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melioidosis: a major cause of community-acquired septicemia in northeastern thailand.in a prospective study of all patients with pseudomonas pseudomallei infections admitted to a large provincial hospital in northeastern thailand, 63 cases of septicemic melioidosis and 206 patients with other community-acquired septicemias were documented during a 1-y period. apart from p. pseudomallei, the spectrum of bacteria isolated from blood cultures and the overall mortality (32%) were similar to those previously reported elsewhere. death from septicemia was associated with failure to dev ...19892708842
multiple splenic abscesses following pseudomonas sepsis.splenic abscess is an unusual clinical entity, which in most cases is secondary to metastatic spread of bacteria from a primary site of infection. before the antibiotic era, salmonella typhi was a common offending organism but now staphylococci and streptococci are predominant organisms. we report two rare cases of multiple splenic abscesses caused by pseudomonas infection. one case followed pseudomonas septicaemia and the other was secondary to pseudomonas pseudomallei osteomyletis of the femur ...19892774478
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical melioidosis.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of specific igg and igm antibody to pseudomonas pseudomallei was developed. the igg-elisa was compared with the indirect fluorescence assay for igg antibody (igg-ifa) and the indirect hemagglutination (iha) test in studies with serum specimens from persons from endemic areas for melioidosis and from persons from nonendemic areas of australia. the sensitivity and specificity of the igg-elisa were 90% and 99%, respectively, comparable ...19892760482
identification of pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice: use of simple screening tests and api 20ne.the api 20ne kit and a simple screening system involving gram's stain, the oxidase reaction, colistin and gentamicin resistance, and colonial characteristics on a differential agar medium, were used to test 400 strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei. the api kit identified 390 (97.5%) strains correctly on first testing and all but one of the remainder on second testing. only one strain was initially misidentified (as ps cepacia). the screening system was 100% accurate in identifying ps pseudomallei ...19892472432
pseudomonas pseudomallei pneumonia with septicemia--case report.a case of pseudomonas pseudomallei pneumonia with septicemia is described. the onset was insidious with paucity of systemic symptoms except fever. diabetes mellitus and alcoholism were associated problems. initially blood cultures were negative but subsequently p. pseudomallei was isolated. the outcome was fatal. unless diagnosed early and treated appropriately, patients often succumb to septicemic shock.19892609180
inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in cultured macrophages by pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin.pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin was found to be a potent inhibitor of protein and dna synthesis in cultured macrophages. inhibition of dna synthesis occurred at toxin concentrations as low as 1-2 micrograms/ml and inhibition of 3h-thymidine uptake was almost complete at concentrations of 8 micrograms/ml or more. a close correlation between cell damage and inhibition by dna synthesis was observed. for protein synthesis, inhibition was obtained at much lower doses (0.06-2.0 micrograms/ml) of the ...19892615673
high activity of acid phosphatase of pseudomonas pseudomallei as a possible attribute relating to its pathogenicity.phosphatase activities were compared quantitatively among selected species of pseudomonads. p. pseudomallei showed the highest activity of a bell-shaped ph pattern with a peak at around ph 5.0. p. cepacia had a similar pattern of milder intensity. in contrast, p. aeruginosa revealed an alkaline phosphatase activity with a ph optimum higher than 8.0, but the level of activity was much lower than those of the above two species. the enzymatic reactions of other species were slight or negligible at ...19892632842
melioidosis: review and update.melioidosis prevails in southeast asia and northern australia. sporadic cases have been increasingly reported from countries located between 20 degrees north latitude and 20 degrees south latitude as well as in travelers and in soldiers who have resided in these areas. the organisms are commonly found in water and soil and are usually transmitted to humans by cutaneous or respiratory routes. clinical manifestations range from subclinical infection to overwhelming septicemia that resembles dissem ...19892665001
the antimicrobial susceptibility of pseudomonas pseudomallei. emergence of resistance in vitro and during treatment.we have measured the in-vitro activity of 27 antimicrobials against 211 clinical and ten reference strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei. imipenem was the most active antibiotic tested, followed by piperacillin, doxycycline, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefixime, cefetamet, azlocillin and ceftazidime, all of which had mics of less than or equal to 2 mg/l for the majority of strains. the measured mics were dependent on the media and inocula used, to an extent which varied with the antibiotic class ...19892681116
splenic abscess at siriraj hospital, thailand.splenic abscess is an unusual disease and may be presented either as a localized area of infection in the spleen or as a part of generalized sepsis. population-based autopsy studies have established the incidence of splenic abscess at between 0.2-0.7 per cent. an eleven-year retrospective study of cases of splenic abscess treated at siriraj hospital, a total of 9 cases, is presented. pseudomonas pseudomallei is the most frequent causative agent, found in one-third of the cases, especially if the ...19892809452
interactions in vitro between agents used to treat melioidosis.combinations of antimicrobial agents are usually recommended for the treatment of melioidosis. in thailand, the conventional treatment regimen for pseudomonas pseudomallei infections is a combination of chloramphenicol, doxycycline and cotrimoxazole. we have consistently observed antagonism between these agents during routine disc susceptibility testing. interactions between these antimicrobials were studied further by a chequerboard microdilution method, using five clinical isolates of p. pseud ...19892681117
acute suppurative parotitis caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei in children.during a prospective clinical study of melioidosis in northeast thailand, suppurative parotitis was observed as a characteristic presentation in children. parotitis constituted 6.3% of all culture-positive melioidosis and 38% of melioidosis in children. nine cases are described. none had apparent predisposition to infection, although two patients developed rising mumps virus antibody titers, suggesting a possible relation between these conditions. complications included abscess formation (nine), ...19892926159
laboratory survey of fluoroquinolone activity.fluoroquinolones are active against a wide variety of bacteria. the antibacterial spectra of fluoroquinolones encompass staphylococci, bacillus species, and corynebacterium species implicated in infections of the immunocompromised host; enterobacteriaceae; most intestinal pathogens; and many gram-negative organisms commonly causing nosocomial infections. haemophilus influenzae, haemophilus ducreyi, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, and branhamella catarrhalis are highly susceptible ...19892672262
[a method of fixation and disinfection of microbial cells on magnetic sorbents].the 96% ethanol has been found fairly effective for the fixation and disinfection of yersinia pestis, vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas mallei, and pseudomonas pseudomallei after their contact with magnetic polyacrylamide sorbents containing specific immunoglobulins for ligands. such step is recommended for the quantitative immunofluorescence test employed for rapid analysis, diagnosis, and identification of the above microorganisms.19892474712
tropical disease in the immunocompromised host: melioidosis and pythiosis.melioidosis is an infection of humans and animals caused by a gram-negative motile bacillus, pseudomonas pseudomallei. forty-nine patients with melioidosis complicating diabetes mellitus, collagen vascular disorders, leukemia/lymphoma, and other hematologic malignancies are described. twenty-nine of these patients had disseminated/septicemic infection, two developed toxic shock syndrome, and one with aids experienced recrudescent melioidosis. patients with disseminated melioidosis often have a v ...19892602781
the activity of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid against pseudomonas pseudomallei. 19892621173
melioidosis with multiple cerebral abscesses.melioidosis from pseudomonas pseudomallei is common in endemic areas (particularly southeast asia) and is being recognized with increasing frequency in developed countries. central nervous system involvement is a rare complication with a high mortality. a patient with multiple cerebral abscesses caused by this organism is presented to demonstrate that successful treatment is possible when a high index of clinical suspicion leads to early diagnosis.19892653340
the use of bone marrow culture for the diagnosis of melioidosis.we have evaluated prospectively the contribution of bone marrow culture to the diagnosis of melioidosis. bone marrow (bmc) and blood cultures (bc) were collected concurrently from 105 patients with suspected acute, severe melioidosis. 67 patients were subsequently proved to have the disease whilst other significant organisms were isolated from these specimens in 5 cases. overall, 67.2% of bc and 64.2% of bmc from melioidosis patients grew pseudomonas pseudomallei. time to positivity did not diff ...19902091358
ultrastructural changes in some pathogenic bacteria after treatment with ethylendiamintetraacetic acid.the ultrastructure of pseudomonas pseudomallei, pseudomonas aeruginosa. yersinia pseudotuberculosis, salmonella typhimurium, listeria monocytogenes was studied after treatment with edta. the study established that the most sensitive species were: pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas aeruginosa. in the case of listeria monocytogenes changes were not observed. typical ultrastructural changes in the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane were established by means of ultrathin sections, as well ...19902129076
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin m specific antibody for the diagnosis of melioidosis.indirect hemagglutination (iha) is commonly used for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. however, in endemic areas, high background titers in normal populations and occasional low titers in patients with septicemic melioidosis prompted a search for a more sensitive and more specific method of serodiagnosis. an indirect fluorescent-antibody test for immunoglobulin m (igm) specific antibody to pseudomonas pseudomallei was more sensitive and more specific, but fluorescence microscopes are rarely availabl ...19902199494
production of hemolysin and other extracellular enzymes by clinical isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei.one hundred clinical isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei from humans were tested for their ability to produce extracellular, biologically active substances which are thought to contribute to the virulence of pseudomonas species. all isolates produced at least on extracellular enzyme; 91 strains were positive for lecithinase, lipase, and protease; but none was positive for elastase. ninety-three strains produced a hemolysin which was detectable around the heavy growth on saline-washed sheep eryt ...19902229359
melioidosis: epidemiology and antibiogram of cases in singapore.there has been an increased incidence of melioidosis in singapore. the disease affects mainly males, older patients and a disproportionately higher number of indians and malays. possible predisposing illness include diabetes mellitus. most patients are bacteraemic. mortality rate is 72% for bacteraemic patients, as compared to 32% for non-bacteraemic patients. local strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei have been consistently sensitive to ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and piperacillin, and nearly a ...19902255929
[infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei].melioidosis, a severe, often fatal disease caused by infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei, has been thought to be a rare endemic disease relatively limited to the areas 20 degrees on either side of the equator. however, an increasing number of people travelling to these areas are reportedly suffering from this disease. it is timely to review this disease for doctors who are unfamiliar with this disease. p. pseudomallei, first discovered by whitmore and krishnaswami in 1912, is a gram-negative ...19902273564
[the life strategy and self-regulation mechanisms of populations of the causative agents of sapronoses (exemplified by pseudomonas pseudomallei)].the strategy of the selection (life) of p. pseudomallei has been defined as c-competitiveness, combining the advantages of the limited (r and k) types of the ecological strategies of microorganisms and ensuring their good capacity of survival in soil biota. the self-regulation mechanisms of p. pseudomallei populations in the environment are determined by the type of their strategy of selection, which also determines the place of this species among other organisms inhabiting the soil. c-competiti ...19902330774
experimental infection of normal and immunosuppressed pigs with pseudomonas pseudomallei.a single dose of 5 x 10(8) bacilli of pseudomonas pseudomallei by intratracheal injection resulted in acute (21 cases) or chronic (19 cases) melioidosis in 40 of 48 pigs. fifteen (10 acute and 5 chronic) had been immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide before inoculation. the major clinical signs were initial fever, marked neutrophilia and, in the acute cases, respiratory distress. there were no signs of the nasal and ocular discharge, paresis or diarrhoea seen in acute cases in south-east asia. th ...19902344335
an avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens. 19902260180
survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei in human phagocytes.pseudomonas pseudomallei causes the disease melioidosis, with protean manifestations, protracted clinical course and unpredictable response to antimicrobial treatment. intracellular location of the organism is suspected to be the cause of these properties. this study was undertaken to examine the intracellular growth of this bacterium. intracellular growth and survival was assessed at different time intervals, by gram's stain and electronmicroscopic examination. during the first 5 h, the numbers ...19902304065
the use of selective media for the isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei in clinical practice.ashdown's selective-differential agar medium, with or without preenrichment in selective broth, was evaluated for the isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from 1972 clinical specimens obtained from 643 subjects in northeast thailand; 226 patients proved to have meliodosis. the use of ashdown's medium significantly increased the frequency of recovery of p. pseudomallei from sites or specimens with an extensive normal flora (throat, rectum, wounds and sputum) as compared to the recovery on blood ...19902231678
isolation of indigenous larvicidal microbial control agents of mosquitos: the malaysian experience.a nationwide screening program searching for microbial control agents of mosquitos was initiated in malaysia in 1986. a total of 725 samples were collected and 2,394 bacterial colonies were isolated and screened for larvicidal activity. from such screening, 20 bacillus thuringiensis, 6 b. sphaericus, 1 clostridium bifermentans and 2 pseudomonas pseudomallei larvicidal isolates were obtained. of these, a new b. thuringiensis named as subspecies malaysianensis was found, while the c. bifermentans ...19902237596
[classify species of pseudomonas pseudomallei into serotypes].species of p. pseudomallei can be classified into two serotypes, serotype i and serotype ii, based on whether or not it contains a thermolabile antigen beside a thermostable one. under the condition of lack of typing serum, by means of serum absorption test, we recognized a strain which contains a major thermolabile antigen. the antigen was purified by sephadex g-200, and it was used to inoculate rabbits. with the immunoserum at hand, we identified 68 of the domestic chinese strains and 6 of ali ...19902251832
[the ultrastructural characteristics of the causative agent of melioidosis and its interaction with phagocytes in vivo].the electron microscopic studies have established that the virulent strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei c-141, an agent of melioidosis, being intraperitoneally administered to guinea pigs, forms in vivo three morphological variants. one variant is capsule-free, while two others have a capsule which in the second variant may be referred by its characters to the microcapsule and in the third one to the macrocapsule. it has been shown that under the interaction of these three morphological variants ...19902377083
in vitro susceptibilities of pseudomonas pseudomallei to 27 antimicrobial agents.clinical isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated in thailand from 1981 to 1989 were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to 27 antimicrobial agents, including older and newer quinolones, broad-spectrum cephems, carbapenems, monobactams, penicillins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, rifamycin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. tosufloxacin, meropenem, cs-533, and minocycline were active against p. pseudomallei at levels comparable to or even greater than those of antimicr ...19902291671
in vitro activities of antimicrobial combination against pseudomonas pseudomallei.p pseudomallei infection was treated empirically with an antimicrobial combination without hard evidence of a more favorable outcome over single drug regimens. the so-called "conventional' agents, namely kanamycin (k), chloramphenicol (c), doxycycline (d) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (smz/tmp) are often combined. we determined the effects of the combination of these agents by standard time-kill curve. six combinations were tested, i.e. k and c, k and d, k and smz/tmp, c and d, c and smz/tmp ...19902351900
pseudomonas pseudomallei and sudden unexplained death in thai construction workers. 19901975356
pseudomonas pseudomallei and sudden unexplained death in thai construction workers. 19901978101
[the morphological characteristics of mucoid variants of pseudomonas pseudomallei].two types of mucoid colonies formed by p. pseudomallei cultivated on solid culture media have been studied by the method of electron cytochemistry. the intercellular material of primary mucoid colonies has been found to positively react with ruthenium red, which is indicative of its polysaccharide nature. slime is the product secreted by p. pseudomallei and participates in the formation of the pseudocapsule and colonies. the intercellular material seems to be a sum of biopolymers based on the pr ...19902075764
evaluation of a modified complement fixation test and an indirect hemagglutination test for the serodiagnosis of melioidosis in pigs.a complement fixation test modified by the addition of porcine serum and an indirect hemagglutination test were used to detect antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei in pigs. these tests together with cultural examinations were carried out with 250 pigs. the sensitivity and specificity values were 79.3 and 99.5% and 82.8 and 93.2% for the modified complement fixation and hemagglutination tests, respectively. when results from the combination of both tests were considered, the values were 86.2 an ...19902203818
blood culture techniques for the diagnosis of melioidosis.the effects of variations in laboratory technique on the speed and sensitivity of isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from blood were evaluated prospectively. pseudomonas pseudomallei was isolated from 154 of 546 cultures from 325 patients with suspected or confirmed melioidosis. subcultures after 12 to 24 and 36 to 48 hours of incubation were positive in 52.3% and 80.8% respectively. the yields from 20 ml (blood to broth ratio 1:4) and 50 ml (blood to broth ratio 1:10) brain heart infusion br ...19902226493
antibody to pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin in sheep exposed to natural infection.specific antibody to pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin was detected in sheep sera exposed to natural infection. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used. serum antitoxin was present in 49.3% of sera obtained from a flock of sheep naturally exposed to p. pseudomallei infection. among these sera, 17.0% gave titers of 10,000. in contrast, serum antitoxin was present in only 6.0% of sera collected from sheep kept on a melioidosis-free farm. the elisa reactivity of all positive sera coul ...19911882505
melioidosis. forgotten, but not gone!melioidosis, infection by the soil bacterium pseudomonas pseudomallei, has the potential for prolonged latency with recrudescence into an acute, often fulminating, and fatal infection. although the organism is never found in north america, infection is endemic in areas of southeast asia, and populations of service personnel exposed during the vietnam war and southeast asian immigrants are at risk of severe recrudescent disease. diagnosis, however, has been missed or delayed because of lack of fa ...19912001144
melioidosis: the tip of the iceberg?for nearly 80 years clinical melioidosis has been considered a rare disease. this bacterial infection is caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei, a saprophyte found in soil and surface water of endemic areas. consequently, those who have most contact with soil, the rural poor, are likely to be at greatest risk of infection. since the diversity of clinical manifestations necessitates the isolation and identification of the causative organism for a definitive diagnosis of melioidosis and the population ...19912004347
siderophore production by pseudomonas pseudomallei.eighty-four strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from patients with melioidosis were examined for siderophore production. all the strains were shown to produce siderophore both on chrome azurol s agar plates and in liquid medium under iron-deficient conditions. chemical assays indicated that the siderophore belongs to the hydroxamate class. addition of iron to the culture medium resulted in increased culture growth with markedly decreased yield of siderophore. siderophore produced by str ...19911825486
pseudomonas pseudomallei resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics due to alterations in the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase.pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is generally susceptible to some of the newer extended-spectrum cephalosporins or to combinations of a beta-lactam and clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. resistance to these agents may, however, emerge during treatment. we report on alterations in the chromosomal beta-lactamase associated with the development of resistance. three resistance patterns resulted from three different mechanisms in the strains investigated. derepr ...19911718214
pyaemia in pigs.pyaemia is by far the most important cause of condemnation in pigs slaughtered in singapore abattoirs. between 1983 and 1987, 1757 from a total of 4,899,731 pigs were condemned by meat inspectors for pyaemia, accounting for 0.036% of the total condemnations. the common post-mortem findings of affected pigs during the 5-year period are presented. abscesses were most commonly seen in the liver (22%), spleen (21%), gastrohepatic lymph node (20%) and bronchial lymph node (17%). pseudomonas pseudomal ...19911878769
amoxycillin-clavulanic acid treatment of melioidosis.melioidosis is a serious infection with high acute mortality, and a high rate of relapse despite protracted antimicrobial treatment. the current recommended conventional oral treatment regimen is a 4-drug combination of high-dose chloramphenicol, doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole given for between 6 weeks and 6 months. we have evaluated prospectively the use of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, to which pseudomonas pseudomallei is consistently sensitive in vitro, for the oral maintenance ...19911781006
parapharyngeal space melioidosis in a diabetic.pseudomonas pseudomallei, a gram negative organism causing melioidosis, is found in tropical and subtropical regions. it may manifest as a pulmonary lesion, osteomyelitis, soft tissue abscesses, abscesses in various organs or in septicaemic form. melioidosis of the parapharyngeal space has not been reported so far. a case of melioidosis of the parapharyngeal space which was successfully treated by drainage and prolonged antibiotic therapy is reported here. melioidosis should be suspected in seve ...19911875146
immunoblot analysis to demonstrate antigenic variability of clinical isolated. pseudomonas pseudomallei.pseudomonas pseudomallei (ps.ps.) is the causative organism of melioidosis, and is widely distributed in southeast asia and northern australia. clinical manifestations range from subclinical infection to fulminant septicemia. to demonstrate the antigenic variability of ps.ps., 62 clinical isolates from 31 blood, 13 sputum, 9 pus, 3 urine and 6 body fluid culture specimens were studied by sds-page and immunoblotting. in sds-page, there were approximately 20 antigenic components with molecular wei ...19911723272
case report: septicemic melioidosis following near drowning. 19911719647
[the properties of the extracellular alkaline phosphatase of the causative agent of melioidosis].after growing p. pseudomallei vpa on solid medium extracellular alkaline phosphatase with a molecular weight of 93,000 amu was isolated, and practically purified from the extract of this medium by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, subsequent gel chromatography and concentration on membrane filters. the optimum conditions for enzymatic reaction were found to be ph 9.0 and a temperature of 50 degrees c. the enzyme was resistant to freezing and to heating at a temperature of up 60 degrees c for ...19911719719
heat-stable and heat-labile components of nonspecific acid phosphatase detected in pseudomonas pseudomallei.in a whole cell assay system with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei showed a two-peak pattern in ph activity curve of acid phosphatase, suggesting the presence of two enzyme components different in ph optimum (4.2 and 5.2). the component of 5.2 ph optimum was detected in the outer membrane fraction and the activity was resistant to heating at 70 c for 30 min. the other component of 4.2 ph optimum was heat-labile. no substantial difference was observed in t ...19911720181
growth and survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei in acidic environments.a study was made on the growth and survival of pseudomonas pseudomallei in culture environments differing in nutrients, initial ph, and aeration, in comparison with pseudomonas cepacia and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the observations led us to a view that p. pseudomallei has the highest adaptability to acidic environments among the three species. unlike the other species, it grew in heart infusion broth of initial ph 4.5 under aeration and survived keeping a high level (10(9) per ml) of viable count ...19911720182
[the level of spontaneous phage production and sensitivity to melioidosis phages of museum cultures of pseudomonas pseudomallei].the phage-producing activity and sensitivity of museum cultures of a melioidosis agent to melioidosis phages have been studied. most cultures show spontaneous phage-production, though its level differs in strains. some of the melioidosis cultures demonstrate lack of phages. the fact that these strains have different sensitivity to chloroform lysate of cultures producing phages indicates their possible lysogenic state. electron microscopy has shown the presence of at least tow morphological types ...19911726444
development of resistance to ceftazidime and co-amoxiclav in pseudomonas pseudomallei. 19911723404
[the parasitism characteristics of the causative agent of melioidosis in the host cells].the electron microscopic study of the damaged areas of the lungs, liver, spleen and lymph nodes of guinea pigs infected with two p. pseudomallei virulent strains c-141 and 100 has revealed that this organism is a facultative intracellular parasite and exhibits tropism to reticuloendothelial cells of the body, parasitizing both in "professional" phagocytes (mononuclear, phagocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and "nonprofessional" phagocytes (capillary endotheliocytes, splenic and lymph-node re ...19911724859
melioidosis in a patient from bangladesh.a 54 year old bangladeshi man presented with a history and chest x-ray appearances suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis. following deterioration 4 weeks later, he required ventilation. although a blood culture isolate was subsequently found to be pseudomonas pseudomallei, it was initially misidentified and dismissed as a contaminant. further cultures demonstrated the organism, but the patient died, despite treatment with ceftazidime. the case illustrates the importance of taking a detailed trave ...19911721711
gold blot for detection of immunoglobulin m (igm)- and igg-specific antibodies for rapid serodiagnosis of melioidosis.gold blot tests for rapid serodiagnosis of melioidosis were developed and evaluated with sera from 40 melioidosis patients and 159 normal controls. the sensitivity and specificity were 87.5 and 88%, respectively, for the immunoglobulin m (igm) test and 100 and 91%, respectively, for the protein a test for igg. combination of the igm gold blot and protein a gold blot yielded 97.5% sensitivity and 94.3% specificity. the tests were rapid and simple.19911723079
sudden unexplained death syndrome--a new manifestation in melioidosis?the indirect haemagglutination (iha) test using sensitized turkey erythrocytes and the indirect immunofluorescence assay (igm-ifa) was confirmed to be sensitive in the detection of a recent or current pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in 19 culture-confirmed singapore melioidosis patients. all were found to have antibody titres from 4 to 32768 in the iha test and 10 to 320 in the igm-ifa test. when these tests were employed on sera from 16 immigrant thai construction workers who died of sudden ...19911721589
[problems of resistance of the causative agent of melioidosis to antibiotics].it was shown that the pathogen causing melioidosis was highly resistant to antibiotics including beta-lactams. antibiotic sensitive mutants of p. pseudomallei were isolated after mutagenesis induced by nitrosoguanidine. permeability for 3h-tetracycline and tetracycline sensitivity of the mutant cells was respectively 3 and 20 times as high as those of the initial parent strain. gas liquid chromatography revealed quantitative and qualitative changes in separate sugars of the lipopolysaccharide st ...19911725248
fatty acid profile and acid phosphatase activity of fresh isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei.eighty-one fresh isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei from melioidosis patients were subjected to the analysis for the fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) and ph-dependent pattern of nonspecific phosphatase activity. all the test strains were identical in the glc profile showing the three peaks of characteristic hydroxy acids (3-oh 14:0, 2-oh 16:0, 3-oh 16:0) and the two prominent peaks of cyclopropane acids (17:0 delta, 19:0 delta). they had also basically the same ph-depe ...19911725884
[the role of the surface antigens of pseudomonas pseudomallei in the pathogenesis of melioidosis].as established with the use of electron-immunochemical techniques, glycoprotein antigen 6 is the outer membrane component of p. pseudomallei cell wall, while glycoprotein antigen 8 is localized on the cell surface as a capsule-like formation. antigen 6 plays no perceptible role in the realization of the pathogenic properties of the infective agent, but serves as a reliable sign in the differentiation of p. pseudomallei strains into serovars. subcultures, defective in the synthesis of antigen 8, ...19911724862
pseudomonas pseudomallei: danger in the paddy fields. 19912068733
substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas cepacia, with special reference to tyrosine phosphatase.the substrate response in acid phosphatase activity of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas cepacia was examined with different phosphate esters including hexose phosphates and phosphoaminoacids in a whole cell assay system. the enzymatic activity against each substrate was evaluated in terms of percent activity to that against para-nitrophenyl phosphate set as 100. a remarkable finding was that the phosphatase reaction was the highest with phosphotyrosine or phosphoserine as substrate showi ...19911725886
demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in antigenic glycoprotein fractions obtained from the culture filtrate of pseudomonas pseudomallei.pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative microorganism of melioidosis, was grown in mueller-hinton liquid medium, and glycoprotein fractions were separated from the culture filtrate by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel-filtration with sephadex g-75, and column chromatography with deae-cellulose. the fractions revealed acid phosphatase activity, and reacted to the sera from melioidosis patient in gel-diffusion precipitation assay.19911725885
serodiagnosis of melioidosis in singapore by the indirect haemagglutination test.melioidosis is endemic in singapore, with diagnosis dependent upon both bacteriological culture and serodiagnosis. using the polysaccharide (melioidin)-sensitized turkey red cells in the indirect haemagglutination test (ihat), 20 (100%) of the pseudomonas pseudomallei culture-positive cases were detectable by the ihat with titles ranging from 1:16 to 1:32, 768. eight of these patients who died within a few days after the ihat was performed had titres ranging from 1:16 to 1:1028. five culture-neg ...19911775994
isolated articular melioidosis.melioidosis is an infection caused by a gram-negative bacilli, pseudomonas pseudomallei. this organism can cause fatal infection in domestic animals and are probably transmitted to humans by soil contamination of skin abrasions, ingestion, and inhalation. melioidosis is being increasingly diagnosed in western countries in other than its endemic areas of tropical and subtropical zones. in the past, only a few single case reports of articular melioidosis were published in english journals, and alm ...19912044275
pseudomonas pseudomallei, a common pathogen in thailand that is resistant to the bactericidal effects of many antibiotics.the purpose of this investigation was to identify newer antimicrobial agents that may be useful in the therapy of melioidosis. the in vitro susceptibilities of 199 clinical isolates of pseudomonas pseudomallei to 22 antibiotics were determined by standard disk diffusion, and those to 13 antibiotics were determined by agar dilution. over 90% of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, piperacillin, ceftazidime, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, and carumona ...19912039198
corneal ulcer caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei: report of three cases.we report three cases of corneal ulcer caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. in all cases corneal trauma preceded the development of extensive ulcers, subconjunctival abscesses, and hypopyon. treatment for a total of 8 weeks with topical and/or parenteral ceftazidime followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid produced resolution of infection in each case.19912041966
ceftazidime monotherapy for pulmonary melioidosis in a traveler returning from thailand.a patient with deteriorating pulmonary melioidosis rapidly recovered after treatment with ceftazidime. to prevent possible relapses, an oral maintenance regimen of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was prescribed for a period of three months. melioidosis is caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. it is an insidious disease because of its variable clinical presentation, possible long-term asymptomatic carriage, broad-spectrum resistance to first-line antibiotics, and high mortality rate. as in our pati ...19921735289
prevalence of antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin and whole cell antigens in military personnel in sabah and sarawak, malaysia.sera from 420 military personnel serving in sabah and sarawk, malaysia, were tested for antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin and whole cell antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedure (elisa). data showed that 54.4% of serum samples were positive for antibodies to p. pseudomallei exotoxin and 65.7% were positive for antibodies to the whole cell antigens. samples gave much lower titers for anti-exotoxin antibodies compared to titers against crude whole cell antigens. the in ...19921474938
[transformation of pathogenic pseudomonas by plasmid dna].the possibility has been shown of the genetical transformation of pseudomonas mallei strains by the purified dna of the plasmids rsf1010, pes154, pbs222 and pbr325. the frequency of transformation varied from 1.2 x 10(1) to 2.0 x 10(2) depending on the plasmid dna and transformation technique used in the experiments. pseudomonas pseudomallei cells could not be transformed by the methods described in the paper.19921383699
a case of human melioidosis originating in south-west western australia.to report the first human case of autochthonous melioidosis in temperate australia (latitude 31 degrees 10's) and to describe the extent of the presence of the causative agent, pseudomonas pseudomallei, in southwest western australia.19921279367
structure of the polysaccharide chains of pseudomonas pseudomallei lipopolysaccharides.the pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas pseudomallei strain 57576 produces two partially o-acetylated o-antigenic polysaccharides (ps-i and ps-ii). methylation analysis and 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy, including noe experiments, showed ps-i to have the structure [formula: see text] and ps-ii to have the structure [formula: see text] where 6dmanhep is the unusual higher sugar 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose. ps-ii is produced also by p. pseudomallei strains 100 and 110, and ps-i and o-deacetylated ps-ii by ...19921280183
melioidosis: when in doubt leave the quinolone alone! 19921280318
[the effect of the acid exopolysaccharide produced by the causative agent of melioidosis on macrophage function].acid exopolysaccharide of the melioidosis agent, isolated from the slime of alysogenic strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei svbdo-141 inhibits the capture of sheep erythrocytes--55fe by mouse peritoneal macrophages. administration of the sheep erythrocytes--55fe, sensibilized by acid exopolysaccharide was proved not to have an antiphagocytic effect. inhibition of phagocytic macrophagal activity depends on the conditions of isolation of acid exopolysaccharide.19921284090
use of endotoxin antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of p. pseudomallei infections (melioidosis).an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with endotoxin preparations of p. pseudomallei as antigen was developed for detection of igg antibodies specific to melioidosis. forty-seven sera of bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients, 55 non-melioidosis sera and 50 sera of healthy blood donors from non-endemic areas were subjected to this assay in comparison with indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). the data were treated by receiver operating characteristics analysis. the sensitivity, ...19921284831
serosurveillance for pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in thailand.a nation-wide survey was conducted to see the prevalence of serosensitivity to pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens by indirect hemagglutination (iha) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for igg and igm. serum samples were collected from blood donors in eight selected areas and bacteriologically confirmed melioidosis patients in ubon ratchathani province. the distribution patterns of antibody titers were compared among the survey areas with cut-off points set at 1:160 for iha, 1:4 for ifa-ig ...19921284879
serosurveillance for double infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei in tuberculous patients.the serosensitivity to pseudomonas pseudomallei antigen in pulmonary tuberculous patients was surveyed in ubon ratchathani province, a melioidosis-endemic and tuberculosis-prevalent area in thailand. indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) for igm and igg were employed for the measurement of antibody levels, with cut-off points set at 1:160, 1:8, and 1:32, respectively. retrospective protocol survey of clinical data was also conducted. from these studies, ...19921284880
melioidosis and safety in the clinical laboratory.human infection with pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, typically produces subclinical disease and an asymptomatic carrier state; occasionally clinical illness, frequently with a fatal outcome, may occur. consequently, to help protect staff from laboratory-acquired melioidosis, microbiological and biomedical laboratories must have adequate facilities for safe work procedures and laboratory staff must engage in safe work practices. recommendations from a melioidosis-end ...19921355785
cerebral abscesses due to pseudomonas pseudomallei.two cases of cerebral abscesses caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei are reported. the first case, a 51-year-old women had a sudden onset of progressive right hemiparesis and right facial palsy and died within 7 days. postmortem examination disclosed brain abscess in association with disseminated infection outside the central nervous system. the second case, a 9-year-old boy displayed cerebral abscesses as an isolated manifestation. recovery occurred after treatment with ceftazidime. review of the ...19921284675
[the determination of the location of the antigens of the causative agent of melioidosis at the ultrastructural level by using monoclonal antibodies].the indirect immunoperoxidase method with the use of monoclonal antibodies has been employed to determine the localization of antigens of melioidosis agents. the formed reaction products were then detected by the electron microscopic analysis. the most important in melioidosis pathogenesis antigens 6 and 8 (ag 6 and ag 8) were determined to localize on the cell wall and in the capsule-like mucous layer, respectively. monoclonal antibodies to ag 8 due to their marked cross-linking properties prom ...19921374832
the prevalence of the indirect hemagglutination test for melioidosis in children in an endemic area.the indirect hemaglutination test for melioidosis was studied in 295 children who live in the northeastern part of thailand. sixty-seven children (22.7%) were healthy children who came to the well baby clinic. two hundred and twenty-eight children (77.3%) came to the hospital because of some illnesses other than melioidosis. eighty-three percent of the children had an iha titer of at least 1:10 or greater. twenty-two percent had an iha titer of 1:80 or greater. the prevalence of positive iha tit ...19921284319
rapid differentiation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from pseudomonas cepacia.the minitek disc system was utilized for the differentiation of pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, from ps. cepacia. the system was simple to use, inexpensive, and furnished rapid, clear-cut test results after 4 h. this procedure is suitable for differentiating soil bacteria presumptively identified as ps. pseudomallei, ps. cepacia or flavobacteria, and for the rapid confirmation of the presumptive identification of either ps. pseudomallei or ps. cepacia obtained by co ...19921376128
pseudomonas pseudomallei and melioidosis in china.though melioidosis has been reported since 1912, it is still a new problem for most chinese physicians and medical scientists. because of the lack of understanding and clinical experiences in melioidosis, none had been reported until 1990 in the mainland of china. in view of china's open policy and health work the natural foci of pseudomonas pseudomallei in south china, ie. hainan, guangdong and guangxi provinces, should be given sufficient concern. efforts should be made in training physicians ...19921283844
proposal of burkholderia gen. nov. and transfer of seven species of the genus pseudomonas homology group ii to the new genus, with the type species burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981) comb. nov.based on the 16s rrna sequences, dna-dna homology values, cellular lipid and fatty acid composition, and phenotypic characteristics, a new genus burkholderia is proposed for the rna homology group ii of genus pseudomonas. seven species in this group were transferred to the new genus. thus seven new combinations, burkholderia cepacia (palleroni and holmes 1981), burkholderia mallei (zopf 1885), burkholderia pseudomallei (whitmore 1913), burkholderia caryophylli (burkholder 1942), burkholderia gla ...19921283774
identification of oklahoma isolate as a strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei.based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics, cellular fatty acid and lipid composition, ubiquinone-8 as the major respiratory quinone, guanine-plus-cytosine content of dna, dna-dna homology value, and sequence alignment of 16s rrna nucleotides, oklahoma isolate was reidentified as a strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei.19921283773
[mobilization using incompatibility group p1 plasmids in strains of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei as potential vectors for dna cloning].the cells of pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei have been shown to serve as recipients for the plasmid rsf1010 and its recombinant derivatives pva1 and pva4. the conjugative plasmids rp1 and pth10 of the incompatibility group p1 are able to mobilize the nontransmissive vector plasmids for conjugation transfer into pseudomonas pseudomallei and pseudomonas mallei strains. the smr determinant of the plasmid rsf1010 is expressed in the latter strains. these data makes the mentioned vect ...19921280770
prolonged elevation of interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 concentrations in plasma and of leukocyte interleukin-8 mrna levels during septicemic and localized pseudomonas pseudomallei infection.patients suffering from serious bacterial infection present to the hospital after early inflammatory events, such as release of tumor necrosis factor (tnf), have been initiated. the role of other cytokines, such as interleukin-8 (il-8), a neutrophil chemoattractant and activator, in the pathophysiology of human sepsis is not well characterized, and there are only limited data on il-6. we studied serial concentrations of tnf, il-6 (involved in the acute-phase response), and il-8 in plasma and leu ...19921375198
keratitis in free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) on magnetic island, townsville.seventy free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus) from magnetic island (queensland, australia) underwent an ocular examination, blood collection and serological examination for chlamydia psittaci antibodies, and an examination of their teeth and genitalia. in 12 koalas long-standing unilateral keratitis was noted and in another 10 animals long-standing bilateral keratitis was observed. all animals were seronegative for chlamydia psittaci and apart from some nasal discharge and a variety of as ...19921380994
serial serum c-reactive protein levels as an aid to the management of melioidosis.of 46 patients with clinical melioidosis, 35 (22 culture-positive and 13 culture-negative) had relatively uneventful disease courses, with elevated serum c-reactive protein (crp) concentrations (greater than 5 mg/dl) that decreased with the commencement of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and continued to show an uninterrupted decrease (mean 29.4 days, range 12-52 days) to the normal range (less than 1 mg/dl), with resolution of their infections. in five culture-positive patients with complicated ...19921371652
an outbreak of melioidosis in imported primates in britain.an outbreak of melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei, was identified in a batch of feral cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) imported to britain from the philippines. thirteen confirmed or possible cases occurred among a batch of 50 animals. subsequent investigations revealed that the infection was uncommon among imported primates from a variety of sources, although three other cases were identified in monkeys imported from indonesia. the majority of the affe ...19921279882
neurological melioidosis: seven cases from the northern territory of australia.pseudomonas pseudomallei, which causes melioidosis, is most commonly associated with pulmonary infection. we describe seven patients who developed a neurological syndrome as the predominant manifestation of melioidosis: this syndrome was characterized by peripheral motor weakness (mimicking guillain-barré syndrome), brain-stem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and respiratory failure. neurological melioidosis occurred in the absence of demonstrable foci of infection in the central nervous system ...19921617057
removal of copper ion by pseudomonas spp.copper-resistant pseudomonas sp. 41y, pseudomonas pseudomallei 13-1 and pseudomonas aeruginosa 7 were used in the present study. when the latter two organisms were added to copper-containing 1/3 strength tryptic soy broth, more than 99.5% of the copper ion was removed from the medium within 24 h. if copper solution was added to hog waste slurry, a reduction in the copper ion concentration could be detected only when the added bacteria started to grow in it, whereas in a mineral medium supplement ...19921631243
pseudomonas pseudomallei infection in camels. 19921642603
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 40-1992. a 43-year-old cambodian man with several years of recurrent bouts of fever and abdominal pain. 19921381809
extraction and characterization of lipopolysaccharide from pseudomonas pseudomallei.the best yield of lipopolysaccharide (lps) of pseudomonas pseudomallei gifu 12046 was obtained by extraction of defatted cells by phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether. the lps showed a smooth character on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained d-glucose, l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, and d-glucosamine as the main sugar components, and 3-hydroxypalmitic acid as an amide-linked fatty acid. the growth conditions did not affect the electrophoresis profile and chemical composition of lps. 2-k ...19921383080
[the interaction of the causative agent of melioidosis with the host's alveolar macrophages].studies were carried out on guinea pigs and albino rats, intranasally infected with p. pseudomallei c-141. the cells of bronchovesicular exudate were obtained from animals 1, 4 and 24 hours after infection. electron microscopy was applied to study the process of interaction of the agent and alveolar macrophages. bacteria were shown to form a capsule which permitted avoiding phagocytosis, when entering the host respiratory system. microbes that failed to form a capsule were absorbed by macrophage ...19921383676
endotoxin of pseudomonas pseudomallei detected by the body weight-decreasing reaction in mice and comparison of it with those of p. cepacia and p. aeruginosa.the heat-treated whole cells, culture supernatants, and extracted endotoxin preparations of pseudomonas pseudomallei were examined for endotoxin by the mouse body weight-decreasing (bwd) test. the experiments were conducted also with those of p. cepacia and p aeruginosa. endotoxin was detected in all the samples of p. pseudomallei. endotoxin of p. cepacia was detected in whole cells, but not in culture supernatant. the bwd activity of p. aeruginosa was 30 times as high as that of p. pseudomallei ...19921379309
homogeneity of lipopolysaccharide antigens in pseudomonas pseudomallei.an antiserum raised against a single strain of pseudomonas pseudomallei reacted equally in a whole cell agglutination test, an indirect haemagglutination (iha) test and an elisa with a panel of 12 strains of the species which had been isolated from human beings and animals in various parts of the far east and australia between 1923 and 1990. absorption of the serum with either of two strains removed all reactivity of the serum with other strains. phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) f ...19921385539
pseudomonas pseudomallei liver abscesses: a clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic study.ultrasonography revealed evidence of liver abscess in 126 patients who were admitted to one hospital in northeastern thailand over a 3-year period. there were 50 cases for which a pyogenic bacterial etiology was confirmed; 34 cases (group 1) were caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei (nine patients died) and 16 cases (group 2) were caused by other bacteria (two patients died). melioidosis was associated with anemia and underlying diabetes or renal disease; right-upper-quadrant pain and jaundice wer ...19921554825
evaluation of culture techniques for isolation of pseudomonas pseudomallei from soil.three selective enrichment broths and four selective agar media were evaluated for their ability to support the growth of pseudomonas pseudomallei both at 35 degrees c and at ambient temperature (range, 20 to 32 degrees c; mean, 25 degrees c). colony counts of 50 strains of p. pseudomallei and recovery studies with 1 soil strain in 60 simulated soil samples demonstrated that enrichment with trypticase soy broth incorporating 5 mg of crystal violet per liter and 20 mg of colistin per liter (cvcb) ...199216348827
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