Publications

anti-sense rnas of cucumber mosaic virus in transgenic plants assessed for control of the virus.	three synthetic genes for the production of anti-sense rna to different regions of the cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) genome were constructed using virus-derived double-stranded cdna coupled to a promoter sequence from cauliflower mosaic virus. the genes were used to transform tobacco plants by a ti plasmid vector. transgenic plants obtained with the three constructs produced anti-sense rna at different levels. plants expressing each of the three anti-sense rnas were inoculated with cmv and their s ...	1988	24272403
properties of an isolated transcription stimulating sequence derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter.	as a highly active plant viral promoter that is able to function in a wide variety of cell types, the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter has the potential for harboring a plant enhancer element. we tested this possibility and demonstrated that a 338 base pair fragment isolated from the region upstream of the 35s tata box can increase the expression of a low-activity heterologous promoter up to the level observed for the intact 35s promoter. this fragment is fully active in both orienta ...	1988	24277520
expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus capsid gene in vivo.	antisera against the n-terminal and c-terminal parts of the potential orf iv product were used to analyse extracts from camv-infected turnip leaves by immunoblotting. polypeptides of 87, 83, 82, 60 and 57 kda were detected. the origin of these proteins is discussed.	1988	24272340
genetically transformed maize plants from protoplasts.	genetically transformed maize plants were obtained from protoplasts treated with recombinant dna. protoplasts that were digested from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of maize inbred a188 were combined with plasmid dna containing a gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase (npt ii) next to the 35s promoter region of cauliflower mosaic virus. a high voltage electrical pulse was applied to the protoplasts, which were then grown on filters placed over feeder layers of maize suspension cells ( ...	1988	2832947
cauliflower mosaic virus gene i product detected in a cell-wall-enriched fraction.	gene i product of cauliflower mosaic virus was immunodetected in a cell-wall-enriched fraction from infected turnip leaves in addition to its detection in viroplasms and replication complexes. the immunoreaction was carried out with an antiserum raised against a 15 amino acid long synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy-terminus of potential gene i protein (p1). the presence of p1 in different subcellular fractions was investigated as a function of time during viral multiplication. at lat ...	1988	3354204
a viable mutation in cauliflower mosaic virus, a retroviruslike plant virus, separates its capsid protein and polymerase genes.	a viable strain of cauliflower mosaic virus is described which arose by illegitimate recombination of two lethal parents. in this strain, the normally overlapping open reading frames iv and v, corresponding to the retrovirus gag and pol genes, are separated by a short intergenic region, suggesting that in this virus and in contrast to retroviruses, fusion of gag and pol gene products is not obligatory.	1988	2894473
in vitro expression of cauliflower mosaic virus genes.	the eight major open reading frames (orfs) of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) have been cloned for in vitro transcription and translation. all the orfs could be translated. using antisera against either purified virus or specific gene products, the translation products were screened by immunoprecipitation. the products of orfs iii, iv and v were confirmed as components of the virions. molecular weights of primary translation products were determined and compared with those found in vivo. a furth ...	1988	16453827
host range control of cauliflower mosaic virus.	studies with recombinant genomes of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) strains d4, cm1841, and cabb-b have shown that a host range determinant of camv is encoded within the first half of region vi, a gene which codes for p62, an inclusion body protein. in order to further study the host specificity of camv, a fourth camv strain, w260, was chosen that has a host range that is intermediate between d4 and cm1841. to determine which portion of the w260 genome controls systemic spread, recombinant virus ...	1988	3341113
replication of tomato golden mosaic virus dna b in transgenic plants expressing open reading frames (orfs) of dna a: requirement of orf al2 for production of single-stranded dna.	tomato golden mosaic geminivirus has a genome of two single-stranded (ss) dna components, a and b. an almost identical 'common' region in dna a and dna b is thought to contain sequence elements controlling replication and transcription. hence investigation of sequences important for dna replication by in vitro mutagenesis is complicated by possible effects on the transcription of genes for replication proteins. to overcome this problem, transgenic plants expressing open reading frames (orfs) of ...	1989	2602150
posttranscriptional trans-activation in cauliflower mosaic virus.	the ability of plant cells to translate dicistronic mrnas that mimic a segment of the polycistronic 35s rna from cauliflower mosaic virus has been tested. the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase open reading frames (orfs) were fused in-frame to the second viral cistron (orf i). efficient reporter expression from the corresponding plasmids in plant protoplasts was observed only upon cotransfection with viral dna. the trans-activating gene maps at orf vi, which is expressed fr ...	1989	2598263
the ocs-element is a component of the promoters of several t-dna and plant viral genes.	the ocs-element is an enhancer element first identified in the promoter of the octopine synthase gene (ocs) where it occurs as a 16 bp palindromic sequence. the transcriptional enhancing activity of the ocs-element correlated with in vitro binding of a transcription factor. we have now identified ocs-elements in the promoter regions of six other t-dna genes involved in opine synthesis and three plant viral promoters including the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. these elements bind the ...	1989	2591372
wheat nuclear protein hbp-1 binds to the hexameric sequence in the promoter of various plant genes.	hbp-1 is a sequence-specific dna-binding protein that interacts with the hexameric sequence acgtca, the putative cis-acting element of the wheat histone h3 gene. gel mobility shift and dnase i footprint analyses showed that this protein interacts with homologous sequences in the regulatory regions for the transcription of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna and nopaline synthase (nos) genes, evidence that hbp-1 may bind to hexameric sequences in the regulatory regions of various genes. a ...	1989	2602142
function of the hexameric sequence in the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter region.	the hexameric sequence acgtca functions in transcriptional regulation of wheat histone genes. the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter has the same hexameric sequence, and mutation analyses confirmed that the hexamer contributed greatly to transcription from the 35s promoter when a test gene with this promoter was introduced into sunflower cells. electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the existence of a nuclear protein(s) in sunflower cells which is homologous to the hbp-1b t ...	1989	2478131
dna sequence of gene vi of cauliflower mosaic virus japanese strain s (camv s-japan).		1989	2798138
multiplicity of the dna-binding protein hbp-1 specific to the conserved hexameric sequence acgtca in various plant gene promoters.	a novel dna-binding protein that specifically interacts with the hexameric sequence acgtca in the regulatory region of the wheat histone h3 gene has been identified in wheat nuclear extract and designated hbp-1a. the nuclear protein hbp-1 previously identified as a dna-binding protein that interacts with hexameric sequences in the h3, cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s rna, and nopaline synthase (nos) promoter regions therefore has been renamed hbp-1b. the flanking sequences that surround the ...	1989	2680601
segregation of cauliflower mosaic virus symptom genetic determinants.	we have created a series of hybrid cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genomes between a severe virus strain (cabb bji) and a mild strain (bari 1) to map the virus genetic loci responsible for specific systemic symptom characters produced in infected turnip plants. recombinants were generated in vivo by recombinational rescue and in vitro by restriction enzyme fragment exchange. on infection, hybrids induced either parental (wild-type) symptoms or segregated parental characters. some of the engineer ...	1989	2572087
the camv 35s enhancer contains at least two domains which can confer different developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns.	we have analyzed expression conferred by two domains from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and found different patterns in seeds, seedlings and seven week old plants. expression from domain a (-90 to +8) is strongest in the radicle of the embryo, the radicle pole of the endosperm and in root tissue of seedlings and mature plants. expression from domain b (-343 to -90) is strongest in the cells adjacent the cotyledon of the endosperm, in the cotyledons of the embryo and seedings a ...	1989	16453896
oat phytochrome is biologically active in transgenic tomatoes.	to determine the functional homology between phytochromes from evolutionarily divergent species, we used the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to express a monocot (oat) phytochrome cdna in a dicot plant (tomato). immunoblot analysis shows that more than 50% of the transgenic tomato plants synthesize the full-length oat phytochrome polypeptide. moreover, leaves of light-grown transgenic plants contain appreciably less oat phytochrome than leaves from dark-adapted plants, and etiolated r1 tra ...	1989	12359910
a 37 kilodalton protein kinase associated with cauliflower mosaic virus.	the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) particle-associated protein kinase (pk) was shown to be a 37 kd protein in activity gels. in vitro experimental data concerning virus dephosphorylation or hyperphosphorylation suggested a possible regulation mechanism of this pk. the origin of the enzyme, either virus-encoded or from a host cell, is discussed.	1989	2815594
identification of enhancer elements in the upstream region of the nuclear photosynthetic gene st-ls1.	the nuclear gene st-ls1 from potato encodes a 10-kilodalton protein that is a component of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem ii. analysis of the expression of a reporter gene driven by chimeric promoters, consisting of st-ls1 upstream sequences and a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, suggests that a strong positive regulatory element is located between position -345 and -261, whereas both the region -261 to +11 and the more upstream region -1600 to -530 are devoid of auto ...	1989	2535523
delivery of foreign genes to intact barley cells by high-velocity microprojectiles.	foreign dna was introduced through the cell walls of intact suspension culture cells of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) by utilizing the particle acceleration approach. dna-coated microscopic tungsten particles were accelerated to velocities that permitted their penetration of intact cells. chimaeric constructs of β-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase ii under the control of the dual agrobacterium tr 1'2' promoter or the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter served as reporter genes. three ...	1989	24227026
high frequency transformation ofkalanchoe laciniata.	leaf explants ofkalanchoe laciniata were cocultivated for different days (2, 4, 6 and 8 days) with disarmedagrobacterium tumefaciens strains a208se, gv3111se and eha101 carring a binary vector proa93. the vector contains a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promotor which drives the coding sequence of neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt-ii) in one direction and β-glucuronidase (gus) in the opposite direction. prolonged cocultivation (6 days) resulted in a marked increase of gus gene transient expressi ...	1989	24233270
hairy roots - a short cut to transgenic root nodules.	to facilitate molecular studies of symbiotic nitrogen fixation a procedure for rapid production of transgenic root nodules was established on the legumelotus corniculatus (bird'sfoot trefoil). regeneration of transgenic plants is not required as transgenic nodules are formed onagrobacterium rhizogenes incited roots inoculated withrhizobium. easy identification of transformed roots is possible using a set ofa. rhizogenes acceptor strains carrying assayable marker genes such as chloramphenicol ace ...	1989	24232586
efficient transformation of arabidopsis thaliana using direct gene transfer to protoplasts.	direct gene transfer has proved to be an efficient transformation method for arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the brassicaceae. transgenic arabidopsis plants resistant to hygromycin b have been regenerated from mesophyll protoplasts treated with polyethylene glycol and plasmid dna carrying the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene under the control of the 35 s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. the transformation procedure reproducibly yields transformants at frequencies of approximately ...	1989	2549369
regulated genes in transgenic plants.	transgenic plants are an effective system for the study of regulated gene expression. developmental control of expression can be monitored by assaying different tissues or by assaying a plant at different developmental stages. analysis of the petunia 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene, which is highly expressed in flowers, allowed identification of an upstream region that confers tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression. the cell specificity of expression in floral ...	1989	17835349
stability and expression of bacterial genes in replicating geminivirus vectors in plants.	bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) and neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) genes were introduced into coat protein replacement vectors based on dna a of tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv). recombinant gus and neo vectors up to 1.1 kbp larger than dna a were shown to replicate stably in transgenic plants containing partial dimers (master copies) of the vectors integrated into their chromosomal dna in the absence of dna b. beta-glucuronidase and neomycin phosphotransferase activities in independently ...	1989	2541407
transfection of germinating barley seed electrophoretically with exogenous dna.	a method is described for transfection (genetic transformation) of barley caryopsis electrophoretically with dna. β-glucuronidase activity was detected after the electrophoretic transfection with plasmid pbi221 dna carrying the cauliflower mosaic virus promotor and bacterial β-glucuronidase coding sequence. electrophoretic transfection is evidently effective with pieces of callus and seeds of many plants.	1989	24232711
the pattern of accumulation of cauliflower mosaic virus-specific products in infected turnips.	the concentrations of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna and protein products in the developing leaves of a host, turnip, have been measured and the results have been correlated with symptom production. virus-specific products were limited to the symptomatic leaves. camv dna was detected in the youngest foliar tissues showing full systemic symptoms and continued to accumulate as the leaf expanded, indicating that virus multiplication was not restricted to meristematic tissues of the host plant ...	1989	2705305
peg-mediated expression of gus and cat genes in protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures of picea glauca.	ß-glucuronidase (gus) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) were used as reporter proteins in protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures of picea glauca (moench) voss (white spruce). plasmid dna enclosing chimeric gus and cat constructs, using the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, was introduced into picea glauca protoplasts using polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression was detected 12 to 40 h after peg-mediated dna delivery. dose-response curves using covalently closed ...	1989	24240467
transient gene expression after electroporation of protoplasts derived from embryogenic maize callus.	protoplasts isolated from embryogenic callus cultures derived from immature embryos ofzea mays l. are suitable for analysis of transient gene expression using electroporation-mediated dna transfer. expression of introduced genes is comparable to the levels obtained with protoplasts from black mexican sweet suspension cultures. two different promoters, that directing synthesis of the 35s rna of cauliflower mosaic virus and the maizeadh1 promoter were placed in front of the luciferase reporter gen ...	1989	24233090
cytokinin-to-auxin ratios and morphology of shoots and tissues transformed by a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene.	tissues transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene cloned from the t-dna region of the ti plasmid or with the ipt gene placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s-ipt) were analyzed for auxin and cytokinin. free and total indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) levels in 35s-ipt-transformed nicotiana tabacum and cucumber cells were reduced by 12 to 78% in comparison to untransformed tissues. in contrast, free iaa concentrations in 35s-ipt-transformed nicotiana plum ...	1989	16667140
increased gene expression by the first intron of maize shrunken-1 locus in grass species.	the first intron of the shrunken-1 (sh1) locus of maize was incorporated into constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) coupled with the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. transcription was driven with the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) or the sh1 promoter of maize. transient gene expression was monitored following electroporation into protoplasts of panicum maximum (guineagrass), pennisetum purpureum (napiergrass), or zea mays (maize). ...	1989	16667219
expression of a functional monocotyledonous phytochrome in transgenic tobacco.	a chimeric oat phytochrome structural gene with an uninterrupted coding region was constructed for expression of the monocot protein in transgenic plants. the structural gene was placed under the transcriptional control of either a light-regulated oat phytochrome promoter or the constitutively active cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. these genes were then introduced into nicotiana tabacum and n.plumbaginifolia. none of the regenerated plants showed expression of oat phytochrome rna when tra ...	1989	16453873
analysis of a chimeric class-i patatin-gus gene in transgenic potato plants: high-level expression in tubers and sucrose-inducible expression in cultured leaf and stem explants.	patatin is a family of lipid acyl hydrolases that accounts for 30 to 40% of the total soluble protein in potato (solanum tuberosum l.) tubers. to examine the regulation of the patatin genes, we constructed a chimeric gene containing 2.5 kb of 5' flanking sequence from the class i patatin genomic clone ps20 transcriptionally fused to β-glucuronidase (gus) and introduced it into potato plants using an agrobacterium tumefaciens tiplasmid vector. while the chimeric gene was expressed at high levels ...	1989	24272716
overproduction of alfalfa glutamine synthetase in transgenic tobacco plants.	we have obtained transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the enzyme glutamine synthetase (gs) by fusing an alfalfa gs gene to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promotor and integrating it into nicotiana tabacum var. w38 plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer. the amount of rna specific to alfalfa gs was about 10 times higher in transgenic tobacco plants than in alfalfa. the alfalfa gs produced by these transgenic plants was identified by western blotting and represented 5% of ...	1989	2475755
phleomycin resistance as a dominant selectable marker for plant cell transformation.	tobacco cells are sensitive to bleomycin and phleomycin. the tn5 and the streptoalloteichus hindustanus (sh) bleomycin resistance ('ble') genes conferring resistance to these antibiotics have each been inserted into two plant expression vectors. they are flanked by the nopaline synthase (nos) or the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoters on one side, and by the nos polyadenylation signal on the other. these four chimaeric genes were introduced into the binary transformation vector pga 492 ...	1989	2485087
regulation of plant genes specifically induced in nitrogen-fixing nodules: role of cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors in leghemoglobin gene expression.	transgenic alfalfa plants harboring a gene fusion between the soybean leghemoglobin (lbc3) promoter region and the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene were used to determine the influence of rhizobial mutants on lb gene expression in nodules. the promoter region of the sesbania rostrata glb3 (srglb3) leghemoglobin gene was examined for the presence of conserved motifs homologous to binding site 1 and 2 of the soybean lbc3 promoter region, found to interact with a trans-acting factor pr ...	1989	2491659
transient gene expression in electroporated solanum protoplasts.	electroporation was used to evaluate parameters important in transient gene expression in potato protoplasts. the protoplasts were from leaves of wild potato solanum brevidens, and from leaves, tubers and suspension cells of cultivated solanum tuberosum cv. désirée. reporter enzyme activity, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, depended on the field strength and the pulse duration used for electroporation. using field pul ...	1989	2491668
expression of a bacterial gene in transgenic tobacco plants confers resistance to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.	plants resistant to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) were produced through the genetic engineering of a novel detoxification pathway into the cells of a species normally sensitive to 2,4-d. we cloned the gene for 2,4-d monooxygenase, the first enzyme in the plasmid-encoded 2,4-d degradative pathway of the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus, into a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter expression vector and introduced it into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformatio ...	1989	2491671
two tobacco dna-binding proteins with homology to the nuclear factor creb.	the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) contains a tandem repeat of the sequence tgacg in the region -83 to -63. this 21-base pair (bp) sequence, called as-1, is involved in root expression of the 35s promoter. when inserted in a promoter of a gene expressed specifically in photosynthetic tissues, as-1 confers high level expression in roots. we have described a factor, asf-1, that binds specifically to as-1 in vitro. there is a good correlation between asf-1 binding affinity to a ...	1989	2528073
functional analysis of the 3' control region of the potato wound-inducible proteinase inhibitor ii gene.	proteinase inhibitor genes are expressed strongly in specific plant tissues under both developmental and environmental regulation. we have studied the role of the 3' control region of the potato proteinase inhibitor ii gene (pi-ii) that is inducible in leaves in response to herbivore attacks or other severe wounding. comparison of the terminator from the pi-ii gene with two different terminators from the 6b and 7 genes, driven by a common pi-ii promoter-cat fusion molecule, indicated that the pi ...	1989	2535459
multiple cis regulatory elements for maximal expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic plants.	the 35s promoter is a major promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus that infects crucifers. this promoter is still active when excised from cauliflower mosaic virus and integrated into the nuclear genome of transgenic tobacco. previous work has shown that the -343 to -46 upstream fragment is responsible for the majority of the 35s promoter strength (odell, j.t., nagy, f., and chua, n.-h. [1985]. nature 313, 810-812). here we show by 5', 3', and internal deletions that this upstream fragment can ...	1989	2535461
constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related proteins pr-1, grp, and pr-s in tobacco has no effect on virus infection.	samsun nn tobacco cells were transformed with chimeric genes for pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins derived from genomic (pr-1a, grp) or cdna (pr-s) clones under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. regenerated plants were assayed by rna and protein gel blotting, and plants showing high specific expression of the inserted genes were selected for self-pollination and seed formation. inspection of second generation transformants showed that constitutive express ...	1989	2535503
a sunflower helianthinin gene upstream sequence ensemble contains an enhancer and sites of nuclear protein interaction.	genes encoding helianthinin, the major seed protein in sunflower, are highly regulated. we have identified putative cis-acting and trans-acting elements that may function in the control of helianthinin expression. a 404-base pair dna fragment on the sunflower helianthinin gene hag3d, located 322 base pairs from the transcriptional start site, enhanced beta-glucuronidase expression in transgenic tobacco embryos. sequences within this fragment were found to bind nuclear proteins present in both su ...	1989	2535527
asf-2: a factor that binds to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a conserved gata motif in cab promoters.	we have used nuclear extracts prepared from tobacco leaf tissue to characterize a factor binding site, designated as-2 (activating sequence-2), at the -100 region of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the activity of this factor, called asf-2 (activating sequence factor-2), is not detected in tobacco root extracts. as-2 includes two gt motifs with sequence homology to the sv40 enhancer core a element and the box ii element of pea rbcs. nevertheless, oligomers of these sequence elements d ...	1989	2535536
mobility of the maize suppressor-mutator element in transgenic tobacco cells.	maize suppressor-mutator (spm) transposable elements have been introduced into tobacco cells and a visual assay for spm activity has been developed using a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene. the spm element is mobile in tobacco and can trans-activate excision of a transposition-defective spm (dspm) element either from a different site on the same transforming ti plasmid or from a second plasmid. an spm element expressed from the stronger cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter trans-activates tran ...	1989	2538837
molecular transformation of fusarium solani with an antibiotic resistance marker having no fungal dna homology.	a vector was constructed for transformation of the plant pathogenic fungus fusarium solani. the promoter 35sp, from cauliflower mosaic virus, was fused to the bacterial gene aph(3')ii, which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotic g418. two transformation procedures were developed: one using isolated fungal protoplasts, the other using germinated fungal spores. a transformation frequency of 3.3 g418-resistant colonies were obtained per microgram dna. of 14 colonies analyzed, 12 had v ...	1989	2550150
cauliflower mosaic virus promoters direct efficient expression of a bacterial g418 resistance gene in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	a system is presented for transformation of the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe to resistance against the antibiotic g418. the bacterial resistance gene of the transposon tn5 is expressed under the control of promoters and transcription terminators from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the promoter of the s. pombe alcohol dehydrogenase gene has also been used. transformants can be selected directly on medium containing g418 (up to 1 mg/ml) due to inactivation of g418 by the tn5 gene prod ...	1989	2558289
cell-autonomous behavior of the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes during leaf development: a visual assay for transposon excision in transgenic plants.	we describe a genetic switch based on the ac transposable element of maize and the rolc gene of agrobacterium rhizogenes, a dominant gene, which has pleiotropic effects on plant growth and morphology. moreover, rolc gene expression under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter decreases chlorophyll content in transgenic tobacco plants. chlorophyll is a visible cell-autonomous marker, and it is shown here that the reduction in chlorophyll content caused by the rolc gene product a ...	1989	2562512
abscisic acid-responsive sequences from the em gene of wheat.	we demonstrate that a chimeric gene containing the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene linked to a 646-base pair 5' fragment (-554 to +92) from the abscisic acid (aba)-regulated em gene from wheat is correctly expressed in transgenic tobacco. we observe high activity only in embryos of mature seeds, and immature seeds cultured on aba show enhanced expression. using a rice transient assay, we identify a 260-base pair fragment (-168 to +92) that accounts for the aba-specific 15-fold to 20-fold ...	1989	2562556
an octopine synthase enhancer element directs tissue-specific expression and binds asf-1, a factor from tobacco nuclear extracts.	we have investigated the expression pattern conferred by a cis-regulatory element (-212 to -154) from the upstream region of the octopine synthase (ocs) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. analysis of beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the ocs regulatory element revealed a pattern that is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. in young seedlings, expression is confined primarily to root tips. in older seedlings, expression is stronger and becomes apparent also in the shoot apex. inse ...	1989	2562557
functional expression of the leftward open reading frames of the a component of tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants.	the genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) consists of two circular dna molecules designated as components a and b. we have constructed nicotiana benthamiana plants that are transgenic for the three overlapping open reading frames, al1, al2, and al3, from the left side of tgmv a. in the transgenic plants, the al open reading frames are under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. in tgmv infectivity assays, seven of 10 transgenic lines complemented ...	1989	2562559
transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat.	methods have been developed for the isolation of aleurone protoplasts from developing caryopses of hordeum vulgare and triticum aestivum in order to study transient expression of introduced genes. chimaeric gene constructs were introduced into aleurone protoplasts by polyethylene glycol (peg). transient expression directed by the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) of the reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was detected in aleurone protoplasts from devel ...	1989	2562757
phytochrome activation of two nuclear genes requires cytoplasmic protein synthesis.	we have investigated the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on light-induced expression of two plant nuclear genes, cab and rbcs, in wheat, pea and transgenic tobacco. light activation of these two genes is very sensitive to cycloheximide, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic protein synthesis but not to chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of organellar protein synthesis. studies with chimeric gene constructs in transgenic tobacco seedlings show that cycloheximide exerts its effect at the transcriptional ...	1989	2583082
gene vi of figwort mosaic virus (caulimovirus group) functions in posttranscriptional expression of genes on the full-length rna transcript.	experimental evidence for a molecular function for gene vi of the caulimoviruses is presented. based on experiments with the figwort mosaic virus (fmv), it appears that gene vi has a role in the posttranscriptional expression of the closely packed genes (vii and i-v), which appear on the larger, full-length rna transcript of this virus. gene vi with its flanking 5'/3' expression signals included as a separate plasmid during electroporation of dna into protoplasts of nicotiana edwardsonii shows a ...	1989	2594762
the complete sequence of soybean chlorotic mottle virus dna and the identification of a novel promoter.	the complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of soybean chlorotic mottle virus (soycmv) dna was determined and compared with those of three other caulimoviruses, cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), carnation etched ring virus and figwort mosaic virus. the double-stranded dna genome of soycmv (8,175 bp) contained nine open reading frames (orfs) and one large intergenic region. the primer binding sites, gene organization and size of orfs were similar to those of the other caulimoviruses, e ...	1989	2602148
expression of proteinase inhibitors i and ii in transgenic tobacco plants: effects on natural defense against manduca sexta larvae.	genes containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter fused to open reading frames coding for tomato proteinase inhibitor i, tomato inhibitor ii, and potato inhibitor ii were expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. inhibitor i and ii proteins were identified by immunoblotting and quantified by immunoradial diffusion. both inhibitors exhibited the molecular weights found for the native proteins in their natural environments. extracts of leaves from transformed plants contained inhibitory act ...	1989	2602379
the nucleotide sequence of a soybean mosaic virus coat protein-coding region and its expression in escherichia coli, agrobacterium tumefaciens and tobacco callus.	a dna complementary to the 3'-terminal 1168 nucleotides of the genome of the n strain of soybean mosaic virus (smv) has been cloned and sequenced. cdna sequence and coat protein analyses indicate that the smv coat protein-coding region is at the 3' end of the genome, and that the coat protein is processed from a larger protein. the coat protein-coding sequence is predicted to be 795 nucleotides in length, encoding a protein of 265 amino acids with a calculated mr of 29,857. the 3' untranslated r ...	1989	2661723
cauliflower mosaic virus produces an aspartic proteinase to cleave its polyproteins.	cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), a plant pararetrovirus, produces polyproteins from its adjacent genes for the coat protein (orf iv) and for enzymatic functions (orf v). the n-terminal domain of the latter gene includes a sequence showing homology to the active site of other retroviral and acid proteases. we have now shown that this domain does indeed produce a functional aspartic protease that can process both the polyproteins. mutations in the putative active site abolished virus infectivity. ...	1989	2684630
nuclear proteins binding to a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s truncated promoter.	proteins present in tobacco nuclear extracts bind to a truncated cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter fragment (from -90 to +2 relative to the transcription start site) in a sequence specific manner. gel mobility shift assays show the presence of two protein-dna complexes that are not competed by a -47/+2 promoter fragment. dnase i protection and dna methylation interference reveal two protected sites in the slower migrating complex; both include the pentamer tgacg, separated by a stretc ...	1989	2770693
dna transfer from agrobacterium to zea mays or brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions.	dna transfer from agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, to the non-host graminaceous monocotyle-donous plant zea mays, was analysed using the recently developed technique of agroinfection. agroinfection of z. mays with maize streak virus using strains of a. tumefaciens carrying mutations in the ptic58 virulence region showed an almost absolute dependence on the products of the bacterial virc genes. in contrast, agroinfection of the control host brassica rapa with cauliflower mosaic virus ...	1989	2770696
the expression, localization, and effect of a human interferon in plants.	the orf ii of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna was replaced with the human ifn alpha d coding sequence to yield a stable camv strain designated ca524i. inoculation of turnip (brassica rapa cv "just right") with strain ca524i dna excised from plasmid pca524i resulted in the production of biologically active ifn alpha d in infected plants. this was also true for its mutant (ca562i) where one of the cys codons was deleted. ifn alpha d produced in planta did not hamper superinfection with a singl ...	1989	2773316
efficient functioning of plant promoters and poly(a) sites in xenopus oocytes.	mature xenopus oocytes were challenged with dna constructs including plant regulatory elements, namely, the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter as well as the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter and polyadenylation signal. the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was used as a reporter gene. when microinjected into these cells, the plant-derived dna constructs effectively promoted cat synthesis in a manner dependent on the presence of the plant promoters and probably also on ...	1989	2798133
site-specific mutations alter in vitro factor binding and change promoter expression pattern in transgenic plants.	the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) is able to confer high-level gene expression in most organs of transgenic plants. a cellular factor from pea and tobacco leaf tissue, which recognizes nucleotides in a tandemly repeated tgacg motif at the -75 region of this promoter, has been detected by dnase i footprinting and gel retardation assays. this factor is named activation sequence factor 1 (asf-1). a cellular factor binding to the two tgacg motifs can also be detected in tobacco roo ...	1989	2813365
differential inhibition of downstream gene expression by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna leader.	the effect of the 600 nucleotide-long camv 35s rna 5' leader sequence on the expression of downstream genes was analyzed both in plant protoplasts and in vitro. for transient expression studies in protoplasts derived from host and nonhost plants, the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) gene was fused to the initiation codon of orf vii. the leader sequence reduced cat expression two- to four-fold in protoplasts derived from three host species, but 10- to 50-fold in protoplasts deri ...	1989	2815595
cis-acting elements for light regulation of pea ferredoxin i gene expression are located within transcribed sequences.	an intact pea gene encoding ferredoxin i (fed-1) and several chimeric constructs containing portions of fed-1 were introduced into tobacco plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the intact gene was correctly transcribed and translated to produce a protein that was imported into the chloroplast and processed to its mature size. fed-1 mrna accumulation in these plants was strongly light-dependent, as it is in pea leaves. in chimeric constructs, the fed-1 promoter was active but no light ...	1989	12359905
rice phytochrome is biologically active in transgenic tobacco.	to investigate the mechanisms of phytochrome action in vivo, we have overexpressed rice phytochrome in transgenic tobacco plants. a full-length rice phytochrome cdna was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and transferred to tobacco. the progeny of some of the transgenic plants contain large amounts of rice phytochrome mrna in green leaves. extracts prepared from overexpressing plants contain twofold to fivefold more spectrophotometrically detectable phytochrome than extracts from ...	1989	12359911
expression of functional replication protein from tomato golden mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants.	the a component of the bipartite genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) encodes the viral protein (al1) that is required for viral dna replication. we have constructed transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants in which the al1 open reading frame is transcribed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transgenic plants, which were phenotypically normal, produced a single transcript from the 35s-al1 construct and a 40-kda protein that cross-reacted wit ...	1990	11607065
abnormal plant development and down-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in transgenic tobacco containing a heterologous phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene.	biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid natural products in tobacco was perturbed by introduction of a heterologous (bean) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal; l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, ec 4.3.1.5) gene, modified by inclusion of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s enhancer sequences in its promoter. these transgenic plants can exhibit a series of unusual phenotypes including localized fluorescent lesions, altered leaf shape and texture, reduced signification in xylem, stunted growth, reduced pollen viability ...	1990	11607118
histochemical analysis of camv 35s promoter-beta-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants.	the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter is commonly used to drive transcription of chimeric genes in transgenic plants, including the cereals. to determine the tissue and cell types of cereal plants that the promoter functions in, transgenic rice plants containing a camv 35s promoter/gus chimeric gene were analyzed for gus activity. insertion of a 35s/gus chimeric gene at low copy number into chromosomal dna of plants regenerated from electroporated protoplasts was confirmed by gel blot hybridizat ...	1990	2102372
characteristics of a strong promoter from figwort mosaic virus: comparison with the analogous 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus and the regulated mannopine synthase promoter.	a segment of dna from the genome of figwort mosaic virus (fmv) strain m3 possesses promoter activity when tested in electroporated protoplasts from, and transgenic plants of, nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi nc. the 1.1 kb dna segment, designated the '34s' promoter, is derived from a position on the fmv genome comparable to the position on the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) genome containing the 35s promoter. the 34s and 35s promoters show approximately 63% nucleotide homology in the tata, ccact, a ...	1990	2102823
quantitation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase in transgenic tobacco plants by elisa and correlation with gene copy number.	a monoclonal antibody to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) was used in an indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay (elisa) for the quantitation of cat in leaf extracts of eighteen transgenic tobacco plants containing the cat gene fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the elisa could be used to quantify cat when present in extracts at 20 ng/ml. enzymatic activity and electrophoretic mobility of cat in these extracts was not different from cat from escherichia coli. concentrati ...	1990	2102836
analysis of acidic and basic chitinases from tobacco and petunia and their constitutive expression in transgenic tobacco.	cdna clones of messenger rnas for acidic and basic chitinases were isolated from libraries of tobacco mosaic virus-infected samsun nn tobacco and petunia. the tobacco cdna clones for acidic chitinase fell into two different groups, whereas all petunia cdna clones had the same sequence. also, tobacco genomic clones were isolated and one was characterized. this genomic clone, corresponding to one of the cdna clones, showed that this acidic chitinase gene contains two introns. the amino acid sequen ...	1990	2131096
fos and jun oncogenes transactivate chimeric or native promoters containing ap1/gcn4 binding sites in plant cells.	the function of mammalian transcription factors of the leucine zipper class was investigated in leaf-derived protoplasts of tobacco. in transient expression experiments, fos and jun strongly activated chimeric promoters composed of the tata box region of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s transcript preceded by one to five copies of an ap1/gcn4 binding site. fos and jun also stimulated a wheat high molecular weight glutenin promoter in which similar binding sites are located more than 500 base pai ...	1990	2136639
role of propeptide glycan in post-translational processing and transport of barley lectin to vacuoles in transgenic tobacco.	mature barley lectin is a dimeric protein composed of two identical 18-kilodalton polypeptides. the subunits of barley lectin are initially synthesized as glycosylated proproteins, which are post-translationally processed to the mature protein preceding or concomitant with deposition of barley lectin in vacuoles. to investigate the functional role of the glycan in processing and intracellular transport of barley lectin to vacuoles, the sole n-linked glycosylation site residing within the cooh-te ...	1990	2152118
analysis of regulatory elements involved in the induction of two tobacco genes by salicylate treatment and virus infection.	tobacco genes encoding the pr-1a protein and a glycine-rich protein are expressed after treatment of plants with salicylate or infection with tobacco mosaic virus. upstream sequences of these genes were fused to reporter genes, and these constructs were used to transform tobacco. upstream sequences of the pr-1a gene of 689 base pairs or longer were sufficient for induction of the reporter gene in tobacco mosaic virus-inoculated leaves, systemically induced leaves from infected plants, and leaves ...	1990	2152122
a metal-dependent dna-binding protein interacts with a constitutive element of a light-responsive promoter.	we have used dnase i footprinting to characterize nuclear factors that bind to the light-responsive promoter of pea rbcs-3a, one member of the gene family encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. a sequence-specific binding activity, designated 3af1, binds to an at-rich sequence present at the -45 region of the rbcs-3a promoter. a tetramer of the 3af1 binding site, designated as box vi, can form multiple complexes with tobacco leaf and root nuclear extracts. mutations ...	1990	2152132
analysis of tomato polygalacturonase expression in transgenic tobacco.	tomato polygalacturonase is a cell wall enzyme secreted in large amounts during tomato fruit ripening. polygalacturonase is synthesized as a glycoprotein precursor that undergoes numerous cotranslational and post-translational processing steps during its maturation, yielding three isozymes in tomato fruit, pg1, pg2a, and pg2b. to investigate the physiological roles of the three isozymes and the functional significance of the polygalacturonase processing domains in its intracellular transport and ...	1990	2152163
disease symptoms in transgenic tobacco induced by integrated gene vi of cauliflower mosaic virus.	a chimeric vector (pkr 612b1) containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (aph) gene from the tn5 transposon under the control of the gene vi promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) and the cloned gene vi region (sali-bsteii) of the same virus were used to cotransform tobacco protoplasts. using the polyethylene glycol transformation procedure, a large number of protoplasts were transformed and proved to be resistant to kanamycin (km). whole km-resistant plants were regenerated and shown to co ...	1990	2161156
cauliflower mosaic virus p35s promoter activity in escherichia coli.	we present evidence that the cauliflower mosaic virus promoter p35s can direct expression of the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) gene in escherichia coli. transcription is initiated at several sites, the major one being located approximately 315 bases upstream of the plant start site. the nucleotide sequence directly preceding this start site is strongly homologous to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequence. thus constructs designed for introduction into plants can be expres ...	1990	2176717
recognition efficiency of dicotyledoneae-specific promoter and rna processing signals in rice.	heterologous gene expression experiments have shown that genes of monocotyledoneae are often not transcribed in dicotyledoneae, or produce pre-mrna that is inefficiently or aberrantly processed. it is however not known how correctly and efficiently dicotyledon-specific gene expression signals are recognized in cells of monocotyledoneae. here we address this question using tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and rice (oryza sativa) protoplasts transformed with the same hybrid gene constructs. constructs ...	1990	2177137
the cauliflower mosaic virus open reading frame vii product can be expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae but is not detected in infected plants.	antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the n-terminal 20 amino acids of the protein encoded by cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame vii (orf vii). this antiserum was used to detect the expression of camv orf vii either in saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed by an expression vector containing camv orf vii or in camv-infected plants. only in s. cerevisiae has a 14-kilodalton protein been detected.	1990	2186173
analysis of the promotors of the single-copy genes for plastocyanin and subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase from spinach.	the promotors of the single-copy genes for subunit delta of the chloroplast atp synthase (atpd) and plastocyanin (pc) from spinach have been sequenced, dissected and analysed in transgenic f0 and f1 tobacco plants using the bacterial gus gene as a reporter for promotor activity. the transcription of these genes is photo-controlled. the results have been compared with those obtained for the spinach rbcs-1 gene, one of the light-regulated genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphospha ...	1990	2194803
evolutionary conservation of transcriptional machinery between yeast and plants as shown by the efficient expression from the camv 35s promoter and 35s terminator.	complementation of fission yeast mutants by plant genomic libraries could be a promising method for the isolation of novel plant genes. one important prerequisite is the functioning of plant promoters and terminators in schizosaccharomyces pombe and saccharomyces cerevisiae. therefore, we studied the expression of the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and 35s terminator. we show here that s. pombe initiates tran ...	1990	2202523
design and cloning of a synthetic gene for the flounder antifreeze protein and its expression in plant cells.	a synthetic gene coding for the winter flounder antifreeze protein (afp) has been constructed. a new strategy for the synthesis has been employed such that one strand of the duplex was chemically synthesized and the other was produced enzymatically by chain extension. the chemically synthesized blocks were constructed so that the second strand was self-priming. the resulting dna fragment was incorporated into the vector, pgcs1, which contained a translational fusion of the sequence encoding afp ...	1990	2210378
expression of cauliflower mosaic virus gene i using a baculovirus vector based upon the p10 gene and a novel selection method.	a new baculovirus expression vector based upon the p10 gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and a novel system for the screening of p10 recombinants have been developed. the insertion of a cassette containing the lacz gene under the control of a heat-shock promoter of drosophila melanogaster downstream from the cloning site in p10 transfer vectors allows the convenient identification of putative recombinants by virtue of their expression of beta-galactosidase. using ...	1990	2219726
expression of cauliflower mosaic virus gene i in insect cells using a novel polyhedrin-based baculovirus expression vector.	an improved polyhedrin-based baculovirus expression vector was constructed to expedite distinguishing infections by putative baculovirus recombinants from infections by wild-type (wt) baculovirus. the vector utilizes the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene (lacz) as a genetic marker for positive recombination between wt autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and the baculovirus transfer vector. the marker gene/expression cassette was constructed so that lacz and the deleted polyh ...	1990	2230725
tissue-specific expression of the tmv coat protein in transgenic tobacco plants affects the level of coat protein-mediated virus protection.	transgenic tobacco plants were produced that express a chimeric gene encoding the coat protein (cp) of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) under the control of the promoter from a ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcs) gene. plant lines expressing comparable levels of cp from the rbcs and cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoters were compared for resistance to tmv. in whole plant assays the 35s:cp constructs gave higher resistance than the rbcs:cp constructs. on the other hand, leaf mesophy ...	1990	2238465
vacuolar targeting and posttranslational processing of the precursor to the sweet potato tuberous root storage protein in heterologous plant cells.	sporamin, the tuberous root storage protein of the sweet potato, which is localized in vacuoles, is synthesized as a prepro-precursor with an n-terminal sequence of amino acids that includes a signal peptide and an additional pro-segment of 16 amino acids. a full-length cdna for sporamin was placed downstream of the 35 s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and introduced into tobacco and sunflower genomes by ti plasmid-mediated transformation. a polypeptide of nearly the same size as mature spo ...	1990	2246259
molecular analysis of an aurea photosynthetic mutant (su/su) in tobacco: lhcp depletion leads to pleiotropic mutant phenotypes.	su is a nuclear encoded, semi-dominant aurea mutation in nicotiana tabacum l. the homozygous plants (su/su) are pale yellow and non-photosynthetic while the heterozygous (su/+) are photosynthetically competent and have a yellow-green phenotype which is distinct from that of green wild-type plants (+/+). we have examined the rna and protein levels for a number of nuclear and plastid encoded chloroplast proteins under high and low light plant growth conditions. under high light conditions, the lig ...	1990	2249672
enhancer sequences from arabidopsis thaliana obtained by library transformation of nicotiana tabacum.	in this paper we report on the use of a bidirectional enhancer cloning vehicle to isolate and characterize new enhancer sequences from arabidopsis thaliana. a library of a. thaliana genomic sau3a segments was constructed in escherichia coli in the binary plasmid enhancer cloning vehicle proa97. the t-dna based vector carries abbreviated tata regions from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s transcription unit upstream of two genes. the library was transferred via triparental mating into agrobacteriu ...	1990	2250645
variable patterns of expression of luciferase in transgenic tobacco leaves.	a carboxyl-terminally modified firefly luciferase, encoded as a gene fusion to the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (which confers kanamycin resistance), was found to be enzymatically active for both enzymes when expressed in bacteria and in transgenic plants. a military-type starlight vision system was used to conveniently analyze the pattern of gene expression in transgenic tobacco plant leaves. transgenic tobacco plants which expressed luciferase uniformly in all areas of the leaf, and assays ...	1990	2251262
effect of cpg methylation on gene expression in transfected plant protoplasts.	activity of the cat gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter has been assayed by transfecting petunia protoplasts with the puc8camvcat plasmid. in vitro methylation of this plasmid with m.hpaii (methylates c in ccgg sites) and m.hhai (methylates gcgc sites) did not affect bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) activity. it should be noted, however, that no hpaii or hhai sites are present in the promoter sequence. in contrast, in vitro methylation of the plasmid with th ...	1990	2258051
enhancement of foreign gene expression by a dicot intron in rice but not in tobacco is correlated with an increased level of mrna and an efficient splicing of the intron.	the first intron of castor bean catalase gene, cat-1 was placed in the n-terminal region of the coding sequence of the beta-glucuronidase gene (gusa) and the intron-containing gusa was used with the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. using this plasmid, pig221, the effect of the intron on expression of beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity was examined in transgenic rice calli and plants (a monocotyledon), and transgenic tobacco plants (a dicotyledon). the intron-containing plasmid increa ...	1990	2263444
a plant dna-binding protein increases the number of active preinitiation complexes in a human in vitro transcription system.	tga1a is a tobacco dna-binding protein that binds to the activation sequence-1 (as-1) element of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we have produced tga1a in escherichia coli, purified it from bacterial extracts, and examined its effect on transcription in a human in vitro system. addition of tga1a stimulates transcription by up to 20 times, and the stimulation is dependent on the presence of the as-1 element in the promoter. when transcription reinitiation is inhibited by 0.3 m kcl, act ...	1990	2276624
expression of the beta-glucuronidase gene under the control of the camv 35s promoter in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	we have transformed schizosaccharomyces pombe with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene from escherichia coli under the control of the plant cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter element. efficient expression of gus enzyme was observed. moreover, transcription initiated at a unique site identical to that used in plant cells.	1990	2325625
gt-1 binding site confers light responsive expression in transgenic tobacco.	light-dependent expression of rbcs, the gene encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, which is the key enzyme involved in carbon fixation in higher plants, is regulated at the transcriptional level. sequence analysis of the gene has uncovered a conserved gt motif in the -150 to -100 region of many rbcs promoters. this motif serves as the binding site of a nuclear factor, designated gt-1. analysis of site-specific mutants of pea rbcs-3a promoter demonstrated that gt-1 ...	1990	2330508
positive and negative control of translation by the leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus pregenomic 35s rna.	we have studied the influence of the 600 nt long leader sequence of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna on downstream translation. plant protoplasts were transfected with plasmids expressing a cat reporter gene from a mrna, containing wild-type or mutant forms of the 35s rna leader. deletion analysis revealed the presence of three separate stimulatory sequence regions, s1, s2 and s3. the latter two interact with each other to enhance downstream translation 5- to 10-fold. this enhancement was not ob ...	1990	2347303
mutation of either g box or i box sequences profoundly affects expression from the arabidopsis rbcs-1a promoter.	a deletion analysis of the arabidopsis thaliana rbcs-1a promoter defined a 196 bp region (-320 to -125) sufficient to confer light-regulated expression on a heterologous arabidopsis alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) reporter gene in transgenic nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaves. this region, which contains dna sequences i, g and gt boxes, with homology to other ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcs) gene promoter sequences, directed expression independent of orientation and relativ ...	1990	2347304
plant nuclear factor asf-1 binds to an essential region of the nopaline synthase promoter.	we have characterized a tobacco nuclear factor that binds to the -118 region of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter from the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens. the binding site for this factor, identified by dnase i footprinting, encompasses the region from -138 to -103 of the nos promoter. this region, which contains a potential z-dna-forming sequence, was previously shown to be essential for nos promoter activity in transgenic tobacco. a synthetic 21-base pair sequence from the protecte ...	1990	2351681