Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| design of a cyclic peptide that targets a viral rna. | the tat protein controls transcription in lentiviruses such as hiv. a cyclic peptide analog of the rna binding domain of the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) tat protein is shown to bind specifically to its target rna stem loop. nmr data indicate a similar mode of binding of linear and cyclic peptides. | 2003 | 14677935 |
| important role for the ca-nc spacer region in the assembly of bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein. | lentiviral gag proteins contain a short spacer sequence that separates the capsid (ca) from the downstream nucleocapsid (nc) domain. this short spacer has been shown to play an important role in the assembly of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). we have now extended this finding to the ca-nc spacer motif within the gag protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). mutation of this latter spacer sequence led to dramatic reductions in virus production, which was mainly attributed to th ... | 2004 | 14694086 |
| sensitive and specific detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine syncytial virus by 5' taq nuclease assays with fluorescent 3' minor groove binder-dna probes. | sensitive assays are required to detect bovine retroviruses in donor cattle used for the in vivo preparation of australian tick fever vaccines. 5' taq nuclease assays using 3' minor groove binder dna probes (taqman)mgb) were developed and compared to conventional pcr assays for the sensitive detection of bovine syncytial virus (bsv) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). seven beef and dairy herds were screened to evaluate these tests. comparative sensitivities of pcr tests were determined by ... | 2004 | 14715301 |
| selection of tar rna-binding chameleon peptides by using a retroviral replication system. | the interaction between the arginine-rich motif (arm) of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) tat protein and tar rna is essential for tat activation and viral replication. two related lentiviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and jembrana disease virus (jdv), also require tat arm-tar interactions to mediate activation, but the viruses have evolved different rna-binding strategies. interestingly, the jdv arm can act as a "chameleon," adopting both the hiv and biv tar binding modes. to ... | 2004 | 14722301 |
| evidence for conformational flexibility in the tat-tar recognition motif of cyclin t1. | cyclin t1 (cyct1) is a cellular transcription elongation factor that also participates in tat-mediated activation of several lentiviral promoters. in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cyct1 is required for tat to bind tightly to tar and interacts in the ternary complex via its tat-tar recognition motif (trm). in the related bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv), tat recognizes its cognate tar element with high affinity and specificity in the absence of cyct1. at both promoters, cyct1 recruits th ... | 2004 | 14972556 |
| structural mimicry of retroviral tat proteins by constrained beta-hairpin peptidomimetics: ligands with high affinity and selectivity for viral tar rna regulatory elements. | an approach is described to the design of beta-hairpin peptidomimetic ligands for bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) tat protein, which inhibit binding to its transactivator response element (tar) rna. a library of peptidomimetics was derived by grafting onto a hairpin-inducing d-pro-l-pro template sequences related to the rna recognition element in tat. one hairpin mimetic was identified that binds tightly (k(d) approximately 150 nm) to biv tar, and another that binds also to hiv-1 tar rna (k( ... | 2004 | 15174860 |
| evidence for bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in cattle in zambia. | we report herein on the first evidence for the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in zambia. serological surveillance of biv and bovine leukemia virus (blv) was conducted in traditional cattle herds in zambia. out of a total of 262 sera analyzed, 11.4% were found positive for anti-biv p26 antibodies as determined by western blot analysis, while 5.0% were positive for anti-blv gp51 antibodies as detected by immunodiffusion test. peripheral blood mononuclear cells from biv seropositiv ... | 2004 | 15253302 |
| a synthetic rev-independent bovine immunodeficiency virus-based packaging construct. | replication competent lentivirus (rcl) has been the major safety concern associated with applications of lentivirus-based gene transfer systems for human gene therapy. minimization and elimination of overlaps between the packaging and the transfer vector constructs are expected to reduce the potential to generate rcl. we previously developed second- and third-generation bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv)-based gene transfer systems. however, some sequence homologies between the vector and gag/p ... | 2004 | 15353041 |
| a comparative binding study of modified bovine immunodeficiency virus tar rna against its tat peptide. | besides generating novel binding peptides or small molecules to their rna target, successful design of chemically modified rna constructs capable of tighter binding with their binding peptides is also of significant importance. herein, the synthesis and binding studies of a series of both wt and mutant bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) tar rna constructs against its tat peptide are reported. understanding the requirements that enable rna construct binding properties, especially at the hairpin ... | 2004 | 15546738 |
| recombinant jembrana disease virus gag proteins identify several different antigenic domains but do not facilitate serological differentiation of jdv and nonpathogenic bovine lentiviruses. | in indonesia, it is suspected that there are two bovine lentiviruses circulating in the cattle population: a pathogenic jembrana disease virus (jdv), and a nonpathogenic bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv). both viruses cross-react antigenically and cannot be differentiated by current serological tests using jdv antigens. to identify possible type-specific epitopes, a series of recombinant protein constructs including the matrix, capsid and nucleocapsid proteins were produced from jdv gag a ... | 2004 | 15664061 |
| the molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus: a comparison with other lentiviruses. | bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) was first isolated in 1969 from a cow, r-29, with a wasting syndrome. the virus isolated induced the formation of syncytia in cell cultures and was structurally similar to maedi-visna virus. twenty years later, it was demonstrated that the bovine r-29 isolate was indeed a lentivirus with striking similarity to the human immunodeficiency virus. like other lentiviruses, biv has a complex genomic structure characterized by the presence of several regulatory/acces ... | 2004 | 15984320 |
| tar rna recognition by a cyclic peptidomimetic of tat protein. | the search for new antiviral drugs that repress hiv viral replication by blocking transactivation of viral rna transcription has long been advocated as an approach to novel antiviral therapy. however, research in this area has so far failed to yield attractive lead compounds because of the insufficient development of rna-based medicinal chemistry. one difficulty in efforts to inhibit protein-rna interactions using small druglike molecules is the large surface areas typically found at these inter ... | 2005 | 16156649 |
| cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the protein module (biv2-helix) in the fusion core of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) gp40. | the fusion core of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) gp40 is proposed to be involved in membrane fusion. however, no crystal structures are yet available. a predicted protein module biv2-helix of bivgp40 has been expressed in escherichia coli and purified by chromatography. recombinant biv2-helix was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique at 291 k. the crystals were grown in mpd and belonged to the primitive rhombohedral space group r3, with unit-cell parameters a = 39. ... | 2005 | 16511008 |
| characterization of biv env core: implication for mechanism of biv-mediated cell fusion. | entry of lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), requires folding of two heptad repeat regions (hr1 and hr2) of gp41 into a trimer-of-hairpins, which subsequently brings virus and cell membrane into fusion. this motif is a generalized feature of viral fusion proteins and has been exploited in generating antiviral fusion agents. in the present paper, we report structural characters of env protein from another lentivirus, bovine im ... | 2005 | 15737628 |
| the bovine immunodeficiency virus: cloning of a tat/rev cdna encoding a novel tat protein with enhanced transactivation activity. | previous studies have shown that biv may encode two types of tat proteins of 103 and 108 amino acids, respectively. here, we report the characterization of a new biv tat protein (tat236) derived from a tat/rev cdna. the tat/rev cdna was obtained by reverse transcription-pcr from rna extracted from cells infected with biv. biv was rescued by cell co-cultivation from the spleen of rabbits exposed for 3 years to the r29 isolate of biv. sequence analysis indicated that biv tat236 contains the first ... | 2005 | 15821973 |
| promoter activity in the 5' flanking regions of the bohle iridovirus icp 18, icp 46 and major capsid protein genes. | bohle iridovirus (biv) belongs to the genus ranavirus, of which frog virus 3 (fv-3) is the type species. we are developing biv as a recombinant viral delivery vector, and as a first step we located specific biv promoter sequences to drive foreign gene expression in the recombinant virus. by comparison with fv-3 sequences, the genes encoding icp 18 and icp 46 in biv were identified and sequenced. putative promoter regions of these two early genes and of the major capsid protein (mcp) gene were id ... | 2005 | 15841340 |
| construction and characterization of chimeric bhiv (biv/hiv-1) viruses carrying the bovine immunodeficiency virus gag gene. | to explore the possibility of the replacement of the gag gene between human immunodeficiency virus and bovine immunodeficiency virus, to achieve chimeric virions, and thereby gain a new kind of aids vaccine based on bhiv chimeric viruses. | 2005 | 15849820 |
| localized influence of 2'-hydroxyl groups and helix geometry on protein recognition in the rna major groove. | the local geometry of a dna helix can influence protein recognition, but the sequence-specific features that contribute to helix structure are not fully understood, and even less is known about how rna helix geometry may affect protein recognition. to begin to understand how local or global helix structure may influence binding in an rna model system, we generated a series of dna analogues of hiv and biv tar rnas in which ribose sugars were systematically substituted in and around the known bind ... | 2005 | 15850388 |
| a single intermolecular contact mediates intramolecular stabilization of both rna and protein. | an arginine-rich peptide from the jembrana disease virus (jdv) tat protein is a structural "chameleon" that binds bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) or hiv tar rnas in two different binding modes, with an affinity for biv tar even higher than the cognate biv peptide. we determined the nmr structure of the jdv tat-biv tar high-affinity complex and found that the c-terminal tyrosine in jdv tat forms a network of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions that simultaneou ... | 2005 | 15857951 |
| [pcr-based detection of proviral dna of bovine immunodeficiency virus]. | a set of primers was developed to detect by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) the proviral dna of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). a short fragment of 101 bp biv gene was selected as a target for primers; sequences of proviral dna isolated from both a cell culture with biv and from lymphocytes of an experimentally infected animal were known for the fragment. an amplicon of an expected size was detected by standard pcr in a transformed cell series of bovine testicles with florida 112 biv dna, a ... | 2005 | 15881397 |
| identification of a bohle iridovirus thymidine kinase gene and demonstration of activity using vaccinia virus. | in recent years interest in the family iridoviridae has been renewed by the identification of a number of viruses, particularly from the genus ranavirus, associated with disease in a range of poikilotherms. ranaviruses have been isolated from amphibian, piscine and reptilian species. here we describe an open reading frame (orf) identified in the genome of bohle iridovirus (biv) which contains a nucleotide binding motif conserved within the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of iridoviruses from other g ... | 2005 | 15883656 |
| a comparative binding study of biv tat peptide against its tar rna duplex, rna-dna heteroduplex and dna duplex. | association between rna and dna strands to form rna-dna heteroduplex is important in many biological processes such as transcription, dna replication and reverse transcription. herein, binding affinities of a 17-mer biv tat peptide is compared with tar dna duplex, tar rna-dna heteroduplex and tar rna duplex. it was observed that binding affinities of tat peptide is comparable against dna-rna heteroduplex and rna duplex, whereas dna duplex binding is decidedly poor. | 2005 | 15582425 |
| the catalytic properties of the recombinant reverse transcriptase of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is a lentivirus with no proven pathogenesis in infected cattle. yet, in experimentally infected rabbits, it causes an aids-like disease. consequently, we expressed two recombinant isoforms of biv reverse transcriptase (rt), which differ in their c-termini, and studied their catalytic properties. both isoforms prefer mg(+2) over mn(+2) with most dna polymerase and ribonuclease-h substrates. the processivity of dna synthesis by the biv rts is higher than that of ... | 2006 | 16631225 |
| from mice to macaques--animal models of hiv nervous system disease. | lentiviral diseases of animals have been recognized for over a century, long before hiv was recognized as the cause of aids. all lentiviruses cause neurological disease and productive virus replication in the cns occurs exclusively in cells of macrophage lineage. the ability to molecularly engineer the inoculum virus, to sample the brain at many different time points from acute through terminal infection and to correlate in vivo with in vitro findings are significant advantages of animal models ... | 2006 | 16842082 |
| internalization of jembrana disease virus tat: possible pathway and implication. | jembrana disease virus (jdv) is a lentivirus highly related to the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). it causes an acute disease with high mortality rate within 1-2 weeks. jdv encodes the most potent tat (jtat) of any of the lentiviruses. jtat can transactivate all ltrs and functionally substitute for hiv tat in the viral genome and may function as a pivotal regulator in the acute pathogenesis of jdv. the goal of this paper is to study jtat internalization by cells, the mechanisms involved in ... | 2006 | 16870296 |
| ledgf/p75 interacts with divergent lentiviral integrases and modulates their enzymatic activity in vitro. | transcriptional co-activator ledgf/p75 is the major cellular interactor of hiv-1 integrase (in), critical to efficient viral replication. in this work, a series of ins from the betaretrovirus, gammaretrovirus, deltaretrovirus, spumavirus and lentivirus retroviral genera were tested for interaction with the host factor. none of the non-lentiviral ins possessed detectable affinity for ledgf in either pull-down or yeast two-hybrid assays. in contrast, all lentiviral ins examined, including those fr ... | 2007 | 17158150 |
| the non-toxic a subunit of shiga toxin type 1 prevents replication of bovine immunodeficiency virus in infected cells. | shiga toxins are ribosome-inactivating proteins many of which are antiviral. shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) may be pathogenic to humans, but are carried without ill effects by ruminants. we hypothesize that stec have antiviral activity in ruminants, and showed previously that the non-toxic subunit a of shiga toxin 1 (stxa1) acts selectively on cells infected with bovine leukemia virus, without harming normal cells, and that the numbers of intestinal stec are inversely correlated w ... | 2007 | 17197048 |
| differential sensitivity of viruses to the antiviral activity of shiga toxin 1 a subunit. | the non-toxic enzymic a subunit of shiga toxin 1 (stxa1) reduces expression and replication of the bovine retroviruses, bovine leukemia virus and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). here, the impact of stxa1 on representative positive and negative stranded rna viruses was compared. biv and equine infectious anemia virus were sensitive to picomolar concentrations of stxa1 while poliovirus, rhinovirus, and vesicular stomatitis virus were only marginally sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of to ... | 2007 | 17197049 |
| structure-guided peptidomimetic design leads to nanomolar beta-hairpin inhibitors of the tat-tar interaction of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | the tat protein of immunodeficiency viruses is the main activator of viral gene expression. by binding specifically to its cognate site, the transactivator response element (tar), tat mediates a strong induction of the production of all viral transcripts. in seeking a new chemical solution to inhibiting viral protein-rna interactions, we recently identified inhibitors of the viral tat protein from the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) using conformationally constrained beta-hairpin peptidomime ... | 2007 | 17223695 |
| [amplification of proviral dna of bovine immunodeficiency virus in experimentally infected animals]. | the primer set for detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) proviral dna, retrovirus of unknown pathology, by standard polymerase chain reaction was developed. amplicon of the expected size was detected in dna from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seropositive experimentally biv infected sheep and cattle. primers targeted the short fragment of biv pol gene. sequences of biv proviral dna extracted from biv infected cell culture as well as from experimentally infected cows were taken ... | 2007 | 17427409 |
| defibrinated bovine plasma inhibits retroviral transcription by blocking p52 activation of the nfkappab element in the long terminal repeat. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) induces a persistent but latent infection in cattle. viral latency is invoked by a protein known as plasma blocking factor (pbf) that is found in both bovine and human plasma. we report here on pathways that mediate latency in the presence of pbf. reporter-gene constructs driven by the promoters of 6 retroviruses were used to measure the production of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) in cell lines cultured with or without defibrinated bovine plasma. plasma inh ... | 2007 | 17479775 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for the detection and differentiation of australian and european ranaviruses. | serious systemic disease in fish and amphibians is associated with the ranaviruses, epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) and bohle iridovirus (biv) in australia, and european sheatfish virus (esv) and european catfish virus (ecv) in europe. ehnv, esv and ecv are recognized causative agents of the oie (office international des epizooties) notifiable systemic necrotizing iridovirus syndrome and are currently identified by protein-based assays, none of which are able to rapidly identify t ... | 2007 | 17584440 |
| bohle iridovirus as a vector for heterologous gene expression. | the large double-stranded dna (ds dna) viruses were among the first to be used to construct recombinant viruses, but to date this has not been achieved with any members of the ds dna virus family, iridoviridae. we identified a non-essential gene, the viral homologue of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eif-2alpha), in bohle iridovirus (biv, genus ranavirus). a recombinant biv was constructed with the neomycin resistance gene and the bufo marinus (cane toad) adult globin gene inserted into the ... | 2007 | 17904650 |
| molecular basis of the internalization of bovine immunodeficiency virus tat protein. | bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is a nonacute, pathogenic, and horizontally transmitted lentivirus. it shares the parallel properties in morphology and genetics with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other lentiviruses. biv encodes its own transactivator (btat), which transactivates its cognate long terminal repeat (ltr). however, the mechanism involved in the transactivation is different from that in hiv and other lentiviruses. we determined the mechanisms of btat internalization by c ... | 2008 | 17952584 |
| expression and characterization of the integrase of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | in the pol gene of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) there is a sequence, located between the reverse-transcriptase and integrase (in)-encoding sequences, that is not found in hiv-1 pol gene and encodes a 74-residue polypeptide with homology to dutpases. we have expressed two biv in versions that differ in their amino termini. the longer version, containing the 74-residue sequence, did not show any detectable 3'-end processing and strand transfer in activities and performed only the in-associa ... | 2008 | 17976681 |
| evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) infection: serological survey in argentina. | this is the first report of serological evidence for bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) infection in argentina. the analysis was performed in 589 dairy bovine sera samples, applying indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) using a synthetic antigen (transmembrane peptide, tm) and immunofluorescent assay (ifa). in this study, 9 dairy herds from 4 argentinian provinces were evaluated and 12% of the animals tested positive for biv. seven of the 9 herds tested were biv seropositive and ... | 2008 | 18037459 |
| sequence analysis of mrna transcripts encoding jembrana disease virus tat-1 in vivo. | jembrana disease virus (jdv) is a lentivirus which replicates to very high titres in vivo and its tat-1 protein has been shown to be a potent transactivator in vitro. analysis of tat mrna transcripts produced early in infection studies identified four predominant species which were generated by multiple splicing events. the use of a splice donor downstream of tat-1 was common indicating that a tat-1 protein of 97 amino acids is expressed during the acute phase of jembrana disease. the presence o ... | 2008 | 18096262 |
| development of a capsid based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus antibodies in cattle and buffalo serum. | the aim of this study was to develop a more specific and sensitive competitive inhibition elisa (ci-elisa) than the currently used indirect elisa for detection of antibodies to bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in cattle and buffaloes. murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against a recombinant capsid (ca) protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus. of the 13 anti-ca mabs developed, mab-9g10 was selected for ci-elisa based on the maximum inhibition (98%) obtained with reference biv ... | 2008 | 18192030 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory viruses in cattle infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus. | 2008 | 18487588 | |
| btat, a trans-acting regulatory protein, contributes to bovine immunodeficiency virus-induced apoptosis. | bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is a member of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses highly related to human immunodeficiency virus in morphologic, antigenic and genomic features. biv is known to induce chronic pathological changes in infected hosts, which are often associated with the development of immune-mediated lesions. however, the molecular events underlying the cytopathic effect of biv remain poorly understood. in this study, biv was found to induce apoptotic cell death, and a sma ... | 2008 | 17645750 |
| rna detection using peptide-inserted renilla luciferase. | a novel complementation system with short peptide-inserted-renilla luciferase (pi-rluc) and split-rna probes was constructed for noninvasive rna detection. the rna binding peptides hiv-1 rev and biv tat were used as inserted peptides. they display induced fit conformational changes upon binding to specific rnas and trigger complementation or discomplementation of rluc. split-rna probes were designed to reform the peptide binding site upon hybridization with arbitrarily selected target rna. this ... | 2009 | 18979090 |
| comparison of immunoassay and real-time pcr methods for the detection of jembrana disease virus infection in bali cattle. | a sensitive diagnostic assay for the detection of infections with the bovine lentivirus jembrana disease virus (jdv) is required in indonesia to control the spread of jembrana disease. immunoassays are used routinely but are compromised by cross-reactive epitopes in the capsid (ca) protein of jdv and the genetically related bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). jdv gag-specific primers were tested in a real-time pcr assay to detect proviral dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 165 cattl ... | 2009 | 19442849 |
| risk of equine infectious anemia virus disease transmission through in vitro embryo production using somatic cell nuclear transfer. | prevention and regulation of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) disease transmission solely depend on identification, isolation, and elimination of infected animals because of lack of an effective vaccine. embryo production via the somatic cell nuclear transfer (scnt) technology uses oocytes collected mainly from untested animals, which creates a potential risk of eiav transmission through infected embryos. the current review examines the risk of eiav disease transmission through scnt embryo ... | 2009 | 19482352 |
| bovine immunodeficiency virus: identification of a long terminal repeat sequence with enhanced promoter activity. | we previously identified a new bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) trans-activator factor of transcription (tat236) that was derived from a variant of biv. here, we report a new biv long terminal repeat (ltr) sequence (ltrn) that was obtained by pcr from the dna of cells infected with the biv variant mentioned above. sequence analysis indicated that the ltrn u3 region harbors three nucleic acid mutations at residue positions -194, -135 and -114 when compared to the original (wild-type) ltr seque ... | 2009 | 19547911 |
| simultaneous recognition of hiv-1 tar rna bulge and loop sequences by cyclic peptide mimics of tat protein. | the interaction of the hiv-1 transactivator protein tat with its transactivation response (tar) rna is an essential step in viral replication and therefore an attractive target for developing antivirals with new mechanisms of action. numerous compounds that bind to the 3-nt bulge responsible for binding tat have been identified in the past, but none of these molecules had sufficient potency to warrant pharmaceutical development. we have discovered conformationally-constrained cyclic peptide mime ... | 2009 | 19584251 |
| comparative functional analysis of jembrana disease virus tat protein on lentivirus long terminal repeat promoters: evidence for flexibility at its n-terminus. | jembrana disease virus (jdv) encodes a potent regulatory protein tat that strongly stimulates viral expression by transactivating the long terminal repeat (ltr) promoter. jdv tat (jtat) promotes the transcription from its own ltr as well as non-cognate ltrs, by recruiting host transcription factors and facilitating transcriptional elongation. here, we compared the sequence requirements of jtat for transactivation of jdv, bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) ... | 2009 | 19860923 |
| ranavirus phylogeny and differentiation based on major capsid protein, dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like protein genes. | in this study, we developed new methods for differentiation of ranaviruses based on polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis of dna polymerase and neurofilament triplet h1-like (nf-h1) protein gene. using these methods, we were able to differentiate the 6 known ranaviruses--bohle iridovirus (biv), european catfish virus (ecv), epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), european sheatfish virus (esv), frog virus 3 (fv3) and singapore grouper iridovirus (sgiv)--with 3 less ch ... | 2009 | 19694168 |
| [distribution of potentially hairpin-loop structures in the genome of bovine retroviruses]. | inverted repeats which can form hairpin-loop structures in the genomic rna and cruciform structures in the proviral dna of bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) have been determined. localization diagrams have been made up for hairpins (one of the elements of signaling genome function). the retroviruses blv and biv, about 8.5 kbp in length, are characterized by the varying quantitative and qualitative composition of hairpin-loop structures. the blv and biv genomes h ... | 2009 | 19708552 |
| the bovine immunodeficiency virus rev protein: identification of a novel lentiviral bipartite nuclear localization signal harboring an atypical spacer sequence. | the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) rev protein (186 amino acids [aa] in length) is involved in the nuclear exportation of partially spliced and unspliced viral rnas. previous studies have shown that biv rev localizes in the nucleus and nucleolus of infected cells. here we report the characterization of the nuclear/nucleolar localization signals (nls/nols) of this protein. through transfection of a series of deletion mutants of biv rev fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein and fluoresc ... | 2009 | 19828621 |
| the requirement for cellular transportin 3 (tnpo3 or trn-sr2) during infection maps to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid and not integrase. | recent genome-wide screens have highlighted an important role for transportin 3 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection and preintegration complex (pic) nuclear import. moreover, hiv-1 integrase interacted with recombinant transportin 3 protein under conditions whereby moloney murine leukemia virus (mlv) integrase failed to do so, suggesting that integrase-transportin 3 interactions might underscore active retroviral pic nuclear import. here we correlate infectivity defects in t ... | 2010 | 19846519 |
| bovine immunodeficiency virus produces a transient viraemic phase soon after infection in bos javanicus. | infection of bali cattle (bos javanicus) in indonesia with a non-pathogenic bovine lentivirus similar to bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is suspected but efforts to detect the virus have been unsuccessful. to define the kinetics of biv infection in bali cattle, 13 were infected with the r-29 strain of biv and monitored for 60 days. no clinical effects were detected. proviral dna was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 4 to 60 days with peak titres 20 days post-infection (dpi) ... | 2010 | 19766411 |
| lentiviral vif degrades the apobec3z3/apobec3h protein of its mammalian host and is capable of cross-species activity. | all lentiviruses except equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) use the small accessory protein vif to counteract the restriction activity of the relevant apobec3 (a3) proteins of their host species. prior studies have suggested that the vif-a3 interaction is species specific. here, using the apobec3h (z3)-type proteins from five distinct mammals, we report that this is generally not the case: some lentiviral vif proteins are capable of triggering the degradation of both the a3z3-type protein of t ... | 2010 | 20519393 |
| bovine isg15: an antiviral and inducible protein in biv infected fetal bovine lung cells. | bovine isg15 (bisg15) is an interferon inducible ubiquitin-like protein that is responsible for the establishment of early pregnancy in ruminant, understanding the properties of bisg15 capable of being inducible in fetal bovine lung (fbl) cells upon infection of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is of significant importance. in this study, we investigated the expression of bisg15 in poly i:c treated fbl cells. the increased expression of bisg15 was observed, and the inhibition of biv replicati ... | 2010 | 20569475 |
| prior bovine immunodeficiency virus infection does not inhibit subsequent superinfection by the acutely pathogenic jembrana disease virus. | in cattle the interaction between the two genetically and antigenically related bovine lentiviruses, the acutely pathogenic jembrana disease virus (jdv) and the non-pathogenic bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) has not been reported although both jdv and a biv-like virus have been reported in the bali cattle (bos javanicus) population in indonesia. the outcome of infection of bali cattle with the r29 strain of biv prior to superinfection 42 days later with jdv(tab/87) was determined. all biv-in ... | 2010 | 20570311 |
| susceptibility of black bullhead ameiurus melas to a panel of ranavirus isolates. | ranaviruses are considered a serious threat to lower vertebrates, including fish, amphibians and reptiles. however, epidemiological data on these agents are lacking, and further investigations are needed to understand the role of carriers and to update the list of susceptible hosts. we carried out various experimental infections under controlled conditions to contribute to the current knowledge on the susceptibility of black bullhead ameiurus melas to european catfish virus (ecv) and other ranav ... | 2010 | 20815324 |
| a quantitative assay for measuring of bovine immunodeficiency virus using a luciferase-based indicator cell line. | in order to quantitate the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) infection in vitro, a biv indicator cell line (bivl) was established by transfecting baby hamster kidney cells with reporter plasmids containing the firefly luciferase gene driven by a biv long terminal repeat promoter. the biv activates promoter activity of the ltr to express luciferase upon infection. biv infection could therefore by quantified by detection of luciferase activity. compared to standard assays used to detect biv infe ... | 2010 | 20960311 |
| bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine leukemia virus and their mixed infection in iranian holstein cattle. | bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and bovine leukemia virus (blv) have worldwide distributions, but their prevalences in iran are unknown. we investigated the presence of infections in iranian holstein cattle and determined changes in hematological values for infected animals. | 2010 | 21045371 |
| quantitation of ranaviruses in cell culture and tissue samples. | a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) based on a standard curve was developed for detection and quantitation of ranaviruses. the target gene for the qpcr was viral dna polymerase (dnapol). all ten ranavirus isolates studied (epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus, ehnv; european catfish virus, ecv; european sheatfish virus, esv; frog virus 3, fv3; bohle iridovirus, biv; doctor fish virus, dfv; guppy virus 6, gv6; pike-perch iridovirus, ppiv; rana esculenta virus italy 282/i02, rev282/i02 and shor ... | 2010 | 21087639 |
| crystal structures of catalytic core domain of biv integrase: implications for the interaction between integrase and target dna. | integrase plays a critical role in the recombination of viral dna into the host genome. therefore, over the past decade, it has been a hot target of drug design in the fight against type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1). bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) integrase has the same function as hiv-1 integrase. we have determined crystal structures of the biv integrase catalytic core domain (ccd) in two different crystal forms at a resolution of 2.45 å and 2.2 å, respectively. in crystal form ... | 2010 | 21203948 |
| development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of lymphocystis disease virus. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the detection of lymphocystis disease virus (lcdv). a set of five specific primers, two inner and two outer primers and a loop primer, were designed on the basis of the major capsid protein gene of lcdv. the reaction time and temperatures were optimized for 60 min at 63 degrees c, respectively. lamp amplification products were detected by a ladder-like appearance on agarose gel electrophoresis or a naked-eye inspection of a ... | 2010 | 19891986 |
| microtubule-dependent retrograde transport of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | microtubules are essential components of the cytoskeleton that participate in a variety of cellular processes such as cell division and migration. in addition, there is a growing body of evidence implicating a role for microtubules in intracellular viral transport. in this study, we found that pharmacological disruption of microtubules remarkably blocked bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) movement from the cell periphery to the perinuclear region, a process known as retrograde transport. a simi ... | 2010 | 20148896 |
| [polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences with potential of forming triplexes in the proviral dna of bovine retroviruses]. | perfect interstranded triplexes that can potentially arise in the proviral dna of wide-spread bovine retroviruses like as bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) have been determined. in the blv and biv genomes 2 and 5 fragments respectively were found to form triple helixes under acidic conditions. one of those fragments that is localized on the blv gag gene can exist as cruciform structure too. experimentally the existence of triplexes is confirmed by atomic force m ... | 2010 | 20201407 |
| molecular and biological aspects of the bovine immunodeficiency virus. | the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) was isolated in 1969 from a cow, r-29, with a wasting syndrome suggesting bovine leucosis. the virus, first designated bovine visna-like virus, remained unstudied until hiv was discovered in 1983. then, it was demonstrated in 1987 that the bovine r-29 isolate was a lentivirus with striking similarity to the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). moreover, biv has the most complex genomic structure among all identified lentiviruses shown by several regulatory/ ... | 2010 | 20210777 |
| jembrana disease virus: host responses, viral dynamics and disease control. | jembrana disease virus (jdv) is the most recently discovered member of the lentivirus family and causes an acute clinical disease in bali cattle with a fatality rate of approximately 15%. it is genetically related to bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) to the extent that infections cannot yet be differentially diagnosed using serological assays due to cross-reacting epitopes. despite their close genetic relationship the pathogenesis of jdv infection in bali cattle is very different to that of bi ... | 2010 | 20210780 |
| single-chain fragment variable antibody against the capsid protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus and its use in elisa. | recombinant antibody specific for the capsid (ca) protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) was generated in the form of single-chain fragment variable (scfv) using the phage display technique for affinity selection. the variable heavy (v(h)) and variable light (v(l)) chain gene fragments were recovered from cells of ca-specific hybridoma (9g10) described previously. the v(h) and v(l) dna fragments were assembled through a flexible linker dna to generate scfv fragment which was cloned in a ... | 2010 | 20304014 |
| establishment of an indicator cell line for monitoring bovine immunodeficiency virus infection and inhibitor susceptibility. | indicator cell lines are useful biological tools for monitoring virus infection. in order to monitor infection with bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in vitro, an indicator cell line derived from baby hamster kidney cells which contains integrated copies of an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene driven by the biv long terminal repeat was constructed. the biv indicator cell line, designated bive, can detect biv infection more easily and effectively than the established method, which involve ... | 2010 | 19643140 |
| formation of tat-tar containing ribonucleoprotein complexes for biochemical and structural analyses. | viruses manipulate multiple processes of the host cell machinery in order to replicate successfully in the infected cell. among these, stimulation of transcription of the viral genes is crucial for lentiviruses such as hiv for increased protein expression levels and generation of escape mutants. the transactivation response (tar) element at the 5'-end of hiv, siv, biv, eiav or jdv retroviruses forms a unique rna based promoter element that together with the transcription activator protein tat st ... | 2011 | 20385237 |
| serological survey for bovine immunodeficiency virus in dairy cattle from poland. | a seroprevalence study of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) was undertaken on 1,541 serum samples from holstein cattle from 23 herds, located in different geographical regions of poland. the analysis was performed using elisa, with recombinant gag protein of biv as antigen. the average biv prevalence was 4.9% in individual cattle, while the percentage of herds harboring at least one seropositive animal, was 82.6%. to demonstrate the correlation of biv and bovine leukemia virus infection, all s ... | 2011 | 22439328 |
| tethering of proteins to rnas using the bovine immunodeficiency virus-tat peptide and biv-tar rna. | to study the functions of rna-binding proteins independent of their rna-binding activity, tethering methods have been developed, based on the use of the rna-binding domain of a well-characterized rna-binding protein and its target rna. two bacteriophage proteins have mainly been used as tethers: the ms2 coat protein and the lambda n protein. here we report an alternative system using the tat (trans-activator) peptide from the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv), which binds to biv-tar (trans-act ... | 2012 | 22617800 |
| substrate variations that affect the nucleic acid clamp activity of reverse transcriptases. | we have recently shown that reverse transcriptases (rts) perform template switches when there is a very short (two-nucleotide) complementarity between the 3' ends of the primer (donor) strand and the dna or rna template acceptor strands [oz-gleenberg et al. (2011) nucleic acids res 39, 1042-1053]. these dinucleotide pairs are stabilized by rts that are capable of 'clamping' together the otherwise unstable duplexes. this rt-driven stabilization of the micro-homology sequence promotes efficient dn ... | 2012 | 22443410 |
| the bovine immunodeficiency virus rev protein: identification of a novel nuclear import pathway and nuclear export signal among retroviral rev/rev-like proteins. | the rev protein is essential for the replication of lentiviruses. rev is a shuttling protein that transports unspliced and partially spliced lentiviral rnas from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the nucleopore. to transport these rnas, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) rev uses the karyopherin β family importin β and crm1 proteins that interact with the rev nuclear localization signal (nls) and nuclear exportation signal (nes), respectively. recently, we reported the presence of ne ... | 2012 | 22379104 |
| bovine immunodeficiency virus: a lentiviral infection. | the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) is a lentivirus which is known to infect cattle worldwide. though serological and genomic evidence of biv in cattle has been found throughout the world, isolation of the virus has been reported only from few places. very little is known about its impact on animal health status, pathogenesis and mode of transmission. biv is considered generally non-pathogenic and is not known to cause any serious disease in cattle. biv is genetically and antigenically relat ... | 2013 | 24426295 |
| bovine hexim1 inhibits bovine immunodeficiency virus replication through regulating btat-mediated transactivation. | the bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) transactivator (btat) recruits the bovine cyclin t1 (b-cyclin t1) to the ltr to facilitate the transcription of biv. here, we demonstrate that bovine hexamethylene bisacetamide (hmba)-induced protein 1 (bhexim1) inhibits btat-mediated biv ltr transcription. the results of in vivo and in vitro assays show direct binding of bhexim1 to the b-cyclin t1. these results suggest that the repression arises from bhexim1-btat competition for b-cyclin t1, which allows ... | 2013 | 23537346 |
| contribution of sam and hd domains to retroviral restriction mediated by human samhd1. | the human samhd1 protein is a novel retroviral restriction factor expressed in myeloid cells. previous work has correlated the deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase activity of samhd1 with its ability to block hiv-1 and siv(mac) infection. samhd1 is comprised of the sterile alpha motif (sam) and histidine-aspartic (hd) domains; however the contribution of these domains to retroviral restriction is not understood. mutagenesis and deletion studies revealed that expression of the sole hd domain of sa ... | 2013 | 23158101 |
| thermodynamics and solvation dynamics of biv tar rna-tat peptide interaction. | the interaction of the trans-activation responsive (tar) region of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) rna with the tat peptide is known to play important role in viral replication. despite being thoroughly studied through a structural point of view, the nature of binding between biv tar rna and the biv tat peptide requires information related to its thermodynamics and the nature of hydration around the tar-tat complex. in this context, we carried out the thermodynamic study of binding of the ta ... | 2013 | 23114563 |
| susceptibility of the european common frog rana temporaria to a panel of ranavirus isolates from fish and amphibian hosts. | ranaviruses are an emerging group of viruses and have been implicated in an increase of epidemics in susceptible species. they have a wide host range, infecting fish, amphibians and reptiles, with some isolates able to infect multiple species from different animal classes. whilst some information exists on the pathogenicity of ranaviruses to novel hosts, there is none on the pathogenicity of fish ranaviruses to amphibians; this information is needed to develop measures to prevent the further spr ... | 2013 | 23574703 |
| comparison of nested pcr and qpcr for the detection and quantitation of bohv6 dna. | nested pcr and qpcr (quantitative pcr) tests based on glycoprotein b (gb) gene were designed for detecting bovine herpesvirus 6 (bohv6) in bovine whole blood samples and wild ruminant blood clots (deer and roe-deer). this virus, commonly known as blhv (bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus) belongs to the herpesviridae family, subfamily gammaherpesvirinae and macavirus genus. dna isolated from 92 dairy cow blood samples and 69 wild ruminant clots were examined for the presence of bohv6 using nested pc ... | 2013 | 23954301 |
| cellular requirements for bovine immunodeficiency virus vif-mediated inactivation of bovine apobec3 proteins. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) viral infectivity factor (vif) form a crl5 e3 ubiquitin ligase complex to suppress virus restriction by host apobec3 (a3) proteins. the primate lentiviral vif complex is composed of the unique cofactor core binding factor β (cbf-β) and canonical ligase components cullin 5 (cul5), elongin b/c (elob/c), and rbx2. however, the mechanism by which the vif protein of the related lentivirus bovine immunodeficiency virus ... | 2014 | 25142583 |
| role of cullin-elonginb-elonginc e3 complex in bovine immunodeficiency virus and maedi-visna virus vif-mediated degradation of host a3z2-z3 proteins. | all lentiviruses except equine infectious anemia virus (eiva) antagonize antiviral family apobec3 (a3) proteins of the host through viral vif proteins. the mechanism by which vif of human, simian or feline immunodeficiency viruses (hiv/siv/fiv) suppresses the corresponding host a3s has been studied extensively. | 2014 | 25213124 |
| isolation of a bohle-like iridovirus from boreal toads housed within a cosmopolitan aquarium collection. | a captive 'survival assurance' population of 56 endangered boreal toads anaxyrus boreas boreas, housed within a cosmopolitan collection of amphibians originating from southeast asia and other locations, experienced high mortality (91%) in april to july 2010. histological examination demonstrated lesions consistent with ranaviral disease, including multicentric necrosis of skin, kidney, liver, spleen, and hematopoietic tissue, vasculitis, and myriad basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. i ... | 2014 | 25266901 |
| core-binding factor subunit beta is not required for non-primate lentiviral vif-mediated apobec3 degradation. | viral infectivity factor (vif) is required for lentivirus fitness and pathogenicity, except in equine infectious anemia virus (eiav). vif enhances viral infectivity by a cullin5-elongin b/c e3 complex to inactivate the host restriction factor apobec3. core-binding factor subunit beta (cbf-β) is a cell factor that was recently shown to be important for the primate lentiviral vif function. non-primate lentiviral vif also degrades apobec3 through the proteasome pathway. however, it is unclear wheth ... | 2014 | 25122780 |
| the dutpase-related gene of bovine immunodeficiency virus is critical for viral replication, despite the lack of dutpase activity of the encoded protein. | deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotide-hydrolases (dutpases) are essential for maintaining low intra-cellular dutp/dttp ratios. therefore, many viruses encode this enzyme to prevent dutp incorporation into their genomes instead of dttp. among the lentiviruses, the non-primate viruses express dutpases. in bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv), the putative dutpase protein is only 74 residues-long, compared to ~130 residues in other lentiviruses. | 2014 | 25117862 |
| pathogenicity in six australian reptile species following experimental inoculation with bohle iridovirus. | ranaviruses are able to infect multiple species of fish, amphibian and reptile, and some strains are capable of interclass transmission. these numerous potential carriers and reservoir species compound efforts to control and contain infections in cultured and wild populations, and a comprehensive knowledge of susceptible species and life stage is necessary to inform such processes. here we report on the challenge of 6 water-associated reptiles with bohle iridovirus (biv) to investigate its poten ... | 2015 | 26290505 |
| molecular detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from the amazon region, brazil. | bovine immunodeficiency is a chronic progressive disease caused by a lentivirus that affects cattle and buffaloes. although the infection has been described in cattle in some countries, including in brazil, there are only two reports of infection in buffaloes: one in pakistan and one in cambodia. the aim of the present study was to survey the occurrence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in water buffaloes from the amazon region, pará state, brazil. biv proviral dna was surveyed in 607 whole ... | 2015 | 26174574 |
| lineage-specific viral hijacking of non-canonical e3 ubiquitin ligase cofactors in the evolution of vif anti-apobec3 activity. | hiv-1 encodes the accessory protein vif, which hijacks a host cullin-ring ubiquitin ligase (crl) complex as well as the non-canonical cofactor cbfβ, to antagonize apobec3 antiviral proteins. non-canonical cofactor recruitment to crl complexes by viral factors, to date, has only been attributed to hiv-1 vif. to further study this phenomenon, we employed a comparative approach combining proteomic, biochemical, structural, and virological techniques to investigate vif complexes across the lentiviru ... | 2015 | 25981045 |
| evidence for the antisense transcription in the proviral r29-127 strain of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | 2015 | 25912963 | |
| multicentric lymphoma in buffaloes in the amazon region, brazil. | the presence of lymphoma in buffaloes was first reported in india in the 1960s. the disease is similar to enzootic bovine leucosis (ebl) caused by bovine leukemia virus (blv) in cattle; however, according to our results and those of other studies, the etiology of these lymphomas in buffalo do not appear to be associated with blv. the objectives of this study are to describe four cases of the disease in buffaloes belonging to the same herd in the amazon region of brazil and to perform a clinical- ... | 2016 | 27765074 |
| a naturally occurring bovine apobec3 confers resistance to bovine lentiviruses: implication for the co-evolution of bovids and their lentiviruses. | mammals have co-evolved with lentiviruses for a long time. as evidence, viral infectivity factor (vif), encoded by lentiviruses, antagonizes the anti-viral action of cellular apobec3 of their hosts. here, we address the co-evolutionary dynamics of bovine apobec3 and the following two bovine lentiviruses: bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) and jembrana disease virus (jdv). we determined the sequences of three apobec3 genes of bovids belonging to the genera bos and bison and showed that bovine ap ... | 2016 | 27665724 |
| preparation of quadri-subtype influenza virus-like particles using bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein. | influenza vlps comprised of hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), and matrix (m1) proteins have been previously used for immunological and virological studies. here we demonstrated that influenza vlps can be made in sf9 cells by using the bovine immunodeficiency virus gag (bgag) protein in place of m1. we showed that bgag can be used to prepare vlps for several influenza subtypes including h1n1 and h10n8. furthermore, by using bgag, we prepared quadri-subtype vlps, which co-expressed within th ... | 2016 | 26529299 |
| establishment and characterization of a heart-derived cell line from goldfish (carassius auratus). | the goldfish carassius auratus, a freshwater fish in the family cyprinidae, was one of the earliest fish to be domesticated for ornamental purposes. a cell line was established from goldfish heart (gh) tissue to create a biological monitoring tool for viral diseases. the gh cell line was optimally maintained at 25 °c in m199 medium supplemented with 10-20% fetal bovine serum. a chromosomal analysis indicated that the cell line remained diploid, with a mean chromosomal count of 100. in viral inoc ... | 2017 | 28097494 |
| the small-molecule 3g11 inhibits hiv-1 reverse transcription. | the small-molecule 6-(tert-butyl)-4-phenyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1h,3h-1,3,5-triazin-2-one (3g11) inhibits hiv-1 replication in the human t cell line mt-2. here, we showed that 3g11 specifically and potently blocks hiv-1 infection. by contrast, 3g11 did not block other retroviruses such as hiv-2, simian immunodeficiency virus (sivmac ), bovine immunodeficiency virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, equine infectious anemia virus, n-tropic murine leukemia virus, b-tropic murine leukemia virus, and m ... | 2017 | 27748043 |
| insights into the molecular and biological features of the dutpase-related gene of bovine immunodeficiency virus. | this study was stimulated by our previous research of the dutpase-related protein from bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) (voronin et al., 2014). despite the lack of detectable enzymatic biv dutpase activity (both of the recombinant protein and in virions), mutating the dutpase gene was deleterious to viral production. however, cdna synthesis and integration were apparently unaffected. consequently, we have studied here two important issues. first, we showed that in cdna produced by the dutpase ... | 2017 | 28342388 |
| association between enteric protozoan parasites and gastrointestinal illness among hiv- and tuberculosis-infected individuals in the chowke district, southern mozambique. | human immune deficiency virus (hiv) and tuberculosis (tb) infections remain major public health issues globally, particularly in sub-saharan africa. impairment of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity by hiv and/or tb infections may limit the host's defences against other pathogens, including the diarrheagenic protozoan cryptosporidium spp., giardia intestinalis, and entamoeba histolytica. during september-december 2015 a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and molecul ... | 2017 | 28302528 |
| conserved interaction of lentiviral vif molecules with hiv-1 gag and differential effects of species-specific vif on virus production. | the virion infectivity factor (vif) open reading frame is conserved among most lentiviruses. vif molecules contribute to viral replication by inactivating host antiviral factors, the apobec3 cytidine deaminases. however, various species of lentiviral vif proteins have evolved different strategies for overcoming host apobec3. whether different species of lentiviral vif proteins still preserve certain common features has not been reported. here, we show for the first time that diverse lentiviral v ... | 2017 | 28122978 |
| retroviruses and microtubule-associated motor proteins. | retroviruses are obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells. after reverse transcription, the viral dna contained in the preintegration complex is delivered to the nucleus of the host cell, where it integrates. before reaching the nucleus, the incoming particle and the preintegration complex must travel throughout the cytoplasm. likewise, the newly synthesized viral proteins and viral particles must transit the cytoplasm during exit. the cytoplasm is a crowded environment, and simple d ... | 2017 | 28643392 |
| first evidence of bovine immunodeficiency virus infection in mexican cattle. | this study set out to identify the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) in animals geographically located in mexico. biv was first discovered in the united states in a dairy cow with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphocytic encephalitis. many studies indicate that biv infection is globally distributed, but its presence in mexico remains unknown. we collected 1,168 heparinized blood samples from cattle in ten states across the mexican republic, then separated plas ... | 2020 | 32129921 |