Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [histological study of oral glands of the anole lizard, anolis carolinensis]. | 1988 | 3272355 | |
| in vivo test system for tumor production by cell lines derived from lower vertebrates. | the immune suppressed lizard, anolis carolinensis, can be used to test for in vivo tumor production by cell lines derived from a variety of ectothermic vertebrates. cell lines tested for tumor production were also assessed for loss of attachment-dependent proliferation and contact inhibition of cell overlap. the results demonstrate that the criteria standardly used to assess transformation and neoplastic change in cultured mammalian cells apply equally well to cultured cells from ectotherms. | 1988 | 3280544 |
| effects of trh on hormone release from pituitaries of the lizard, anolis carolinensis. | the ability of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) to stimulate thyrotropin (tsh) from pituitaries of adult male lizards, anolis carolinensis, was tested in vivo and in vitro. tsh output by pituitaries in vitro was determined by bioassay of the incubation medium using in vitro t4 output by thyroids from the same lizards. pituitaries incubated without trh had no detectable tsh secretion during two consecutive (2 or 3 hr) periods of incubation. incubation in 10 or 100 ng/ml trh for 2 or 3 hr signi ... | 1988 | 3138157 |
| cyclic lactam analogues of ac-[nle4]alpha-msh4-11-nh2. | two side-chain cyclic lactam analogues of the 4-11 fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh), ac-[nle4,d-orn5,glu8]alpha-msh4-11-nh2 and ac-[nle4,d-orn5,d-phe7,glu8]alpha-msh4-11-nh2, were prepared on p-methylbenzhydrylamine resin by using a combination of n alpha-boc and n alpha-fmoc synthetic strategies with diphenyl phosphorazidate mediated cyclization. the melanotropin activities of these two analogues were examined and compared relative to those of alpha-msh, ac-[nle4]alp ... | 1988 | 2852955 |
| potent and prolonged acting cyclic lactam analogues of alpha-melanotropin: design based on molecular dynamics. | utilizing results from previous structure-activity relationships and theoretical studies of alpha-melanotropin (alpha-msh, ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2) and its related superpotent analogues, ac-[nle4,d-phe7]-alpha-msh and ac-[cys4,cys10]-alpha-msh, we have designed a new class of alpha-msh4-13 and alpha-msh4-10 cyclic lactam fragment analogues of alpha-melanotropin. the cyclic peptides have the following general structures: ac-[nle4,xxx5,d-phe7,yyy10,gly11]-alpha-m ... | 1989 | 2555512 |
| design of potent linear alpha-melanotropin 4-10 analogues modified in positions 5 and 10. | alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-msh) is a linear tridecapeptide (ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2) that has diverse physiological functions in addition to its reversible darkening of amphibian skins by stimulating melanosome dispersion within melanophores. on the basis of theoretical and experimental results from our laboratory and others, we have designed a group of 1-13, 4-13, and especially 4-10 analogues related to the superpotent analogue [nle4,d-phe7]a ... | 1989 | 2535874 |
| membrane currents in lizard motor nerve terminals and nodes of ranvier. | presynaptic membrane currents were recorded by external electrodes and nodal membrane currents were obtained by the voltage clamp technique in motor nerve endings and nodes of ranvier of the lizard anolis carolinensis. although of compact shape, lizard motor endings display relatively long terminal branches; they exhibit, in agreement with previous findings in mouse and frog motor terminals, na, ca and k conductances, the latter consisting of a voltage- and a ca-dependent type. lizard nodes of r ... | 1989 | 2622756 |
| aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of paired male lizards (anolis carolinensis). | the associations of physical activity, skin color, body mass difference and conspecific olfactory cues with short-term aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in paired male anolis carolinesis were examined. control measurements for mild laboratory manipulation (such as the movement of a metabolic chamber) yielded significant increases in the rate of oxygen consumption, but not in the lactate concentration of these animals; stronger manipulation increased both. a possible influence of conspecific olfac ... | 1989 | 2634263 |
| presynaptic calcium currents recorded from calyciform nerve terminals in the lizard ciliary ganglion. | electron microscopic examination of ciliary ganglion from anolis carolinensis shows large calyciform presynaptic nerve terminals ending on ganglion cells. intracellular records were obtained from the terminals, and membrane currents were recorded with the single-electrode voltage clamp technique. after block of na+ currents with tetrodotoxin, depolarization of the terminals produced inward currents that disappeared when extracellular ca2+ was removed, and increased in magnitude and duration when ... | 1989 | 2562058 |
| alpha-melanotropin: the minimal active sequence in the lizard skin bioassay. | alpha-melanotropin (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, alpha-msh) is a tridecapeptide, ac-ser-tyr-ser-met-glu-his-phe-arg-trp-gly-lys-pro-val-nh2. the minimal sequence of alpha-msh required for agonism in the lizard (anolis carolinensis) skin bioassay was determined to be ac-his-phe-arg-trp-nh2 (ac-alpha-msh6-9-nh2). smaller fragments of this sequence (ac-alpha-msh6-8-nh2, ac-alpha-msh6-7-nh2, ac-alpha-msh7-9-nh2, and ac-alpha-msh7-8-nh2) were devoid of melanotropic activity. the tetrapeptide ... | 1989 | 2537778 |
| glycolysis in anolis carolinensis during agonistic encounters. | we examined the influences of territorial status, encounter outcome, body mass difference, activity, and display on lactate accumulation in adult male anolis carolinensis during agonistic interactions. of the pairs of lizards frozen at the onset of an encounter, intruders had significantly higher lactate concentrations than residents. lactate levels at the onset of an interaction were not significantly different from those at the conclusion, suggesting a limited role for glycolysis during such e ... | 1990 | 2236261 |
| endocrine and behavioral responses to aggression and social dominance in the green anole lizard, anolis carolinensis. | adult males of the small arboreal iguanid lizard, anolis carolinensis, will fight and form social dominance hierarchies when placed in habitats with limited resources. the relationships between time since initial aggressive interaction, relative social dominance, reproductive activity, and corticosterone and androgen levels were determined for 34 pairs of lizards. a discriminant analysis established a "dominance index" which indicated that over 90% of the difference between individuals who had w ... | 1990 | 2307346 |
| neurotensin is localized to paracrine cells in the urinary bladder of the turtle, chrysemys picta. | urinary bladder from the painted turtle, chrysemys picta, contains a substantial population of endocrine/paracrine cells scattered through the mucosal epithelium which immunostains using antisera directed toward mammalian neurotensin (nt). radiommunoassay of 0.1 n hcl extracts of chrysemys bladder indicated an immunoreactive nt (int) concentration of 161 +/- 39 pmol/g tissue (n = 9), an amount lower but comparable in magnitude to that found in mucosal scrapings of the intestine (926 +/- 125 pmol ... | 1990 | 2202609 |
| the mechanism of dewlap extension in anolis carolinensis (reptilia: iguanidae) with histological analysis of the hyoid apparatus. | anolis carolinensis has two aggressive displays involving movements of the hyoid apparatus: erection of the throat and extension of the dewlap. erection of the throat is an enlargement of the gular region and dewlap extension consists of a vertical erection of the gular flap. cinefluoroscopy and high speed cinematography show that the dewlap is extended in three phases: 1) protraction of the entire hyoid apparatus; 2) forward pivoting movement of the ceratobranchials ii; and 3) retraction of the ... | 1990 | 29865772 |
| the double nucleus of the sertoli cell in the lizard anolis carolinensis. | over 90% of the sertoli cells in the testes of adult lizards (anolis carolinensis) are binucleate. the nuclei occur in closely associated pairs in the basal cytoplasm of the sertoli cells that line the testis tubules. the two nuclei of a pair are of similar volume, and each usually contains one conspicuous rounded nucleolus. the average volume of individual nuclei varies from 367.8 microm(3) in spermatogenically active testes in march to 172.5 microm(3) in september, when testes are regressed. t ... | 1990 | 18620301 |
| asymmetry in diencephalic monoamine metabolism is related to side of ovulation in a reptile. | the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis), like humans and other higher primates, alternates ovulation between left and right ovaries. to test the possible role of hypothalamic function in ovarian asymmetry, we measured levels of 3 major monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine; dopamine; serotonin) and their metabolites in microdissected left and right diencephalon from lizards during the first cycle of ovulation in the spring. all of the metabolite/parent neurotransmitter ratios were sig ... | 1990 | 2302561 |
| the fate of hepatozoon species naturally infecting florida black racers and watersnakes in potential mosquito and soft tick vectors, and histological evidence of pathogenicity in unnatural host species. | haemogregarine parasites, derived from the florida snakes coluber constrictor and nerodia fasciata and ingested by aedes aegypti, completed sporogony within the hemocoeles of nearly all fed mosquitoes in 14-18 days, and produced oocysts typical of hepatozoon. however, mortalities and morbidity were high in the culex which had fed on the coluber. oocysts were not found in any ornithodoros turicata (argasidae) which fed upon either snake host, but many sections of fed ticks had gametocyte-like cel ... | 1991 | 1683862 |
| melatonin deacetylation: retinal vertebrate class distribution and xenopus laevis tissue distribution. | deacetylation is a rapid clearance mechanism for ocular melatonin. we have studied the distribution of retinal melatonin deacetylase activity among vertebrate classes. exogenous radiolabeled melatonin is metabolized by ocular tissue prepared from the amphibian xenopus laevis, the reptile anolis carolinensis, the teleost fish carassius auratus, and the bird gallus domesticus. in contrast, we were unable to detect ocular melatonin breakdown in rat or pig. in each species exhibiting ocular melatoni ... | 1991 | 1782560 |
| phosphodiesterase of cone photoreceptors from the lizard, anolis carolinensis. | cone and rod photoreceptors utilize cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) in the light regulation of membrane polarization. the prototype for visual transduction is established for rod photoreceptors, which utilize a cascade of reactions to regulate a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (pde) (ec 3.1.4.17) and thereby control the intracellular concentration of cgmp. although cones appear to utilize a comparable cgmp cascade for their phototransduction, evidence exists that the pde from cone phot ... | 1991 | 1851207 |
| the effects of progesterone on sexual behavior in male green anole lizards (anolis carolinensis). | it is well known that androgen-dependent sexual behaviors in male mammals and birds are inhibited by exogenous progesterone (p). however, recent research on male whiptail lizards (cnemidophorus inornatus) indicates that p can stimulate sexual and copulatory behavior. we report here both antiandrogenic and synandrogenic actions of p on sexual behavior in males of another reptile, the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis). earlier reports on birds and mammals are reviewed and discussed in relat ... | 1991 | 1813375 |
| ultrastructure of lingual salivary glands in the american chameleon: anolis carolinensis. | that portion of the dorsal surface of the tongue of anolis carolinensis that is covered by plumose papillae is underlaid by a series of tubular salivary glands that open between the papillae; glands persist into the posterior zone of the tongue, where they open between cylindriform papillae. anterior glands are serous in nature--they consist of simple columnar epithelial cells that contain abundant secretory granules exhibiting a variety of substructural patterns. the golgi apparatus is large an ... | 1991 | 2048753 |
| neurotransmitter-specific identification and characterization of neurons in the all-cone retina of anolis carolinensis, i: gamma-aminobutyric acid. | the inhibitory amino-acid neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), was localized in the pure cone retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis by autoradiographic and immunocytochemical techniques. uptake of [3h]-gaba labeled horizontal cells, amacrine cells, numerous cells in the ganglion cell layer, both plexiform layers, and the nerve fiber layer. label in the inner plexiform layer showed distinct lamination. the pattern of gaba immunoreactivity was similar to the pattern of [3h]-gaba up ... | 1992 | 1586653 |
| asymmetric metabolism of hypothalamic catecholamines alternates with side of ovulation in a lizard (anolis carolinensis). | we determined levels of monoamines and their metabolites in 2 hypothalami dissected from the right and left hemibrains of 15 females during the right-left alternating ovulatory cycle of anolis carolinensis. tissue contents of the following were measured using hplc and electrochemical (coulometric) detection: dopamine (da) and its metabolite 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac), norepinephrine (ne) and its metabolites 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (mhpg) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (dhpg), ... | 1992 | 1583449 |
| a single ovary of anolis carolinensis responds more to exogenous gonadotropin if the contralateral ovary is absent. | the lizard anolis carolinensis exhibits asymmetric ovarian growth. at any given time, the larger ovary (lo) contains a larger follicle than does the smaller ovary (so). physiologically hypophysectomized females with quiescent ovaries were treated with gonadotropin (ovine fsh) or saline vehicle after either surgical removal of the lo or sham operation. the smaller ovaries of initial control, sham-operated, and hemiovariectomized (ho) females were similar in weight and follicular size. therefore, ... | 1992 | 1577249 |
| distribution of arginine vasotocin in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis. | the distribution of immunoreactive arginine vasotocin (avt-ir) was determined in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis. cells and fibers containing avt-ir were found in the medial septal region, lamina terminalis, lateral forebrain bundle, preoptic area, supraoptic nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, periventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and ventromedial nucleus of the thalamus. occasional avt-ir cells were found in the interpeduncular nucleus. fibers containing av ... | 1992 | 1600566 |
| the effects of light on cyclic nucleotide metabolism of isolated cone photoreceptors. | a procedure has been developed for the isolation of cone photoreceptors from the retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis in order to study the effects of dark- and light-adaptation on the cyclic nucleotide metabolism of these visual cells. incubation of the retina in n2 medium with hyaluronidase and dnaase allows us to obtain intact photoreceptors with good purity (85-90%), yields (greater than 2 x 10(5) cells per retina), and more than 95% of them excluding trypan blue. camp levels are 20-fold ... | 1992 | 1348477 |
| fine structure of cells in the young regenerating spinal cord of the lizard anolis carolinensis after h3-thymidine administration. | h3-thymidine was injected in a single dose into adult lizards anolis carolinensis during early stages of tail regeneration when the new tail measured in length 2-5 mm (about 3 weeks). electron microscopic autoradiography revealed that in the regenerating spinal cord three different cell types were recognizable four hours post-injection. by far the most common type was the ependymal cell. ependymal or roundish cells with clear electron-density or storing bundles of intermediate filaments were occ ... | 1992 | 1489867 |
| arginine vasotocin concentrations in the supraoptic nucleus of the lizard anolis carolinensis are associated with reproductive state but not oviposition. | arginine vasotocin (avt) is a neuropeptide involved in reproductive function in many nonmammalian vertebrates. we determined brain and plasma avt concentrations during the estrous cycle and oviposition in the lizard anolis carolinensis. there were no differences in avt concentrations in the plasma or any brain region during the ovipositional sequence. however, we found that females with an egg in each oviduct and a large pre-ovulatory follicle (diameter > 4.5 mm) in one-ovary had significantly h ... | 1992 | 1460444 |
| vitamin a2-based visual pigments in fully terrestrial vertebrates. | as part of a broad study of the ocular and extraocular photoreceptors of reptiles, we have used high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to identify the retinoids present in whole eye extracts of the arboreal lizard anolis carolinensis and the non-arboreal ruin lizard podarcis sicula. unexpectedly, only vitamin a2-derived chromophore was detected in anolis, while a mixture of vitamin a1- and vitamin a2-derived chromophores was detected in podarcis. these are the first examples of fully terr ... | 1992 | 1287997 |
| asymmetric distribution of melatonin receptors in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis. | the pineal hormone melatonin may regulate seasonal reproduction and entrainment of circadian rhythms by binding to specific brain receptors. an analysis of melatonin receptor distribution in the lizard brain revealed an asymmetry of melatonin binding in the diencephalon. a high degree of melatonin binding was present in the left habenular nucleus, but no binding was observed in the habenulum of the right brain hemisphere. it is intriguing that the left habenular nucleus, in contrast to the right ... | 1992 | 1333346 |
| choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoidea express receptors for vitamin d: differences between "seasonal" and "non-seasonal" breeders. | autoradiographic studies with [3h]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 demonstrated nuclear high affinity binding sites (receptors) in epithelial cells of choroid plexus, ependyma and arachnoid in "seasonal" breeders of various vertebrate phyla, namely xiphophorus helleri, hyla crucifer, xenopus laevis, bufo woodhousei, chrysemys scripta, anolis carolinensis, nerodia sipedon and phodopus sungorus, but vitamin d receptors were undetectable in these tissues in non-seasonal breeders, such as zebra finch, labor ... | 1992 | 1329147 |
| lack of effect of trh on alpha-msh release from the neurointermediate lobe of the lizard lacerta vivipara. | thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) is a potent stimulator of melanotropin (alpha-msh) release from pituitary melanotrophs in pig, frog, and fish. concurrently, it has recently been shown that injection of trh induces skin darkening in the lizard anolis carolinensis (licht and denver, 1988). in the present study, we have thus investigated in vitro the possible effect of trh on alpha-msh release from the lizard (lacerta vivipara) neurointermediate lobe, by means of the perifusion technique. using ... | 1992 | 1398012 |
| immature ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing lizards from the southeastern u.s.a. | preserved museum specimens of 13 lizard and 3 snake species common in the southeastern u.s.a. were examined for immature ixodes scapularis say ticks. five eumeces and 4 ophisaurus lizard species yielded an infestation prevalence of 17.8% for species of eumeces and 29.0% for species of ophisaurus. mean intensity of larvae and nymphs was 7.1 and 2.7, respectively, for species of eumeces, and 6.3 and 1.4, respectively, for species of ophisaurus. collection dates of the lizards ranged from january t ... | 1993 | 8410539 |
| lactate and glucose metabolism in mouse (mus musculus) and reptile (anolis carolinensis) skeletal muscle. | the reliance on anaerobic metabolism during exercise in lizards has been the subject of a growing body of literature in activity metabolism. prior studies have demonstrated that lizards rely more on postexercise lactate to regenerate depleted glycogen stores than do many mammals. these studies prompted an in vitro comparison between the metabolic mechanisms for the handling of lactate and glucose in the muscles of a small mammal and lizard. hindlimb muscles of mus and anolis were stimulated to f ... | 1993 | 8457001 |
| molecular characterization of the red visual pigment gene of the american chameleon (anolis carolinensis). | the red sensitive visual pigment of the american chameleon, anolis carolinensis, is unique in having absorption maximum some 50 nm further into the red than any other terrestrial vertebrate examined. we report here the isolation and sequence determination of the genomic dna clone for the anolis red visual pigment gene. phylogenetic analysis shows that this gene is most closely related to the gecko green and chicken red visual pigment genes. we identified nine anolis-specific amino acid replaceme ... | 1993 | 8500618 |
| gaba and glycine in retinal amacrine cells: combined golgi impregnation and immunocytochemistry. | golgi-impregnated amacrine cells in the all-cone lizard retina (anolis carolinensis) were characterized on the bases of dendritic and somatic criteria. four major cell categories, comprising 23 types were identified: three non-stratified, 13 monostratified, five bistratified, and two tristratified types. four of the cell types comprised two to four subtypes based on stratification of their dendrites within the inner plexiform layer (ipl). golgi impregnation strongly favoured monostratified amacr ... | 1993 | 7509492 |
| presence and foveal enrichment of rod opsin in the "all cone" retina of the american chameleon. | the retinal photoreceptors of the eye of the american chameleon, anolis carolinensis, have been considered to be exclusively cones. its retina is unusual for possessing two foveas (areas associated with heightened visual acuity), with the major, central fovea deeply incised and very densely packed with photoreceptors. immunoblotting and light- and electron microscopic-immunocytochemistry, using several opsin monoclonal antibodies previously found specific for rods, demonstrated the presence and ... | 1993 | 8291682 |
| effects of nightbreak, t-cycle, and resonance lighting schedules on the pineal melatonin rhythm of the lizard anolis carolinensis: correlations with the reproductive response. | experiments were conducted to determine if a correlation exists between any aspect of the pineal melatonin rhythm (such as its duration or phase) in the lizard anolis carolinensis and the reproductive response to photoperiod. the rhythm of pineal melatonin content was determined in anoles exposed to nightbreak lighting protocols (10l:5d:1l:8d, 10l:10d:1l:3d), resonance lighting cycles (ld 11:13, ld 11:25), and t-cycle lighting protocols (ld 11:7, ld 11:9, ld 11:13, ld 11:15, ld 11:19) and compar ... | 1993 | 8283387 |
| vitamin a2-based photopigments within the pineal gland of a fully terrestrial vertebrate. | fully terrestrial vertebrates were previously thought to exclusively employ vitamin a1 to generate visual pigments. however, recent studies on the visual system of the lizard anolis carolinensis have shown that its visual pigments are vitamin a2-based. this unexpected result prompted an investigation of the pineal photopigments in this species [13]. hplc analysis has shown that this extraretinal photoreceptor also exclusively utilizes a vitamin a2-derived chromophore. the adaptive significance o ... | 1993 | 8377952 |
| central and endocrine aspects of tongue-flicking and exploratory behavior in anolis carolinensis. | tongue-flicking in reptiles is frequently seen to increase in novel habitats and is presumed to involve the acquisition of chemical information. like most behavioral patterns, however, tongue-flicking has both multiple causes and multiple functions, only some of which involve chemosensation. this paper describes units of exploratory behavior, including use of the tongue, in a microsmatic lizard, the green anole, anolis carolinensis. this species employs its tongue in a manner suggestive of chemo ... | 1993 | 8477342 |
| peptides containing multiple photolabels: a new tool for the analysis of ligand-receptor interactions. reversible long-lasting stimulation and inhibition of msh receptors by multiple photocrosslinks with alpha-msh. | crosslinking of msh receptors on melanophores of the lizard anolis carolinensis with analogues of alpha-msh containing a photoreactive group in position 1, 7, 9 or 13 leads to long-lasting receptor stimulation. reversibility of this long-lasting stimulation is obtained by employing a disulfide-containing photoreactive group which can be cleaved from the receptor by thiol reagents [ref. 3]. when two photoreactive groups are simultaneously present on the alpha-msh molecule (e.g in positions 1 + 9; ... | 1993 | 8383756 |
| 3h-gaba administration during tail regeneration of lizards and autoradiographical localization. | thirteen lizards (anolis carolinensis and scincella lateralis) were injected with 3h-gaba (tritiated gamma-aminobutyric acid) in order to study its localization inside the regenerating tail spinal cord (sc) by means of light and electron microscopic autoradiography. one and three hours after intraperitoneal injection, the radioactivity was essentially localized in regenerating nerves and pale cells, mostly contacting the central canal of the sc as typical cerebrospinal-fluid-contacting-neurons ( ... | 1993 | 8376756 |
| circadian rhythm in the visual system of the lizard anolis carolinensis. | the electroretinogram (erg) was recorded from free-moving anolis lizards once per hour for 5 days. as in our previous work, the b-wave, but not the a-wave, showed a reliable circadian rhythm (cr) in amplitude, with an acrophase near projected noon. both the a- and b-waves showed a cr in peak time (implicit time, or it), with the a-wave it being longest near midnight, and the b-wave it at midday. acrophases were shifted when animals were housed on a phase-shifted light-dark cycle. the erg cr was ... | 1993 | 8369548 |
| immunofluorescent identification of endogenous neurotransmitter content in golgi-impregnated neurons. | a combined golgi-impregnation/immunocytochemistry procedure was developed to identify the endogenous neurotransmitter content of morphologically characterized neurons. golgi-impregnated retinal amacrine cells in the lizard anolis carolinensis were characterized morphologically in thick resin sections. cells of interest were remounted, resectioned at 1 micron thickness and subjected to a postembedding immunofluorescence procedure to visualize the amino acid neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric ac ... | 1993 | 7681517 |
| melatonin deacetylase activity in the pineal gland and brain of the lizards anolis carolinensis and sceloporus jarrovi. | melatonin modulates a variety of rhythmic processes in vertebrates, and is synthesized in both the retina and pineal gland. we have shown previously that retinal melatonin is deacetylated generating 5-methoxytryptamine, which is then deaminated by monoamine oxidase, producing 5-methoxyindoleacetic acid and 5-methoxytryptophol. this process occurs within the eyes of a variety of vertebrates including the iguanid lizard anolis carolinensis. to determine whether melatonin deacetylase activity also ... | 1994 | 7530349 |
| melanotropes of the lizard, anolis carolinensis, lack n-acetylating mechanisms for both alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin. | in order to determine whether anolis carolinensis intermediate pituitary cells have the capacity to n-acetylate either acth(1-13)nh2 or beta-endorphin during secretion, individual intermediate pituitary explants were incubated in dmem/co2 for 24 h at 28 degrees c. although alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-msh)- and beta-endorphin-related products were spontaneously released into the medium, none of these forms were n-acetylated. it appears that unlike most gnathostomes, a. carolinensi ... | 1994 | 8084383 |
| an analysis of the proopiomelanocortin systems in the pituitary of the squamate reptile lacerta galloti. | acid extracts of the pars intermedia of the squamate reptile lacerta galloti were screened for immunoreactive forms of proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-related end products following sephadex g-50 column chromatography. alpha-msh-sized end products were detected with a val-nh2, c-terminal-specific ria, and beta-endorphin-sized end products were detected with a separate c-terminal-directed ria. five peaks of alpha-msh-related immunoreactivity were isolated following fractionation by reversed-phase hplc ... | 1994 | 8194743 |
| somatic correlates of adrenergic activity during aggression in the lizard, anolis carolinensis. | aggressive interactions in anolis carolinensis result in increased circulating levels of epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (ne) and conspicuous color changes. this activation of the adrenergic component of an acute stress response is externally represented by the darkening of the postorbital eyespot of a. carolinensis. in adult males, this site darkens in response to stressful physical stimulation (trauma, passive restraint) or psychological stimuli, most notably the sight of an aggressively ... | 1994 | 8034280 |
| melatonin receptor distribution in the brain and retina of a lizard, anolis carolinensis. | melatonin binding sites were identified in the brain and retina of the lizard anolis carolinensis using in vitro autoradiography. radioactive labeling was observed in areas which receive primary, secondary, and tertiary visual input: the superficial layers of the optic tectum, lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus rotundus, dorsal ventricular ridge, and striatum. other areas that demonstrated binding included the left medial habenular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, medial cortex, dorsal cor ... | 1994 | 8306189 |
| cloning of the rhodopsin-encoding gene from the rod-less lizard anolis carolinensis. | the rhodopsin (rh) of the lizard anolis carolinensis has only been detected in the pineal gland which controls circadian rhythms [foster et al., j. comp. physiol. (1993) 33-45]. in the present study, we isolated and sequenced a genomic dna clone for the a. carolinensis rh gene. the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence revealed six a. carolinensis-specific replacements in conserved aa residues among vertebrate rhs. four out of these six replacements (s22n, n199h, e232a and t319m) reside outside the t ... | 1994 | 7959000 |
| paralogous origin of the rhodopsinlike opsin genes in lizards. | rhodopsinlike opsins constitute a distinct phylogenetic group (yokoyama 1994, mol. biol. evol. 11:32-39). this rh2 group includes the green-sensitive opsins in chicken and goldfish and the blue-sensitive opsin in a nocturnal lizard gecko. in the present study, we isolated and sequenced the genomic dna clones for the rh2 opsin gene, rh2ac, of the diurnal lizard anolis carolinensis. this single-copy gene spans 18.3 kb from start to stop codons, making it the longest opsin gene known in vertebrates ... | 1995 | 7643409 |
| 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 binding sites in the eye and associated tissues of the green lizard anolis carolinensis. | receptor autoradiography was used for the demonstration of specific binding of the tritiated steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in the eyes and associated tissues of anolis carolinensis. a 100-fold excess of non-labelled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 abolished specific nuclear binding of tracer. nuclear [3h]-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 binding was present in all animals in the retina stratum ganglionare and stratum nuclear externum as well as in the cornea; however, binding was absent in the optic ... | 1995 | 7591844 |
| development of the axial cartilaginous skeleton in the regenerating tail of lizards. | in order to study the pattern of growth of regenerating cartilage, h3-thymidine was injected in individuals of the lizards anolis carolinensis and lampropholis delicata during advanced stages of tail regeneration. light and electron microscopic autoradiographical analysis showed that the regenerating cartilaginous tube was mostly derived from the interstitial proliferation of chondroblasts. appositional growth is limited during the initial stages of cartilage formation. later, after the differen ... | 1995 | 7640411 |
| activation of central biogenic amines following aggressive interaction in male lizards, anolis carolinensis. | many stimuli, including social aggression, activate endocrine stress mechanisms, presumably mediated or modulated by central neurotransmitters. to determine the effects of aggression on central neurochemistry, reproductively active male anolis carolinensis were paired and allowed to establish social dominance relationships. while combatants cohabited, the fight losers invariably became socially subordinate and displayed darker color, selection of lower perch sites, and lower body posture than th ... | 1995 | 7663963 |
| observations on proliferating sheath cells in the regenerating nerves of lizard. | the proliferation of sheath cells (schwann and endoneurium) of growing nerves has been studied by autoradiography after 3h-thymidine administration to lizards (anolis carolinensis and lampropholis delicata) with regenerating tails. schwann cells of regenerating nerves derive from the multiplication of resident cells within the growing nerves, but labelled schwann cells derived from the regenerative blastema also appear to ensheath the new axons. endoneurium cells of growing nerves derive from th ... | 1996 | 8930638 |
| behavioral changes in anolis carolinensis following injection with fluoxetine. | eight adult male lizards of the genus and species anolis carolinensis were used in this experiment. in order to induce aggressive responding, animals were caged separately and daily underwent pairing with another male, during which aggressive responses and changes in skin color were measured. after obtaining a baseline measure of aggressive responding, animals were injected either with fluoxetine or vehicle-controls in a cross-over design. subjects were then exposed to five more days of (non dru ... | 1996 | 8864049 |
| light perception in the vertebrate brain: an ultrastructural analysis of opsin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons in iguanid lizards. | recent biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence indicates that a population of circadian and reproductive rhythm-entraining photoreceptors lies in the basal diencephalon of iguanid lizards. here, we report the results of correlated light and electron microscopy of opsin-immunoreactive cells in the basal brain, and we discuss their ultrastructural relationship to known photoreceptors. cerebrospinal fluid (csf)-contacting bipolar neurons in the lizards anolis carolinensis and iguana iguana were ... | 1996 | 8731227 |
| vitamin d target systems in the brain of the green lizard anolis carolinensis. | autoradiographic mapping criteria were employed to identify and localize specific high affinity binding sites (receptors) for the steroid hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25-d3) in the brain of anolis carolinensis. in female and male lizards binding of tritiated 1,25-d3 occurred in identical regions of the fore-, mid-, and hindbrain, similar to findings in other species. there was a band of intensely labeled neurons forming a continuum from the n. accumbens, n. striae terminalis, the striatum ... | 1996 | 8742055 |
| molecular differentiation of two new world saurian plasmodium species in different host species using the polymerase chain reaction. | several isolates of plasmodium floridense obtained from naturally infected anolis carolinensis and anolis sagrei, and 2 isolates of plasmodium chiricahuae obtained from sceloporus jarrovi were characterized at the ribosomal dna (rdna) locus using the polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis. enzymatic amplification of the rdna locus from both plasmodium species resulted in the generation of a 590-base pair (bp) dna fragment. the results obtained with all isolates of p. floridens ... | 1996 | 8604124 |
| reservoir competence of the southeastern five-lined skink (eumeces inexpectatus) and the green anole (anolis carolinensis) for borrelia burgdorferi. | the reservoir competence of two lizard species, the southeastern five-lined skink (eumeces inexpectatus) and the green anole (anolis carolinesis), for borrelia burgdorferi was evaluated. skinks and anoles were exposed by needle inoculation or tick bite to b. burgdorferi. xenodiagnosis with larval ixodes scapularis and culture of tissues were used to asses infection and the ability of infected lizards to infect attached ticks. both lizard species were susceptible to b. burgdorferi by both routes ... | 1996 | 8651379 |
| phylogenetic relationships among short wavelength-sensitive opsins of american chameleon (anolis carolinensis) and other vertebrates. | the vertebrate opsins have been classified into four major phylogenetic groups. one of them, a short wavelength-sensitive (sws) opsin group, is further divided into two subgroups, sws-i and sws-ii, having the wavelengths of maximal absorption of about 420 and 450 nm, respectively. here we report the dna sequences of the sws-i and sws-ii genes from the lizard anolis carolinensis. the shorter wavelengths of absorption by the two sws subgroup opsins seem to be achieved by different sets of amino ac ... | 1996 | 8917783 |
| protamines of reptiles. | we have characterized for the first time the complete primary structure of the main protamine components of the sperm from four reptiles: chrysemys picta (turtle), elaphe obsoleta (snake), anolis carolinensis (lizard), and alligator mississipiensis (crocodilian). these species were chosen to represent one of each of the main phylogenetic branches of this taxonomic group. comparison of these protamine sequences with those already available from other vertebrate groups allows us to define properly ... | 1996 | 8798564 |
| comparative biological activities of alpha-msh antagonists in vertebrate pigment cells. | we have previously reported that melatonin was an effective lightening agonist in the teleost synbranchus marmoratus, the amphibians rana pipiens and bufo ictericus, and in the lizard anolis carolinensis. the hormone, previously applied to the preparations, effectively inhibited alpha-msh darkening activity in a dose-independent manner, and was also able to reverse msh-induced darkening. we presently describe the inhibitory effect of the indoleamine on the murine melanoma cell proliferation. int ... | 1997 | 9073503 |
| expression of visual and nonvisual opsins in american chameleon. | we previously characterized five visual opsin genes of american chameleon (anolis carolinensis). here we report its nonvisual opsin gene orthologous to the chicken pineal gland-specific opsin (p-opsin) gene. in the pure-cone american chameleon retina, all visual opsins including rod opsin are expressed. in both pineal and parietal eye, three visual opsins as well as p-opsin are expressed. although opsins are detected in the pineal glands of a wide variety of vertebrates, southern analysis sugges ... | 1997 | 9274772 |
| immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) is detected only in the form of chicken gnrh-ii within the brain of the green anole, anolis carolinensis. | the presence of multiple forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) within a single brain is common among vertebrate species. in previous studies of reptiles, two forms of gnrh were isolated from the brain of alligators and the primary structure was determined to be that of chicken (c)gnrh-i and cgnrh-ii. gnrh has also been detected by indirect methods in other reptiles including turtles, lizards, and snakes. we used a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and radioimm ... | 1997 | 9356220 |
| female social reproductive roles affect central monoamines. | central monoamines display a variety of activation patterns in different social groups, and among males and females. we addressed three social conditions for female lizards of the species anolis carolinensis: isolated, paired with a mate, and in a group of 5 competing for one mate. among those in a group, only 1 or 2 females exhibited recrudescing ovaries. individuals paired with a mate (for one month) exhibited ovarian growth, isolated animals (initial controls) had quiescent ovaries. reproduct ... | 1997 | 9367258 |
| unilateral ovariectomy influences hypothalamic monoamine asymmetries in a lizard (anolis) that exhibits alternation of ovulation. | the lizard anolis carolinensis alternates ovulation, and the resultant ovarian asymmetry correlates with alternating asymmetry of hypothalamic catecholamines. unilateral and bilateral ovariectomies of cycling females were performed to determine if ovarian manipulations influence hypothalamic catecholamine asymmetries. during the middle of the ovarian cycle, we removed the larger ovary, i.e., the next one to ovulate an egg (n = 9), the smaller ovary with its corpus luteum (n = 8), or both ovaries ... | 1997 | 9356226 |
| effects of alcohol consumption on lateralized aggression in anolis carolinensis. | previous work has suggested that the lizard anolis carolinensis, like many other reptiles, has a functionally split brain. specifically, the left eye of this species projects primarily to the right hemisphere (and vice versa), there is no corpus callosum, and the physical placement of the eyes restricts their field(s) of vision to one region of hemispace. the current experiment used this preparation to examine the effect of alcohol administration and withdrawal on lateralized brain functioning d ... | 1997 | 9187319 |
| immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrhir) is associated with vestibular structures in the green anole (anolis carolinensis). | the distribution of immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrhir) in relation to endocrine and behavioral pathways is not well established for lizards. to more completely understand the gnrhir distribution and its possible function in a lizard, we investigated the brain of anolis carolinensis, a species whose visual courtship displays, mating postures and gonadal cycles are well known. using antisera that recognize multiple gnrh forms, we observed no gnrhir cells or fibers in the forebr ... | 1997 | 9288413 |
| androgen metabolism in the brain of the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis). | activities of the steroid metabolizing enzymes aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase have been documented in species ranging from fish to humans, yet relatively little work has been done in this area in reptiles. in the green anole lizard, anolis carolinensis, steroid hormones are critical to the display of both masculine and feminine sexual behaviors. for example, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone can stimulate both masculine courtship and copulatory behaviors, and estrogen and testosterone facili ... | 1997 | 9126473 |
| aromatase activity and regulation of sexual behaviors in the green anole lizard. | sexual behaviors in green anoles are regulated by steroid hormones. androgens activate the display of masculine courtship and copulatory behaviors, and estradiol activates feminine receptivity. testosterone can also facilitate receptivity in females. the present study was conducted to test the role of converting testosterone to estradiol (aromatization) in the regulation of sexual and aggressive behaviors. adult males and females were gonadectomized and implanted with a silastic capsule containi ... | 1998 | 9817587 |
| lateralized effects of ethanol on aggression and serotonergic systems in anolis carolinensis. | the lateralized effects of ethanol (etoh) upon behavior and monoamine biochemistry in the lizard, anolis carolinensis, were examined. eight adult male anoles consumed solutions of 19% ethanol (etoh) twice daily over the course of 18 days, while controls consumed water. etoh decreased the use of the left eye/right hemisphere, but not the right eye/left hemisphere, during territorial aggression (p<0.05). during crossover (i.e., etoh to water and vice versa) this effect was reversible and replicabl ... | 1998 | 9756991 |
| regional and temporal separation of serotonergic activity mediating social stress. | stressful aggressive interaction stimulates central serotonergic activation in telencephalon as well as brainstem. social roles can be distinguished by monoamine activity following aggression. pairs of male lizards, anolis carolinensis, were allowed to fight and form dominant/subordinate relationships. in micropunched regions of telencephalon, the greatest serotonergic changes occur in subordinate males. in hippocampal cortex and nucleus accumbens, subordinate males have increased 5-hydroxyindol ... | 1998 | 9740407 |
| sexual dimorphisms in the brainstem of the green anole lizard. | male green anoles (anolis carolinensis) court females by extending a bright red throat fan, called a dewlap. the dewlap is larger in males than in females who do not display the structure in the context of courtship. the ceratohyoid muscle and second ceratobranchial cartilage which control dewlap extension are significantly larger in male than in female anoles. neurons innervating the ceratohyoid muscle were retrogradely labeled by injecting the muscle with fast blue and were found to be located ... | 1998 | 9667808 |
| functional characterization of visual and nonvisual pigments of american chameleon (anolis carolinensis). | using only 11-cis 3, 4-dehydroretinal as a chromophore in the pure-cone retina, american chameleon (anolis carolinensis) detects a wide range of color from ultraviolet (uv) to infrared. we previously characterized its visual opsin genes sws1ac, sws2ac, rh1ac, rh2ac, and lwsac that encode sws1ac, sws2ac, rh1ac, rh2ac, and lwsac opsins, respectively, and the pineal gland-specific opsin (pac) gene. here we present the light absorption profiles of the visual pigments obtained by expressing these ops ... | 1998 | 9474373 |
| hemispheric control of territorial aggression in anolis carolinensis: effects of mild stress. | previous work has demonstrated that the brain of anolis carolinensis is functionally split, in that the left and right eyes project predominantly to the contralateral hemisphere, and as there are minimal connections between the left and right hemispheres. using this model, the current experiment examined the effect of mild acute stress on hemispheric regulation of territorial aggression. thirteen adult male anolis were paired with an antagonistic males, and eye use and behavioral responses were ... | 1998 | 9435969 |
| effects of serotonergic drugs on lateralized aggression and aggressive displays in anolis carolinensis. | previous work demonstrated that the brains of many reptiles, including the american chameleon anolis carolinensis (a. carolinensis), are functionally 'split'. because the left eye in this species projects predominantly to the right hemisphere, and vice versa, inferences about lateralized brain functioning can be made in a. carolinensis by observation of eye use during behavioral encounters. using this model, past work suggested that territorial aggression in anolis is under the preferential cont ... | 1998 | 9806442 |
| 3h-estradiol, 3h-testosterone and 3h-dihydrotestosterone localization in the brain of the lizard anolis carolinensis: an autoradiographic study. | the presence and the neuroanatomical topography of sex hormone concentrating cells in the brain of the american chameleon, anolis carolinensis have been demonstrated by these experiments. after 3h-estradiol administration large numbers of hormone concentrating cells were found in the amygdala, septum, medial preoptic area, anterior hypothalamic area, the ventromedial and periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, and anterior pituitary. in addition, labelled cells were found in the torus semici ... | 1998 | 500856 |
| ultrastructural contributions to an understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in lizard skin shedding with comments on the function and evolution of a unique lepidosaurian phenomenon. | previous reports on the fine structure of lizard epidermis are confirmed and extended by sem and tem observations of cell differentiation and the form of shed material from the american anole anolis carolinensis. attention is drawn to two issues: 1) the tips of the spinules arising from the mature oberhautchen are markedly curved; this morphology can be seen during differentiation; 2) the median keels of scales from all parts of the body show "naked" oberhautchen cells that lack characteristic s ... | 1998 | 29852669 |
| identification of renal podocytes in multiple species: higher vertebrates are vimentin positive/lower vertebrates are desmin positive. | we sought to characterize podocytes in the kidneys of numerous species from amphibians to mammals because of the pivotal function of these cells in renal diseases. for this purpose, intermediate filament (if) proteins of podocytes were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy using antibodies against vimentin, cytokeratins, and desmin. these staining patterns were then compared to those of parietal cells of bowman's capsule and tubular cells of the first portion of the proximal tubule from the ... | 1999 | 10090571 |
| the molecular genetics of red and green color vision in mammals. | to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of red-green color vision in mammals, we have cloned and sequenced the red and green opsin cdnas of cat (felis catus), horse (equus caballus), gray squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and guinea pig (cavia porcellus). these opsins were expressed in cos1 cells and reconstituted with 11-cis-retinal. the purified visual pigments of the cat, horse, squirrel, deer, and guinea pig have lambdamax values at 553, 545, 532, 531 ... | 1999 | 10511567 |
| potassium-induced secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the melanotrophs of the neurointermediate lobe of the lizard anolis carolinensis. | secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) from the melanotrophs of the neurointermediate lobe (nil) of the lizard anolis carolinensis was studied to investigate the role of membrane potential and extracellular calcium ions in the control of secretion in this species. msh secretion was monitored from perifused nils which had been in organ culture for 7-14 days prior to experiment to allow the nerve terminals present in the tissue to degenerate. elevation of the k(+) concentration in the p ... | 1999 | 10603277 |
| sexual dimorphisms in avian and reptilian courtship: two systems that do not play by mammalian rules. | sexual dimorphisms in the central nervous system exist in numerous vertebrate species, and in many cases these structural differences between males and females parallel differences in the display of reproductive behaviors. often both the behavioral and anatomical differences are controlled by exposure to gonadal steroid hormones, either during ontogeny or in adulthood. this article reviews some of the evidence supporting the hypothesis that in mammals, testosterone or its metabolites regulate th ... | 1999 | 10516401 |
| the temperature sensitivity of miniature endplate currents is mostly governed by channel gating: evidence from optimized recordings and monte carlo simulations. | the temperature dependence of miniature endplate current (mepc) amplitude (a(c)), 20-80% rise time (t(r)), and 90-33% fall-time (t(f)) was determined for lizard (anolis carolinensis) intercostal muscle using broadband extracellular (ec) and voltage clamp (vc) recordings. voltage clamp methods were optimized for the fast mepc rising phase using custom electronics. from 0-43 degrees c, a(c) increased by approximately 4.2-fold, while t(r) and t(f) decreased by approximately 3.6- and approximately 9 ... | 1999 | 10423463 |
| sexual dimorphisms in a neuromuscular system regulating courtship in the green anole lizard: effects of season and androgen treatment. | during the breeding season, male green anoles (anolis carolinensis) court females by extending a red throat fan called a dewlap. motoneurons controlling this sexually dimorphic behavior are located in two portions of the brain stem: (a) the vagal portion of nucleus ambiguus (ambx), and (b) the region containing the glossopharyngeal portion of nucleus ambiguus and the ventral motor nucleus of the facial nerve (ambix/viimv). these motoneurons project to the ceratohyoideus muscle via the ramus phar ... | 1999 | 10413450 |
| monoaminergic activities of limbic regions are elevated during aggression: influence of sympathetic social signaling. | a visual social signal inhibiting aggression is coincident with limiting serotonergic and noradrenergic activity in subiculum, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, medial amygdala, but not lateral amygdala, septum, and hypothalamus. darkening of postorbital skin in the lizard anolis carolinensis is stimulated by sympathetic activation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors via adrenal catecholamines, and occurs more rapidly in dominant males during social interaction. eyespot darkening functions as a social ... | 2000 | 10869515 |
| stress induces rapid changes in serotonergic activity: restraint and exertion. | rapid activation of central serotonergic systems occurs in response to the social stress of aggression in dominant lizards. the most rapid expression of serotonergic activity occurs in nucleus accumbens, hippocampus and brainstem. to compare previously measured responses induced by social stressors with those provoked by physical stress, serotonergic activity was examined following restraint stress (handling) and forced physical exertion. after handling, some male anolis carolinensis were placed ... | 2000 | 10840134 |
| arborization of dewlap motoneurons in the green anole lizard (anolis carolinensis) is not sexually dimorphic. | male anoles extend a bright red throat fan, called a dewlap, during both courtship and aggressive encounters. female anoles perform this behavior less often than males and only in aggression towards both sexes. the cartilage, muscle fibers, and motoneuron somata controlling the display are larger in males than females. in the present study, we used the golgi technique in an effort to characterize more completely the morphology of these dewlap motoneurons, and to investigate whether the dendritic ... | 2000 | 10704756 |
| serotonergic responses to corticosterone and testosterone in the limbic system. | glucocorticoids secreted peripherally during stressful events act on central monoaminergic systems. in particular, serotonergic mediation of social behavior, such as aggression and reproduction, may be affected by glucocorticoids. this study was undertaken to determine if systemically administered corticosterone would rapidly affect central monoaminergic activity. male anolis carolinensis (n = 8 each group) were injected intraperitoneally with 10 or 100 micrograms corticosterone, 10 micrograms t ... | 2000 | 10620431 |
| mammal-like striatal functions in anolis. ii. distribution of dopamine d(1) and d(2) receptors, and a laminar pattern of basal ganglia sub-systems. | we used in situ autoradiographic ligand binding methods to determine the occurrence and distribution of dopamine d(1) and d(2) receptor sub-types in the anole lizard, anolis carolinensis. both were present and exhibited pharmacological specificity characteristics similar to those described for mammals. however, unlike in mammals where in the neostriatum [outside the nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle complex (na/ot)] these receptors exhibit only slight dorsolateral (d(2) high, d(1) low) to ven ... | 2000 | 11251317 |
| mammal-like striatal functions in anolis. i. distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes, and absence of striosome and matrix organization. | serotonin (5-ht) 5-ht(2a) and 5-ht(2c) receptors are thought to play important roles in the mammalian striatum. as basal ganglia functions in general are thought highly conserved among amniotes, we decided to use in situ autoradiographic methods to determine the occurrence and distribution of pharmacologically mammal-like 5-ht(2a) and 5-ht(2c) receptors in the lizard, anolis carolinensis, with particular attention to the striatum. we also determined the distributions of 5-ht(1a), 5-ht(1b/d), 5 h ... | 2000 | 11251316 |
| visible sympathetic activity as a social signal in anolis carolinensis: changes in aggression and plasma catecholamines. | darkening of postorbital skin in anolis carolinensis occurs during stressful situations and is stimulated by sympathetic activation of beta(2)-adrenergic receptors via adrenal catecholamines. this eyespot forms more rapidly in dominant males during social interaction. eyespot darkening (green to black) appears to function as a social signal communicating sympathetic activation and limiting aggressive interaction. to assess the value of the eyespot as a social signal, males were painted postorbit ... | 2000 | 11038294 |
| differential binding affinities of pcbs, ho-pcbs, and aroclors with recombinant human, rainbow trout (onchorhynkiss mykiss), and green anole (anolis carolinensis) estrogen receptors, using a semi-high throughput competitive binding assay. | a comparative study was undertaken to assess the ability of 44 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), 9 hydroxylated pcbs (ho-pcbs), and 8 aroclors at concentrations ranging from 1 nm to 10 microm to compete with [3h]17beta-estradiol (e2) for binding to bacterially expressed fusion proteins using a semi-high throughput competitive-binding assay. the fusion proteins consisted of the d, e, and f domains of human (alpha), cloned reptilian (anolis carolinensis) and recloned rainbow trout (onchorhynkiss m ... | 2000 | 10696781 |
| differential estrogen receptor binding of estrogenic substances: a species comparison. | the study investigated the ability of 34 natural and synthetic chemicals to compete with [3h]17beta-estradiol (e2) for binding to bacterially expressed glutathione-s-transferase (gst)-estrogen receptors (er) fusion proteins from five different species. fusion proteins consisted of the er d, e and f domains of human alpha (gst-heralphadef), mouse alpha (gst-meralphadef), chicken (gst-cerdef), green anole (gst-aerdef) and rainbow trout ers (gst-rterdef). all five fusion proteins displayed high aff ... | 2000 | 11162928 |
| non-ltr retrotransposons encoding a restriction enzyme-like endonuclease in vertebrates. | all autonomous non-long terminal repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons reported to date in vertebrates encode an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-like enzyme necessary for target sequence cleavage and subsequent target-primed reverse transcription. we describe here vertebrate non-ltr retrotransposons encoding another type of endonuclease more related to type iis restriction enzymes. such retrotransposons have been detected until now only in trypanosomes, nematodes, and arthropods. the retrotranspo ... | 2001 | 11343131 |
| resistance of a lizard (the green anole, anolis carolinensis; polychridae) to ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression. | the green anole (anolis carolinensis) is the most northerly distributed of its neotropical genus. this lizard avoids a winter hibernation phase by the use of sun basking behaviors. inevitably, this species is exposed to high doses of ambient solar ultraviolet radiation (uvr). increases in terrestrial ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation secondary to stratospheric ozone depletion and habitat perturbation potentially place this species at risk of uvr-induced immunosuppression. daily exposure to subinfla ... | 2001 | 11460536 |
| the molecular genetics and evolution of red and green color vision in vertebrates. | to better understand the evolution of red-green color vision in vertebrates, we inferred the amino acid sequences of the ancestral pigments of 11 selected visual pigments: the lws pigments of cave fish (astyanax fasciatus), frog (xenopus laevis), chicken (gallus gallus), chameleon (anolis carolinensis), goat (capra hircus), and human (homo sapiens);and the mws pigments of cave fish, gecko (gekko gekko), mouse (mus musculus), squirrel (sciurus carolinensis), and human. we constructed these ancest ... | 2001 | 11545071 |
| experimental studies of adaptive differentiation in bahamian anolis lizards. | populations of the lizards anolis carolinensis and a. sagrei were experimentally introduced onto small islands in the bahamas. less than 15 years after introduction, we investigated whether the populations had diverged and, if so, whether differentiation was related to island vegetational characteristics or propagule size. no effect of founding population size was evident, but differentiation of a. sagrei appears to have been adaptive, a direct relationship existed between how vegetationally dif ... | 2001 | 11838778 |
| developmental effects of testosterone on behavior in male and female green anoles (anolis carolinensis). | this study addressed the role of testosterone (t) in the development of sexually dimorphic behavior in the green anole lizard, anolis carolinensis. we documented the pattern of endogenous t concentrations during ontogeny and we determined the behavioral effects of experimentally elevated t in juvenile males and females. t concentrations were measured in the plasma of hatchlings from eggs incubated in the laboratory, in juveniles of all sizes sampled in the field, and in the yolks of freshly laid ... | 2001 | 11243741 |
| descriptions of the mature spermatozoa of the lizards crotaphytus bicinctores, gambelia wislizenii (crotaphytidae), and anolis carolinensis (polychrotidae) (reptilia, squamata, iguania). | the spermatozoa of crotaphytus bicinctores and gambelia wislizenii (crotaphytidae), and anolis carolinensis (polychrotidae) exhibit the squamate autapomorphies of a single perforatorium extending anteriorly from the apical tip of the paracrystalline subacrosomal cone, the presence of an epinuclear electron-lucent region, and extension of the fibrous sheath into the midpiece. crotaphytid sperm differ from those of polychrotids in several respects, including: the structure of the perforatorium, th ... | 2001 | 11223926 |