Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
construction of a genetic map of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus by marker rescue of temperature-sensitive mutants.mutations of seven temperature-sensitive mutants of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) were mapped with respect to the physical restriction map of the a. californica npv dna by marker rescue. dnas from two distantly related npvs of the multiply embedded type and two npvs of the singly embedded type were unable to rescue two a. californica npv mutants.198116789213
hybridization selection and in vitro translation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus mrna.we isolated polyadenylated rna from the cytoplasm of cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus late after infection (21 h postinfection). at that time intracellular protein synthesis was directed almost exclusively toward infected cell-specific proteins. the polyadenylic acid-containing rna sequences in the cytoplasm at 21 h postinfection were radiolabeled in vitro and hybridized to a. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna restriction fragments. the polyadenylic ...198116789215
physical factors that affect in vitro autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection.of the physical parameters tested for in vitro baculovirus infection, multiplicity of infection was most important in governing percent cell infection. most plaques formed within the first 5 min of incubation. efficiency of infection, however, was low, and the virus titer did not diminish during prolonged incubation. efficiency of infection improved markedly when cells or virus were preincubated with selected polyanions and polycations. precise regulation of the ph, osmotic pressure, and ionic c ...198116345768
characterization of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated from diseased gonometa podocarpi (lepidoptera:lasiocampidae).gonometa podocarpi is an important pest of several species of pine in east africa, and large numbers of trees in plantations in kenya were partially or completely defoliated by the larval stage of this insect. after the infestation in the mt. elgon region, large numbers of dead and moribund larvae were found on the ground. examination of extracts of these larvae demonstrated the presence of an occluded virus. electron microscopy of purified sectioned polyhedra demonstrated the presence of virus ...198116345830
baculovirus induction of a dna polymerase.the baculovirus, autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus, induced a new aphidicolin-sensitive, alpha-like, dna polymerase upon infection of the lepidopteran noctuid, trichoplusia ni. the new virus-induced dna polymerase could be separated from the host alpha-like polymerase by phosphocellulose chromatography. the two polymerases differed in their sensitivities to heat inactivation, high salt concentrations, and 0.1 m phosphate buffer.19816793735
two naturally occurring nuclear polyhedrosis virus variants of neodiprion sertifer geoffr. (hymenoptera; diprionidae).two isolates of neodiprion sertifer (geoffr.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus from britain and north america were compared using three biochemical techniques. alkaline protease assays of polyhedra revealed the presence of endogenous enzyme activity in the british isolate but not in the north american isolate. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of virus particle structural polypeptides revealed only minor differences, with the exception that the north american virus was contamin ...198216345930
generalized immunoassay for autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infectivity in vitro.a quantitative in vitro immunoassay for the infectivity of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was developed and performed in six different lepidopteran cell lines. the assay was not dependent upon cytopathic effect or polyhedron production, but rather upon viral antigen production and its recognition in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining procedure. the importance of using such an assay for accurately assessing infectivity in cell lines which produce polyhedra inefficiently was d ...198216346059
orientation of the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: a proposal.the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the alfalfa looper autographa californica contains a double-stranded, circular dna genome. fourteen scientists agreed to accept an orientation of this circular genome with respect to a physical map of the restriction endonuclease cleavage sites.198216789218
molecular cloning and physical mapping of restriction endonuclease fragments of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna.a restriction fragment library containing autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna was constructed by using the pbr322 plasmid as a vector. the library, which is representative of more than 95% of the viral genome, consists of 2 of the 7 bamhi fragments, 12 of the 24 hindiii fragments, and 23 of the 24 ecori fragments. the cloned fragments were characterized and used to generate physical maps of the genome by hybridizing nick-translated recombinant plasmid to southern blots ...198216789219
capping of viral rna in cultured spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.viral rna from fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) cells infected with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains cap structures. most of the cap labeled in vivo with [(3)h]methionine or (32)p(i) cochromatographed on deae-cellulose with the -5 charge marker; a minor component appeared at -4 net charge. the former is probably a cap 1 structure (m(7)gpppx(m) (p)yp), and the latter is probably a cap 0 (m(7)gpppxp). on the basis of relative labeling of the two caps with [(3)h]adeno ...198216789227
mapping the mutation site of an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedron morphology mutant.a polyhedron morphology mutant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, designated m5, was compared with wild-type virus by genotypic analysis with ecori, bamhi, hindiii, ssti, and smai restriction endonucleases. m5 dna revealed several alterations relative to the wild-type pattern: (i) ecori fragment i was 400 base pairs larger; (ii) bamhi fragment f was missing; (iii) hindiii fragment f was 400 base pairs larger; (iv) an extra restriction fragment was obtained with both hindiii an ...198216789229
in vitro translation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus early and late mrnas.a preliminary translational map of the autographa californica genome was constructed. eighteen viral dna restriction fragments were either purified from agarose gels or obtained from pbr322 recombinant dna plasmids to locate specific gene products. the dnas were immobilized on nitrocellulose filters and used to select viral mrnas isolated from rna obtained from the cytoplasm of infected spodoptera frugiperda cells at 21 h postinfection. the fragment-specific mrnas were translated in vitro in the ...198216789231
analysis of the spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome by restriction endonucleases and electron microscopy.restriction endonuclease analysis was used to differentiate between four strains of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus from different geographical areas. in addition, partial denaturation was performed, and a partial denaturation map was constructed for the ohio strain of this virus.198216789233
the isolation and characterization of the mp and fp plaque variants of galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus.two plaque morphologies were detected in assays of galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations which had been serially passaged in the tn-368 cell line. the fp (few polyhedra) plaques were larger (0.7-mm average diameter) and the infected cells contained less than 10 polyhedra each. the mp (many polyhedra) plaques were smaller (0.5-mm average diameter), and the infected cells contained greater than 10 each. only the fp variant could be purified by plaque picking and remained pure ...198218635122
dna restriction-pattern differences from geographic isolates of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus.two nuclear polyhedrosis viruses were isolated from spodoptera littoralis larvae collected from several areas in israel. the two viruses were characterized and compared by restriction endonuclease cleavage of their dna and southern blot hybridization. the two viruses have no detectable sequence homology. a variant, homologous to the more common virus isolate, was also found.198218635146
alteration of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna upon serial passage in cell culture.plaque-purified autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, acmnpv e2 isolate, was propagated for 30 generations by serial passage in tn-368 cells. after passage, the dnas from 7 of 20 replaque-purified isolates were found to have additional ecori restriction enzyme fragments. these 7 isolates were of three types. the additional ecori fragments of each isolate hybridized to existing viral dna. restriction enzyme mapping with saci and smai show that isolates of each type contain an inserti ...198218635147
inhibition of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in high-density trichoplusia ni cell cultures.replication of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was studied in trichoplusia ni (tn-368) tissue culture cells under cell density conditions which approximated a confluent monolayer (5.7 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) growth surface). these high-density cultures were not refractory to infection but the synthesis of both the occluded and nonoccluded forms of the virus were inhibited greater than 98% when compared to inoculation of low cell density cultures (1.4 x 10(5) cells/cm(2)). the i ...198218635148
properties of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the great wax moth: oligomeric circular dna and the characteristics of the genome. 198218638732
identification, cloning, and r-loop mapping of the polyhedrin gene from the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata.polyadenylated rna was isolated from orgyia pseudotsugata larvae 8-10 days postinfection with the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this rna was centrifuged through a sucrose gradient and fractions enriched for polyhedrin mrna were identified by in vitro translation. complementary dna made to this rna hybridized predominantly to a 5-kb fragment of xhoi-digested viral dna. this fragment was cloned into the plasmid pacyc177 and mapped with restriction endonucleases. a sali subclone with a 2. ...198218638748
characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.mouse hybridomas which produce monoclonal antibodies to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) have been prepared and the protein to which each is directed has been determined. the antibody produced by clones 3f3 and 5e9 specifically bound polyhedron protein of mw 32,000 when used in immunoadsorption chromatography when used in elisa they could not distinguish between insect- and cell culture-derived polyhedron protein and also reacted with a wide range of baculoviruses. t ...198218638810
dna homology among subgroup a, b, and c baculoviruses.the dna homology among 18 baculoviruses from subgroups a, b, and c was compared using restriction endonuclease analysis, dna hybridization, and southern blot hybridization. restriction enzyme patterns for each of the viral dnas compared was unique. viral dna homology was evaluated by hybridizing 32p-labeled viral dnas to unlabeled dnas immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. hybridization conditions were varied by using a range of formamide concentrations during annealing. the apparent dna homolo ...198218638848
rifampin inhibition of the occluded virus form of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus.rifampin at concentrations toxic to noninfected cells but not to infected cells is a selective inhibitor of occluded virus of the group a baculoviridae (nuclear polyhedrosis virus). however, the titer of nonoccluded virus is not affected. rifampin blocks occlusion until late in the replication cycle (14 to 16 h), and its effects are reversible. modes of action of polyhedral inclusion body production are unknown.19826291455
the translational map of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome.we have mapped early and late viral gene products expressed in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus ( acnpv )-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells by cell-free translation of virus-specific rna which was selected by hybridization to cloned restriction endonuclease fragments of acnpv dna. proteins synthesized in vitro were labeled with [35s]methionine and analyzed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography. at least four early acnpv -specific polypeptides were ...19826327284
molecular cloning of dna complementary to mrna of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: location and gene products of rna transcripts found late in infection.dnas complementary to late autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) mrna were synthesized by reverse transcription and cloned in escherichia coli by using pbr322 as a vector. eleven different cdnas were distinguished in our screening of 45 acnpv-homologous clones. location of the regions of cdna homology with respect to the acnpv physical map showed that the 11 cdnas were dispersed throughout the genome. the most abundant cdna insertion, representing approximately one-third of t ...19826184487
[transfection conditions for baculovirus dna in an insect cell line].the following conditions were found to be necessary to achieve infection of a spodoptera frugiperda cell line with purified dna of nuclear polyhedrosis virus of spodoptera exempta (npv): (1) cell monolayers shall be prepared one day before the experiment; the number of cells added to 35-mm wells of plastic clusters (falcon) shall be 1.0 x10(6)-1.1x10(6), and the cells shall be in the stage of logarythmic growth; dna shall be diluted in hebs-buffer (ph 6.95-7.05); the volume of the mixtures added ...19827090350
bromodeoxyuridine-induced mutants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus defective in occlusion body formation.twelve temperature-sensitive (ts) and two morphology mutants of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were generated using the mutagen 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdurd). the ts mutants grew normally at 25 degrees c but exhibited abnormal occlusion body formation when grown at 33 degrees c whereas the morphology mutants produced an abnormal cytopathic effect at 25 degrees c and 33 degrees c. none of the mutants was severely restricted for production of non-occluded virus; thus, with th ...19826754865
the use of a protein a conjugate in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of four closely related baculoviruses from spodoptera species.the virus particles from four closely related insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npvs) isolated from their homologous spodoptera spp. hosts were examined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), employing both swine anti-rabbit and protein a conjugate. results from both systems indicated that s. littoralis npv is serologically distinct from the other three viruses, s. frugiperda npv, s. exempta npv and s. exigua npv, which are closely related. the relatedness of these viruses ...19826754866
transcription of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome: location of late cytoplasmic mrna. 19826755883
effect of aluminum chloride and zinc sulfate on autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) replication in cell culture.when ipl-sf-21ae iii continuous insect cell line was grown and maintained in ipl-41 insect cell culture medium supplemented with 16 microm of alcl3 or 0.24 microm of znso4 . 7h2o, or both metallic salts, and then infected with autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus, virus replication was increased significantly. the yield of polyhedral inclusion bodies (pib) was enhanced up to 121%. synthesis of cell-free nonoccluded virus was increased to 365% when infectivity was assayed by the plaqu ...19826759370
autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna does not persist in mass cultures of mammalian cells.autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) is one of the most extensively studied baculoviruses. we have investigated whether acnpv or its dna can replicate and/or persist in cultures of mammalian cells. human hela cells or primary human embryonic kidney cells, simian cv1 cells, hamster bhk21 (b3) cells or muntiacus muntjak cells growing in monolayer cultures were used in these studies. cells were inoculated with acnpv at multiplicities ranging from 0.1 to 100 pfu/cell. subsequent ...19836402854
midgut and viral associated proteases of heliothis armigera.the role played by the gut juice of insects in the infective process of insect viruses was examined. analysis of larval gut extract of heliothis armigera by sds-page revealed protease activity associated with components of molecular weights 48,000 and 94,000. proteases were found to be associated with occlusion bodies and virions of both nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) infecting h. armigera. cpv occlusion bodies were dissolved by gut juice extract at ph ...19836337972
neutralization studies on the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. 19836338869
morphogenesis of nuclear polyhedrosis virus from autographa californica in a cell line from mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth). further aspects on baculovirus assembly.cultures of cell line izd-mb 0503 from mamestra brassicae were inoculated with nonoccluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acnov). at 1 h postinoculation (p.i.) nucleocapsids were found in the cytoplasm near nuclear pores and within the nucleoplasm. formation of virogenic stroma was observed at 7 h p.i. the first short empty capsids were seen at 10 h postinoculation (p.i.), followed by partially and completely filled nucleocapsids (11-12 h p.i.) with most capsids filled at ...19836339063
monoclonal antibodies to baculovirus structural proteins: determination of specificities by western blot analysis.conventional mouse hybridoma technology was utilized to produce a panel of monoclonal antibodies which reacted with baculovirus proteins. using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the hybridomas which were raised against polyhedrin from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and choristoeura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus (cfnpv) were found to cross-react differentially with polyhedrins and granulins from several species of baculoviruses. hybridoma antibodies ...19836340331
the influence of larval maturation on responses of mamestra brassicae l. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection.responses of mature mamestrae brassica larvae, in the fifth and sixth instars, to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) have been quantified. there was an 86 fold decrease in susceptibility to virus, related linearly to increasing body weight, for the larval weight range tested. although the rate of decreasing response to weight was constant, three phases of susceptibility were identified by shifts in the positions of the regression line of log ld50 on log body weight. larvae above 700 mg were propor ...19836340641
baculovirus replication: inhibition of trichoplusia ni multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus by [e]-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.[e]-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) inhibits the replication of the baculovirus trichoplusia ni multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus in spodoptera frugiperda cells. virus-specific dna synthesis and late protein synthesis are suppressed by the drug. bvdu is phosphorylated by deoxythymidine (deoxycytidine) kinase present in both uninfected and virus-infected cells, and in its 5'-triphosphate form it inhibits dna polymerase activity in virus-infected cells. the effect of the bvd ...19836343553
safety evaluation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in pigs.to evaluate the hygienic risk involved in using baculoviruses for insect pest control, safety studies are required. pigs were chosen as representative test animals of commercial and agricultural importance. the tests were aimed at detecting virus propagation, immune reactions, and signs of acute infection (changes in body temperature and hematology profile, swelling of lymph nodes). four of five animals inoculated with nuclear polyhedrosis virus showed a slight temperature rise at day 2 postinfe ...19836344789
persistent baculovirus infections: spodoptera frugiperda npv and autographa californica npv in spodoptera frugiperda cells.establishment of a persistent infection of spodoptera frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) in spodoptera frugiperda (s.f.) cells occurred in three phases: the first phase was characterised by high levels of cell infection and death, the second phase by decreasing cell infection levels leading to the final phase where less than one per cent of the cells were infected during any subculture. the virus persisted at this level of infection provided the cells were maintained by regular subcultu ...19836360080
analysis of a mutant of autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus with a defect in the morphogenesis of the occlusion body macromolecular lattice.a mutant (m-29) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) grew in spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cells but did not form typical intranuclear occlusion bodies (ob); instead, small particles (95 to 180 nm diam.) were produced in copious amounts within nuclei. ultrastructural studies showed that the particles did not occlude enveloped nucleocapsids and that they lacked a macromolecular paracrystalline lattice and a structure equivalent to the occlusion body envelope. ...19836306151
production of human beta interferon in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector.autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was used as an expression vector for human beta interferon. by using specially constructed plasmids, the protein-coding sequences for interferon were linked to the acnpv promoter for the gene encoding for polyhedrin, the major occlusion protein. the interferon gene was inserted at various locations relative to the acnpv polyhedrin transcriptional and translational signals, and the interferon-polyhedrin hybrid genes were transferred to inf ...19836318086
the process of virus assembly in insect virus mixed infections.interference occurred upon infection of the cabbage moth caterpillars (mamestra brassicae l.) with a mixture of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), resulting in the impairment of virus assembly, and formation of abnormal nucleocapsids. at the same time protein supercapsids were produced normally, but contained no infectious virions. when insects were infected with related viruses, the virions developed as usual, but the protein supercapsids revealed abnorma ...19836139945
characterization of two abundant mrnas of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus present late in infection.cytoplasmic poly(a)(+) rna isolated from spodoptera frugiperda cells late after infection with autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (30-40 hr pi) was fractionated according to size on denaturing methyl mercury gels. two major rna species (1.4 kb and 0.75 kb) and several minor rna species were detected by ethidium bromide staining. the predominant rna species of about 1.4 kb was considered to be polyhedrin mrna because (1) in vitro translation of the rna, which was eluted from methyl ...198318638868
a temperature-sensitive mutant of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus defective in an early function required for further gene expression.fifteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of proteins synthesized in infected cells. one of the mutants, tsb821, was found to be defective in a very early function. seven virus-induced proteins were synthesized by 2 hr postinfection. in marked contrast to wild-type virus and the other 14 ts mutants, the synthesis of further virus ...198318638939
mapping early transcription products of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.the regions of the acmnpv genome represented as cytoplasmic transcripts early after infection of spodoptera frugiperda cells prior to and encompassing the initiation of dna replication were mapped. in vivo(32)p pulse-labeled cytoplasmic rna from infected cells at various times postinfection was used to probe southern blots of cloned ecori acmnpv dna fragments. at the earliest time point studied (0.5 - 2.5 hr p.i.) transcripts represented a large proportion of the genome although specific regions ...198318638940
a semipermissive nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection: characterization of infection kinetics and morphogenesis.an in vitro host-range model system, designated system ii, was developed for the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus spodoptera frugiperda (sf-mnpv). this system consisted of sf-mnpv-infected s. frugiperda cells (permissive system) and sf-mnpv-infected trichoplusia ni cells (semipermissive system). infection kinetic studies revealed that while progeny virus was produced in the semipermissive system, the infectious virus yield was at least 700-fold lower than that in positive controls. electro ...198318639138
a study of the glycoproteins of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv).pulse labeling with tritiated mannose was used to follow the time course of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) glycoprotein synthesis in spodoptera frugiperda iplb-21 cells. nine viral-induced intracellular glycoproteins were first detected from as early as 2 hr postinoculation (67k, early phase) to as late as 14 hr (36k and 19k glycoproteins, intermediate phase). glycosylation of these proteins was observed to continue to the end of the experiment (28 hr postinoculation). ...198318639173
nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.the nucleotide sequence of a 1143-bp region of autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) dna containing the entire coding region of polyhedrin was determined. the coding region consisted of 732 bp without intervening sequences. the 5' leader sequence was approximately 58 nucleotides in length. a putative "tata box" and "caat box" were located 20 and 52 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site, respectively. two tandem repeats of 8 bp were found 70 and 84 bp upstream from the transcriptional st ...198318639177
physical analysis of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus transcripts for polyhedrin and 10,000-molecular-weight protein.in autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected cells, polyhedrin, the major structural polypeptide of the viral occlusions, and a low-molecular-weight viral protein with a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 (10k) accumulated to high levels late in infection. two polyadenylated rnas 1,200 and 630 bases in size were the most abundant viral transcripts present in the cytoplasm at 48 h postinfection. evidence is presented that these rnas were the transcripts for polyhedrin and 1 ...198316789235
location of homologous dna sequences interspersed at five regions in the baculovirus acmnpv genome.an examination of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna revealed the presence of five interspersed regions, rich in ecori restriction sites, which shared homologous sequences. these homologous regions (hr), designated hr(1) to hr(5), occur at or near the following ecori fragment junctions: hr(1)ecori-b-ecori-i (0.0 map units); hr(2), ecori-a-ecori-j (19.8 map units); hr(3), ecori-c-ecori-g (52.9 map units); hr(4), ecori-q-ecori-l (69.8 map units); and hr(5), ecori-s-ecori-x (88.0 ...198316789237
occluded and budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: immunological relatedness of structural proteins.the immunological relatedness of the structural proteins of the budded and occluded phenotypes of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was examined by reciprocal immunoblotting and by in situ peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining of virus-induced cell surface and intracellular antigens with antisera to both phenotypes. the molecular weights (mws) of major structural proteins of both phenotypes that reciprocally cross-reacted were 92,500, 78,000, 62,500, 54,000, and 42,000. a highly imm ...198316789239
protein kinase activity associated with the extracellular and occluded forms of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.protein kinase activity is associated with both the extracellular and the occluded forms of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, a baculovirus. serine and threonine are the predominant amino acids phosphorylated by the kinase activity associated with both viral forms; no phosphotyrosine was detected. the addition of calcium, camp, or cgmp has no apparent effect on the amount of phosphorylation or the substrates phosphorylated.198316789240
molecular engineering of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome: deletion mutations within the polyhedrin gene.we describe a method to introduce site-specific mutations into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. specifically, the a. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene for polyhedrin, the major protein that forms viral occlusions in infected cells, was mutagenized by introducing deletions into the cloned dna fragment containing the gene. the mutagenized polyhedrin gene was transferred to the intact viral dna by mixing fragment and viral dnas, cotransfecting spodoptera fr ...198316789242
viral transcription during autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection: a novel rna polymerase induced in infected spodoptera frugiperda cells.autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-specific rna synthesis in isolated nuclei of spodoptera frugiperda cells in culture was monitored at different times postinfection. up to 8 h postinfection viral rna synthesis remained sensitive to 5 mug of alpha-amanitin per ml. during the course of infection this sensitivity decreased, and at 24 h postinfection rna synthesis was completely resistant to alpha-amanitin. deae-sephadex profiles of rna polymerase isolated at 24 h postinfection showe ...198316789246
dynamics of baculovirus growth and dispersal in mamestra brassicae l. (lepidopteranoctuidae) larval populations introduced into small cabbage plots.the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of mamestra brassicae has been studied in larval populations of the moth introduced into small plots of cabbages. primary dispersal of virus from single foci of infected larvae resulted from enhanced movement of the larvae, which colonized new plants logarithmically. virus growth within the host population was quantified, and infection of young larvae in the following generation was related directly to the concentration of virus produced during the primary phase. s ...198316346197
in vitro survey of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus interaction with nontarget vertebrate host cells.thirty-five nontarget host cell lines, 23 of human and 12 of nonhuman vertebrate origin, were exposed to autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations derived from four different sources: polyhedra, hemolymph, cell culture medium, and cultured cells. the virus and cells were incubated together at two different temperatures, 28 or 37 degrees c, for four different lengths of time, 16, 40, 64, or 168 h, and the cells were assayed for the presence of virus by a peroxidase-antiperoxi ...198316346229
characterization of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) nuclear polyhedrosis virus.characterization of the proteins and nucleic acid of the gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolated in ithaca, n.y. (ldnpv-it) is presented. a total of 29 viral structural proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis when the virus was isolated in the absence of alkaline protease activity. fourteen surface envelope viral proteins were identified by lactoperoxidase iodination. eleven proteins were associated with nucleocapsids prepared by nonidet p-40 ...198316346355
mapping of early and late transcripts encoded by the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome: is viral rna spliced?early and late transcripts were mapped on the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome by northern blotting and hybridization with the cloned viral ecori fragments. at least 11 early and about 90 late rnas were compared with over 32 polypeptides synthesized by in vitro translation of hybrid-selected rna. the latter method, of course, had its limitations also and did not guarantee that all viral rnas could be detected in this way. a comparison of cytoplasmic and total cellular rna ...198416789249
time course analysis and mapping of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus transcripts.to study the expression of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome, intracellular virus-specific proteins and mrnas were pulsed-labeled, extracted, and analyzed at 6-h intervals during the replicative cycle. most rnas were detected between 12 and 24 h postinfection (p.i.), but many continued to be synthesized until late in infection. polyhedrin and p8 mrnas were the two most abundant late viral rna transcripts, and they were synthesized at high rates until late in th ...198416789250
regions of repeated dna in the genome of choristoneura fumifefana nuclear polyhedrosis virus.the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (cfmnpv), was shown, by southern blot hybridization, to contain regions of repeated dna sequences. these homologous regions have been located at four sites on the physical map of cfmnpv. in addition, the dna at one of these sites is expanded, possibly via tandem duplication, in a fraction of the total viral dna population.198418639829
budded autographa californica npv 64k protein: further biochemical analysis and effects of postimmunoprecipitation sample preparation conditions.previously it was shown that acv1, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-budded phenotype reacted with a surface antigen present on infected cells during virus budding, and in the viral envelope (l. e. volkman, p. a. goldsmith, r. t. hess, and p. faulkner (1984), virology 133, 354-362). radioimmune precipitation of solubilized, [35s]methionine-labeled budded virus with acv1 and analysis on sds-page revealed four bands consistently: one major ...198418639832
nucleotide sequence of the p10 polypeptide gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.a portion of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome lying within the ecori-p region of the physical map has been sequenced. previous studies employing northern blotting and in vitro translation had shown that this region encoded the gene for a "late" 8-10k polypeptide [d. z. rohel, m. a. cochran, and p. faulkner, virology 124, 357-365, (1983); g. e. smith, j. m. vlak, and m. d. summers, j. virol.45, 215-225, (1983)]. the 1313-base pair region contained an open reading frame ...198418639833
strong and regulated expression of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase in insect cells with a baculovirus vector.the n-terminal region of the gene encoding polyhedrin, the major occlusion protein of the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), has been fused to dna encoding escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. the fused gene was inserted into the acnpv dna genome by cotransfection of insect cells with recombinant plasmid dna and wild-type acnpv genomic dna. recombinant viruses were selected as blue plaques in the presence of a beta-galactosidase indicator, 5-bromo-4-chl ...19846325875
photoreactivation and ultraviolet-enhanced reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated nuclear polyhedrosis virus by insect cells.the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus) of galleria mellonella (pryalidae: lepidoptera) was used to investigate the capability of cultured insect cells to repair ultraviolet (uv) induced damage in the viral genome. when assayed by the formation of plaques in the cell line tn-368, the survival of the virus was found to decrease linearly with increased ultraviolet exposure. the infectious capacity of uv-irradiated virions was significantly restored after exposing the tn-368 monolayers to eith ...19846365037
nucleotide sequence of the galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus origin of dna replication.the initiation sites of the galleria mellonella l. nuclear polyhedrosis virus (g.m. npv) dna replication were revealed. for this purpose scld 135 cells permitting the g.m. npv productive reproduction were transformed by the recombinant plasmids containing the viral genome individual fragments in prsf 2124 and pbr 322 vectors. it was revealed that 2 of the 32 recombinant plasmids can autonomously replicate in the eucaryotic cells. according to the maxam-gilbert method the dna g.m. npv fragment (1 ...19846365591
replication and serial passage of a singly enveloped baculovirus of orgyia leucostigma in homologous cell lines.a singly enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus (snpv) of the white-marked tussock moth, orgyia leucostigma, was successfully grown in four continuous cell lines developed from minced neonate larvae of this insect. level of infection in two cell lines, ipri-ol-12 and ipri-ol-13, was 65-90%, but in the other two, ipri-ol-4 and ipri-ol-9, it was about 3%. polyhedral inclusion bodies (pibs) appeared in the nuclei of cells within 24 h postinoculation. cytopathological changes and morphogenesis of the ...19846365830
identification and localization of reiterated sequences in the choristoneura fumiferana mnpv genome.the genome of choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus (cfmnpv) contained reiterated sequences interdispersed in four locations. these regions, termed rs, were found in ecori fragments a, f, e and b. the sequences were identified by hybridization of the fragment ecori-a to a southern blot of ecori-digested viral dna. further confirmation and more precise localization of the rs sequences was obtained by hybridization of nick-translated 32p-labeled ecori-e fragment to southern blots of ...19846370684
interaction of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with two nonpermissive cell lines.the interaction of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus with two nonpermissive cell lines was investigated. the insect cell line, cp 169, and the chinese hamster cell line, cho-k1, were able to adsorb and engulf virus particles, but there was no evidence for viral replication in these cells based on virus growth titrations, electron microscopy, dot hybridization, and synthesis of viral induced proteins.19846376420
baculovirus replication: phosphorylation of polypeptides synthesized in trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected cells.a number of polypeptides synthesized specifically in trichoplusia ni multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (t. ni mnpv)-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells are phosphorylated both early and late in infection. certain non-structural proteins and the major basic internal protein are the main phosphoproteins detected in infected cells. the polyhedron protein was not phosphorylated. many cell proteins continue to be phosphorylated throughout infection. pulse-chase experiments have shown ...19846379101
production of polyhedrin monoclonal antibodies for distinguishing two orgyia pseudotsugata baculoviruses.monoclonal antibodies were produced to polyhedrins from orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) and single-capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opsnpv). although the polyhedrins are closely related, antibodies were selected which allowed differentiation between the two viruses. in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, purified opmnpv and opsnpv polyhedrins could be detected by specific monoclonal antibodies at concentrations as low as 2 and 5 ng/ml, respective ...19846391377
[physico-chemical characteristics of the dna of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the moth porthetria dispar l].dna preparations were obtained after dissolving the inclusion bodies, polyhedra virus particles, from the purified bundle virus of porthetria dispar l. nuclear polyhedrosis. the dna molecules in the preparations obtained are of different conformation and separate within the cscl density gradient in the presence of ethidium bromide into supercoiled catenated and relaxed circular molecules (with the admixture of linear molecules). the circular dna was studied by electron microscopy. the size of vi ...19846393473
transcription of overlapping sets of rnas from the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: a novel method for mapping rnas.the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) contains a double-stranded, supercoiled circular genome of 126 to 129 kilobase pairs in length. in cultured spodoptera frugiperda insect cells the virus replications, and early and late phases of viral genome expression are discernible. we previously mapped 5 early and at least 32 late different viral polypeptides on the viral genome (h. esche, h. lübbert, b. siegmann, and w. doerfler, embo j. 1:1629-1633, 1982). ho ...19846090702
the antiviral spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine.the antiviral activity spectrum of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu) is not restricted to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) but also encompasses several other herpesviruses such as suid herpesvirus type 1 (shv-1), bovid herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), simian varicella virus (svv), herpesvirus saimiri, herpesvirus platyrrhinae, and the baculovirus trichoplusia ni multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus. other herpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus type 2, ...19846092320
conservation of genome organization in two multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.the genome of the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of orgyia pseudotsugata was mapped by examining overlapping hindiii fragments from cosmid clones which had been constructed from partial hindiii digests of viral dna. five opmnpv cosmid clones containing fragments encompassing the entire opmnpv genome were hydridized to blots of dna from the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica. the hybridization pattern indicated that the genomes of these viruses are similarly ...19846092694
phenotypic characterization and physical mapping of a temperature-sensitive mutant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus defective in dna synthesis.a ts mutant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv), ts8, was shown to be defective in viral dna synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature. ts8-infected cells synthesized only early viral polypeptides at the nonpermissive temperature, and in contrast to wild-type (wt)-infected cells, showed no inhibition of host cell protein synthesis. the effect of the mutation on viral dna synthesis was not immediately reversed after shifting infected cells down from the nonpermissive te ...19846093362
cloning and sequencing of the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni granulosis virus.a restriction fragment containing the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni granulosis virus was located in a blot of viral genomic dna using a cloned polyhedrin gene as a probe. this fragment was cloned, mapped, subcloned, and the sequence of the coding region and 5' and 3' flanking regions was determined. although granulin is very similar in size to nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrins, the n-terminal region of granulin demonstrated a high degree of variability with the first 60 amino acids ...19854082501
modification and secretion of human interleukin 2 produced in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector.a cdna coding for human interleukin 2 (il-2) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. cells infected with recombinant virus produced high levels of mr 15,500 il-2 polypeptide, the majority of which was secreted into the culture medium during infection. the recombinant il-2 was able to stimulate the growth of an il-2-dependent cell line. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the insect-derived il-2 was identical to that ...19853878519
infectivity assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus using spodoptera littoralis cells.tissue culture id50 and plaque assays for the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the spodoptera littoralis cell line hpb-sl, were developed. direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21. both infectious tissue culture supernatants or virus isolated directly from polyhedra could be titrated. it was important to use low cell seeding densities in the ass ...19853882730
temporal regulation of baculovirus rna: overlapping early and late transcripts.analysis of the temporal sequence of rna transcription within the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome revealed individual transcription units composed of overlapping early or late rnas, or both. high-resolution s1 nuclease mapping within the 3.0-kilobase hindiii-k fragment located five overlapping rnas (1.07, 1.38, 2.63, 3.16, and 3.50 kilobases) transcribed in the same direction and terminated at a common 3' site. the smallest rnas appeared early but were replaced in time b ...19853886931
polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.a portion of the genome of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori has been cloned. this part of the viral genome contains the gene encoding the viral occlusion body protein, polyhedrin. the polyhedrin gene has been sequenced in its entirety together with some of its 5' and 3' flanking sequences. the primary structure of polyhedrin predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene was found to be somewhat different from the one reported previously for the authentic protein (e. a. kozlov, ...19853886932
inactivation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus subgroup a) by monochromatic uv radiation.monochromatic radiation at wavelengths of 290, 300, 310, and 320 nm inactivated occluded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the douglas-fir tussock moth, orgyia pseudotsugata (mcdunnough). data indicate that all of the wavelengths are capable of causing virus inactivation; much greater fluences are needed for virus inactivation as the wavelength increases.19853888111
the promoter of the late p10 gene in the insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus autographa californica: activation by viral gene products and sensitivity to dna methylation.in lepidopteran insect cells infected with the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), two major late viral gene products are expressed: the polyhedrin, a 28 000 mol. wt. protein which makes up the mass of the nuclear inclusion bodies, and a 10 000 mol. wt. protein (p10) whose function is unknown. the nucleotide sequences of these strong promoters conform to those of other eukaryotic promoters and are rich in at base pairs. we used the psvo-cat construct containing ...19853891327
the nucleotide sequence of the pieris brassicae granulosis virus granulin gene.two overlapping restriction fragments containing the pieris brassicae granulosis virus (gv) granulin gene were cloned into plasmids. the regions containing the coding region and the 5' and 3' flanking regions were subcloned into m13 and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence data were compared to those for the granulin gene from the trichoplusia ni gv and the polyhedrin gene from the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv). the amino acid sequences derived from these dna sequences ...19853891914
neutralisation of trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus with antisera to two forms of the virus.two forms of a baculovirus, trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus, one released at the plasma membrane of cells (cell released virus: crv) and the other derived from polyhedra (polyhedron derived virus: pdv) occur naturally. antisera raised against the two forms specifically neutralised the homologous form. the envelope proteins of the two forms were shown to be the major proteins involved in serum neutralisation and to be responsible for the antigenic diversity of the virus forms.19853892234
isolation of large and small plaque variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. brief report.variants of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus which produce large (1.4 mm) or small (0.5 mm) plaques on spodoptera littoralis cells have been isolated. yields of extracellular virus and polyhedra by the large plaque variant were six-fold higher and 140-fold lower, respectively, than those obtained with the small plaque variant. however the two variants could not be distinguished when spodoptera frugiperda cells were used.19853893392
[properties of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus].four passages of barathra brassicae l nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) in heliothis armigera hbn caterpillars were carried out. b. brassicae npv was found to be highly infective for caterpillars of both species. when h. armigera caterpillars were infected with b. brassicae npv, reproduction of the latter occurred alongside with the induction of h. armigera latent virus. in subsequent passages the latent virus replaced the foreign npv. it was noted in mixed infection that in the 2nd passage the a ...19853913136
production of human c-myc protein in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector.a cdna fragment coding for human c-myc was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced significant amounts of c-myc protein, which constituted the major phosphoprotein component in these cells. by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, two proteins of 61 and 64 kilodaltons were detected with c-myc-specific antisera. the insect-derived prote ...19853915537
the polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.cloned sali fragments of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmsnpv) dna were screened with the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus as a probe. one positive clone, pbn61, with an insert of 1.65 kb, was obtained. the hindiii, hpaii and alui maps of the insert were constructed. part of its nucleotide sequence has been determined. the 46 amino acid sequence, as determined from the nucleotide sequence, was compared with the reported sequence of bmsnpv polyhedrin. ...19853915597
induction of spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in cell cultures.a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) infection was initiated in a spodoptera littoralis cell line when haemocytes from granulosis virus (gv)-infected s. littoralis larvae and ultra-violet-inactivated sendai virus were added.19852982357
production of human alpha-interferon in silkworm using a baculovirus vector.microorganisms are generally used for mass production of foreign gene products, but multicellular organisms such as plants have been proposed as an economical alternative. the silkworm may be useful in this context as it can be cultured easily and at low cost. we have therefore developed a virus vector to introduce foreign genes, for example, the gene for human alpha-interferon (ifn-alpha), into silkworms. we used the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) which has a large ( ...19852989694
baculovirus-mediated expression of bacterial genes in dipteran and mammalian cells.a recombinant baculovirus containing the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter and the e. coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the very late baculoviral polyhedrin promoter was used to determine if autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, a baculovirus of lepidoptera, can enter and express viral dna in dipteran (drosophila sp.) and mammalian (mus sp.) cells that are considered ...19852993646
dna homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus and other baculoviruses.the dna sequence homology relationships between spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and five other lepidopteran npvs were studied by hybridization of 32p-labeled npv dnas to southern blots of restriction-endonuclease-digested npv dna. the s. littoralis npv (slmnpv) shows extensive dna sequence homology through most of the genome with s. frugiperda npv and s. exigua npv. heliothis armigera npv, h. zea npv, and autographa californica npv (acmnpv) share fewer regions of homology ...19852995274
baculovirus (mnpv) genomic variants: characterization of spodoptera exempta mnpv dnas and comparison with other autographa californica mnpv dnas.a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) strain from spodoptera exempta (semnpv-25 baculovirus) is a restriction endonuclease dna map variant similar to autographa californica npv (acmnpv baculovirus). fourteen restriction endonuclease variants were identified and isolated from a semnpv baculovirus stock with 12 of the variants found at low frequency (less than 3%). the dna from each variant was compared to the prototype semnpv-25 for insertions, deletions and new restriction sites. regions of variati ...19852997376
size and map locations of early transcription products on the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.the size classes and map locations of early transcripts of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were identified by probing northern blots with cloned viral dna fragments. twelve abundant and 30 minor transcripts were detected by 4 hr postinfection. there was an increase in the abundancy and number of virus-specific transcripts between 6 and 8 hr postinfection, coincident with the onset of dna replication. the change in transcription pattern did not occur in cells infected at the non ...19852997978
mechanism of neutralization of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus by a monoclonal antibody: inhibition of entry by adsorptive endocytosis.autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) is characterized by two different phenotypes, each with a specific role in the life cycle of the virus in nature. they differ widely in infectivity both in vivo and in vitro, and are neutralized by different populations of antibodies. a monoclonal antibody designated acv1 neutralizes one phenotype, bv, by reacting with a major envelope antigen not present on the other phenotype. bv can functionally enter cells by two different pathways an ...198518639849
monoclonal antibodies identify conserved epitopes on the polyhedrin of heliothis zea nuclear polyhedrosis virus.monoclonal antibodies were formed against polyhedrin from the heliothis zea s nuclear polyhedrosis virus. the cross-reactivity of these antibodies with polyhedrins and granulins of other occluded baculoviruses indicates that group and subgroup epitopes exist. evidence is presented that multiple copies of one epitope or a series of closely related epitopes exist on the polyhedrin molecule. the monoclonal antibodies, with the exception of one igm-producing hybridoma clone, were all of the igg1 iso ...198518639853
alternate pathway of entry of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus: fusion at the plasma membrane.recently we reported that the budded phenotype of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (aenpv bv) functionally entered iplb-sf-21 cells by adsorptive endocytosis and that neutralizing monoclonal antibody acv1 acted by preventing acnpv bv from using this entry pathway (l. e. volkman and p. a. goldsmith (1985), virology 143, 185-195). not all infectivity could be neutralized by acv1, however, and in the study reported herein we investigated the nature of the particles responsible for ...198618640581
replication of the trichoplusia ni granulosis and nuclear polyhedrosis viruses in cell cultures.newly established trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) embryonic cell lines were infected with t. ni granulosis virus (tngv) and t. ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (tnsnpv). infection of cultured cells with tngv was ascertained by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining, dna slot-blot hybridization, and transmission electron microscopy. initially, 15 cell lines supported tngv replication, the percentage of infected cells ranging from 1 to 50%.however, susceptibility of the 15 cell lines to tngv infection e ...198618640644
effect of tunicamycin on the structural proteins and infectivity of budded autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.the budded phenotype of autograha californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv bv) has a 64k glycoprotein in its envelope which is important in the ability of the virus to functionally enter host cells. tunicamycin (tm), an inhibitor of n-linked glycosylation, was used to determine whether the sugar moiety was essential for the normal function of the 64k protein. at 10 mug/ml tm, glycosylation was completely inhibited. infectivity of acnpv bv was reduced to 2% of control while extracellular par ...198618640650
semipermissive replication of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica in a gypsy moth cell line.several gypsy moth cell lines have been previously described as nonpermissive for the multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus of autographa californica (acmnpv). in this report, we demonstrate the semipermissive infection of a gypsy moth cell line, iplb-ld-652y, with acmnpv. iplb-ld-652y cells infected with acmnpv produced classic cytopathic effects but failed to yield infectious progeny virus. results of experiments employing dna-dna dot hybridization suggested that acmnpv dna synthesis wa ...198616789253
interspersed homologous dna of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus enhances delayed-early gene expression.the five regions of homologous dna which are interspersed in the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus increased the expression of a delayed-early gene of this virus. although this activity was first observed as a 10-fold trans effect, the homologous region 5 (hr5) enhanced the expression of linked genes 1,000-fold. the hr5 enhancer also exhibited the other characteristics associated with viral enhancer elements, including orientation independence and the ab ...198616789258
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 201 - 300 of 1347