Publications

viral meningitis.		18174598
mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil.	this study aimed to verify the diversity of culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in cuiabá, state of mato grosso, brazil. mosquitoes were captured with nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. p ...	26784852
is transfusion-transmitted dengue fever a potential public health threat?	dengue is an arboviruses due to single-stranded enveloped ribonucleic acid viruses, named dengue viruses (denv), that include four serotypes and are mainly transmitted via the bite of mosquitoes of the genus aedes (a. aegypti and a. albopictus). the distribution of the disease was historically limited to intertropical areas; however, during the last thirty years, the perimeter of the disease extended considerably and temperate areas are now at risk of outbreaks. the present global burden of deng ...	25964876
serologic survey of west nile virus in horses from central-west, northeast and southeast brazil.	since the emergence of west nile virus (wnv) in north america in 1999, there have been several reports of wnv activity in central and south american countries. to detect wnv in brazil, we performed a serological survey of horses from different regions of brazil using recombinant peptides from domain iii of wnv. positive samples were validated with the neutralisation test. our results showed that of 79 elisa-positive horses, nine expressed wnv-specific neutralising antibodies. eight of the infect ...	24037110
west nile virus and its theories, a big puzzle in mexico and latin america.	it has been 13 years since the first outbreak of west nile virus (wnv) occurred in the americas. since then, thousands of human cases have been reported in the united states. in contrast, there has not yet been an outbreak of wnv in any latin american countries, including mexico where <20 cases have been reported. we aimed to review publications to gather the main theories related to the fact that not all the countries of the continent reported human cases or that they have reported few cases si ...	24672180
generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against prm protein of west nile virus.	west nile virus (wnv), which is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus with increasing distribution worldwide, is the cause of major human and animal health concerns. the pre-membrane (prm) protein of wnv is cleaved during maturation by the furin protease into the structural protein m and a pr-segment. in this study we generated and characterized a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the wnv prm protein. western blot analysis showed that the mab reacted with wnv prm specifically. immunohistochemistry a ...	25514166
vaccine delivery with microneedle skin patches in nonhuman primates.		24316643
semaphorin7a: branching beyond axonal guidance and into immunity.	semaphorins are a family of proteins that were originally described for their role in axonal guidance. studies now show that semaphorins encompass many physiological functions outside of the nervous system, including immune responses. semaphorin7a (sema7a) belongs to the "immune" semaphorin group and has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating immune responses. in this review, we discuss the structure and function of sema7a as well as its role in innate and adaptive immunity [corrected]. ...	24222277
toward proof of concept of a one health approach to disease prediction and control.	a one health approach considers the role of changing environments with regard to infectious and chronic disease risks affecting humans and nonhuman animals. recent disease emergence events have lent support to a one health approach. in 2010, the stone mountain working group on one health proof of concept assembled and evaluated the evidence regarding proof of concept of the one health approach to disease prediction and control. aspects examined included the feasibility of integrating human, anim ...	24295136
a retrospective study of non-suppurative encephalitis in beef cattle from western canada.	non-suppurative encephalitis occurs sporadically in beef cattle in western canada, leading to loss of animals. this retrospective study investigated the presence of viral, bacterial, and protozoal antigens or dna in 37 western canadian feedlot cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis for which a cause had not been identified. cases were selected based on the age of the animal (> 7 months), and clinical history of recumbency and depression. the identification of rabies in 1 case stresses the impo ...	24293671
isolation and characterization of broad and ultrapotent human monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic activity against chikungunya virus.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-transmitted rna virus that causes acute febrile infection associated with polyarthralgia in humans. mechanisms of protective immunity against chikv are poorly understood, and no effective therapeutics or vaccines are available. we isolated and characterized human monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that neutralize chikv infectivity. among the 30 mabs isolated, 13 had broad and ultrapotent neutralizing activity (ic50 < 10 ng/ml), and all of these mapped to domain ...	26159721
human nk cell repertoire diversity reflects immune experience and correlates with viral susceptibility.	innate natural killer (nk) cells are diverse at the single-cell level because of variegated expressions of activating and inhibitory receptors, yet the developmental roots and functional consequences of this diversity remain unknown. because nk cells are critical for antiviral and antitumor responses, a better understanding of their diversity could lead to an improved ability to harness them therapeutically. we found that nk diversity is lower at birth than in adults. during an antiviral respons ...	26203083
interferon-λ: immune functions at barrier surfaces and beyond.	when type iii interferon (ifn-λ; also known as interleukin-28 [il-28] and il-29) was discovered in 2003, its antiviral function was expected to be analogous to that of type i ifns (ifn-α and ifn-β) via the induction of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). although ifn-λ stimulates expression of antiviral isgs preferentially in cells of epithelial origin, recent studies have defined additional antiviral mechanisms in other cell types and tissues. viral infection models using mice lacking ifn-λ signaling ...	26200010
clinical reasoning: a 44-year-old woman with rapidly progressive weakness and ophthalmoplegia.		26195241
advances and controversies in yellow fever vaccination.	ever since its development in 1937, the live-attenuated 17d yellow fever (yf) vaccine has been one of the most effective vaccines available to man. in this review we highlight the major steps in the development of 17d yf vaccine. we discuss the use of neutralizing antibodies as a surrogate marker for protection, and explore the strengths and weaknesses of the current plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt), a technique developed in the 1960s that continues to be superior to every modern test ...	24757521
west nile virus, texas, usa, 2012.	during the 2012 west nile virus outbreak in texas, usa, 1,868 cases were reported. male patients, persons >65 years of age, and minorities were at highest risk for neuroinvasive disease. fifty-three percent of counties reported a case; 48% of case-patients resided in 4 counties around dallas/fort worth. the economic cost was >$47.6 million.	24210089
probability mapping to determine the spatial risk pattern of acute gastroenteritis in coimbatore district, india, using geographic information systems (gis).	maps show well the spatial configuration of information. considerable effort is devoted to the development of geographical information systems (gis) that increase understanding of public health problems and in particular to collaborate efforts among clinicians, epidemiologists, ecologists, and geographers to map and forecast disease risk.	26170544
space technologies for health.	space science and satellite technologies hold untapped potential for public health, according to a new expert group that will deliver its proposals to the united nations general assembly in new york next month. pascal michel talks to fiona fleck.	26478608
leuconostoc sp. meningitis in a patient treated with rituximab for mantle cell lymphoma.	we present a 64-year-old man who was treated with r-chop (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemoimmunotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma and developed purulent meningitis, probably caused by leuconostoc sp. the patient had severe hypogammaglobulinemia, which is a possible complication of rituximab therapy. to our knowledge and after reviewing the available medical literature, this is the first described case of purulent meningitis caused by leuconostoc s ...	26376594
roles of regulated intramembrane proteolysis in virus infection and antiviral immunity.	regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip) is a signaling mechanism through which transmembrane precursor proteins are cleaved to liberate their cytoplasmic and/or luminal/extracellular fragments from membranes so that these fragments are able to function at a new location. recent studies have indicated that this proteolytic reaction plays an important role in host-virus interaction. on one hand, rip transfers the signal from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to nucleus to activate antiviral genes i ...	24099010
humoral immunity in humanized mice: a work in progress.	humanized mice historically have not been good models of human humoral immunity induced by either infection or immunization. however, newer versions of humanized mice generated in severely immunodeficient mice with a targeted disruption of the il2rγc gene have recently been reported to produce antigen-specific class-switched human antibodies, with some demonstrating neutralizing activities. here we review the growing ability of humanized mice to support the study of human humoral immune response ...	24151323
west nile virus and the 2012 outbreak: the baylor university medical center experience.	west nile virus (wnv) has been responsible for multiple outbreaks and has shown evolution in its clinical manifestation. the centers for disease control and prevention has provided diagnostic criteria in classifying the variety of wnv infection; however, application of these criteria can prove challenging during outbreaks, and understanding the array of presentations and patient population is clinically important. in this article, we present the challenges encountered during the 2012 outbreak at ...	26130870
improved immunogenicity of individual influenza vaccine components delivered with a novel dissolving microneedle patch stable at room temperature.	prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics relies on widespread vaccination coverage to induce protective immunity. in addition to a good antigenic match with the circulating viruses, the effectiveness of individual strains represented in the trivalent vaccines depends on their immunogenicity. in this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of h1n1, h3n2, and b seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains delivered individually with a novel dissolving microneedle patch and the stability ...	25895053
susceptibility of carrion crows to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 west nile viruses.	west nile virus (wnv) outbreaks in north america have been characterized by substantial die-offs of american crows (corvus brachyrhynchos). in contrast, a low incidence of bird deaths has been observed during wnv epidemic activity in europe. to examine the susceptibility of the western european counterpart of american crows, we inoculated carrion crows (corvus corone) with wnv strains isolated in greece (gr-10), italy (fin and ita09), and hungary (578/10) and with the highly virulent north ameri ...	26197093
13th ers lung science conference. the most important take home messages: news from the underground.	the 13th ers lung science conference (lsc) was organised to bring academics together from all over the world to present and discuss the latest developments regarding lung infection and immunity. the conference took place in breathtaking estoril, portugal; however, it wasn't the beautiful surroundings that were our main motivation to attend, but instead the scientific merit of the conference and the chance to create new scientific collaborations. the scientific programme [1] was packed with the m ...	26306116
fresh whole blood transfusion capability for special operations forces.	fresh whole blood (fwb) transfusion is an option for providing volume and oxygen carrying capacity to bleeding special operations soldiers who are injured in an austere environment and who are far from a regular blood bank. retrospective data from recent conflicts in iraq and afghanistan show an association between the use of fwb and survival. we reviewed the literature to document the issues surrounding fwb transfusion to special operations soldiers in the austere environment and surveyed the l ...	26100776
geographic variation in adult survival and reproductive tactics of the mosquito aedes albopictus.	climate differences across latitude can result in seasonal constraints and selection on life history characters. since aedes albopictus (skuse) invaded north america in the mid-1980s, it has spread across a range of approximately 14 degrees latitude and populations in the north experience complete adult mortality due to cold winter temperatures that are absent in the south. life table experiments were conducted to test for differences in the adult survival and reproductive schedules of ae. albop ...	18402136
recommendations from the tuscan transfusion system on the appropriate use of solvent/detergent-inactivated fresh-frozen plasma.		18661921
the international polar year, 2007-2008, an opportunity to focus on infectious diseases in arctic regions.	on 3 occasions over the past 125 years, scientists from around the world have worked together to organize scientific and exploration activities in polar regions (www.ipy.org). the first international polar year (ipy) in 1881-1884 marked the first major coordinated international scientific initiative to collect standardized meteorological and geophysical data in polar regions. fifteen expeditions led by 12 nations amassed a large amount of data, but the scientific value was diminished by disjoint ...	18258069
emerging viral diseases.		18491811
professional development for prospective epidemiology teachers in grades 6-12.		18770914
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents: benefits and risks in supportive care of cancer.	anemia, already common in cancer patients, is often exacerbated by chemotherapy. cancer patients who are anemic have been shown to have a blunted response for production of endogenous erythropoietin growth factor. this anemia can be corrected with exogenous erythropoietin growth factors, of which three available are worldwide: epoetin alfa, epoetin beta, and darbepoetin alfa. collectively, these drugs are known as erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (esas). orders for esas have been used not only ...	18231643
the krever commission--10 years later.		18025432
climate of change.		17984479
analysis of an sir epidemic model with pulse vaccination and distributed time delay.	pulse vaccination, the repeated application of vaccine over a defined age range, is gaining prominence as an effective strategy for the elimination of infectious diseases. an sir epidemic model with pulse vaccination and distributed time delay is proposed in this paper. using the discrete dynamical system determined by the stroboscopic map, we obtain the exact infection-free periodic solution of the impulsive epidemic system and prove that the infection-free periodic solution is globally attract ...	18322563
integrating public health and primary care.	improved health and social outcomes would be possible with better coordination and collaboration between public health and primary care. the purpose of this study is to identify linkages between these health sectors with the aim of informing a forward-looking policy approach to integrate public health functions in primary care.	19305749
frequency-dependent selection in a periodic environment.	we examine the action of natural selection in a periodically changing environment where two competing strains are specialists respectively for each environmental state. when the relative fitness of the strains is subject to a very general class of frequency-dependent selection, we show that coexistence rather than extinction is the likely outcome. this coexistence may be a stable periodic equilibrium, stable limit cycles of varying lengths, or be deterministically chaotic. our model is applicabl ...	17940581
live donor liver transplantation without blood products: strategies developed for jehovah's witnesses offer broad application.	developing strategies for transfusion-free live donor liver transplantation in jehovah's witness patients.	15273561
sprawl: the new manifest destiny?		15289182
global nitrogen: cycling out of control.		15238298
transmission of babesia microti parasites by solid organ transplantation.	babesia microti, an intraerythrocytic parasite, is tickborne in nature. in contrast to transmission by blood transfusion, which has been well documented, transmission associated with solid organ transplantation has not been reported. we describe parasitologically confirmed cases of babesiosis diagnosed ≈8 weeks posttransplantation in 2 recipients of renal allografts from an organ donor who was multiply transfused on the day he died from traumatic injuries. the organ donor and recipients had no i ...	27767010
thoughts around the zika virus crisis.	as a lot of reviews are available on zika virus (zikv), in this short commentary, we will focus on the recent advances and gaps in knowledge regarding our understanding of zikv infections and on the reaction to the "zikv crisis."	27832453
letter to the editor: the first tick-borne encephalitis case in the netherlands: reflections and a note of caution.		27719753
assay optimization for molecular detection of zika virus.	to examine the diagnostic performance of real-time reverse transcription (rt)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for zika virus detection.	27994281
west nile infections are occurring early in north america.		15191970
living with the plagues.		15237495
west nile update - preparing for summer 2004.		19657510
dual emergence of usutu virus in common blackbirds, eastern france, 2015.		27869608
reemergence of st. louis encephalitis virus, california, 2015.	st. louis encephalitis virus infection was detected in summer 2015 in southern california after an 11-year absence, concomitant with an arizona outbreak. sequence comparisons showed close identity of california and arizona isolates with 2005 argentine isolates, suggesting introduction from south america and underscoring the value of continued arbovirus surveillance.	27869600
author's reply: the first tick-borne encephalitis case in the netherlands: reflections and a note of caution.		27719758
idiopathic multifocal choroiditis.	idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (mfc) and/or punctate inner choroidopathy (pic) describe a chronic progressive bilateral inflammatory chorioretinopathy that predominantly affect healthy myopic white women with no known associated systemic or ocular diseases. the principal sites of involvement are the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) and outer retinal spaces; the choroid is not affected during the active phase of the disease. idiopathic mfc with atrophy is a recently described variant. although ...	27994812
the mysterious zika virus: adding to the tropical flavivirus mayhem.	until now, known as the demure cousin of dengue virus (denv) inhabiting africa, zika virus (zikv) has reinvented itself to cause explosive epidemics captivating the western hemisphere. the outbreak causing potential for zikv was realized when it made its way from africa to yap island micronesia in 2007, and in french polynesia in 2013. from there, it moved on to brazil in 2015. now zikv has infected people in more than 33 countries in central and south america and the caribbean. moreover the epi ...	27763483
vector-borne disease, cities, and climate change.		27737979
long-term health risks in childhood cancer survivors.		27757006
contribution of dengue fever to the burden of acute febrile illnesses in papua new guinea: an age-specific prospective study.	malaria is a major contributor to the burden of febrile illnesses in papua new guinea (png). dengue fever (df) is likely to contribute; however, its epidemiology in png is poorly understood. we performed a prospective age-stratified study in outpatient clinics investigating the prevalence of df; 578 patients were enrolled, and 317 patients with a negative rapid diagnostic test (rdt) for malaria were tested for dengue. malaria was confirmed in 52% (301/578, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 48-56%), ...	21734138
using foresight to prepare animal health today for tomorrow's challenges.	foresight has been introduced in canada in the area of animal health as a process to broaden thinking about the future and inform policy development. its initial use and evolution through projects and studies over the past decade are described, demonstrating real action in animal health. despite positive, continuing, and exciting results in animal health policy development, foresight's widespread acceptance and use thus far have been limited. critical components for success, drawn from the canad ...	22131576
west nile virus transmission: results from the integrated surveillance system in italy, 2008 to 2015.	in italy a national plan for the surveillance of imported and autochthonous human vector-borne diseases (chikungunya, dengue, zika virus disease and west nile virus (wnv) disease) that integrates human and veterinary (animals and vectors) surveillance, is issued and revised annually according with the observed epidemiological changes. here we describe results of the wnv integrated veterinary and human surveillance systems in italy from 2008 to 2015. a real time data exchange protocol is in place ...	27684046
culex mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit zika virus.	we report that two laboratory colonies of culex quinquefasciatus and culex pipiens mosquitoes were experimentally unable to transmit zikv either up to 21 days post an infectious blood meal or up to 14 days post intrathoracic inoculation. infectious viral particles were detected in bodies, heads or saliva by a plaque forming unit assay on vero cells. we therefore consider it unlikely that culex mosquitoes are involved in the rapid spread of zikv.	27605159
experimental investigation of the susceptibility of italian culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus infection.	we investigated the susceptibility of an italian population of culex pipiens mosquitoes to zika virus (zikv) infection, tested in parallel with aedes aegypti, as a positive control. we analysed mosquitoes at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 20 and 24 days after an infectious blood meal. viral rna was detected in the body of cx. pipiens up to three days post-infection, but not at later time points. our results indicate that cx. pipiens is not susceptible to zikv infection.	27605056
zika in the united states: how are we preparing?		27581255
daily reportable disease spatiotemporal cluster detection, new york city, new york, usa, 2014-2015.	each day, the new york city department of health and mental hygiene uses the free satscan software to apply prospective space-time permutation scan statistics to strengthen early outbreak detection for 35 reportable diseases. this method prompted early detection of outbreaks of community-acquired legionellosis and shigellosis.	27648777
blood substitutes: evolution from noncarrying to oxygen- and gas-carrying fluids.	the development of oxygen (o2)-carrying blood substitutes has evolved from the goal of replicating blood o2 transport properties to that of preserving microvascular and organ function, reducing the inherent or potential toxicity of the material used to carry o2, and treating pathologies initiated by anemia and hypoxia. furthermore, the emphasis has shifted from blood replacement fluid to "o2 therapeutics" that restore tissue oxygenation to specific tissues regions. this review covers the differe ...	23820271
facts and ideas from anywhere.		21738306
an unusual case of urinary retention and ulcerative cystitis in a horse, sequelae of pelvic abscessation, and adhesions.	a 21-year-old quarter horse gelding was presented with stranguria and incontinence of 10 days duration. despite catheterization and antibiotic therapy, the horse was euthanized. necropsy revealed posterior abdominal and pelvic abscessation with adhesions of the urinary bladder and severe ulcerative cystitis.	24155465
pulmonary tumor embolism syndrome from occult colonic adenocarcinoma.	pulmonary tumor embolism syndrome is a rare phenomenon that can occur in patients who have an occult neoplasm that metastasizes. we describe a case of an elderly woman with an undiagnosed colon cancer who suffered from respiratory distress and compromised pulmonary blood flow from micrometastasis in the pulmonary arteries.	23814395
herpes simplex virus meningitis complicated by ascending paralysis.	a case of herpes simplex virus (hsv) meningitis complicated by ascending paralysis with almost complete recovery following antiviral treatment is reported. we present this case to illustrate the importance of including hsv-induced neuropathy in the differential diagnosis of acute neurologic symptoms following the viral illness.	23814385
phs guideline for reducing human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis b virus, and hepatitis c virus transmission through organ transplantation.		23814319
predicted and observed mortality from vector-borne disease in small songbirds.	numerous diseases of wildlife have recently emerged due to trade and travel. however, the impact of disease on wild animal populations has been notoriously difficult to detect and demonstrate, due to problems of attribution and the rapid disappearance of bodies after death. determining the magnitude of avian mortality from west nile virus (wnv) is emblematic of these challenges. although correlational analyses may show population declines coincident with the arrival of the virus, strong inferenc ...	23956457
agroinfiltration as an effective and scalable strategy of gene delivery for production of pharmaceutical proteins.	current human biologics are most commonly produced by mammalian cell culture-based fermentation technologies. however, its limited scalability and high cost prevent this platform from meeting the ever increasing global demand. plants offer a novel alternative system for the production of pharmaceutical proteins that is more scalable, cost-effective, and safer than current expression paradigms. the recent development of deconstructed virus-based vectors has allowed rapid and high-level transient ...	25077181
algorithmic approach in the diagnosis of uveitis.	uveitis is caused by disorders of diverse etiologies including wide spectrum of infectious and non-infectious causes. often clinical signs are less specific and shared by different diseases. on several occasions, uveitis represents diseases that are developing elsewhere in the body and ocular signs may be the first evidence of such systemic diseases. uveitis specialists need to have a thorough knowledge of all entities and their work up has to be systematic and complete including systemic and oc ...	23803476
cell culture and electron microscopy for identifying viruses in diseases of unknown cause.	during outbreaks of infectious diseases or in cases of severely ill patients, it is imperative to identify the causative agent. this report describes several events in which virus isolation and identification by electron microscopy were critical to initial recognition of the etiologic agent, which was further analyzed by additional laboratory diagnostic assays. examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and nipah, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, west nile, cache valley, and he ...	23731788
flaviviruses in game birds, southern spain, 2011-2012.		23735195
regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis c virus.	hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a global public health problem involving chronic infection of the liver, which can cause liver disease and is linked with liver cancer. viral innate immune evasion strategies and human genetic determinants underlie the transition of acute hcv infection to viral persistence and the support of chronic infection. host genetic factors, such as sequence polymorphisms in ifnl3, a gene in the host interferon system, can influence both the outcome of the infection and the resp ...	23836238
vector competence of argentine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus (flaviviridae: flavivirus).	we examined the ability of culex pipiens l. complex mosquitoes from argentina to vector west nile virus (wnv) to assess their role in the transmission of wnv in south america. several egg rafts of culex spp. were collected from different breeding sites in the suburbs of the city of la plata, argentina, and a subset of each progeny was scored with morphological and genetic species indicators. surprisingly, we did not find cx. pipiens form pipiens, but found evidence of genetic hybrids of culex qu ...	23926785
overwintering biology of culex (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in the sacramento valley of california.	at temperate latitudes, culex (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes typically overwinter as adult females in reproductive arrest and also may serve as reservoir hosts for arboviruses when cold temperatures arrest viral replication. to evaluate their role in the persistence of west nile virus (wnv) in the sacramento valley of california, the induction and termination of diapause were investigated for members of the culex pipiens (l.) complex, culex tarsalis coquillett, and culex stigmatosoma dyar under ...	23926775
antibodies to west nile virus in wild and farmed crocodiles in southeastern mexico.	surveillance for evidence of west nile virus (wnv) infection in morelet's crocodiles (crocodylus moreletii) was conducted in campeche state, mexico, in 2007. sera from 62 crocodiles (32 free-ranging and 30 captive) were assayed for antibodies to wnv by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. antibodies to wnv were detected in 13 (41%) wild and nine (30%) captive crocodiles, and the overall antibody prevalence was 35%. although evidence of wnv infection in captive crocodiles has been ...	23778623
neurological complications of solid organ transplantation.	solid organ transplantation (sot) is the preferred treatment for an expanding range of conditions whose successful therapy has produced a growing population of chronically immunosuppressed patients with potential neurological problems. while the spectrum of neurological complications varies with the type of organ transplanted, the indication for the procedure, and the intensity of long-term required immunosuppression, major neurological complications occur with all sot types. the second part of ...	24167649
seroprevalence of anti-hcv antibodies among blood donors of north india.	transfusion of blood and blood products although considered as a life saving treatment modality, but may lead to certain infectious and non-infectious complications in the recipients. the purpose of this analysis was to monitor the seroprevalence of anti-hcv antibody in the blood donor population in a hospital based blood bank in north india, to evaluate the trends over the years (2001-2011).	24056566
infectious diseases of animals and plants: an interdisciplinary approach.	animal and plant diseases pose a serious and continuing threat to food security, food safety, national economies, biodiversity and the rural environment. new challenges, including climate change, regulatory developments, changes in the geographical concentration and size of livestock holdings, and increasing trade make this an appropriate time to assess the state of knowledge about the impact that diseases have and the ways in which they are managed and controlled. in this paper, the case is exp ...	21624914
more is more.		23735517
mosquitocidal properties of igg targeting the glutamate-gated chloride channel in three mosquito disease vectors (diptera: culicidae).	the glutamate-gated chloride channel (glucl) is a highly sensitive insecticide target of the avermectin class of insecticides. as an alternative to using chemical insecticides to kill mosquitoes, we tested the effects of purified immunoglobulin g (igg) targeting the extracellular domain of glucl from anopheles gambiae (agglucl) on the survivorship of three key mosquito disease vectors: anopheles gambiae s.s., aedes aegypti and culex tarsalis. when administered through a single blood meal, anti-a ...	25994632
the unexpected roles of eukaryotic translation elongation factors in rna virus replication and pathogenesis.	the prokaryotic translation elongation factors were identified as essential cofactors for rna-dependent rna polymerase activity of the bacteriophage qβ more than 40 years ago. a growing body of evidence now shows that eukaryotic translation elongation factors (eefs), predominantly eef1a, acting in partially characterized complexes sometimes involving additional eefs, facilitate virus replication. the functions of eef1a as a protein chaperone and an rna- and actin-binding protein enable its "moon ...	23699257
blockade of interferon beta, but not interferon alpha, signaling controls persistent viral infection.	although type i interferon (ifn-i) is thought to be beneficial against microbial infections, persistent viral infections are characterized by high interferon signatures suggesting that ifn-i signaling may promote disease pathogenesis. during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection, ifnα and ifnβ are highly induced early after infection, and blocking ifn-i receptor (ifnar) signaling promotes virus clearance. we assessed the specific roles of ifnβ versus ifnα in controlling ...	25974304
backs against the wall: novel and existing strategies used during the 2014-2015 ebola virus outbreak.	the 2014-2015 outbreak of ebola virus (ebov), originating from guinea, is now responsible for the infection of >20,000 people in 9 countries. whereas past filovirus outbreaks in sub-saharan africa have been rapidly brought under control with comparably few cases, this outbreak has been particularly resistant to containment efforts. both the general population and primary health care workers have been affected by this outbreak, with hundreds of doctors and nurses being infected in the line of dut ...	25972518
caribbean heat threatens health, well-being and the future of humanity.	climate change has substantial impacts on public health and safety, disease risks and the provision of health care, with the poor being particularly disadvantaged. management of the associated health risks and changing health service requirements requires adequate responses at local levels. health-care providers are central to these responses. while climate change raises ethical questions about its causes, impacts and social justice, medicine and bioethics typically focus on individual patients ...	26180551
new and reemerging infectious diseases.		12974240
innovative surveillance methods for rapid detection of disease outbreaks and bioterrorism: results of an interagency workshop on health indicator surveillance.	a system designed to rapidly identify an infectious disease outbreak or bioterrorism attack and provide important demographic and geographic information is lacking in most health departments nationwide. the department of defense global emerging infections system sponsored a meeting and workshop in may 2000 in which participants discussed prototype systems and developed recommendations for new surveillance systems. the authors provide a summary of the group's findings, including expectations and ...	12893601
interferon-λ restricts west nile virus neuroinvasion by tightening the blood-brain barrier.	although interferon-λ [also known as type iii interferon or interleukin-28 (il-28)/il-29] restricts infection by several viruses, its inhibitory mechanism has remained uncertain. we used recombinant interferon-λ and mice lacking the interferon-λ receptor (ifnlr1) to evaluate the effect of interferon-λ on infection with west nile virus, an encephalitic flavivirus. cell culture studies in mouse keratinocytes and dendritic cells showed no direct antiviral effect of exogenous interferon-λ, even thou ...	25904743
facts and ideas from anywhere.		16278771
the 2nd meeting of the canadian animal health laboratorians network. may 4-7, 2003, ottawa, canada.		14601682
public health effects of inadequately managed stormwater runoff.	this study investigated the scale of the public health risk from stormwater runoff caused by urbanization.	12948975
mds 'r' us: holiday ideas for that special physician:.		14662682
evaluation of carbon dioxide- and 1-octen-3-ol-baited centers for disease control fay-prince traps to collect aedes albopictus.	during the summer of 2001, field studies were performed to evaluate the effects of carbon dioxide (co2) and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) on the ability to collect aedes albopictus with centers for disease control (cdc) fay-prince traps. results from these studies indicated that ae. albopictus is significantly more attracted to co2- or co2 + octenol-baited cdc fay-prince traps than unbaited or octenol-baited traps. however, the difference between the responses to co2 and co2 + octenol was not statistic ...	14710753
the sars outbreak and community paediatrics.		20019849
india, china face aids crisis.		12925443
epidemic infections and their relevance to the gulf and other arabian peninsula countries.		24019727
host factors in positive-strand rna virus genome replication.		12857886
chief medical officer's report on the nation's health: concerted action is needed to fight obesity, says chief medical officer.		12855501
academic affairs.		21765759
scanning the literature.		21765767