Publications

effectiveness of canine parvovirus vaccines.		1986	3025142
experimental infection of red fox with canine parvovirus.		1986	3026122
response of pups to modified-live canine parvovirus component in a combination vaccine.	twenty-eight pups from a general pet population were vaccinated for canine parvovirus (cpv) with a combination vaccine every 3 weeks until the pups were 11 to 16 weeks old. canine parvovirus antibody titers were measured by serum neutralization before each vaccination and greater than or equal to 2 weeks after the final vaccination. eighteen pups that initially were seronegative for cpv seroconverted after 1 to 3 doses of modified-live virus cpv vaccine administered when the pups were between 8 ...	1986	3700224
presence of antibody cross-reacting with canine parvovirus in the sera of dogs from greece.		1986	3705371
an improved hemagglutination test for study of canine parvovirus.	optimal conditions for hemagglutination (ha) by canine parvovirus (cpv) strains were investigated using several buffers. porcine erythrocytes often agglutinated spontaneously in phosphate-buffered salt solution, isotonic saline solution or barbitone-complement-fixation buffer. results were reproducible when borate-buffered saline (bbs) was used as the diluent for antigen, and "virus adjusting diluent" (vad), containing 0.15 m nacl and 0.3 m phosphate was used as the diluent for erythrocytes. hig ...	1986	3727364
repeated suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis following vaccinations of cpv-immune dogs with modified-live cpv vaccines.	a commercially available modified-live canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine was evaluated for its immunosuppressive properties in eight random-bred dogs, all with circulatory antibody to cpv. three of the eight dogs exhibited a significant decrease in lymphocyte blastogenesis after vaccine administration. in these dogs, this decrease in blastogenesis was of short duration and was consistently observed after repeated administrations of the vaccine. neither gastroenteritis, fever nor leukopenia, signs ...	1986	3776091
complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine parvovirus.	we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of bovine parvovirus (bpv), an autonomous parvovirus. the sequence is 5,491 nucleotides long. the terminal regions contain nonidentical imperfect palindromic sequences of 150 and 121 nucleotides. in the plus strand, there are three large open reading frames (left orf, mid orf, and right orf) with coding capacities of 729, 255, and 685 amino acids, respectively. as with all parvoviruses studied to date, the left orf of bpv codes for the nonstructural ...	1986	3783814
[canine parvovirus infection in dogs: an observation].		1986	3029891
polypeptide analysis with monoclonal antibodies of a type inclusion bodies induced by cowpox virus.	the antigen in a type inclusion bodies (atib) induced by cowpox virus (cpv) was examined by immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and polypeptide analysis. in the immunofluorescence (if) test, these monoclonal antibodies reacted only with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in cells infected with cpv. the fluorescence became detectable in the cells 6-9 hours after infection with cpv. no fluorescence was detectable in cells infected with cpv in the presence of cytosine-i-beta-d-arabinofu ...	1986	3521545
hemorrhage in lesions caused by cowpox virus is induced by a viral protein that is related to plasma protein inhibitors of serine proteases.	several recombinant cowpox viruses were constructed and used to identify a viral gene that controls the production of hemorrhage in lesions caused by the brighton red strain of cowpox virus (cpv-br). this gene is located in the kpnd fragment of cpv-br dna, between 31 and 32 kilobases from the end of the genome. this position corresponds well with that predicted from analyses of the dna structures of spontaneously generated deletion mutants. the gene responsible for hemorrhage encodes a 38-kda pr ...	1986	3532120
a new method for extracting circular and supercoiled genome segments from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	the genome of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) consisting of 10 segments was extracted by a new two-step extraction method. the results from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, phenol and diepoxybutane treatment and electron microscopic examination indicated the extracted genome segments to have circular and supercoiled structures as genome-protein(s) complexes. multiple cycles of the transcription of each segmented genome of cpv may take place on the circular structure of the segment.	1986	3539959
organization of nonstructural genes of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice.	regions of open reading frame (orf) from the genome of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (mvm) were cloned into a procaryotic expression vector, and bacterial fusion proteins containing mvm-specific amino acid sequences were isolated. antibodies raised against these proteins were used to immunoprecipitate viral proteins synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system programmed with mrna isolated from cells infected with mvm and a number of different parvovir ...	1986	2939261
antibodies against canine parvovirus in wolves of minnesota: a serologic study from 1975 through 1985.	serum samples (n = 137) from 47 wild wolves (canis lupus; 21 pups and 26 adults) were evaluated from 1975 to 1985 for antibodies against canine parvovirus, using the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. in addition, several blood samples (n = 35) from 14 of these wolves (6 pups and 8 adults) were evaluated simultaneously for erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, and for hemoglobin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations. sixty-nine (50%) of the serum samples (35 wolves) had hi titers of greater tha ...	1986	2851572
the protein subunits of the double-stranded rna dependent rna polymerase and methyltransferase of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm, bombyx mori.	the particles of cpv of silkworm contain double-stranded rna polymerase and methyltransferase. it was reported in a previous paper that the genome-enzyme complex could be isolated. the genome-enzyme complex shows high enzyme activity of rna polymerase and methyltransferase in spite of the fact that it consists of only 5 percent of the protein. in order to clarify the protein subunits of the rna polymerase and methyltransferase, two methods were adopted. the sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretog ...	1986	3299695
cross-reactivity among cowpox, ectromelia and vaccinia viruses with monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in a-type inclusion bodies.	several monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in a-type inclusion bodies (atib) induced by cowpox virus (cpv) were obtained to examine the cross-reactivity among various strains of poxviridae, comprising cpv, ectromelia virus (ev), vaccinia virus (vv) and shope fibroma virus (sfv). the monoclonal antibodies were classified into at least 3 groups on the basis of the results of an immunofluorescence test and immunoblotting; i. e., strain-specific, cpv and ev-specific an ...	1986	2430550
antigenic relationships among autonomous parvoviruses.	the antigenic relatedness of minute virus of mice (mvm), kilham rat virus (kr), h-1 virus (h-1), haemorrhagic encephalopathy of rats virus (her), porcine parvovirus (ppv), canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), goose parvovirus (gpv) and bovine parvovirus (bpv) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (fa) and by serum neutralization (sn). an antigenically related group comprising mvm, kr, her, ppv, cpv and fpv was recognized by fa and most reactions within the group were ...	1986	2432167
characterization and recombination mapping of an antigenic and host range mutation of canine parvovirus.	a mutant of canine parvovirus (cpv) was derived after culture of a highly passaged isolate of cpv in the nlfk feline cell line. the virus (cpv-102/10) differed from the parental strain in its antigenic type when tested with a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, and in its relative ability to replicate in a dog cell line or in dogs. the mutant formed little replicative form dna in the canine cells. five single recombinants and two double recombinants between cpv-102/10 and a wild type cp ...	1986	3942033
mastocytemia in dogs with acute inflammatory diseases.	nineteen dogs were identified that had mastocytemia (mast cells in venous blood samples) not associated with mast cell neoplasia. the first 10 dogs were identified by examination of blood films from dogs with suspected parvovirus enteritis (8), fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritis secondary to thoracic lacerations (1), and renal insufficiency of unknown cause (1). because of the apparent association with acute enteritis, blood films from 52 suspected canine parvovirus cases were examined retrosp ...	1986	15334338
purification of infectious canine parvovirus from cell culture by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies.	immuno affinity chromatography with virus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, directed to the haemagglutinating protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) was used to purify and concentrate cpv from infected cell culture. the procedure was monitored by testing the respective fractions in an infectivity titration system, in an elisa, in a haemagglutination assay and by negative contrast electron microscopy to quantify cpv or cpv antigen. the degree of purification was further estimated by testing the fra ...	1987	3294877
tandemly repeated sequences are present at the ends of the dna of raccoonpox virus.	the dna of raccoonpox virus (rcn) has been characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. dna hybridization studies showed that all hindiii fragments of the 215-kbp rcn dna share some nucleotide sequence similarity with fragments of the dna of cowpox virus (cpv). this information was used to construct a hindiii restriction map of the rcn dna. the nucleotide sequence of the 2.2-kbp sal 1 end fragment of the rcn dna has been determined from a cloned copy of the hindiii o fragment. of this 2.2-kb re ...	1987	2823468
comparisons of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, raccoon parvovirus, and mink enteritis virus and their pathogenicity for mink and ferrets.	parvoviruses from mink (mink enteritis virus [mev]), cats (feline panleukopenia virus [fpv]), raccoons (raccoon parvovirus [rpv]), and dogs (canine parvovirus [cpv]) were compared. restriction enzyme analysis of the viral replicative-form dna revealed no consistent differences between fpv and rpv isolates, but cpv and mev isolates could be distinguished readily from other virus types. feline panleukopenia virus, rpv, and mev, but not cpv, replicated to high titers in mink. however, on the first ...	1987	2823648
detection of antibody to canine parvovirus in dog sera by enzyme immunoassay.		1987	2823765
study of canine parvovirus polypeptides by immunoblot analysis.	the immunoblot analysis of canine parvovirus (cpv) polypeptides with 47 rat monoclonal antibodies (rh) has revealed four different types of reaction. many of these antibodies do not recognize the electroblotted proteins. however, among these monoclonals that do react, 12 recognize all three viral polypeptides (vp67, vp70 and vp85), 3 recognize preferentially the vp85 and one is exclusively directed against vp70. thus, three antigenic regions are proposed which correspond to domains of the cpv po ...	1987	3300603
failure of vaccine or virulent strains of canine parvovirus to induce immunosuppressive effects on the immune system of the dog.	it is generally believed that canine parvovirus (cpv) is immunosuppressive and that immunosuppression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of canine parvovirus disease. however, there is little experimental evidence to support this assertion. the effects of virulent and vaccine strains of cpv on natural effector (ne) cell activity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc), chemiluminescence (cl) of neutrophils, lymphocyte response to mitogen, specific antibody response to cpv, ...	1987	2855700
electron microscopy of crfk cells infected with canine parvovirus.		1987	2824905
canine parvovirus serology: a collaborative assay.	fifteen laboratories were supplied with coded samples of canine sera for testing for the presence of antibodies against canine parvoviruses. one of these sera had been designated as a potential british standard canine parvovirus antiserum. most of these laboratories were either providing a canine parvovirus serology service, or represented pharmaceutical companies which manufacture canine parvovirus vaccines for the united kingdom market. no attempt was made to influence the test methods used. t ...	1987	3590552
[parvovirus enteritis in dogs based on autopsy statistics 1978-1985].	the occurrence of canine parvovirus enteritis was monitored in post mortem record from 1978-1985. in a total of 7,615 canine necropsies 654 cases of parvovirus enteritis were diagnosed. the number of cases rose considerably in 1980, accounting for about 10% of the total of canine necropsies since then. seasonal distribution of cases shows a maximum in november, december, and january and a minimum in june, july and september. in german shepherds and yorkshireterriers parvovirus enteritis is diagn ...	1987	3035748
preliminary development of a live attenuated canine parvovirus vaccine from an isolate of british origin.	canine parvovirus isolated from a case of haemorrhagic enteritis in a breeding kennel in england was passaged and cloned in cultured feline and canine cells. no significant evidence of pathogenicity was found during six serial passages of the modified virus back through young dogs. the attenuated virus was excreted by inoculated animals and spread rapidly to uninoculated animals held in contact. when high titre attenuated virus was given to the six-week-old offspring of a seropositive dam a prom ...	1987	3035779
parvovirus-induced regression of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma.	in 1981, during the worldwide canine parvovirus (pv) epizootic, canine transmissible venereal sarcomas growing in beagles in a colony regressed earlier than expected after the dogs became infected with pv. subsequent studies revealed that modified-live pv vaccine (feline panleukopenia virus) was capable of preventing tumor transplantation when the vaccine was inoculated simultaneously with the tumor in a site distant from the implantation site. however, the pv vaccine had no effect if it was ino ...	1987	3035973
monoclonal antibodies to cowpox virus: polypeptide analysis of several major antigens.	monoclonal antibodies directed against major antigens induced by cowpox virus (cpv) were produced. the specificities of these antibodies were established by immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and several serological analyses, and from the cross-reactivities of these antibodies with cells infected with various other poxviruses, ectromelia virus (ev), vaccinia virus and shope fibroma virus. the antibodies defined included ones reacting with each of the known major antigens of poxviruses, i.e. the ...	1987	3806058
a nonstructural protein of feline panleukopenia virus: expression in escherichia coli and detection of multiple forms in infected cells.	sequences coding for the nonstructural protein ns1 of the autonomous parvovirus feline panleukopenia virus were expressed in escherichia coli as fusion proteins. the fusion proteins were specifically bound by antisera from canine parvovirus-infected dogs. antisera against one of the fusion proteins bound to several proteins found only in feline panleukopenia virus-infected feline cells.	1987	3027392
comparison of porcine parvovirus to other parvoviruses by restriction site mapping and hybridization analysis of southern blots.	the genomic relationship between porcine parvovirus (ppv) and several other autonomous parvoviruses was examined by restriction site and hybridization analysis. restriction site maps of the ppv genome were prepared by digesting the double-stranded replicative form of the viral dna with each of eight restriction enzymes. subsequent comparison of such maps with those previously reported for ppv, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), minute virus of mice (mvm), h-1 virus (h-1) ...	1987	3029312
serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens of wolves in alaska, 1975-1982.	serum samples were collected from 116 wolves which were captured in southcentral alaska during 1975 through 1982. antibodies to the following infectious disease agents were found: infectious canine hepatitis virus-72 of 87 (81%), canine parvovirus type 2-0 of 55 (0%) through 1979 and 10 of 32 (31%) after 1979, francisella tularensis-16 of 67 (25%), canine distemper virus-10 of 83 (12%), coxiella burnetti-5 of 95 (5%), rabies virus-1 of 88 (1%), brucella spp.-1 of 67 (1%), leptospira interrogans- ...	1987	3029442
[the growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures].	the growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus cpva-bn 80/82, mink enteritis virus meva-bn 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus fpva-bn 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line fe, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus cdv-f-bn 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (keb) and cultures of the stable cell line vero. when the fe cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at moi 2-4 tkid50 per cell, the first multiplication ...	1987	2827364
messenger rnas of a strongly-expressed late gene of cowpox virus contain 5'-terminal poly(a) sequences.	we have identified and characterized one of the most strongly-expressed genes of cowpox virus (cpv). this is the gene encoding the major protein component of the a-type inclusion bodies produced by this virus. this gene (designated the 160k gene) is transcribed late during the infection. analyses of its mrnas showed that these late rnas, unlike all other characterized late mrnas of poxviruses, are uniform in length. however, the most remarkable feature of the mrnas of the 160k gene is the struct ...	1987	2828037
inactivation of 12 viruses by heating steps applied during manufacture of a hepatitis b vaccine.	the efficacy of two heating cycles (90 sec at 103 degrees c and 10 hr at 65 degrees c) used during manufacture of a plasma-derived hepatitis-b vaccine was validated for the inactivation of 12 virus families. a period of 15 min warming up to 65 degrees c had already completely inactivated representatives of nine virus families, ie, poxvirus (vaccinia), picornavirus (encephalomyocarditis virus), togavirus (sindbis virus), coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus), orthomyxovirus (influenza virus), rhabd ...	1987	2828525
rapid detection of viral-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	the development of three separate rapid elisas for detecting antibodies in host serum to three different viruses is described. these include: 1. a direct antigen assay using enzyme labelled anti-canine ig for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus, 2. a competitive elisa using a feline infectious peritonitis virus-specific monoclonal antibody labelled with enzyme, and 3. a competitive elisa using an equine infectious anemia virus-specific monoclonal antibody and enzyme labelled antigen, p. 26 ...	1987	2829416
outbreak of canine parvovirus infection and its elimination in a closed beagle dog colony.		1987	2829474
a solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay for detecting canine or mink enteritis parvoviruses in faecal samples.	mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv) were detected in faecal samples from experimentally or naturally infected minks and dogs, respectively, using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads (immunobeads, ib) as the solid phase for immunofluorescence (if) tests. the specificity and sensitivity of the immunobead assay (iba) were studied by comparing it with an enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa), a haemagglutination (ha) test and an if test using tissue cultures. the iba was as sensitive ...	1987	2830702
a latex agglutination test for the detection of canine parvovirus and corresponding antibodies.	latex particles coated with rat monoclonal antibodies directed against a canine parvovirus are agglutinated by the virus antigens. in this study, the reaction was quantitated by a technique which had been described as immunoassay by particles counting. the method is as sensitive as a radioimmunoassay with the same antibody, but has the advantages of simplicity and safety. it allows the detection of parvoviral antigens to 4 ng/ml. incubation of these antigens with specific antibodies resulted in ...	1988	2832435
detection of parvoviruses in wolf feces by electron microscopy.	one hundred fifteen wolf (canis lupus) feces were collected between 1980 and 1984 from northeastern minnesota and were examined for canine parvovirus by negative contrast electron microscopy. of these, seven (6%) samples revealed the presence of parvovirus. some of these viruses were able to grow in cell cultures forming intranuclear inclusion bodies and giant cells.	1988	2832624
characterization of minute virus of canines (mvc) and its pathogenicity for pups.	minute virus of canines (mvc, canine parvovirus-1), originally isolated in 1970 from the feces of normal dogs, was compared with canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2). the two viruses, which differ in their host cell ranges and spectra of hemagglutination, also were found distinct in their antigenic and genomic properties. we demonstrated that the mvc replicates in dogs and is capable of producing pathologic changes that were most prominent in oronasally-exposed neonatal pups. macroscopic and microsc ...	1988	2836128
the global spread and replacement of canine parvovirus strains.	canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) became widespread during 1978 and was reported in many countries during 1978 and 1979. earlier studies showed that cpv-2 was replaced in the u.s.a. around 1980 by an antigenically and genetically variant virus (cpv-2a). here we show that cpv-2 was present in the u.s.a., japan, belgium and australia prior to 1980, but that between 1979 and 1982 cpv-2 was replaced by cpv-2a in all of those countries as well as in france and denmark. examination of sera collected be ...	1988	2836554
serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica).	blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ...	1988	2836636
characterization of biological and antigenic properties of raccoon dog and blue fox parvoviruses: a monoclonal antibody study.	parvovirus isolates from blue foxes and raccoon dogs were characterized by studying their haemagglutination properties, host range in vitro and antigenic structure. in all 3 characters, raccoon dog parvovirus resembled canine parvovirus (cpv), while blue fox parvovirus was similar to mink enteritis virus (mev). monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against both viruses. raccoon dog parvovirus, while resembling cpv, had a unique antigenic site which could be specified by mabs. the pattern of ...	1988	2836994
canine parvovirus: interaction between passive immunity and virulent challenge.	two groups of puppies, one passively immunised by the administration of hyperimmune serum and the other with natural maternally derived antibody, were inoculated orally with virulent canine parvovirus of faecal origin. serum antibody titres declined more rapidly in both groups after challenge than before. the dogs became clinically affected but the onset of clinical signs, seroconversion and faecal excretion of virus was delayed when compared to controls. it is postulated that this rapid decline ...	1988	2842925
studies on canine parvovirus infection: preparation of challenge virus.	two techniques, adsorption on to hydroxylapatite and density gradient centrifugation, were investigated as prospective methods for the large scale purification of canine parvovirus from faecal suspensions. adsorption with hydroxylapatite successfully removed virus from faecal material. however, the resultant virus was contaminated and some virus was left behind in the faecal suspension. repeated adsorption with hydroxylapatite appeared to result in some damage to the virus particles. in contrast ...	1988	2848300
clinical, hematological and pathological findings in specific pathogen-free cats and conventional cats experimentally infected with canine parvovirus.		1988	2850385
[antigen localization in canine parvovirus type 2 infection using the avidin-biotin complex method (abc) and direct immunofluorescence].		1988	2851238
canine host range and a specific epitope map along with variant sequences in the capsid protein gene of canine parvovirus and related feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses.	canine parvovirus (cpv) is a recently recognized pathogen of dogs that is similar to the long-recognized feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses. relationships between the viruses determined from dna sequences of the capsid protein genes of 10 virus isolates showed the cpv isolates to be closely related to the other viruses, although comprising a distinct group. no immediate ancestor of cpv was observed amongst the mink, cat, or raccoon viruses examined. three different directly repeated sequence ...	1988	3176341
serum antibody response to canine parvovirus, canine adenovirus-1, and canine distemper virus in dogs with known status of immunization: study of dogs in sweden.	serum antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus-1 (cav-1), and canine distemper virus (cdv) were measured in dogs with known immunization status. the dogs represented 3 groups: nonvaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; vaccinated dogs less than 12 months old; and adult dogs greater than 12 months old. for practical reasons, the population from which the specimens were obtained could be considered as free from natural infection with cav-1 and cdv. in nonvaccinated dogs less ...	1988	3223653
molecular cloning and characterization of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin and a viable deletion mutant gene.	the double-stranded rna genome of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was converted to double-stranded dna and cloned into plasmid pbr322. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned genome segment 10, which encodes virus polyhedrin polypeptide, was determined. the cpv polyhedrin gene consists of 942 based pairs and possesses a long open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 248 amino acids (molecular weight, 28,500), consistent with an apparent molecular weight of 28,000 pre ...	1988	3275433
cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the major protein of the a-type inclusion body of cowpox virus.	we have mapped and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cowpox virus (cpv) gene coding for the protein of a-type inclusion bodies (ati). the ati gene was mapped to the central part of the largest hindiii restriction fragment of the cpv genome. vaccinia virus (vv) also contained a similar sequence at the equivalent position in its genome, which even under stringent conditions hybridized with the cpv ati gene. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the upstream region of the coding frame ...	1988	2826668
canine parvovirus: strain difference in haemagglutination activity and antigenicity.	canine parvovirus (cpv) strains were compared for haemagglutination (ha) activity and antigenicity and were divided into two types by ha activity. strains cp49 and 29-f showed temperature-dependent ha, like feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and mink enteritis virus (mev), whereas strains sp-80 and y-1 showed temperature-independent ha with erythrocytes from eight species of animals. the results of a cross ha inhibition test using immunized rat sera suggested that of the two types of cpv those sh ...	1988	3339330
characterization of a nonhemagglutinating mutant of canine parvovirus.	a nonhemagglutinating mutant of a 1978 isolate of canine parvovirus (cpv) was derived after repeated passages in the nlfk feline kidney cell line. the mutant cpv was antigenically indistinguishable from wild-type virus when tested with 82 monoclonal antibodies, and it replicated in cat and dog cell lines in culture. sequences of the vp-1 and vp-2 genes revealed two nucleotide and two predicted amino acid sequence differences at 77 and 88 genome map units in the mutant compared to hemagglutinatin ...	1988	3348000
size and antigenic comparisons among the structural proteins of selected autonomous parvoviruses.	the size and antigenic relationships among structural proteins (vps) of canine parvovirus (cpv), feline parvovirus (fpv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), minute virus of mice (mvm) and bovine parvovirus (bpv) were determined by sds-page of radiolabelled, purified virus and immunoprecipitated viral proteins. mature virions of cpv, fpv, ppv and mvm were composed of three vps designated vp1, vp2 and vp3. the corresponding proteins of each virus were similar in molecular weight [79,000 to 82,500 (vp1), 65 ...	1988	3356979
preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of canine parvovirus crystals.	the first diffraction pattern of a crystalline single-stranded dna virus has been obtained. canine parvovirus was crystallized in a monoclinic p21 unit cell with a = 264.4 a, b = 350.3 a, c = 267.8 a and beta = 90.86 degrees (1 a = 0.1 nm). the diffraction pattern extends to at least 2.8 a resolution. packing of the particles suggests that they have a diameter around 257 a, in excellent agreement with the reported molecular weight of 5.5 x 10(6).	1988	3379641
an electron microscopical study of the replication of avirulent semliki forest virus in the retina of mice.	electron microscopical (em) studies were carried out on the retinas of 2-3-(baby), 12-, 14- and 21-28-day-old (adult) mice infected with avirulent (a774) semliki forest virus (sfv). virions (mature virus), spherules and advanced stages of virus replication, cytopathic vacuoles type ii (cpv ii), were seen in the retinal neurons of baby mice after intracerebral (i.c.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. some virions and spherules were also seen in the retinas of 12- and 14-day-old mice. virions a ...	1988	3385430
virucidal efficacy of physico-chemical treatments against coronaviruses and parvoviruses of laboratory animals.	virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants, heating and ultraviolet radiation against mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), canine coronavirus (ccv), kilham rat virus (krv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) were examined. coronaviruses (mhv and ccv) were inactivated by ethanol, isopropanol, benzalkonium chloride, iodophor, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, cresol soap and formaldehyde as well as by heating at 60 degrees c for 15 minutes, whereas parvoviruses (krv and cpv) appeared to be inactivated by di ...	1988	3416941
nucleotide sequence and genome organization of canine parvovirus.	the genome of a canine parvovirus isolate strain (cpv-n) was cloned, and the dna sequence was determined. the entire genome, including ends, was 5,323 nucleotides in length. the terminal repeat at the 3' end of the genome shared similar structural characteristics but limited homology with the rodent parvoviruses. the 5' terminal repeat was not detected in any of the clones. instead, a region of dna starting near the capsid gene stop codon and extending 248 base pairs into the coding region had b ...	1988	2824850
monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody vaccines against poliovirus, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus.		1989	2481213
induction of anti-viral immune response by immunization with monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies directed to private idiotopes.	syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies were raised against idiotopes on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies with specificity for feline leukemia virus and canine parvovirus. the anti-idiotypic antibodies were shown to recognize paratope-related private idiotopes. mice were injected with the monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies and the sera of these mice were screened for antiviral reactivities. antibodies to both feline leukemia and canine parvovirus could be induced as determined by elis ...	1989	2482029
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus classification by electropherotype; validation by serological analyses and agarose gel electrophoresis.	serological analyses of several different cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpvs), including two type 1 cpvs from bombyx mori, type 1 cpv from dendrolimus spectabilis, type 12 cpv from autographa gamma, type 2 cpv from inachis io, type 5 cpv from orgyia pseudotsugata and type 5 cpv from heliothis armigera, demonstrated a close correlation between the antigenic properties of the polyhedrin or virus particle structural proteins and the genomic dsrna electropherotypes. the dsrnas of these viruses w ...	1989	2499658
comparison of feline parvovirus subspecific strains using monoclonal antibodies against a feline panleukopenia virus.	four monoclonal antibodies (mab) against a feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) tu 1 strain, one of the host range variants of feline parvovirus (fpv), were produced and applied for antigenic analysis of fplv, canine parvovirus (cpv) and mink enteritis virus (mev). all mabs were considered to be directed at epitopes on the virus capsid surface because they neutralized the infectivity and inhibited the hemagglutination (ha) of the homologous virus as well as other fpv strains. they were of the mouse ...	1989	2544758
effect of canine parvovirus on erythroid progenitors in phenylhydrazine-induced regenerative hemolytic anemia in dogs.	the effects of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in dogs with hemolytic anemia was compared with the clinical effects of human parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia in human beings with chronic regenerative anemias. phenylhydrazine was used to induce a transient, severe, hemolytic anemia in dogs to evaluate the effects of cpv infection on rapidly dividing bone marrow precursors. erythrocyte colony-forming unit bone marrow cultures and cytologic examination of bone marrow were used to determine the ...	1989	2548423
nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of euxoa scandens cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (escpv).	the double-stranded rna genome of euxoa scandens cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (escpv) was reversely transcribed to the double-stranded dna and cloned into pibi30. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned genome segment 10, which encodes the virus polyhedrin polypeptide, was determined. the escpv polyhedrin gene consists of 881 bp and possesses an open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 269 amino acids (mw 30.1k), consistent with an apparent mw of 30k determined by sds-page for pur ...	1989	2650462
polarized entry of canine parvovirus in an epithelial cell line.	the binding and uptake of canine parvovirus (cpv) in polarized epithelial cells were investigated by growing the cells on a permeable support and inoculating with the virus either from the apical or basolateral surface. binding of radiolabeled cpv occurred preferentially on the basolateral surface. in contrast, when a similar experiment was carried out on nonpolarized a72 cells, virus binding occurred regardless of the direction of virus input. binding appeared to be specific for cpv and could n ...	1989	2657102
inhibition of an inflammatory response is mediated by a 38-kda protein of cowpox virus.	the brighton red (br) strain of cowpox virus induces a flat, bright red pock on the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of the 12-day-old chick embryo. in contrast, mutants with a deleted 38k gene (which is located 31 to 32 kb from the right-hand end of the virus genome) induced a raised, white, and opaque pock. during the first 24-hr p.i., both cpv-br and the 38k deletion mutants replicated similarly in the cam of the chick embryo, as indicated by immunocytochemical detection of similar amounts of v ...	1989	2773318
porcine parvovirus: dna sequence and genome organization.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of an almost full-length clone of porcine parvovirus (ppv). the sequence is 4973 nucleotides (nt) long. the 3' end of virion dna shows a y-shaped configuration homologous to rodent parvoviruses. the 5' end of virion dna shows a repetition of 127 nt at the carboxy terminus of the capsid proteins. the overall organization of the ppv genome is similar to those of other autonomous parvoviruses. there are two large open reading frames (orfs) that almost enti ...	1989	2794971
[experimental parvovirus infection of puppies: immunohistological findings].	formalin-fixed tissue samples obtained from puppies experimentally infected with canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) were investigated immunohistologically with the direct immunoperoxidase method. besides cardiac muscle and lymphatic tissues, bone marrow, intestine, liver, kidney, pancreas and to a lesser degree lung stained positive for viral antigen and are considered as sites of viral replication. the distribution of viral antigen reveals a tropism of cpv-2 to numerous organs in puppies infected ...	1990	1964045
establishment and characterization of canine parvovirus-specific murine cd4+ t cell clones and their use for the delineation of t cell epitopes.	canine parvovirus (cpv)-specific t cell clones were generated by culturing lymph node cells from cpv-immunized balb/c mice at limiting dilutions in the presence of cpv antigen and interleukin-2 (il-2). all isolated t cell clones exhibited the cell surface phenotype thy1+, cd4+, cd8- and proliferated specifically in response to cpv antigen. after stimulation with cpv antigen in culture the t cell clones produced il-2 and proliferated in the absence of exogenous il-2. naive mice to which cpv-speci ...	1990	1693162
delineation of canine parvovirus t cell epitopes with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and t cell clones from immunized dogs.	three synthetic peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of vp2 of canine parvovirus (cpv) which were recently shown to represent three distinct t cell epitopes for balb/c mice could prime balb/c mice for a cpv-specific proliferative t cell response upon immunization. proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from cpv-immunized dogs upon stimulation with these and other peptides, covering the major part of the sequence of vp2', identified the presence of t cell ep ...	1990	1700064
a synthetic peptide derived from the amino acid sequence of canine parvovirus structural proteins which defines a b cell epitope and elicits antiviral antibody in balb c mice.	synthetic peptides, recombinant fusion proteins and mouse monoclonal antibodies were used to delineate a b cell epitope of the vp'2 structural protein of canine parvovirus (cpv). although this epitope is not preferentially recognized in the normal antibody response to cpv, virus-specific antibodies could be induced in balb/c mice with a synthetic peptide representing the epitope. the potential of this non-dominant b cell epitope to induce antiviral immunity in the presence of maternal cpv-specif ...	1990	1701483
[the use of genetic engineering in veterinary medicine with examples from epidemiology, diagnosis and drug production].	the results of genetic engineering have reached practical veterinary medicine already. nevertheless there is a great lack of knowledge among those veterinarians who usually do not work with these methods. therefore we want to give an introduction into the advantages and dangers of this technology concerning veterinary medicine. some important analytical methods are explained. related viruses such as wee and eee or canine parvovirus, feline parvovirus and mink enteritis virus, or the related coro ...	1990	2112273
comparison of the antiviral activity and toxicity of a protein magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate anhydride polymer with other antiviral drugs.	1. sb-73, a magnesium ammonium phospholinoleate anhydride aggregate, exhibited antiviral action in vitro in the concentration range of 50 to 100 micrograms/ml against herpes simplex type 1, stomatitis vesicular virus, adenovirus type 5, and in vivo in the dose range of 0.7 to 1.3 mg/kg against canine parvovirus and distemper virus. 2. the lethal dose (ld50) was 2.71 +/- 1.55 g/kg body weight in mice inoculated intraperitoneally. oral ingestion of the aggregate up to 30 g/kg body weight by mice h ...	1990	2136564
inactivated canine parvovirus vaccines: an alternative method for assessment of potency.	groups of three-week-old chickens were given graded doses of inactivated canine parvovirus vaccines. blood samples were taken three weeks later and the sera examined by elisa for antibodies to canine parvovirus. reproducible, linear, log-dose serological responses were observed, enabling the potency of the vaccines to be compared. the simultaneous administration of other components of canine multivalent vaccines appeared to reduce the response to the parvovirus component. when its results have b ...	1990	2142352
coliform septicemia and pulmonary disease associated with canine parvoviral enteritis: 88 cases (1987-1988).	parvovirus infection was confirmed by fluorescent antibody staining or viral culturing in 137 (22%) of 615 necropsy accessions from dogs at the missouri veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory from jan 1, 1987 through sept 30, 1988. septicemic colibacillosis was diagnosed in 88 (90%) of the 98 canine parvovirus-positive accessions in which liver or lung was cultured bacteriologically. pulmonary edema or alveolitis similar to that seen in the human adult respiratory distress syndrome was observe ...	1990	2155191
evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on monoclonal antibodies for the serology and antigen detection in canine parvovirus infections.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system was developed for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) or cpv antigen in dog faeces and two other elisa systems were developed for the detection of cpv-specific antibodies in dog sera. the elisa's were based on the use of cpv-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies, which recognise different epitopes of the haemagglutinin of cpv and which also neutralise the virus. a double antibody sandwich (das) elisa for the detection of cpv in dog faeces w ...	1990	2157312
serum protein electrophoresis in canine parvovirus enteritis.	the serum protein concentrations of dogs with confirmed canine parvovirus enteritis were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis before treatment. a significant decrease was detected in the mean concentration and percentage of albumin and gammaglobulin and the percentage of alpha-1-globulin. the mean concentration and percentage of alpha-2-globulin were significantly increased.	1990	2163717
[comparison of the diagnostic methods for studying parvovirus and rotavirus infections of dogs].	79 feces samples of dogs between 7 weeks till 13.5 years of age, showing clinical signs of a hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, were tested by a commercial elisa (diasystems canine parvo, tech-america) for canine parvovirus (cpv) and by two latex-agglutination tests for rotavirus (30 probes were tested by rota screen, 49 samples by slidex rota-kit 2, both tests from biomerieux). all samples were also examined by electron microscopy. the results of the simultaneous investigations showed 28 times positi ...	1990	2167658
nucleotide sequence of feline panleukopenia virus: comparison with canine parvovirus identifies host-specific differences.	the nucleotide sequence of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) strain 193 was determined and compared with the sequence of canine parvovirus (cpv) strain n and partial sequences of fpv strain carl and cpv strain b. base differences were identified at 115 positions in these 5.1 kb genomes and predicted amino acid differences occurred at 40 positions. the two overlapping capsid protein genes contained almost twice as many base differences as the single non-structural protein gene (49 compared to 26) ...	1990	2174965
the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of porcine parvovirus, strain nadl-2.	the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of porcine parvovirus, strain nadl-2, was determined. the nucleotide sequence organization of the viral genome was found to be similar to that of the other autonomous parvoviruses, such as canine parvovirus and minute virus of mice.	1990	2219713
fine structure mapping and phenotypic analysis of five temperature-sensitive mutations in the second largest subunit of vaccinia virus dna-dependent rna polymerase.	we have used plasmid clones spanning the region encoding the 132-kda subunit of the cowpox virus rna polymerase (cpv rpo 132) to marker rescue each of five vaccinia virus (vv) temperature sensitive (ts) mutants, ts 27, ts 29, ts 32, ts 47, and ts 62, which together constitute a single complementation group. the experiments fine-map the vaccinia mutations to a 1.3-kb region containing the 3' end of the cpv rpo 132 gene. phenotypic characterization shows that all five mutants are affected to varyi ...	1990	2294648
[effect of maternally derived antibody levels on antibody responses to canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and infectious canine hepatitis virus after vaccinations in beagle puppies].	antibody titers against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and infectious canine hepatitis virus (ichv) in serum were measured in 6 beagle dams and their 38 puppies bred in our colony, in order to clarify the effects of maternally derived antibodies to antibody responses against the viruses after vaccinations in puppies. correlation coefficient on antibody titers between puppies and dams were cpv: r = 0. 7935, cdv: r = 0.8194 and ichv: r = 0.8105. mean maternal antibody positi ...	1990	2303100
vaccine-associated canine distemper infection in a litter of african hunting dogs (lycaon pictus).	four, 57 days old, african hunting dog puppies (lycaon pictus) from one litter died within three weeks following vaccination with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv) and killed canine adenovirus type 1, canine parvovirus and leptospira icterohemorrhagiae and canicola. 18 days post vaccination, the animals developed neurologic disease characterized by episodes of grand mal seizures and circling. macroscopic, histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed acute systemic cdv infection ...	1990	2385981
virus-specific early antigen expressed in the nucleus of cowpox virus-infected cells.	two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained from balb/c mice immunized with cowpox virus (cpv)-infected cells cultured in the presence of cytosine-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-hcl (ara c). in the immunofluorescence test, the specific antigen reacting with these mabs was restricted almost entirely to the nucleus in cpv-infected cells in the presence of ara c at any time. on the other hand, in cpv-infected cells in the absence of ara c, the antigen was first detectable within the nucleus 2 h after ...	1990	2406369
induction and characterization of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies reactive with idiotopes of canine parvovirus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies (ab2) were generated against idiotypes (id) of canine parvovirus (cpv) specific monoclonal antibodies (moabs). the binding of most of these anti-id antibodies to their corresponding id could be inhibited by antigen, thus classifying these anti-id antibodies as ab2 gamma or ab2 beta. by inhibiting experiments it was shown that these anti-id antibodies did not recognize interspecies cross-reactive idiotopes, but recognized private idiotopes, uniquely ...	1991	1719693
entomopathogens of phlebotomine sand flies: laboratory experiments and natural infections.	the susceptibility of different geographical strains of phlebotomus papatasi to a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was determined experimentally by feeding polyhedra to larvae. of the indian p. papatasi, 15.6% became infected, whereas egyptian p. papatasi were mostly refractory. infection rates were not augmented in colony flies from the jordan valley, 23.8% of which were naturally infected with cpv. the infectivity of serratia marcescens and beauvaria bassiana to p. papatasi were determined ...	1991	1783777
cowpox/catpox infection.	a 19-year-old veterinary nurse developed a cowpox/catpox virus (cpv) infection of her right third finger following a scratch from a tom cat suffering from pneumonia. the clinical course and investigation of the infection are described and the differential diagnosis discussed.	1991	1847067
the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems for serology and antigen detection in parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus infections in dogs in the netherlands.	complex trapping blocking (ctb) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and indirect elisas for the detection of antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv), canine coronavirus (ccv) and rotavirus in sera of dogs were established. double antibody sandwich elisas for the detection of cpv-, ccv- and rotavirus antigens in fecal samples were also developed. both the serological and antigen-detection elisas were used to screen samples from dogs in the netherlands, with or without a history of acute dia ...	1991	1850889
polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification for the detection of porcine parvovirus.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification method was developed and evaluated to detect porcine parvovirus (ppv). a pair of 20-base primers and an oligonucleotide probe were derived from the dna sequences common to two isolates of ppv, nadl-8 and nadl-2. the primers flanked 118-bp nucleotides within the region coding for the major structural protein vp2. after dna amplification of ppv replicative form (rf), a 158-bp fragment was detected in agarose gels. this amplified fragment was shown to ...	1991	1874916
the lack of effect of parvovirus vaccination on the seminal characteristics of dogs.	the onset of ejaculation and development of normal seminal characteristics in six young dogs vaccinated and seroconverting against canine parvovirus did not differ from the accepted range, and by 45 weeks of age the ejaculates were considered to be normal. at one year of age three of the dogs were given a large antigenic stimulus by vaccination once a week for four weeks; this produced no change in the output or characteristics of spermatozoa.	1991	1897097
fine mapping of canine parvovirus b cell epitopes.	in this report we describe the topological mapping of neutralizing domains of canine parvovirus (cpv). we obtained 11 cpv-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), six of which are neutralizing. the reactivities were as determined by elisa and western blot (immunoblot) analysis. vp2, the most abundant protein of the cpv capsid, seemed to contain all the neutralization sites. also, an almost full-length genomic clone of cpv was constructed in the bacterial plasmid puc18 to enable expression of cpv p ...	1991	1919526
rapid antigenic-type replacement and dna sequence evolution of canine parvovirus.	analysis of canine parvovirus (cpv) isolates with a panel of monoclonal antibodies showed that after 1986, most viruses isolated from dogs in many parts of the united states differed antigenically from the viruses isolated prior to that date. the new antigenic type (designated cpv type 2b) has largely replaced the previous antigenic type (cpv type 2a) among virus isolates from the united states. this represents the second occurrence of a new antigenic type of this dna virus since its emergence i ...	1991	1942246
the three-dimensional structure of canine parvovirus and its functional implications.	the three-dimensional atomic structure of a single-stranded dna virus has been determined. infectious virions of canine parvovirus contain 60 protein subunits that are predominantly vp-2. the central structural motif of vp-2 has the same topology (an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel) as has been found in many other icosahedral viruses but represents only about one-third of the capsid protein. there is a 22 angstrom (a) long protrusion on the threefold axes, a 15 a deep canyon circulating ...	1991	2006420
construction and nucleotide sequence analysis of an infectious dna clone of the autonomous parvovirus, mink enteritis virus.	we have cloned the replicative form (rf-) dna of mink enteritis virus (mev), constructed an infectious recombinant plasmid containing mev dna and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cloned mev dna. rf-dnas were detected and infectious virus was generated when the recombinant plasmid containing the entire mev genome was introduced into feline kidney cell cultures. the mev genome was 5094 nucleotides (nt) in length; the 3' end of the virion strand contained a 205 nt palindromic sequence and ...	1991	2016597
performance of high titre attenuated canine parvovirus vaccine in pups with maternally derived antibody.	the performance of live, attenuated, homologous, canine parvovirus vaccines was studied in 140 puppies aged from four to 11 weeks. in the presence of maternally derived antibody the ability of the vaccines to elicit a serological response, as determined by the haemagglutination inhibition test and a standardised elisa, was found to be dose (infectious titre) related. an experimental vaccine containing 10(7.0) tcid50 of virus induced seroconversion rates of 95, 89, 82 and 44 per cent in dogs with ...	1991	2053262
mapping specific functions in the capsid structure of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus using infectious plasmid clones.	dna sequences between 0 and 98.8 genome map units (m.u.) from canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) were cloned into plasmid vectors to form infectious molecular clones. those plasmids were transfected into permissive cells and viruses recovered were shown to contain intact genomes, having regenerated the complete viral 5' ends up to 100 m.u. the viruses derived from the plasmids were compared to the original viruses, and shown to be indistinguishable in antigenic type, he ...	1991	1647068
the evolution of defective and autonomous parvoviruses.	because of the small size and genetic simplicity of small dna viruses, parvoviruses would appear to be excellent models for studying viral evolution and adaptation. in an earlier publication we hypothesized the evolution of sequences of cellular "junk" dna into protective interfering transposons. these transposons would interfere with invading pathogenic viruses by competing with the pathogen dna for replicative enzymes. we speculated that a small, defective parvovirus, the adeno-associated viru ...	1991	1648152
prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus in wild coyotes in southeastern colorado.	serum from 72 wild coyotes (canis latrans) in southeastern colorado (usa) was collected and analyzed for prevalence of antibody to canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) from 1985 to 1988. the prevalence of antibodies to cpv and cdv was 71% and 57%, respectively, for the 4 yr of the study. prevalence of antibody to cpv did not differ among years, between sexes, or with age. prevalence of antibody to cdv did not differ among years or between sexes, but was significantly higher i ...	1991	1648628