Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| benzimidazole derivatives: new enhancers of influenza virus multiplication. | the enhancing activity of 5-methyl-2-d-ribobenzimidazole on influenza b (lee) virus yield in chorioallantoic membranes from 10-day old embryonated eggs was compared with that of eight other polyhydroxyalkyl-benzimidazoles. no marked differences in activity were noted with the following six derivatives: 5,6-dimethyl-2-d-ribo; 2-d-gluco; 5-methyl-2-d-gluco; 5,6-dimethyl-2-d-gluco; 5-methyl-2-d-galacto; and 5-methyl-2-l-rhamno. none caused morphological damage to the membranes at a concentration of ... | 1973 | 4744010 |
| trials of aqueous killed influenza vaccine in canada, 1968-69. | the appearance of the pandemic a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) influenzavirus strain provided an opportunity for a clinical field trial of influenza vaccines in canada during the winter of 1968-69. as by november 1968 there were reports of influenza b activity and as supplies of a2/hk/68 vaccines were limited, it was decided to make a series of strictly randomized double-blind trials comparing a2/hk/68 vaccines not only with b/mass/66 vaccines but also with a bivalent vaccine that was already in product ... | 1973 | 4605401 |
| the sequential appearance of antibody and immunoglobins in nasal secretion after immunization of volunteers with live and inactivated influenza b virus vaccines. | the sequential development of the immune response in nasal washings was studied in 54 volunteers immunized with either attenuated or inactivated influenza b/eng/13/65 virus vaccines.eleven of the 15 volunteers given the inactivated vaccine by deep subcutaneous inoculation showed no rise in nasal wash protein or immunoglobins due to the immunization procedure nor was specific neutralizing antibody detected in their nasal washings after immunization. neutralizing antibody was detected in nasal was ... | 1973 | 4518342 |
| polypeptide composition of influenza b viruses and enzymes associated with the purified virus particles. | influenza b/lee/40, b/rome/1/67, b/hong kong/8/73, and b/victoria/98926/70 viruses have a similar polypeptide composition as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these viruses are composed of six or seven polypeptides, depending on whether one or two high-molecular-weight polypeptides are resolved, ranging in molecular weights from 27,000 to 90,400. three of these polypeptides, namely the heavy and light hemagglutinin chains and the neuraminidase, have attached ... | 1973 | 4359955 |
| in vitro antiviral activity and preliminary clinical trials of a new adamantane compound. | a compound, 1'-methyl spiro (adamantane-2,3'-pyrrolidine) maleate, chemically related to the antiviral drug amantadine, was tested for activity in vitro against a number of human respiratory viruses. by a variety of techniques, it was shown to be active against a wide range of human and animal influenza a viruses. the effect was, however, variable and ranged from high activity against two 1957 asian strains to no observable activity against a 1971 strain. like amantadine, the drug did not inhibi ... | 1973 | 4364762 |
| antigenic variants of influenza b virus. | from 1967 to 1971 little antigenic variation was detected in the prevalent influenza b viruses but in december 1972 a new antigenic variant of influenza b was isolated in hong kong from sporadic cases of influenza. the new variant, b/hong kong/5/72, possessed a haemagglutinin antigen which showed considerable antigenic differences from that of former influenza b strains while its neuraminidase antigen was closely related to that of the earlier, 1967-71, isolates. the b/hong kong/5/72 variant bec ... | 1973 | 4201694 |
| [studies of the antigenic structure and biological properties of influenza b virus]. | 1973 | 4204765 | |
| in vitro effect of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (virazole, icn 1229) on deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses. | virazole (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a highly soluble new synthetic nucleoside having significant, reproducible activity against a broad spectrum of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses in vitro. the drug inhibited viral cytopathogenic effects in monolayers of cells infected for 3 days with type 3 adeno, types 1 and 2 herpes, myxoma, cytomegalo, vaccinia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, types 1a, 2, 8, 13, and 56 rhino, types 1 and 3 parainfluenza, v ... | 1973 | 4208281 |
| clinical and laboratory studies on haemorrhagic fever in burma, 1970-72. | this three-year serologic study of 2 060 children with a clinical diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever, who were admitted to the children's hospital and other hospitals in rangoon, has shown that the etiology of the illness was multiple. of all these patients, 347 (16.8%) had a dengue infection (96 with primary and 251 with secondary dengue infections), 510 (24.7%) had chikungunya infections, 55 (2.7%) had simultaneous chikungunya and dengue, 263 (12.8%) had influenza a infections, 62 (3.0%) had infl ... | 1974 | 4282477 |
| serological studies with purified neuraminidase antigens of influenza b viruses. | neuraminidase (n) can be extracted from virus particles of influenza b strains by treatment with trypsin, in a form which is free from the viral ha and has specific immunological activity. the n antigen of b/lee/40 behaves differently from that of 1965-6 strains in gel diffusion and enzyme inhibition tests with animal antisera raised by infection or by artificial immunization with the homologous or heterologous strains. the frequency and titres of ni antibody detected in human sera by b/lee anti ... | 1974 | 4206835 |
| comparison of immunofluorescence and isolation techniques in the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections of children. | the immunoflourescent antibody technique (ifat) and cell culture isolation procedures were compared for their efficiency in the etiological diagnosis of viral respiratory illness in children. before the ifat was incorporated as a routine procedure, antisera used in the test were carefully calibrated to insure specificity. a study was then conducted in which 375 nasopharyngeal suctions were investigated by both ifat and isolation for the presence of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, respirat ... | 1974 | 4367119 |
| a seven-year study of who virus laboratory reports on respiratory viruses. | in 1963 the world health organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. by 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. the present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses a, b, and c, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, rhinovirus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae during 1967-73. in the northern hemisphere, from which over 95% of the reports were received, a clear pattern of the se ... | 1974 | 4377240 |
| biophysical and immunological studies on the differential effect of guanidine hydrochloride on type a and type b influenza viruses. | guanidine hydrochloride selectively inactivated both the biological activity and the immunogenicity of the haemagglutinin of influenza a/x-7 (hon2). the residual neuraminidase was fully active biologically and immunologically. the reverse was observed with influenza b/rob; with this virus the haemagglutinin was resistant, and was immunogenic; while the neuraminidase was selectively inactivated, and was not immunogenic. | 1974 | 4522244 |
| immunity to influenza in ferrets. vii. effect of previous infection with heterotypic and heterologous influenza viruses on the response of ferrets to inactivated influenza virus vaccines. | normal ferrets did not produce serum antibody following immunization with 200 i.u. of inactivated a/hong kong/68 influenza virus vaccine and were found to be susceptible to subsequent challenge infection with a/hong kong/68 virus. high titres of virus were recovered from nasal washings collected 3 days after infection, serum antibody was produced, increased nasal protein was detected and hi antibody was detected in nasal washings. ferrets infected with influenza virus a/pr/8/34 7 weeks before im ... | 1974 | 4522247 |
| [antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in strains of influenza b virus isolated in italy in the years 1962, 1967 and 1971]. | 1974 | 4425573 | |
| [editorial: influenza b]. | 1974 | 4446548 | |
| [identification of yamagata strain of influenza b virus]. | 1974 | 4446561 | |
| a controlled trial of inactivated monovalent influenza a vaccines in general practice. | a trial of influenza a vaccines in general practice is described. five hundred and seven subjects were vaccinated with either inactivated monovalent a/hong kong vaccine, a/england vaccine or influenza b vaccine as control. local reactions were noted in 24% and general reactions in 12% of patients. antibody titres in serum were measured by haemagglutination inhibition (hi) and complement fixation (cf) tests in 465 subjects. the influenza vaccines produced substantial increases in both homologous ... | 1974 | 4608708 |
| letter: cross-immunity to influenza b virus strains. | 1974 | 4613428 | |
| letter: influenza b and prevention of reye's syndrome. | 1974 | 4827636 | |
| letter: role of influenza b infections in reye's syndrome. | 1974 | 4831489 | |
| temporary paralysis in childhood after influenza b. | 1974 | 4143314 | |
| genetic recombination for antigenic markers of antigenically different strains of influenza b virus. | incorporation of trypsin in agar overlay or fluid maintenance media resulted in enhancement of plaquing efficiency and replication of influenza b viruses in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts. using this improved technique, recombination was attempted with two serologically distinct strains of influenza b virus, b/lee/40 and b/massachusetts/1/71. after mixed infection, two virus clones were selected and characterized in detail. hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests showe ... | 1974 | 16789141 |
| letter: temporary paralysis in childhood after influenza b. | 1975 | 45999 | |
| gastric 'flu influenza b causing abdominal symptons in children. | influenza-b virus was identified in 102 children admitted to hospital during two epidemics in 1973 and 1974, enzbling the symptomatology of infection with this virus to be assessed in detail for the first time. abdominal pain, often severe enough to require differentiation from acute appendicitis, emerged as a dominant symptom, especially in older children. respiratory symptoms were often insignificant, although the lower respiratory tract was sometimes involved. other symptoms in some children ... | 1975 | 46444 |
| increased influenza pneumonia mortality of mice adoptively immunized with node and spleen cells sensitized by inactivated but not live virus. | syngeneic mice adoptively immunized intravenously with 25 million washed node and spleen cells from donors vaccinated subcutaneously with formolized influenza a pr8 had a higher mortality with influenza pneumonia after challenge with homologous virus than occurred in recipients of similar cells from unsensitized donors, and this increased mortality was prevented by treatment of the sensitized cells with antithymocyte serum. mice adoptively immunized with cells from donors vaccinated with formoli ... | 1975 | 47313 |
| myxoviruses. | myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types a,b and c. influenza b and c are purely human pathogens but influenza a, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. all influenza a viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. the epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an import ... | 1975 | 47825 |
| [studies of the influenza epidemic of january-march, 1974]. | in an epidemiologic, clinical and viral study of several influenza foci in some urban districts of romania during january-march 1974, 23 influenza virus b hong-kong 8/73 strains were isolated. the dynamics of hai serum antibodies confirmed the viral diagnosis. the epidemic ran a slow course, affecting especially the 14-25 years age group and had an evident benign clinical aspect. | 1975 | 128103 |
| [details of the evolution of the influenza epidemic process in the city of bucharest in 1974]. | the present paper reports on the results of a complex epidemiologic survey of the epidemiologic potential of influenza in bucharest in 1974, conducted on the basis of a complete, unitary methodology including; (a) dynamic survey of the morbidity and mortality from influenza, with statistical-mathematical processing of the data per age group and total population; (b) monthly sero-epidemiologic survey of the antiinfluenza immunologic profile of the population, determined in lots of 540 sera (annua ... | 1975 | 128104 |
| [relations between the principal classes of serum immunoglobulins and serodiagnostic tests in viroses. i. influenza infection]. | the relationship between the main serum immunoglobulin classes (igm, igg) and the positive diagnostic serologic tests (hemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation) followed up in 30 paired serum samples from patients in the course of a primary influenza infection with b virus strain, before and after treatment with 2-me, showed actual participation of the igm molecules sensitive to 2-me in the cf test. hi with the serum fractions of patients and convalescents of influenza b, in the prese ... | 1975 | 128106 |
| serologic studies of acute respiratory infections in military personnel. | the advantages, disadvantages, and uses of serological epidemiology are discussed in relation to acute respiratory infections in military personnel. the prevalence of antibody reflects both current and past experience with respiratory agents and is a measure of susceptinility. incidence data calculated by testing two serial serum samples, on entry and discharge from the service, has indicated high influenza and mycoplasma pneumoniae rates in south american recruits and low rates of adenovirus ... | 1975 | 169640 |
| [quantitative and virus specific serum igm detection in newborns (author's transl)]. | serum igm concentration was determined in umbilical cord blood samples from 1000 newborns. 34 cases presenting elevated igm values (greater than or equal to 30 mg%) were tested for virus specific igm antibodies. we could demonstrate such virus specific igm antibodies against cytomegalovirus (4), against rubella, influenza a and influenza b (2 each) and against coxsackie virus (1). the quantitation of igm in blood samples of child bearing women showed no elevated values compared to those of non-p ... | 1975 | 173647 |
| the influence of substances changing the intracellular concentration of cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate on interferon synthesis in chick embryo cell culture. | the influence of cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp), adrenalin and theophylline on interferon synthesis induced by influenza b virus (lee strain) in chick embryo cell cultures was studied. in 5-day-old cell culture, theophylline was shown to enhance the inhibiting effect of exogenous camp and adrenalin on interferon synthesis and in 1-day-old culture, on the contrary, to enhance interferon production whereas adrenaline under these conditions had no effect on interferon synthesis at all. ... | 1975 | 174527 |
| [effect on drugs changing the intracellular level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate on interferon formation in chick embryo cells of different ages]. | the effect of theophylline and adrenaline on the synthesis of interferon induced by the influenza b virus, strain lee, in a chick embryo tissue culture was studied. both preparation were found to decrease interferon synthesis when 5-day-old cultures were used; the inhibitory effect was increased when the two drugs were used together. the degree of inhibition of interferon production depended on a dose of the preparation; the inhibition was still present even when the drugs ere introduced several ... | 1975 | 177123 |
| [determination of antibody specificity to a new influenza b virus variant by means of the immunoadsorption test]. | immunoadsorption test was used for determination of the strainspecificity of antibody to a new antigenic variant of influenza b virus (b/hong kong/5/72 and b/yamagata/1/73) in human sera collected in april, 1973--march, 1974. the new strains were shown to be circulating in moscow city only late in february and in march 1974. the experimental data show the immunoadsorption test to give more definite ideas not only on the qualitative differences between strains but also on the specificity of the i ... | 1975 | 766407 |
| reye's syndrome and post-influenza-b hepatotoxicity. | 1975 | 1114852 | |
| structural polypeptides of antigenically distinct strains of influenza b virus. | analyses of the polypeptide composition of influenza b viruses by 13 per cent sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are reported. the viruses contained polypeptides of eight species ranging in molecular weight from 27,000 to 78,000. four of them were glocypeptides and were selectively removed from the surface of the virion by bromelain treatment. one of the blycopeptides was identified as viral neuraminidase. three antigenically distinct strains of influenza virus, b/lee/40, b/massachusetts/1/7 ... | 1975 | 1137502 |
| intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccine in a boys' boarding school. | an influenza b epidemic which occurred in a boys' boarding school during the early part of 1974 is described; 41 per cent of the boys, 30 per cent of the masters and 38 per cent of the house masters developed influenza. the incidence of influenza was similar in all blocks in the school but variable in the boys' houses. the four-day half-term holiday which took place in the middle of the epidemic was of undoubted value in curtailing the spread of infection. intranasal vaccination with a vaccine w ... | 1975 | 1144287 |
| [is there evidence for antigenic drift of influenza c viruses? (author's transl)]. | antigenic differences between the influenza c strains c/1233/47 (taylor), c/paris/1/67 and strains isolated in johannesburg 1967 have been reported (pereira, 1969). our experiments performed with chicken immune sera did not differentiate clearly between the strains c/paris/1/67 and c/jhb/4/67, however, antigenic differences between the strains c/1233/47 and the strains isolated in 1967 could be confirmed. these antigenic differences were found to be of approximately the same degree as those obse ... | 1975 | 1154916 |
| reye's syndrome: epidemiologic and viral studies, 1963-1974. | fifty-eight children with reye's syndrome (rs) confirmed by liver biopsy were treated at the university of cincinnati between 1963 and 1974. cases were clustered in the winter and spring with the peak in february and march. these coincided with the occurrence of influenza and, numerically, were associated more closely with influenza b than with influenza a. six of the 58 cases were associated with chickenpox. twenty-six children with rs were seen from 1963 to 1971, before the beginning of a syst ... | 1975 | 1155430 |
| influenza surveillance in the united states 1972-1974. | individual cases of influenza are not reported nationally to the center for disease control (cdc). other methods of surveillance, therefore, must be used to estimate the extent and impact of influenza in the country. in the past, cdc has performed telephone surveys during the respiratory season and tabulated mortality due to pneumonia and influenza from 121 cities. the telephone data vary considerably from state to state and are only a general assessment of influenza activity. tabulation of infl ... | 1975 | 1163528 |
| nosocomial influenza infection as a cause of intercurrent fevers in infants. | all patients on an infants' ward manifesting intercurrent fevers were studied for viral and bacterial etiology during a community outbreak of influenza a. during a one-month period, of 29 infants admitted to the ward, 17 were hospitalized for seven or more days. intercurrent fever complicated the course of 13 (76%) of these 17 infants. nosocomially acquired influenza a infection was found in 13 infants. two of these also contracted a dual infection with influenza b. the fever lasted an aver ... | 1975 | 1168894 |
| [epidemiological phenomenon and antigenic study of influenza b]. | 1975 | 1169550 | |
| reye syndrome with associated influenza a and b infection. | in early 1974, seventeen children were treated for reye syndrome. thirteen of these were studied for laboratory evidence of concomitant viral infection. influenza b/hong kong was isolated from the pharynx in four of nine 1974 cases tested. one child had just recovered from varicella. adenovirus type 2 and respiratory syncytial virus were isolated from two additional patients. serologic tests for influenza suggested concomitant or recent influenza b infection in ten of 13 of 1971 cases. during fe ... | 1975 | 1174373 |
| inhibition of the replication of influenza a and b viruses by a nucleoside analogue (ribavirin). | a synthetic nucleoside analogue 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboamide (ribavirin or rtca) inhibits the replication of tissue culture of influenza b virus and also a wide range of influenza a viruses of human, animal and avian origin. the synthesis of influenza virus-induced antigens and also structural and non-structural polypeptides is inhibited by rtca as detected by immunofluorescence and by pulse labelling experiments with [35s]-methionine. the inhibitory effects of rtca on infl ... | 1975 | 1176969 |
| the growth cycle of influenza viruses as studied in touch preparations of the allantoic layer of chick embryos. 4. the growth cycle of influenza b virus: presence of basophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of cam epithelial cells. | the infectious cycle of influenza b virus occurring at the allantoic layer of embryonated eggs has been studied by means of cytological and immunofluorescence techniques utilizing touch preparations. the infectious cycle of the virus resembles closely that of influenza a virus. influenza b virus, regardless of the dose inoculated, affected the strata of the allantoic layer to a different extent. it totally destroyed the surface stratum (major growth cycle) in about 20 hours time when a 10(8) id5 ... | 1975 | 1202873 |
| permanent canine kidney (mdck) cells for isolation and plaque assay of influenza b viruses. | a wide range of influenza b virus strains with various passage histories uniformly formed well-defined clear plaques with high efficiency in cultures of an established line of canine kidney cells (mdck). pfu titers of the viruses assayed in mdck exceeded the titers assayed in ovo. with recently isolated strains such as b/hong kong/5/72 and gifu/2/73, the pfu/eid50 ratios were as high as 100 to 400. mdck cells have been successfully employed for primary isolation of influenza b viruses from throa ... | 1975 | 1214707 |
| the effect of atp on lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) activity and influenza b virus multiplication. | the authors investigated the effect of atp, an energy supplying substance, on the activity of ldh, an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway and on the multiplication of influenza virus strain b/singapore in embryonate hen eggs. in the presence of atp the increase in ldh activity could be detected from the first 1-3 hours and became obvious after 24 hours; likewise, virus multiplication was more intensive so that the hemagglutinating (ha) activity appeared 12 hours earlier than in controls and the inc ... | 1975 | 1216689 |
| [comparative study on the properties of influenza b viruses isolated in 1959-1974]. | the biological properties and antigenic structure of the following influenza b virus strains were compared: moscow/likh/59, moscow/106/62, moscow/1/66, hong kong/5/72, yamagata/73 and ussr/01/4. the influenza b virus strains isolated in 1972-1974 differed by hemagglutinin from those isolated in 1959-1966. the variability of hemagglutinin correlated with that of neuraminidase. yamagata/73 virus occupied a special position both with regard to the structure of surface antigens and to some other bio ... | 1975 | 1216839 |
| dengue haemorrhagic fever in burma. | although sporadic from 1965 to 1969, a major outbreak of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) occurred for the first time in rangoon in 1970. since then the disease has occurred every year in rangoon and is now observed to be expanding to other urban areas in the country. the clinical diagnosis of dhf was confused by concurrent outbreaks of influenza a in 1971 and influenza a and b in 1972. a laboratory study of 3,447 clinically diagnosed haemorrhagic fever cases showed that 1643 cases (47.8%) were d ... | 1975 | 131977 |
| cytopathological and cytochemical studies in respiratory viruses in tissue-cultured cells. i. infection with influenza a2 and influenza b viruses. | 1975 | 814092 | |
| clinical reactions and serologic response following inactivated monovalent influenza type b vaccine in young children and infants. | a monovalent, zonally purified, inactivated influenza b vaccine was administered to 29 children, 3 to 6 years of age, and 16 infants, 12 to 28 months of age, as a single dose of 0.25 ml containing 250 chick cell agglutinating units. the vaccine was both antigenic and well tolerated in the older group of preschool children. in the infants the vaccine was also antigenic but poorly tolerated clinically. febrile reactions to 102 or greater were seen in 9 of the 16 infants, and two of these infants e ... | 1976 | 1245939 |
| acute myositis associated with influenza b infection. | an epidemic of acute myositis affecting children occurred in association with influenza b infections. the myositis followed the initial influenza-like episode, and almost exclusively involved the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. patients improved without specific treatment and made a complete recovery in four to five days. laboratory studies characteristically showed elevated cpk, sgot values, and a low peripheral white blood cell count. influenza b virus was isolated from 11 of the 17 patients ... | 1976 | 1250660 |
| detection of bacterial antigen in pleural fluid by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | pleural fluid specimens from 87 patients were studied using counterimmunoelectrophoresis with pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and hemophilus influenza b antisera. this method compared favorably with traditional bacteriologic methods and in addition provided a presumptive etiologic diagnosis in more than half of the specimens with negative bacterial cultures. one cross-reaction between h. influenza b antiserum and a pleural fluid specimen with an escherichia coli isolate was observed. | 1976 | 1255310 |
| mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with epidemic influenza. | the in vitro responses to pha (phytohemagglutinin) of lymphocytes from 14 patients with influenza a and 4 patients with influenza b infection were found decreased as compared with the responses to the same mitogen demonstrated in lymphocytes obtained from the same patients after recovery. lymphocytes from 6 of the patients with influenza a were examined for pwm (pokeweed mitogen) stimulability and a decrease was found during the influenza infection. the decrease of pha response during the acute ... | 1976 | 1265448 |
| double-blind clinical assessment of ribavirin (virazole) in the prevention of induced infection with type b influenza virus. | the prophylactic effectiveness of oral administration of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,24-triazole-3-carboxamide, virazole) against artificially induced influenza b infection was evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial. fifteen seronegative men received ribavirin capsules (600 mg/day in three divided doses), and 15 other men received placebo capsules two days before the inoculation of 6.4 x 10(4) 50% tissue culture infective doses of influenza virus b/georgia/26/74 and for eight days af ... | 1976 | 778306 |
| use of an inhibitor-resistant live attenuated influenza vaccine in normal and asthmatic adults. | the efficacy of a monovalent live attenuated influenza a (h3n2) vaccine (an inhibitor-resistant recombinant strain named "alice") and of a bivalent vaccine composed of "alice" and influenza b strain r75 (also inhibitor-resistant), was tested in healthy and asthmatic adults. two intranasal doses of the monovalent "alice" vaccine were given to 95 healthy adults in the winter of 1973-74. ninety-three % of 68 subjects with initial serum hemagglutination (hi) titers of less than or equal to 1:40 had ... | 1976 | 782967 |
| seroepidemiological survey of hospital-associated populations in colombo, sri lanka. | almost 1,500 sera from hospital-associated groups in colombo, sri lanka were tested for antibodies against melioidosis, scrub typhus, influenza, and group b arboviruses. a low prevalence of antibodies was found against meliodosis and scrub typhus. crude prevalence rates of more than 50% were encountered for antibodies against a influenza, and there was no apparent difference in rates when these were analysed according to age, sex, or ethnic background. influenza b antibodies were more prevalent ... | 1976 | 829175 |
| [importance of replacing the support medium for viral interferonogenesis in tissue culture]. | interferonogenesis in the cells of chick embryos induced by strain lee of influenza b virus was studied. the levels of interferon production with and without changing the medium before the cell inoculation with the interferonogens were compared. it was shown that preliminary changing of the medium resulted in a statistically reliable increase in production of interferon as compared to that without the medium changing. it was found that the increase in the synthesis of interferon under the condit ... | 1976 | 179461 |
| [aetiological studies on viral pneumonia (author's transl)]. | 401 cases of viral pneumonia diagnosed between january 1973 and august 1975 were investigated serologically by the complement-fixation test. the percentage distribution of the responsible pathogenic organism in this series of cases was as follows: influenza virus a 45.9%, mycoplasma pneumoniae 19.5%, coxsackie b viruses 9.2%, cytomegalovirus 7.5% and chlamydia psittaci 8.5%. the remaining 9.4% cases were caused by adeno, parainfluenza, measles, influenza b, herpes simplex and respiratory syncyti ... | 1976 | 185813 |
| [results of serologic surveys of children with acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis]. | the materials of serologic surveys of 269 children with acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis hospitalized in children's infectious hospital no. 3, leningrad, are presented. acute stenosing laryngotracheobronchitis developed most frequently against the background of low titres of antibody to viruses of the respiratory group. severe cases of the disease were caused by influenza a2 virus, milder cases by influenza b, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial and adenoviruses. | 1976 | 188258 |
| virus infections and acute renal transplant rejection. | the date of onset of 360 acute renal transplant rejection episodes from 1969 to 1973 have been compared with the prevalence of various common viral infections and infections due to mycoplasma pnuemoniae. a positive correlation was found for influenza b infections (r=0.43, p less than 0.01) up to 5 months before transplantation and for adenovirus infections (r=0.32, p less than 0.05) at 1 month before kidney grafting. | 1976 | 175308 |
| influenza at christ's hospital: march, 1974. | boys in a boarding-school given inactivated influenza-a or influenza-b vaccine have been observed during a simultaneous outbreak of influenza due to a/port chalmers, b/hong kong, and b/intermediate strains. influenza-b vaccine conferred substantial protection, the attack-rates in boys given b vaccine being 24% compared with 45% in a control group. a/hong kong vaccine, by preventing infection during the previous influenza a/england outbreak, left the boys vulnerable to influenza a/port chalmers. ... | 1976 | 54631 |
| influenza virus subunit vaccines. ii. immunogenicity and original antigenic sin in humans. | subunit vaccines containing hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and nucleocapsids of a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus were prepared after treatment of purified virus with ammonium deoxycholate. the immunogenicity of these subunits and the response to the common and specific antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits were studied in man. the subunits were as immunogenic in man as intact inactivated influenza virus vaccine at an equivalent concentration. booster doses of antigen did ... | 1976 | 59787 |
| rnas of influenza a, b, and c viruses. | the nucleic acids of influenza a, b, and c viruses were compared. susceptibility to nucleases demonstrates that influenza c virus, just as influenza a and b viruses, possesses single-stranded rna as its genome. the base compositions of the rnas of influenza a, b, and influenza c virus are almost identical and comparative analysis on polyacrylamide gels shows that the genome of influenza c/gl/1167/54 virus, like that of the rnas of influenza a and b viruses, is segmented. eight distinct rna bands ... | 1976 | 944790 |
| an influenza b epidemic among children in day-care. | an outbreak of influenza virus type b infections occurred in the frank porter graham day care center from february to april, 1974. during the epidemic there were 27 isolations of influenza b virus from 20 children. one half of these were obtained from children who were well at the time of culturing. attack rates as determined by virus isolation and seroconversion for most age groups approximated the 40% rate for the entire population. clinical and microbiological data from this study were compar ... | 1976 | 958761 |
| influenza virus isolations from dogs during a human epidemic in taiwan. | during an islandwide outbreak of human influenza in june and july 1971, throat swabs were taken from dogs and cats in 3 urban communities of taiwan. eight influenza isolates were obtained from dogs in july 1971: two were identified as influenza a closely related to the human hong kong/68 virus, and one was a strain of influenza type b closely resembling human influenza b virus. the latter is the first such reported isolation from dogs under natural conditions. | 1976 | 977232 |
| [interferonogenic capacity of strains influenza b virus and their sensitivity to exogenous interferon]. | this study is a continuation of the investgation of the influence of endogenous and exogenous interferon on influenza infection. influenza b virus strains, both laboratory and fresh isolates, were found to be poor interferon inducers in contrast to influenza a virus strains. the study also showed that influenza b virus strains not only induced endogenous interferon poorly but were also resistant to exogenous interferon. this evidence points to marked differences of the investigated influenza b v ... | 1976 | 983000 |
| a nationwide outbreak of reye's syndrome. its epidemiologic relationship of influenza b. | between december 15 and june 30, 1974, 379 cases of confirmed reye's syndrome were reported to the center for disease control. of these, 316 occurred during february and march 1974. a simultaneous surveillance system for influenza b indicated that this clustering of cases of reye's syndrome correlated both temporally and geographically with influenza b outbreaks. the incidence of reye's syndrome was higher in rural than in urban centers. epidemiologically, two groups of cases of reye's syndrome ... | 1976 | 984065 |
| ultrastructural studies of influenza c. ii. von magnus phenomenon. | influenza c was propagated by serial undiluted passage; conditions known to produce non-infectious (von magnus) particles with influenza a and b. following each passage infectious material was assayed for infectivity and haemagglutinating activity and the values related by calculating the log difference between infectivity and haemagglutinating titre (i:a ratio). infectious material from each pass was examined for ultrastruct aberrations by negative strain electron microscopy. influenza c exhibi ... | 1976 | 994856 |
| isolation, purification and characterization of polypeptides of influenza and parainfluenza viruses. note iii. polypeptides of three influenza virus strains isolated in romania. | an analysis is presented of the nature, number and relative molecular mass of the polypeptides of three influenza virus strains-a/romania 1/73 (h3n2), a/romania 1/75 (h3n2), and b/romania 34/74-isolated during different epidemic outbreaks. the results obtained indicate some similarities between the protein subunits of the two influenza a virus strains (as concerns virus surface and nucleocapsid components) and point out the particular properties of the influenza b strain. | 1976 | 1006977 |
| a comparison of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants admitted to hospital with acute respiratory infections. | among 741 children under 5 years admitted to hospital with respiratory infections during two winters, infection with influenza a virus was diagnosed in 70 (9%), with influenza b virus in 8 (1%), and with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in 259 (35%). both influenza virus and rsv infections were diagnosed most frequently in children under the age of one year, and diagnosed more frequently in males than females. influenza illnesses were more severe in boys than girls. both infections occurred mor ... | 1976 | 1069818 |
| effect of adamantane derivatives on the activity of orthomyxovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | the effect of several adamantane derivatives on the activity of virion-associated rna-dependent rna polymerase of fowl plague virus (fpv) and influenza b virus was studied in vitro. some of the derivatives inhibited the activity of the polymerase by 60 per cent. a correlation was established between the previously demonstrated capacity of these inhibitors to suppress orthomyxovirus reproduction in vivo and their ability to reduce the activity of virion-associated rna-dependent rna polymerase in ... | 1976 | 9825 |
| influenza surveillance 1972-75. by the public health laboratory service standing advisory committee on influenza. | the surveillance programme described in an earlier report was used to monitor outbreaks of influenza in three successive winters. influenza virus a was active in all of them, but the only major outbreak of influenza b was in 1973--4. the highest incidence of influenza a was in the 0--4 age group in all three winters, but schoolchildren bore the brunt of infections by influenza virus b. | 1977 | 265344 |
| systemic reactions to influenza b vaccine. | standard whole virus influenza vaccine (1974-1976) containing 700 chicken cell agglutinating (cca) units of type a (port chalmers/1/75) or port chalmers plus scotland/840/74) and 500 units of type b (hk/8/73) antigens was found to produce excessive systemic toxicity in adult volunteers. using experimental monovalent a and b vaccines, most of the observed toxicity was shown to be associated with the b antigen. injection of 500 cca units or more of b vaccine was followed within 10-16 hours by mala ... | 1977 | 322477 |
| evaluation of the single radial hemolysis test for measuring hemagglutinin- and neuraminidase-specific antibodies to h3n2 influenza strains and antibodies to influenza b. | antibodies to the h3 hemagglutinin of influenza a virus could be specifically measured by single radial hemolysis (srh) when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant h3 hemagglutinin antigen and irrelevant neq1 neuraminidase of a/equine/prague/1/56 virus. antibodies to influenza b virus could also be measured by the srh technique. antibody rises to influenza a or b virus measured by srh agreed with results of hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests for about 80% of the sera ... | 1977 | 323281 |
| [reye syndrome (author's transl)]. | reye's syndrome is characterized by severe encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of the liver. probably this is a polyetiological syndrome. in most cases the disease is preceded by influenza b or varicella infection. as known to date, damage to mitochondria is the essential feature. therapy is symptomatic. a review is given of the clinical symptoms and of the many unsolved problems of pathogenesis. | 1977 | 327146 |
| influenza surveillance of wisconsin (usa) population-detection of a/new jersey by isolation and serologic monitoring and vaccine evaluation. | the 1976-77 influenza surveillance in wisconsin consisted of three major areas of study. serum and virus isolation specimens were obtained from the practicing medical community and from epidemiologic studies. from all sources 1,132 throat specimens were tested by egg and tissue culture inoculations. three isolations similar to a/new jersey/8/76 were recovered from pig farm associated patients. one contact with one of the isolate patients seroconverted to a/new jersey suggesting patient to patien ... | 1977 | 342315 |
| clinical and serologic effects of live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant influenza b vaccine in seronegative adults. | the clinical effects, nasal and serum antibody responses, and virus excretion of a live attenuated serum inhibitor-resistant influenza b virus vaccine, r75, was evaluated in 43 seronegative healthy adults by a random double-blind study. symptom responses were minimal and were not significantly different between vaccine and placebo groups. no fevers, abnormalities in physical examination or laboratory testing developed during 4 weeks of observation. among vaccinees, 10 (48%) developed serum hemag ... | 1977 | 344835 |
| simple mathematical deductions in the seroepidemiology of viral infections. ii. (para) myxoviruses (measles, mumps, influenza b), rubella, enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie b), adenoviruses, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. | large samples of nonselected persons collected in south-west germany were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to poliovirus 1-3 and coxsackievirus b 1-5 (neutralisation test), to measles, rubella, and mumps (hemagglutination inhibition test), mumps, influenza b, adenovirus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae (complement-fixation test). according to "catalytic models", which compare the infection spread to simple chemical reactions of molecules as self-limiting procedures, a mathematical a ... | 1977 | 196454 |
| [immunofluorescent method of studying autopsy material in acute pneumonia]. | the immunofluorescent procedure in examinations of the autopsy material from 304 fatal cases hospitalized for acute pneumonia permitted to diagnose influenza a2 in 29.0%, influenza b in 18.1%, parainfluenza in 3.5%, adenovirus infection in 9.2% and respiratory syncytial virus infection in 3.5% of the cases. in the period of a high incidence of acute respiratory infection, influenza a2 was detected by this method in 40.9% and influenza b in 50% of the cases. simultaneous examinations of the mater ... | 1977 | 198964 |
| biomedical survey in irian jaya (west irian), indonesia. | a biomedical survey was conducted in several areas of irian jaya, indonesia in july 1972 in association with an investigation of reports of a cholera outbreak. stool specimens, blood smears and sera were collected and examined for evidence of parasitic as well as other infectious diseases. a total of 114 stools were examined and the most commonly found intestinal parasites were trichuris trichiura (94%), ascaris lumbricoides (74%), hookworm (58%), entamoeba coli (15%), endolimax nana (8%), entam ... | 1977 | 208184 |
| selection of influenza b virus recombinants and their testing in humans for attenuation and immunogenicity. | the selection of influenza b virus recombinants from plaques in bovine kidney cell monolayers is described. two sets of recombinants were each derived from parents of high and low virulence for humans, respectively. recombination frequency was apparently high, and reassortment of genes made it possible to obtain attenuated recombinants containing the surface antigens of the virulent parents. attenuation and immunogenicity were demonstrated in a series of volunteer trials. however, technique prov ... | 1977 | 844900 |
| influenza b-associated reye's syndrome: incidence in michigan and potential for prevention. | prospective surveillance for reye's syndrome in michigan revealed the occurrence of 46 cases between december 15, 1973 and june 1, 1974. in an attempt to determine the incidence of influenza b-associated reye's syndrome, a randomized point-prevalence survey of 1,041 schoolchildren was done in a county in michigan where there had been simultaneous outbreaks of influenza b and reye's syndrome. of the children tested, 20% had titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza virus b/hong ... | 1977 | 850077 |
| an outbreak of influenza b in a closed community school in uganda. | 1977 | 852457 | |
| influenza immunization: serologic and clinical responses in military units. | two inactivated influenza-virus vaccines were tested and compared in three army training units in israel. the serological responses to the vaccines and the side-effects were assessed. the vaccines contained the influenza strains which were prevalent in 1974: a2/port chalmers/1/73 and b/hong kong/8/73. one of the vaccines also contained a2/england/42/72. both vaccines caused a more than three-fold rise in geometric mean titers against influenza a strains, and about a twofold rise in geometric mea ... | 1977 | 881264 |
| intradermal administration of bivalent and monovalent influenza vaccines. | intradermal (id) administration of 0.1 ml of a bivalent influenza vaccine containing 40 cca units each of influenza a/new jersey (hswine 1n1) and a/victoria (h3n2) virus antigens and of a monovalent vaccine containing 100 cca units of influenza b/hong kong virus to 70 adult volunteers produced no serious reactions and only 7% bothersome side effects. excluding persons with high (1:64 or greater) initial antibody titers, then 90% and 85% of persons had fourfold or greater rises in hai antibodies ... | 1977 | 889154 |
| potentiation of the immune response to influenza virus subunit vaccines. | influenza subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic in unprimed lower animals and man and methods were sought to potentiate the humoral response. influenza b intact virus vaccines potentiated the antibody response of hamsters to purified vaccines containing influenza a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits. the levels of anitbody induced were at least as high as those induced by equivalent doses of whole virus. similarly, intact heterologous influenza a virus vaccine (a/victoria/3/75 [h3n2]) po ... | 1977 | 915292 |
| diagnostic criteria for influenza b-associated reye's syndrome: clinical vs. pathologic criteria. | between december 15, 1973, and jun 30, 1974, a total of 379 cases of reye's syndrome was reported to the center for disease control. one hundred forty-seven (40%) were confirmed by either autopsy or biopsy, while 232 were diagnosed by clinical and laboratory parameters. comparisons of the epidemiologic and demographic characteristics, the hospital course, the outcome, and the laboratory abnormalities of the clinically diagnosed and the pathologically confirmed cases revealed no significant diffe ... | 1977 | 917632 |
| genetic relationship between an influenza a and a b virus. | the base sequence homology between all eight 32p-labelled rna segment of fowl plague virus (fpv) and the complementary rna (crna) of an influenza b virus (b-mass), and between segment 8 of virus n and the crna of the same influenza b strain has been determined. all segments of fpv and segment 8 of virus n show a significant base sequence homology, ranging from 18 to 50% suggesting that influenza a and b viruses have a common ancestor. the conserved regions in segments 4,6 and 8 of the influenza ... | 1977 | 925682 |
| monitoring of influenza in israel 1976/77. | the main objectives of the monitoring were: (1) to define the prevalent virus involved in influenza activity: (2) to determine the time of its occurrence; and (3) to evaluate its extent and impact. a sudden rise in the frequency of visits associated with acute respiratory conditions in the age group 0-14 to the emergency rooms of 14 hospitals throughout the country, correlated well with the start of influenza b/hong kong activity; this was simultaneously attested by two different laboratories. t ... | 1977 | 604128 |
| experiments in the preparation of live influenza b vaccines. | a study is described of the selection of influenza b virus recombinants. three virulent viruses isolated in 1970, 1970 and 1973, were crossed with host-range mutants of low virulence for man, which had originally been isolated in 1940, 1959 and 1956, respectively. nine presumptive recombinants were inoculated into volunteers with low initial hi antibody titres. although a number proved attenuated and there was evidence of high frequency of recombination, antigenic characterization of neuraminida ... | 1977 | 604138 |
| reactogenicity and immunogenicity of bivalent influenza a and monovalent influenza b virus vaccines in high-risk children. | seventy-nine high-risk children were immunized with either commercial, bivalent, split-product influenza a vaccine or purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase bivalent influenza a vaccine, and 78 of these subjects were immunized with commercial, monovalent, influenza b split-product vaccine. the reactogenicity of all three vaccines was low, and there were no severe reactions. twenty-nine subjects who received hemagglutinin-neuraminidase vaccine as their initial dose and commercial split-product vac ... | 1977 | 606790 |
| [influenza b epidemic of january-april 1977 in moldavia. epidemiological, clinical and virological data[]. | 1977 | 613410 | |
| clinical trial with "r-75" strain live, attenuated, serum inhibitor-resistant intranasal influenza b vaccine. | the "r-75" strain live, attenuated, serum inhibitor-resistant influenza b vaccine was administered intranasally by drops in two doses 14 days apart to 21 volunteers. each vaccinee was paired with a close associate (roommate or workmate) who similarly received two doses of a placebo solution. although about 50% of both vaccine and placebo recipients complained of symptoms after dosage, the severity of symptoms was greater in vaccine recipients. fourfold serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody ... | 1977 | 328526 |
| haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against influenza a and influenza b in maternal and neonatal sera. | haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies against the influenza viruses a/hong kong/8/68 (h3n2) and b/nederland/77/66 were determined in 420 paired sera from mothers and newborns (umbilical cord sera), sampled in 1970-1. a higher concentration of antibodies against influenza a virus was found more frequently in neonatal than in maternal sera. by contrast, low titres against influenza b virus were more frequently observed in neonatal than in maternal sera. maternal age, duration of pregnancy, ... | 1978 | 621378 |
| identification of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of influenza b virus. | the genome of influenza b viruses was shown by electrophoresis to consist of eight rna segments. the fifth largest segment coded for hemagglutinin and the sixth coded for neuraminidase. | 1978 | 625089 |
| effect of blood group determinants on binding of human salivary mucous glycoproteins to influenza virus. | we have demonstrated that the inhibitor of influenza b virus hemagglutination in human saliva is inactivated by neuraminidase and is associated with the mucous glycoprotein fraction (blood group substance) of this secretion. inhibitory activity of saliva was found to be roughly proportional to its sialic acid content (r = 0.456). however, the minimal quantity of salivary sialic acid, neutral sugar, or blood group antigen required to inhibit virus hemagglutination was greater for secretors of a a ... | 1978 | 638205 |
| [neonatal infection and high igm at birth]. | to determine the concentration of igm to be used as intrauterine infection indicator, the sera of 2,906 newborns were studied. five hundred and sixty-three (19.4%), showed high concentrations of igm and out of 199 pair sera studied, serologic evidence of infection was found in 21.1%. out of these cases, 80.9% showed no clinical disturbances during their first two months of life. the agents most frequently found responsible for intrauterine infection were cytomegalovirus, influenza a2 h-k, influe ... | 1978 | 646887 |
| [effect of colchicine on virus-induced interferon synthesis in chick embryo cells]. | colchicine, at a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) m (0.2 microgram/ml), inhibits interferon synthesis induced by thelee strain of influenza b virus in chick embryo cells, but it does not influence the release of preformed interferon from cells. the same drug concentration does not affect the overall synthesis of cellular rna and protein. the inhibition of interferon synthesis by colchicine is a temperature-dependent process and is not manifested at 0 degrees c. colchicine is found to be most effectiv ... | 1978 | 653826 |