Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| epizootiologic investigations of selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging eurasian lynx from sweden. | serum samples from 106 eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) from across sweden, found dead or shot by hunters in 1993-99, were investigated for presence of antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophila, and for feline leukemia virus antigen. in addition, tissue samples from 22 lynx submitted in 1999 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect nucl ... | 2005 | 15827211 |
| targeting non-human coronaviruses to human cancer cells using a bispecific single-chain antibody. | to explore the potential of using non-human coronaviruses for cancer therapy, we first established their ability to kill human tumor cells. we found that the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and a felinized murine hepatitis virus (fmhv), both normally incapable of infecting human cells, could rapidly and effectively kill human cancer cells artificially expressing the feline coronavirus receptor aminopeptidase n. also 3-d multilayer tumor spheroids established from such cells were effec ... | 2005 | 15843808 |
| acquisition of macrophage tropism during the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis is determined by mutations in the feline coronavirus spike protein. | in feline coronavirus (fcov) pathogenesis, the ability to infect macrophages is an essential virulence factor. whereas the low-virulence feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) isolates primarily replicate in the epithelial cells of the enteric tract, highly virulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) isolates have acquired the ability to replicate efficiently in macrophages, which allows rapid dissemination of the virulent virus throughout the body. fipv 79-1146 and fecv 79-1683 are two genet ... | 2005 | 16254347 |
| sensitivity of tru-cut and fine needle aspiration biopsies of liver and kidney for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. | the detection of typical lesions and feline coronavirus (fcov) antigen in tissues is the only conclusive method for making a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). a positive result using tru-cut biopsy (tcb) and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (fnab) has high diagnostic specificity, but information about the capacity of these techniques to correctly identify cats with fip lesions is not available. | 2005 | 16270262 |
| identification of a feline coronavirus type i strain from a cat with feline infectious peritonitis by rt-pcr and phylogenetic analysis. | a case of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in an 11-month-old european shorthair cat is reported. the infected cat displayed loss of weight, respiratory distress, ascitis, anemia and died within 15 days after the first appearance of clinical signs. lesions typical of a mixed form (effusive and non-effusive) of fip were observed and by rt-pcr a feline coronavirus (fcov) type i strain was detected in several tissues. the rt-pcr results were confirmed by sequence analysis of the amplified produc ... | 2005 | 16035257 |
| replication of feline coronaviruses in peripheral blood monocytes. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) (coronaviridae) causes the most lethal viral infection in cats: fip. the related feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) causes mild enteritis. why these feline coronaviruses manifest so differently in vivo is not known. in this study, infection kinetics (titres and antigen expression) of fipv 79-1146, and fecv 79-1683, were determined in peripheral blood monocytes from 3 donor cats and compared to those in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. the infection k ... | 2005 | 16052283 |
| cutaneous lesions associated with coronavirus-induced vasculitis in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis and concurrent feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | this report describes a clinical case of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) with multisystemic involvement, including multiple nodular cutaneous lesions, in a cat that was co-infected with feline coronavirus and feline immunodeficiency virus. the skin lesions were caused by a pyogranulomatous-necrotising dermal phlebitis and periphlebitis. immunohistology demonstrated the presence of coronavirus antigen in macrophages within these lesions. the pathogenesis of fip involves a viral associated, di ... | 2005 | 16055009 |
| cellular composition and interferon-gamma expression of the local inflammatory response in feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is one of the most important viral diseases of cats. international studies estimate that approximately 80% of all purebred cats are infected with the causative agent, feline coronavirus (fcov). out of these, 5-12% develop clinical symptoms of fip. the pathogenesis of the disease is complex with many unresolved issues relating to the role of the immune system. the aim of the present study was to determine the proportions of various inflammatory cell types in fi ... | 2005 | 16183217 |
| coronaviruses as vectors: stability of foreign gene expression. | coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded rna viruses considered to be promising vectors for vaccine development, as (i) genes can be deleted, resulting in attenuated viruses; (ii) their tropism can be modified by manipulation of their spike protein; and (iii) heterologous genes can be expressed by simply inserting them with appropriate coronaviral transcription signals into the genome. for any live vector, genetic stability is an essential requirement. however, little is known about the ge ... | 2005 | 16188977 |
| feline coronavirus serotypes 1 and 2: seroprevalence and association with disease in switzerland. | to determine the prevalence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (fcov) serotypes 1 and 2 in switzerland and their association with different disease manifestations, a serological study based on immunofluorescence tests was conducted with swiss field cats using transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), fcov type 1 and fcov type 2 as antigens. a total of 639 serum samples collected in the context of different studies from naturally infected cats were tested. the current study revealed that, with ... | 2005 | 16210485 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| genomic rna sequence of feline coronavirus strain fipv wsu-79/1146. | a consensus sequence of the feline coronavirus (fcov) (strain fipv wsu-79/1146) genome was determined from overlapping cdna fragments produced by rt-pcr amplification of viral rna. the genome was found to be 29 125 nt in length, excluding the poly(a) tail. analysis of the sequence identified conserved open reading frames and revealed an overall genome organization similar to that of other coronaviruses. the genomic rna was analysed for putative cis-acting elements and the pattern of subgenomic m ... | 2005 | 16033972 |
| cutaneous lesions associated with feline coronavirus, fip, and fiv. | 2006 | 32288431 | |
| detection of feline coronavirus using microcantilever sensors. | this work demonstrated the feasibility of detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus (sars-cov) using microcantilever technology by showing that the feline coronavirus (fip) type i virus can be detected by a microcantilever modified by feline coronavirus (fip) type i anti-viral antiserum. a microcantilever modified by fip type i anti-viral antiserum was developed for the detection of fip type i virus. when the fip type i virus positive sample is injected into the fluid ce ... | 2006 | 32288326 |
| plagues and adaptation: lessons from the felidae models for sars and aids. | research studies of infectious disease outbreaks in wild species of the cat family felidae have revealed unusual details regarding forces that shape population survival and genetic resistance in these species. a highly virulent feline coronavirus epidemic in african cheetahs, a disease model for human sars, illustrates the critical role of ancestral population genetic variation. widespread prevalence of species specific feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a relative of hiv-aids, occurs with lit ... | 2006 | 32226081 |
| natural fcov infection: cats with fip exhibit significantly higher viral loads than healthy infected cats. | natural feline coronavirus (fcov) infection has been shown to not only induce intestinal infection with viral shedding, but also systemic infection which either remains without clinical signs or leads to feline infectious peritonitis (fip). as systemic infection is not the key event in the development of fip, the question arises as to whether a potential difference in viral load might be of importance. therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantitatively assess feline coronavirus (fcov) rn ... | 2006 | 16213766 |
| ultrastructure of sars-cov, fipv, and mhv revealed by electron cryomicroscopy. | 2006 | 17037527 | |
| analysis of the n protein in feline coronavirus strains in italy. | 2006 | 17037568 | |
| the relationship of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus with avian and other coronaviruses. | in february 2003, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) emerged in humans in guangdong province, china, and caused an epidemic that had severe impact on public health, travel, and economic trade. coronaviruses are worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and extremely difficult to control because they have extensive genetic diversity, a short generation time, and a high mutation rate. they can cause respiratory, enteric, and in some cases hepatic and neurological diseas ... | 2006 | 17039827 |
| factors associated with pathogen seroprevalence and infection in rocky mountain cougars. | serological and genetic material collected over 15 years (1990-2004) from 207 cougars (puma concolor) in four populations in the rocky mountains were examined for evidence of current or prior exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus (fcov), feline calicivirus (fcv), canine distemper virus (cdv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and yersinia pestis. serologic data were analyzed for annual variation in seroconversions to assess whether these pathogens a ... | 2006 | 17092891 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |
| pyridine n-oxide derivatives are inhibitory to the human sars and feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus in cell culture. | evaluation of a wide variety of pyridine n-oxide derivatives on their inhibitory activity against feline coronavirus (fipv strain) and human sars-cov (frankfurt strain-1) in cell culture. | 2006 | 16387746 |
| the prevalence of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs in japan. | canine coronavirus (ccov) has been reported to cause acute diarrhea mainly in young pups. ccov and feline coronavirus are classified as group 1 coronaviruses. however, it has recently been reported in the united kingdom that the group 2 coronavirus gene, which is more closely related to the bovine coronavirus (bcov) and human coronavirus strain oc43, has been detected in respiratory tract tissue samples from dogs with respiratory disease. in this study, we examined the prevalence of antibodies t ... | 2006 | 16462112 |
| prevalence of antibodies against feline coronavirus and chlamydophila felis in swedish cats. | serum samples from 214 swedish cats with no signs of infectious disease were analysed for the presence of antibodies against chlamydophila felis (cp felis), while 209 of these were also analysed for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. the prevalence of antibodies against cp felis was 11%, with no significant difference between purebred and mixed breed cats. the overall prevalence of antibodies against fcov was 31%, significantly higher among pure breed cats (65%) than among mixed breed cats (1 ... | 2006 | 16476560 |
| the relationship between the feline coronavirus antibody titre and the age, breed, gender and health status of australian cats. | to investigate the relationship between feline coronavirus (fcov) antibody titres and age, breed, gender and health status of australian cats | 2006 | 16498826 |
| molecular characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ece) in ferrets. | a novel coronavirus, designated as ferret enteric coronavirus (fecv), was identified in feces of domestic ferrets clinically diagnosed with epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ece). initially, partial sequences of the polymerase, spike, membrane protein, and nucleocapsid genes were generated using coronavirus consensus pcr assays. subsequently, the complete sequences of the nucleocapsid gene and the last two open reading frames at the 3' terminus of the fecv genome were obtained. phylogenetic analyse ... | 2006 | 16499943 |
| seroprevalence study of feline coronavirus in owned and feral cats in sydney, australia. | i) to establish the seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (fcov) infection in two defined groups of cats in sydney: owned and feral cats; ii) to identify factors associated with an increased risk of infection with fcov; and iii) to establish the seroprevalence and fcov antibody titres of owned cats with immunohistochemically confirmed feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | 2006 | 16555552 |
| analysis of genetic mutations in the 7a7b open reading frame of coronavirus of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | to analyze the 7a7b genes of the feline coronavirus (fcov) of cheetahs, which are believed to play a role in virulence of this virus. | 2006 | 16579755 |
| detection of feline infectious peritonitis virus-like antigen in ferrets. | 2006 | 16617048 | |
| natural feline coronavirus infection: differences in cytokine patterns in association with the outcome of infection. | natural and experimental feline coronavirus (fcov) infection leads to systemic viral spread via monocyte-associated viraemia and induces systemic proliferation of monocytes/macrophages. in the majority of naturally infected animals, fcov infection remains subclinical and is associated with generalised b and t cell hyperplasia, but no other pathological findings. a minority of cats, however, develop feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a fatal systemic granulomatous disease. this is generally acc ... | 2006 | 16621029 |
| inhibition of feline (fipv) and human (sars) coronavirus by semisynthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics. | various semisynthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics including vancomycin, eremomycin, teicoplanin, ristocetin a and da-40926 have been evaluated for their inhibitory activity against feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) and human (sars-cov, frankfurt-1 strain) coronavirus in cell culture in comparison with their activity against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). several glycopeptide derivatives modified with hydrophobic substituents showed selective antiviral activity. for the ... | 2006 | 16675038 |
| feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected monocytes internalize viral membrane-bound proteins upon antibody addition. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) may cause a highly lethal infection in cats, in spite of a usually strong humoral immune response. antibodies seem unable to identify infected cells and mediate antibody-dependent cell lysis. in this study, the effect of antibodies on feline coronavirus (fcov)-infected monocytes was investigated. upon addition of fcov-specific antibodies, surface-expressed viral proteins were internalized through a highly efficient process, resulting in cells without vi ... | 2006 | 16690934 |
| whole blood cytokine profiles in cats infected by feline coronavirus and healthy non-fcov infected specific pathogen-free cats. | in this study, the cytokine profiles of clinically healthy cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (fcov), of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) and of specific pathogen-free (spf) cats were investigated in whole blood using a traditional reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay and a semi-quantitative method of analysis based on computerised quantification of positive bands. the low inter-assay coefficient of variation recorded demonstrated that this met ... | 2006 | 16777454 |
| m gene analysis of atypical strains of feline and canine coronavirus circulating in an austrian animal shelter. | coronavirus-positive samples of faeces collected in an austrian animal shelter from 12 cats and 10 dogs were analysed by reverse transcriptase-pcr with primers amplifying a segment of the m protein gene, and by sequence analysis. in addition, the samples were subjected to s gene typing, using primers that differentiated between feline coronavirus (fcov) types i and ii. a phylogenetic analysis of the m gene sequences revealed not only clearly segregating canine coronavirus (ccov) in the dogs, typ ... | 2006 | 16891424 |
| sybr green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for the generic detection of coronaviruses. | coronaviruses are etiologic agents of respiratory and enteric diseases in humans and in animals. in this study, a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay based on sybr green chemistry and degenerate primers was developed for the generic detection of coronaviruses. the primers, designed in the open reading frame 1b, enabled the detection of 32 animal coronaviruses including strains of canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, transmissible gastroenteritis v ... | 2007 | 16941059 |
| mutational analysis of aminopeptidase n, a receptor for several group 1 coronaviruses, identifies key determinants of viral host range. | feline coronavirus (fcov), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev), canine coronavirus (ccov), and human coronavirus hcov-229e, which belong to the group 1 coronavirus, use aminopeptidase n (apn) of their natural host and feline apn (fapn) as receptors. using mouse-feline apn chimeras, we identified three small, discontinuous regions, amino acids (aa) 288 to 290, aa 732 to 746 (called r1), and aa 764 to 788 (called r2) in fapn that determined the host ranges of these coronavirus ... | 2007 | 17093189 |
| absence of surface expression of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) antigens on infected cells isolated from cats with fip. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) positive cells are present in pyogranulomas and exudates from cats with fip. these cells belong mainly to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. how these cells survive in immune cats is not known. in this study, fipv positive cells were isolated from pyogranulomas and exudates of 12 naturally fipv-infected cats and the presence of two immunologic targets, viral antigens and mhc i, on their surface was determined. the majority of the infected cells were confi ... | 2007 | 17188823 |
| molecular characterisation of the virulent canine coronavirus cb/05 strain. | this paper characterises a virulent strain (cb/05) of canine coronavirus (ccov) isolated from the internal organs of pups that had died of a systemic disease without evidence of other common canine pathogens. high viral rna titres were detected in the internal organs by a real-time rt-pcr assay specific for ccov type ii. sequence analysis of the 3' end (8.7kb) of the genomic rna of strain cb/05 revealed conserved structural as well as non-structural proteins, with the exception of a truncated fo ... | 2007 | 17275120 |
| serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp) concentration in non-symptomatic cats with feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. | previous studies have demonstrated that the concentration of alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp) transiently increases in asymptomatic cats infected with feline coronavirus (fcov). in order to establish whether these fluctuations depend on the fcov status, the serum concentration of agp and anti-fcov antibody titres and/or faecal shedding of fcovs in clinically healthy cats from catteries with different levels of prevalence of fcov infection were monitored over time. serum agp concentrations fluctuat ... | 2007 | 17344083 |
| genomic rna sequence of feline coronavirus strain fcov c1je. | this paper reports the first genomic rna sequence of a field strain feline coronavirus (fcov). viral rna was isolated at post mortem from the jejunum and liver of a cat with feline infectious peritonitis (fip). a consensus sequence of the jejunum-derived genomic rna (fcov c1je) was determined from overlapping cdna fragments produced by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification. rt-pcr products were sequenced by a reiterative sequencing strategy and the genomic rna te ... | 2007 | 17363313 |
| tnf-alpha, produced by feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv)-infected macrophages, upregulates expression of type ii fipv receptor feline aminopeptidase n in feline macrophages. | the pathogenicity of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is known to depend on macrophage tropism, and this macrophage infection is enhanced by mediation via anti-s antibody (antibody-dependent enhancement, ade). in this study, we found that tnf-alpha production was increased with viral replication in macrophages inoculated with a mixture of fipv and anti-s antibody, and demonstrated that this culture supernatant had feline pbmc apoptosis-inducing activity. we also demonstrated that the e ... | 2007 | 17382365 |
| plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle. | we describe the antiviral activity of plant lectins with specificity for different glycan structures against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) in vitro. the sars-cov emerged in 2002 as an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in humans, and fipv infection causes a chronic and often fatal peritonitis in cats. a unique collection of 33 plant lectins with different specificities were evaluated. the p ... | 2007 | 17428553 |
| critical assessment of the diagnostic value of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein for feline infectious peritonitis using the likelihood ratios approach. | alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (agp) increases in the blood of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a lethal disease caused by feline coronavirus (fcov). however, the diagnostic potential of agp might be limited because agp also increases in pathophysiological conditions other than fip. in this retrospective study, the diagnostic potential of serum agp concentration was evaluated on the basis of the pretest probability of disease, according to the bayesian approach. serum agp levels from ca ... | 2007 | 17459855 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| porcine aminopeptidase n is a functional receptor for the pedv coronavirus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets that leads to great economic losses in east asia. it was reported that aminopeptidase n (apn) is the receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and feline coronavirus (fecov) which all belong to group i coronavirus including as well as pedv. it was also confirmed previously that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) can bind to pedv, and anti-papn antibodies may inhibit the combina ... | 2007 | 17467767 |
| the detection of feline coronaviruses in blood samples from cats by mrna rt-pcr. | in this study, 26 blood samples were collected from 25 healthy cats and one cat with clinical signs suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), namely, fever, weight loss, enlarged abdomen, and ascites. blood samples were tested for feline coronavirus (fcov) messenger rna (mrna) by an reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay which has previously been described to have a high specificity in the diagnosis of clinical fip [simons af, vennema h, rofina je, pol jm, horzin ... | 2007 | 17478116 |
| type i feline coronavirus spike glycoprotein fails to recognize aminopeptidase n as a functional receptor on feline cell lines. | there are two types of feline coronaviruses that can be distinguished by serology and sequence analysis. type i viruses, which are prevalent in the field but are difficult to isolate and propagate in cell culture, and type ii viruses, which are less prevalent but replicate well in cell culture. an important determinant of coronavirus infection, in vivo and in cell culture, is the interaction of the virus surface glycoprotein with a cellular receptor. it is generally accepted that feline aminopep ... | 2007 | 17485536 |
| differentiation of feline coronavirus type i and ii infections by virus neutralization test. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is divided into two types i and ii, based on their growth in vitro and antigenicity. in this study, virus neutralization (vn) test was applied for type differentiation of fcov infections. sera of cats which were clinically and serologically diagnosed as feline infectious peritonitis (fip) possessed significantly higher vn titers to type i fcov, and sera from cats experimentally infected with fipv type ii had high vn titers to type ii but not type i viruses. a total of 7 ... | 2007 | 17543480 |
| attachment and internalization of feline infectious peritonitis virus in feline blood monocytes and crandell feline kidney cells. | in this study, kinetics of attachment and internalization of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) serotype i strain black and serotype ii strain 79-1146 were determined in feline monocytes from two cats and in crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells. attached fipv i (black) particles were observed on almost all monocytes. within 1 h, 17 particles were bound per cell and, within 1 min, 89 % of the bound particles were internalized. for fipv ii (79-1146), attachment was observed on 66 and 95 % o ... | 2007 | 17698663 |
| the carbohydrate-binding plant lectins and the non-peptidic antibiotic pradimicin a target the glycans of the coronavirus envelope glycoproteins. | many enveloped viruses carry carbohydrate-containing proteins on their surface. these glycoproteins are key to the infection process as they are mediators of the receptor binding and membrane fusion of the virion with the host cell. therefore, they are attractive therapeutic targets for the development of novel antiviral therapies. recently, carbohydrate-binding agents (cba) were shown to possess antiviral activity towards coronaviruses. the current study further elucidates the inhibitory mode o ... | 2007 | 17704516 |
| effect of feline interferon-omega on the survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. | there is no therapy with proven efficacy to treat cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | 2007 | 18196725 |
| evaluation of real-time rt-pcr for the quantification of fcov shedding in the faeces of domestic cats. | faecal samples were taken from cats living in multi-cat households with endemic feline coronavirus (fcov) infection. total rna was extracted from faecal suspensions and fcov rna was quantified using a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay. the real-time rt-pcr threshold cycle (c(t)) values were consistently high suggesting that the samples contained very little viral rna. however, experiments in which rna extracted from fcov-infected cell culture supernatants w ... | 2008 | 18243744 |
| analysis of the mechanism of antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: aminopeptidase n is not important and a process of acidification of the endosome is necessary. | infection of the monocyte/macrophage lineage with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is enhanced in the presence of anti-fipv antibodies (antibody-dependent enhancement or ade). we investigated the following unclear points concerning ade of fipv infection: (i) involvement of the virus receptor, feline aminopeptidase n (fapn), in ade activity in fipv infection; (ii) necessity of acidification of the endosome in cellular invasion of fipv. virus receptor-blocking experiments using anti-fapn ... | 2008 | 18343845 |
| treatment of cats with feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) infection resulting in clinical signs is invariably fatal despite clinical intervention. as fip is an immune-mediated disease, treatment is mainly aimed at controlling the immune response triggered by the infection with the feline coronavirus (fcov). immune suppressive drugs such as prednisone or cyclophosphamide may slow disease progression but do not produce a cure. in nearly every published case report of attempted therapy for clinical fip, glucocorticoids ... | 2008 | 18395801 |
| cleavage of group 1 coronavirus spike proteins: how furin cleavage is traded off against heparan sulfate binding upon cell culture adaptation. | a longstanding enigmatic feature of the group 1 coronaviruses is the uncleaved phenotype of their spike protein, an exceptional property among class i fusion proteins. here, however, we show that some group 1 coronavirus spike proteins carry a furin enzyme recognition motif and can actually be cleaved, as demonstrated for a feline coronavirus. interestingly, this feature can be lost during cell culture adaptation by a single mutation in the cleavage motif; this, however, preserves a heparan sulf ... | 2008 | 18400867 |
| manipulation of the coronavirus genome using targeted rna recombination with interspecies chimeric coronaviruses. | targeted rna recombination has proven to be a powerful tool for the genetic engineering of the coronavirus genome, particularly in its 3' part. here we describe procedures for the generation of recombinant and mutant mouse hepatitis virus and feline infectious peritonitis virus. key to the two-step method is the efficient selection of recombinant viruses based on host cell switching. the first step consists of the preparation---using this selection principle--of an interspecies chimeric coronavi ... | 2008 | 19057874 |
| coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is a cap-0 binding enzyme possessing (nucleoside-2'o)-methyltransferase activity. | the coronavirus family of positive-strand rna viruses includes important pathogens of livestock, companion animals, and humans, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that was responsible for a worldwide outbreak in 2003. the unusually complex coronavirus replicase/transcriptase is comprised of 15 or 16 virus-specific subunits that are autoproteolytically derived from two large polyproteins. in line with bioinformatics predictions, we now show that feline coronavirus (fcov) ... | 2008 | 18417574 |
| detection of antigenic heterogeneity in feline coronavirus nucleocapsid in feline pyogranulomatous meningoencephalitis. | a new monoclonal antibody (mab), ccv2-2, was compared with the widely used fipv3-70 mab, both directed against canine coronavirus (ccov), as a diagnostic and research tool. western blot showed that both anti-ccov mabs only reacted with a protein of 50 kd, a weight consistent with the feline coronavirus (fcov) viral nucleocapsid. a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the 2 recognized epitopes are distinct. preincubation of ccv2-2 mab with fcov antigen suppressed t ... | 2008 | 18424826 |
| pathogenesis of feline enteric coronavirus infection. | fifty-one specific pathogen-free (spf) cats 10 weeks to 13 years of age were infected with a cat-to-cat fecal-oral passed strain of feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). clinical signs ranged from unapparent to a mild and self-limiting diarrhea. twenty-nine of these cats were fecv naïve before infection and followed sequentially for fecal virus shedding and antibody responses over a period of 8-48 months. fecal shedding, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) from rectal swab ... | 2008 | 18538604 |
| differential role for low ph and cathepsin-mediated cleavage of the viral spike protein during entry of serotype ii feline coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a terminal disease of cats caused by systemic infection with a feline coronavirus (fcov). fcov biotypes that cause fip are designated feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), and are distinguished by their ability to infect macrophages and monocytes. antigenically similar to their virulent counterparts are fcov biotypes designated feline enteric coronavirus (fecv), which usually cause only mild enteritis and are unable to efficiently infect macrophages a ... | 2008 | 18606506 |
| association between faecal shedding of feline coronavirus and serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein sialylation. | the sialylation pattern of serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp) in non-symptomatic cats infected by feline coronavirus (fcov) and its possible relationship with the amount of fcovs shed in faeces were investigated. blood from three specific pathogen-free cats (group a) and from 10 non-symptomatic fcov-positive cats from catteries with low (group b, three cats) or high (group c, seven cats) levels of faecal shedding were collected monthly. agp was purified from serum and western blotting followed ... | 2008 | 18701332 |
| clathrin- and caveolae-independent entry of feline infectious peritonitis virus in monocytes depends on dynamin. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a coronavirus that causes a lethal chronic disease in cats, enters feline monocytes via endocytosis. in this study, the pathway of internalization is characterized by evaluating the effect of chemical inhibitors and/or expression of dominant-negative (dn) proteins on the percentage of internalized virions per cell and infection. further, co-localization studies were performed to determine the involvement of certain cellular internalization proteins. fi ... | 2008 | 18753224 |
| evaluation of antibodies against feline coronavirus 7b protein for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis in cats. | to determine whether expression of feline coronavirus (fcov) 7b protein, as indicated by the presence of specific serum antibodies, consistently correlated with occurrence of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in cats. | 2008 | 18764691 |
| spinal cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent cat. | this report describes an unusual case of primary cryptococcoma in the proximal thoracic spinal cord of an 11-year-old immunocompetent cat from a farm on which there were large numbers of pigeons. this animal was referred for examination with progressive paralysis and shown to be free from feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus, feline coronavirus and toxoplasma gondii. it died 2 months later. at necropsy, the only lesion detected was a malacic area, 4cm in length, in the spinal co ... | 2008 | 18783789 |
| utilization of dc-sign for entry of feline coronaviruses into host cells. | the entry and dissemination of viruses in several families can be mediated by c-type lectins such as dc-sign. we showed that entry of the serotype ii feline coronavirus strains feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) wsu 79-1146 and df2 into nonpermissive mouse 3t3 cells can be rescued by the expression of human dc-sign (hdc-sign) and that infection of a permissive feline cell line (crandall-reese feline kidney) was markedly enhanced by the overexpression of hdc-sign. treatment with mannan co ... | 2008 | 18799586 |
| surface-expressed viral proteins in feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected monocytes are internalized through a clathrin- and caveolae-independent pathway. | infection with feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a feline coronavirus, frequently leads to death in spite of a strong humoral immune response. in previous work, we reported that infected monocytes, the in vivo target cells of fipv, express viral proteins in their plasma membranes. these proteins are quickly internalized upon binding of antibodies. as the cell surface is cleared from viral proteins, internalization might offer protection against antibody-dependent cell lysis. here, the ... | 2008 | 18931069 |
| development of a nucleocapsid-based human coronavirus immunoassay and estimates of individuals exposed to coronavirus in a u.s. metropolitan population. | coronaviruses cause respiratory infections ranging from common colds to severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in humans. estimates for exposure to non-sars coronaviruses are high, particularly for 229e and oc43; however, less information regarding seroprevalence is available for hku1 and nl63. to measure exposure rates to these four coronavirus strains (229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43), we devised an immunoassay based on amino- and carboxy-terminally tagged recombinant coronavirus nucleocapsid ant ... | 2008 | 18945884 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement occurs upon re-infection with the identical serotype virus in feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is classified into serotype i and serotype ii according to the amino acid sequence of its spike(s) protein. antibody dependent enhancement (ade) of macrophage infection occurs in the presence of antibodies to fipv s protein, and a close relationship between ade and neutralizing epitopes has been reported. the importance of differences in fipv serotype on the induction of ade remains unclear. in this study, we investigated whether the same or different s ... | 2008 | 19122397 |
| evaluation of the association of bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. | gingivostomatitis (gs) is a significant condition in cats because of oral discomfort and associated periodontal disease. several infectious agents have been associated with the presence of gs, but a causal relationship is unclear. the cats in this study were housed together, had a history of flea exposure, and were vaccinated with a modified live fvrcp product. there were nine cats with active gs and 36 unaffected cats at the time of sample collection. serum was tested for feline leukemia virus ... | 2008 | 17766156 |
| genome organization and reverse genetic analysis of a type i feline coronavirus. | in this study we report the complete sequence and genome organization of the serotype i feline coronavirus (fcov) strain black. furthermore, a reverse genetic system was established for this fcov strain by cloning a full-length cdna copy into vaccinia virus. this clone served as basis for the generation of recombinant fcov (recfcov) that was shown to bear the same features in vitro as the parental fcov. using this system, accessory 3abc genes in the fcov genome were replaced by green fluorescent ... | 2008 | 18077720 |
| comparison of serologic techniques for the detection of antibodies against feline coronaviruses. | the seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies was studied in cats in southern italy. one hundred twenty sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households were tested for fcov type i and ii antibodies. the virus neutralization (vn) was performed and compared with indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ninety-six sera tested positive for fcov antibodies by vn and elisa. interestingly, elisa reveale ... | 2008 | 18182507 |
| a review of studies on animal reservoirs of the sars coronavirus. | in this review, we summarize the researches on animal reservoirs of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov). masked palm civets were suspected as the origin of the sars outbreak in 2003 and was confirmed as the direct origin of sars cases with mild symptom in 2004. sequence analysis of the sars-cov-like virus in masked palm civets indicated that they were highly homologous to human sars-cov with nt identity over 99.6%, indicating the virus has not been circulating in the population of masked palm civets ... | 2008 | 17451830 |
| exposure to disease agents in the endangered iberian lynx (lynx pardinus). | the iberian lynx (lynx pardinus) is the most endangered felid species in the world. lynx populations have decreased dramatically in size and distribution in the last four decades, thus becoming increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic events such as epizooties. from 1989 to 2000, serum samples were obtained from 48 free-ranging lynx captured in the doñana national park (dnp, n = 31) and mountains of sierra morena (sm, n = 17) in southern spain. samples were tested for antibodies against toxoplasm ... | 2008 | 32214935 |
| a serological survey of common feline pathogens in free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) in central spain. | twenty-five serum samples of 22 free-living european wildcats (felis silvestris) captured from 1991 to 1993 in central spain were tested for evidence of exposure to seven feline pathogens. all the wildcats but one (95.4%) presented evidence of contact with at least one of the agents (mean = 2.2). contact with feline leukemia virus (felv) was detected in 81% of the wildcats (antibodies, 77%; antigen p27, 15%). antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv, 80%), feline herpesvirus (fhv, 20%), feline parv ... | 2009 | 32214938 |
| structure of the x (adrp) domain of nsp3 from feline coronavirus. | the structure of the x (or adrp) domain of a pathogenic variant of feline coronavirus (fcov) has been determined in tetragonal and cubic crystal forms to 3.1 and 2.2 a resolution, respectively. in the tetragonal crystal form, glycerol-3-phosphate was observed in the adp-ribose-binding site. both crystal forms contained large solvent channels and had a solvent content of higher than 70%. only very weak binding of this domain to adp-ribose was detected in vitro. however, the structure with adp-rib ... | 2009 | 19966415 |
| a review of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection: 1963-2008. | 2009 | 19254859 | |
| genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of feline coronavirus sequences from portugal. | the distribution of fcov types i and ii in a portuguese cat population was studied by a rt-pcr assay targeting the 3'-end of the viral rna. for a period of 3 years, 120 samples were collected and 57 were found positive for fcov rna. within the positive samples the presence of fcov type i was found in 79%. type ii was only detected in 3.5% in animals with feline infectious peritonitis. the remaining 17.5% could not be differentiated. these viral sequences, comprising a region within gene s were f ... | 2009 | 19342183 |
| neutrophil survival factors (tnf-alpha, gm-csf, and g-csf) produced by macrophages in cats infected with feline infectious peritonitis virus contribute to the pathogenesis of granulomatous lesions. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a feline coronavirus (fcov)-induced fatal disease of domestic and wild cats. the infiltration of neutrophils into granulomatous lesions is unusual for a viral disease, but it is a typical finding of fip. this study aimed to investigate the reason for the lesions containing neutrophils in cats with fip. neutrophils of cats with fip were cultured, and changes in the cell survival rate were assessed. in addition, the presence or absence of neutrophil survival ... | 2009 | 19343474 |
| total sialic acid: an acute phase reactant in cats with a possible role in feline coronavirus infection. | the aims of this study were to validate a colorimetric method to measure total sialic acid (tsa) in feline serum and to investigate the serum concentration of tsa in clinically healthy cats seronegative (n = 9) and seropositive (n = 48) for feline coronavirus (fcov), and in cats affected by feline infectious peritonitis (fip, n = 28), tumors (n = 20), or inflammation (n = 16). the correlation between tsa and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp) was also investigated. the method employed in this stud ... | 2009 | 19436584 |
| feline infectious peritonitis. abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | overview: feline coronavirus infection is ubiquitous in domestic cats, and is particularly common where conditions are crowded. while most fcov-infected cats are healthy or display only a mild enteritis, some go on to develop feline infectious peritonitis, a disease that is especially common in young cats and multi-cat environments. up to 12% of fcov-infected cats may succumb to fip, with stress predisposing to the development of disease. disease signs: the 'wet' or effusive form, characterised ... | 2009 | 19481039 |
| analysis of putative recombination hot sites in the s gene of canine coronaviruses. | the s gene sequence of canine coronavirus strain 1-71 (ccov 1-71) was cloned, sequenced, and compared to those of other ccovs, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and feline coronavirus (fcov). the sequence analysis showed that ccov 1-71 displayed a 98.8-99.8% identity with ccovs strains v1, k378, and gp. four putative recombination sites were found at the 5'-end of the s gene, namely at nt 53, 75, 425, 991. both sequences flanking each site were significantly different. three recombinat ... | 2009 | 19537912 |
| prevalence of feline coronavirus antibodies in cats in bursa province, turkey, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | feline sera from bursa province (turkey) were assayed for coronavirus antibody using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the study was performed on 100 sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households. the serum samples were initially tested with the virus neutralisation (vn) test and the results were then compared with the elisa. the vn yielded 79 negative and 21 positive sera but the elisa confirmed only 74 as negative. the elisa-negative sera w ... | 2009 | 19560387 |
| survey of feline leukemia virus and feline coronaviruses in captive neotropical wild felids from southern brazil. | a total of 57 captive neotropical felids (one leopardus geoffroyi, 14 leopardus pardalis, 17 leopardus wiedii, 22 leopardus tigrinus, and three puma yagouaroundi) from the itaipu binacional wildlife research center (refúgio bela vista, southern brazil) were anesthetized for blood collection. feces samples were available for 44 animals, including one l. geoffroyi, eight l. pardalis, 14 l. wiedii, 20 l. tigrinus, and one p. yagouaroundi. total dna and rna were extracted from blood and feces, respe ... | 2009 | 19569487 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of nsp4 from feline coronavirus. | coronaviruses are a family of positive-stranded rna viruses that includes important pathogens of humans and other animals. the large coronavirus genome (26-31 kb) encodes 15-16 nonstructural proteins (nsps) that are derived from two replicase polyproteins by autoproteolytic processing. the nsps assemble into the viral replication-transcription complex and nsp3, nsp4 and nsp6 are believed to anchor this enzyme complex to modified intracellular membranes. the largest part of the coronavirus nsp4 s ... | 2009 | 19622868 |
| [porcine aminopeptidase n is a functional receptor for the pedv coronavirus]. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets that leads to great economic losses in east asia. it was reported that aminopeptidase n (apn) was the receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and feline coronavirus (fecov) which all belonged to group i coronavirus including pedv. it was also confirmed previously that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) could bind to pedv, and anti-papn antibodies could inhibit the combination ... | 2009 | 19634766 |
| absence of antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis of feline infectious peritonitis virus-infected cells. | cats infected with virulent feline coronavirus which causes feline infectious peritonitis (fip) usually succumb to disease despite high antibody concentrations. one of the mechanisms that can help resolving infection is antibody-dependent, complement-mediated lysis (adcml) of infected cells. adcml consists of virus-specific antibodies that bind to cell surface expressed viral proteins which result in complement activation and cell lysis. the objective of this study was to determine the sensitivi ... | 2009 | 19720244 |
| genetics and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is endemic in feral cat populations and cat colonies, frequently preceding outbreaks of fatal feline infectious peritonitis (fip). fcov exhibits 2 biotypes: the pathogenic disease and a benign infection with feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). uncertainty remains regarding whether genetically distinctive avirulent and virulent forms coexist or whether an avirulent form mutates in vivo, causing fip. to resolve these alternative hypotheses, we isolated viral sequences from ... | 2009 | 19788813 |
| prevalence of feline coronavirus in two cat populations in malaysia. | the prevalence of feline coronavirus (fcov) was studied in two catteries in malaysia. rectal swabs or faecal samples were collected from a total of 44 clinically healthy persian purebred and mix-breed cats. rna extracted from the faecal material was subjected to a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using primers flanking for a conserved region of the virus genome. the overall prevalence of fcov infection was 84% and the infection rate was higher in persian purebred cats (96 ... | 2009 | 19818660 |
| field strain feline coronaviruses with small deletions in orf7b associated with both enteric infection and feline infectious peritonitis. | feline coronavirus (fcov) varies greatly from causing subclinical or mild enteric infections to fatal feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the open reading frame (orf) 7b of fcov has been speculated to play a determining role in virulence as deletions were found to be associated with avirulent viruses. to further clarify the correlation between this gene and fip, clinical samples from 20 cats that had succumbed to wet-type fip and 20 clinically healthy fcov-infected cats were analysed. the orf7b ... | 2009 | 19013091 |
| vaccine-induced enhancement of viral infections. | examples of vaccine-induced enhancement of susceptibility to virus infection or of aberrant viral pathogenesis have been documented for infections by members of different virus families. several mechanisms, many of which still are poorly understood, are at the basis of this phenomenon. vaccine development for lentivirus infections in general, and for hiv/aids in particular, has been little successful. certain experimental lentiviral vaccines even proved to be counterproductive: they rendered vac ... | 2009 | 19022319 |
| b-cell activation in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) by fip-virus-induced b-cell differentiation/survival factors. | it has been suggested that antibody overproduction plays a role in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). however, only a few studies on the b-cell activation mechanism after fip virus (fipv) infection have been reported. the present study shows that: (1) the ratio of peripheral blood sig(+) cd21(-) b-cells was higher in cats with fip than in spf cats, (2) the albumin-to-globulin ratio has negative correlation with the ratio of peripheral blood sig(+) cd21(-) b-cell, (3) cells ... | 2009 | 19043660 |
| activation of p38 mapk by feline infectious peritonitis virus regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary blood-derived feline mononuclear cells. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is an invariably fatal disease of cats caused by systemic infection with a feline coronavirus (fcov) termed feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv). the lethal pathology associated with fip (granulomatous inflammation and t-cell lymphopenia) is thought to be mediated by aberrant modulation of the immune system due to infection of cells such as monocytes and macrophages. overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs in cats with fip, and has been sugge ... | 2009 | 19058829 |
| characterization of a continuous feline mammary epithelial cell line susceptible to feline epitheliotropic viruses. | mucosal epithelial cells are the primary targets for many common viral pathogens of cats. viral infection of epithelia can damage or disrupt the epithelial barrier that protects underlying tissues. in vitro cell culture systems are an effective means to study how viruses infect and disrupt epithelial barriers, however no true continuous or immortalized feline epithelial cell culture lines are available. a continuous cell culture of feline mammary epithelial cells (fmec ucd-04-2) that forms tight ... | 2009 | 19103225 |
| genetic diversity and correlation with feline infectious peritonitis of feline coronavirus type i and ii: a 5-year study in taiwan. | the outcomes of feline coronavirus (fcov) infection vary greatly from asymptomatic or mild enteric infection to fatal feline infectious peritonitis (fip). on the basis of in vitro neutralization tests, fcovs can be divided into two serotypes. to explore the correlation between different types of fcov and fip, clinical specimens collected from 363 naturally infected cats during 2003-2007 were analyzed. amplification of a portion of the s gene from the fcov was performed and a total of 222 cases w ... | 2009 | 19117699 |
| interferon-gamma in the serum and effusions of cats with feline coronavirus infection. | the aim of this study was to quantify and compare interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) concentrations in the serum of clinically normal cats infected with feline coronavirus (fcov) with its concentration in the sera and effusions of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a disease associated with infection with a mutated form of fcov. clinically normal fcov-infected cats living in catteries with a high prevalence of fip had the highest serum ifn-gamma concentrations. the serum concentration of i ... | 2009 | 18406642 |
| significance of coronavirus mutants in feces and diseased tissues of cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis. | the internal fecv?fipv mutation theory and three of its correlates were tested in four sibs/half-sib kittens, a healthy contact cat, and in four unrelated cats that died of fip at geographically disparate regions. coronavirus from feces and extraintestinal fip lesions from the same cat were always >99% related in accessory and structural gene sequences. snps and deletions causing a truncation of the 3c gene product were found in almost all isolates from the diseased tissues of the eight cats suf ... | 2009 | 21994544 |
| coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis. | the drastic increase in the number of coronaviruses discovered and coronavirus genomes being sequenced have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform genomics and bioinformatics analysis on this family of viruses. coronaviruses possess the largest genomes (26.4 to 31.7 kb) among all known rna viruses, with g + c contents varying from 32% to 43%. variable numbers of small orfs are present between the various conserved genes (orf1ab, spike, envelope, membrane and nucleocapsid) and downstrea ... | 2010 | 21994708 |
| feline infectious peritonitis: insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a lethal systemic disease caused by fip virus (fipv), a virulent mutant of apathogenic feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). we analysed the 3c gene--a proposed virulence marker--in 27 fecv- and 28 fipv-infected cats. our findings suggest that functional 3c protein expression is crucial for fecv replication in the gut, but dispensable for systemic fipv replication. whilst intact in all fecvs, the 3c gene was mutated in the majority (71.4 %) of fipvs, but not i ... | 2010 | 19889934 |
| chimeric feline coronaviruses that encode type ii spike protein on type i genetic background display accelerated viral growth and altered receptor usage. | persistent infection of domestic cats with feline coronaviruses (fcovs) can lead to a highly lethal, immunopathological disease termed feline infectious peritonitis (fip). interestingly, there are two serotypes, type i and type ii fcovs, that can cause both persistent infection and fip, even though their main determinant of host cell tropism, the spike (s) protein, is of different phylogeny and displays limited sequence identity. in cell culture, however, there are apparent differences. type ii ... | 2010 | 19906918 |
| seroprevalences to viral pathogens in free-ranging and captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) on namibian farmland. | cheetah populations are diminishing rapidly in their natural habitat. one reason for their decline is thought to be a high susceptibility to (infectious) diseases because cheetahs in zoos suffer from high disease-induced mortality. data on the health status of free-ranging cheetahs are scarce, and little is known about their exposure and susceptibility to infectious diseases. we determined seroprevalences to nine key viruses (feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline parvovirus, feline co ... | 2010 | 19955325 |