Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| infectious bursal disease virus structural protein vp2 expressed by a fowlpox virus recombinant confers protection against disease in chickens. | two fowlpox virus recombinants were constructed which expressed the host-protective antigen, vp2, of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). recombinant fpv-vp 2.4.3 contained the gene for the vp 2-vp4-vp3 polyprotein under the control of the vaccinia virus late promoter p.l 11 inserted within the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of fpv. in infected chicken embryo skin (ces) cells vp2 and vp3 proteins were correctly processed from the polyprotein precursor molecule. recombinant fpv-vp2 contained only ... | 1993 | 8394069 |
| role of the tk+ phenotype in the stability of pigeonpox virus recombinant. | insertion of foreign dna containing the e. coli gpt marker by homologous recombination in the pigeonpox virus (ppv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene and selection for the presence of this dna in the viral genome produced unstable recombinants after 3 plaque purifications. we highlight the persistence of duplicated tk dna sequences arising from single crossing over, due to the growth advantage of tk+ virus. restoration of the tk function by coinsertion of the vaccinia virus tk gene led to stable tk+ re ... | 1993 | 8394070 |
| measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the usefulness of the measurement of antibody titer to fowl pox virus (fpv) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated in spf chickens with or without inoculation with fpv. the optimum concentration of purified antigen was 10 micrograms/ml of protein. the absorbance at 492 nm was less than 0.10 in the chickens negative to fpv from 1 to 63 days old. by contrast, a higher titer was detected in spf chickens with various fpvs inoculated into the wing web than in non-inoculated chicke ... | 1994 | 7696418 |
| differential diagnosis of infectious laryngotracheitis from other avian respiratory diseases by a simplified pcr procedure. | a simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based procedure was developed for the detection of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) in chicken trachea, chorio-allantoic membrane (cam), infected hepatoma cells and infectious cell culture supernatant. samples were prepared by dilution in distilled water. after boiling and low speed centrifugation, samples were used for pcr analysis with two primers without special labeling. the pcr analysis for ilt virus could be completed in less than 8 h ... | 1994 | 7714054 |
| influence of dose and route of inoculation on responses of chickens to recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines. | the influence of dose and route of inoculation on responses of chickens to vaccination with recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpvs) expressing an influenza haemagglutinin (ha) (fpv-ha) and the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp2 antigen (fpv-vp2) has been evaluated. antibody responses to influenza and fowlpox virus were generated following vaccination via the wing web by subcutaneous inoculation or skin scarification. intranasal and conjunctival inoculation failed to induce antibodies to fpv ... | 1994 | 7801520 |
| mutational analysis of the proteolytic cleavage site of glycoprotein b (gb) of marek's disease virus. | the marek's disease virus (mdv) glycoprotein b (gb) precursor, gp100, is proteolytically cleaved into two disulfide-linked subunits, gp60 and gp49. in the gb homologs of most other herpesviruses, a tetrapeptide, arg-xaa-arg-arg, is immediately upstream from the predicted cleavage site. we have investigated the specificity of the proteolytic cleavage in gp100 by introducing mutations within its predicted cleavage site (arg-leu-arg-arg) and expressed these mutants in recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv ... | 1994 | 7821796 |
| enhancement of mucosal iga responses by interleukins 5 and 6 encoded in recombinant vaccine vectors. | the expression of the genes for murine interleukin-5 (il-5) or il-6 in recombinant vaccinia virus vectors markedly increased iga reactivity to co-expressed heterologous antigen in the lungs of mice inoculated intranasally with the viruses. these elevated local iga responses reached a peak four times higher than those elicited by control viruses 14 days after infection and these peak levels were maintained for at least four weeks. elevated iga responses, reaching a peak 3-4 weeks after immunizati ... | 1994 | 7831487 |
| vaccination of chickens with a recombinant fowlpox virus containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus under the control of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase promoter. | when chickens were vaccinated with a recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) containing the newcastle disease virus (ndv) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) cdna under the control of the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter and inserted into the fpv tk gene, the fpv antibody response to the recombinant virus was similar to the response to vaccination with standard fpv, and the recombinant virus protected chickens against challenge with virulent fpv. while the presence of the ndv hn cdna was demonstrated in the ... | 1994 | 7889464 |
| structural proteins of fowlpox virus vaccine strain and field isolates. | structural polypeptides of ivri vaccine strain and two field isoaltes of fowlpox virus (bareilly isolate and panchmahal isolate) were analysed on sds-page and by immunoblotting technique. in 5%-20% gradient acrylamide gel 31, 29 and 31 polypeptide bands and in 7.5%-15% gradient gel 45, 37 and 39 polypeptide bands were detected after coomassie blue staining respectively for bareilly isolate, panchmahal isolate and ivri vaccine strain. the molecular weight (mw) of the polypeptides ranged from 226. ... | 1994 | 7896313 |
| analysis of cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to siv proteins in siv-infected macaques using antigen-specific stimulation with recombinant vaccinia and fowl poxviruses. | methods to analyze cd8+ ctl responses to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-encoded proteins are essential to understand lentivirus immunopathogenesis and protective immune responses. recombinant infectious shuttle vectors are useful for analyzing ctl responses to many viruses, including hiv. therefore, ctl responses in siv-infected macaca fascicularis to siv env and siv gag/pol were evaluated using specific antigen stimulation with recombinant vaccinia (rvv) and fowl poxviruses (rfpv) containi ... | 1994 | 7917517 |
| the safe and effective use of fowlpox virus as a vector for poultry vaccines. | the safety and efficacy of a fowlpox-newcastle disease vaccine were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. genetic and phenotypic stability following cell culture and chick passage were demonstrated. the safety characteristics of the recombinant virus equalled or exceeded those of the parent fowlpox virus, as determined by lack of shed and spread to contacts, failure to revert to virulence following passage in chicks and innocuity in other avian species. the fowlpox-newcastle disease virus e ... | 1994 | 7958468 |
| selective induction of immune responses by cytokines coexpressed in recombinant fowlpox virus. | avipoxviruses have recently been studied as potential vectors for the delivery of heterologous vaccine antigen. because these viruses abortively infect mammalian cells yet still effectively present encoded foreign genes to the host immune system, they offer a safer but effective alternative to other live virus vectors. we have examined the effect of coexpressing the cytokine interleukin-6 or gamma interferon on immune responses to a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing influenza virus hemaggluti ... | 1994 | 7966603 |
| identification and characterization of an orf virus homologue of the vaccinia virus gene encoding the major envelope antigen p37k. | dna sequence analysis of a 1.55-kb region located 10 kb from the left end of the orf virus nz-2 strain (ov nz2) genome revealed an open reading frame, b2l, encoding a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 41.67 kda. this protein (p42k) shows 42% amino acid sequence identity to the vaccinia virus (vac) major envelope antigen p37k. in addition, p42k shows homology to a protein encoded by molluscum contagiosum virus (42.8% identity) and another encoded by fowlpox virus (38.3% identity). thes ... | 1994 | 8030257 |
| protection against turkey rhinotracheitis pneumovirus (trtv) induced by a fowlpox virus recombinant expressing the trtv fusion glycoprotein (f). | a recombinant fowlpox virus was produced which expressed the fusion protein (f) of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv), a pneumovirus. turkey poults were vaccinated twice, at an interval of 2 weeks, intramuscularly and by wing web on each occasion, with the recombinant or a control fowlpox virus. two weeks after the second vaccination the poults were challenged superconjunctivally and intranasally with virulent trtv. a partially protective immune response was achieved; turkeys vaccinated with th ... | 1994 | 8036832 |
| deletion of fowlpox virus homologues of vaccinia virus genes between the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (a44l) and dna ligase (a50r) genes. | a fragment of 4156 bp of fowlpox virus (fpv) genomic dna contains homologues of vaccinia virus 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-hsd; a44l) and dna ligase (a50r) genes. the fpv locus has clearly been rearranged relative to that of vaccinia virus as homologues of genes a45r to a49r, including the thymidylate kinase and a gene with homology to superoxide dismutase, are deleted. the deleted genes are replaced by two open reading frames: for a serine proteinase in ... | 1994 | 8077953 |
| studies of fowlpox virus recombination in the generation of recombinant vaccines. | a p7.5/beta-galactosidase (7.5 lacz) gene construct, cloned adjacent to the fowlpox virus (fpv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was used as a marker to identify the products of recombination as 'blue' fpv plaques. the rfpvs were detected as early as 4 h after the introduction of plasmid dnas and by 72 h post-infection (p.i.) for one transfer vector comprised 0.48% of the viral population. the proportion of rfpv increased linearly from 0.073% to 0.62% as the cumulative length of homologous sequences i ... | 1994 | 8079511 |
| modification of infectious bursal disease virus antigen vp2 for cell surface location fails to enhance immunogenicity. | the host protective antigen gene vp2 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was genetically modified and expressed by recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv). to achieve cell surface localization, vp2 was expressed as a hybrid protein with signal sequence and membrane anchors of influenza virus hemagglutinin or neuraminidase. native vp2 was expressed as vp2 alone or as self-processing vp2-vp4-vp3 polyprotein for coexpression of ibdv structural proteins. vp2 hybrid protein containing the carboxy-te ... | 1994 | 8079513 |
| identification and characterization of a marek's disease virus gene homologous to glycoprotein l of herpes simplex virus. | we have identified three marek's disease virus (mdv) open reading frames (orfs) within the bamhi d fragment of mdv genome. the predicted polypeptides are homologous to ul1 (glycoprotein l, gl), ul2 (uracil-dna glycosylase), and ul3 (nuclear localizing phosphoprotein) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of these three orfs with hsv-1 counterparts revealed overall identities of 18, 43, and 49%, respectively. in spite of the low overall amino acid ... | 1994 | 8091671 |
| the glycoprotein b genes of marek's disease virus serotypes 2 and 3: identification and expression by recombinant fowlpox viruses. | the nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein b (gb) genes of marek's disease virus (mdv) serotypes 2 and 3 were determined (gb-2 and gb-3, respectively). the genomic locations of these genes coincide with that of the gb gene of serotype 1 mdv (gb-1). alignment with gb-1 (ross et al., 1989, j. gen. virol. 70, 1789-1804) revealed predicted amino acid identities of 83 and 82% for gb-2 and gb-3, respectively. excluding the predicted n-terminal signal sequences, 8 of 9 potential n-linked glycosylatio ... | 1994 | 8178437 |
| the marek's disease virus (mdv) unique short region: alphaherpesvirus-homologous, fowlpox virus-homologous, and mdv-specific genes. | despite its previous classification as a gammaherpesvirus, primarily due to its lymphotropism, marek's disease virus (mdv), an oncogenic avian herpesvirus, is phylogenetically more related to the "neurotropic" alphaherpesviruses, characterized by its prototype, herpes simplex virus (hsv) (buckmaster et al., 1988, j. gen. virol. 69, 2033-2042). in this report we present the dna sequence of an 11,286-bp dna segment encompassing the entire 11,160-bp-long us region of the oncogenic avian herpesvirus ... | 1995 | 7831788 |
| active immunotherapy of cancer with a nonreplicating recombinant fowlpox virus encoding a model tumor-associated antigen. | some tumor cells express ags that are potentially recognizable by t lymphocytes and yet do not elicit significant immune responses. to explore new immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing the recognition of these tumor-associated ags (taa), we developed an experimental mouse model consisting of a lethal clone of the balb/c tumor line ct26 designated ct26.wt, which was transduced with the lacz gene encoding beta-galactosidase, to create ct26.cl25. the growth rate and lethality of ct26.cl25 ... | 1995 | 7722321 |
| identification and characterization of the thymidine kinase gene of yaba virus. | dna of yaba virus, a member of the poxviruses, was mapped by cross-hybridization between fragments of various restriction enzymes. the genome was approximately 135 kb in length and possessed two characteristic features of poxviruses: cross-links and inverted terminal repeats at both termini. hybridization of fragments of yaba virus dna to known vaccinia virus dna fragments indicated that the thymidine kinase (tk) gene mapped within the 0.9 kb xhoi-hincii fragment between 52.5 and 53.5 kb from th ... | 1995 | 7730796 |
| highly attenuated poxvirus vectors: nyvac, alvac and trovac. | three highly attenuated and efficacious poxvirus-based vectors, nyvac, alvac and trovac, are available for targeted applications as recombinant vaccines in both human and veterinary medicine. the attenuated phenotype of the three vectors is consistent with safe use for vaccination purposes, for the vaccinee, for unvaccinated contacts, and for introduction into the environment. the precise deletion of virulence and host range genes in the nyvac vector precludes reversion to the virulent phenotype ... | 1995 | 7796949 |
| a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the envelope antigen of subgroup a avian leukosis/sarcoma virus. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) was constructed by inserting cloned sequences from schmidt-ruppin subgroup a avian sarcoma virus coding for the viral envelope (env) antigen into a nonessential region of fpv dna downstream from a synthetic promoter. sera from chickens hyperimmunized with the recombinant fpv neutralized the infectivity of the homologous subgroup a virus (rcasbp/ap) but only weakly neutralized the infectivity of rous sarcoma virus, another subgroup a avian leukosis virus. similar ... | 1995 | 8561735 |
| in vivo effects of chicken myelomonocytic growth factor: delivery via a viral vector. | we have constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) that expresses chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cmgf). administration of this construct (fp/cmgf) to 1-day-old chicks resulted in a marked and sustained increase in the number of circulating blood monocytes compared with chicks infected with the parental fpv strain (fp/m3). blood monocyte numbers were elevated within 4 days of fp/cmgf infection, reached maximal levels at day 9, and returned to normal levels by day 16. during the peak res ... | 1996 | 8609421 |
| expression of bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase in avian and mammalian cells by a recombinant fowlpox virus. | the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase gene was integrated into the fowlpox virus genome under the control of the vaccinia virus early/late promoter, p7.5. the recombinant fowlpox virus, fpeflt7pol, stably expressed t7 rna polymerase in avian and mammalian cells, allowing transient expression of transfected genes under the control of the t7 promoter. the recombinant fowlpox virus expressing t7 rna polymerase offers an alternative to the widely used vaccinia virus vtf7-3, or the recently developed m ... | 1996 | 8609493 |
| partial transcriptional mapping of the fowlpox virus genome and analysis of the ecori l fragment. | several fowlpox virus (fpv) dna fragments were selected by differential hybridization using cdna of transcripts that were strongly transcribed early and/or later after infection of qt-35 cells. the ecori l fragment contained three strongly transcribed fpv genes: l1l, a late 1452 bp partial (amino end) orf; l2r, an early/late 522 bp orf; and l3r, a late 948 bp orf. the protein products of l1l, l2r and l3r shared homology with the products of vaccinia virus (vv) genes h4l (rap94), h5r (ag35) and h ... | 1996 | 8627248 |
| evaluation of the thymidine kinase (tk) locus as an insertion site in the highly attenuated vaccinia mva strain. | the highly attenuated 'modified vaccinia ankara' (mva) strain is a potential live vaccine vector. insertional inactivation of the tk-gene resulted in viruses difficult to purify. co-integration of a functional fowlpox virus tk-gene allowed easy generation of recombinants, indicating that the genetically stable tk-gene region is a suitable insertion site, if tk-gene activity is substituted. | 1996 | 8645102 |
| comparative immunological and genomic characterization of fowlpox virus isolates. | chickens infected with fowlpox virus (fpv) ivri vaccine strain and two field isolates collected from clinical cases of disease (bareilly isolate and panchmahal isolate) produced humoral antibody response after 2nd week post-infection, with a noticeable variation in degree of immune response. serum antibody titre peaked at 4th week post-infection with a titre of 25,600, 25,600 and 51,200 being detected in elisa and neutralization index of 2.75, 2.43 and 3.12 in serum neutralization test (snt) wit ... | 1996 | 8698401 |
| fowlpox virus structural protein immunogens and characterization of single band polypeptide. | a fowlpox virus isolate obtained from an outbreak of disease in a vaccinated poultry flock was propagated in chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture. analysis of purified virus polypeptide on 7.5-15% gradient polyacrylamide gel revealed 45 structural polypeptides after coomassie blue staining. the mol.wt. of polypeptides ranged between 225.53 and 10.50 kda with total mol.wt. of 2650 kda. variable numbers of immunogenic virion polypeptides were detected in immunoblot with fowlpox virus infected ch ... | 1996 | 8698419 |
| efficacy of a recombinant fowl pox-based newcastle disease virus vaccine candidate against velogenic and respiratory challenge. | a fowl pox-based recombinant virus trovac-ndv (vfp96.5) was developed expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins from a velogenic strain of newcastle disease virus (ndv). studies in specific-pathogen-free birds indicated that inoculation of a single dose of the recombinant led to the induction of significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody that were maintained to 8 wk postinoculation. further, the recombinant induced protective immunity against a combined ... | 1996 | 8713031 |
| protection and synergism by recombinant fowl pox vaccines expressing genes from marek's disease virus. | recombinant fowl poxviruses (rfpv) were constructed to express genes from serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) coding for glycoproteins b (gb1), c (gc), and d (gd) and tegument proteins ul47 and ul48, as well as genes from serotypes 2 and 3 mdv coding for glycoprotein b (gb2 and gb3). these rfpvs, alone and in various combinations, including combinations of fowl poxvirus (fpv)/gbs with turkey herpesvirus (hvt), were evaluated for ability to protect maternal antibody-positive (ab+) and -negativ ... | 1996 | 8790888 |
| immunity to mexican h5n2 avian influenza viruses induced by a fowl pox-h5 recombinant. | the presence of highly pathogenic h5n2 avian influenza in domestic poultry in mexico that is not being eradicated by conventional depopulation methods constitutes an imminent problem for poultry producers and agricultural authorities in the united states. the present report considers the candidate vaccines available to h5n2 influenza virus and establishes that a fowl pox-h5 recombinant can provide protection from lethal mexican h5n2, and prevent shedding in the feces and transmission to contact ... | 1996 | 8790900 |
| evaluation of a commercial modified live virus fowl pox vaccine for the control of "variant" fowl poxvirus infections. | three-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with either a commercial modified live virus fowl pox vaccine or five "variant" poxvirus field isolates. immunity engendered by the commercial modified vaccine or field isolates was challenged with either the variant isolates or commercial modified vaccine virus. the commercial modified vaccine did not adequately protect vaccinates against challenge with the variant isolates. the percentages of vaccinated chickens protected following ... | 1996 | 8883788 |
| strategy for identifying the gene encoding the dna polymerase of molluscum contagiosum virus type 1. | molluscum contagiosum virus (mcv) is a member of the family poxviridae and pathogenic to humans. mcv causes benign epidermal tumors mainly in children and young adults and is a common pathogen in immunecompromised individuals. the viral dna polymerase is the essential enzyme involved in the replication of the genome of dna viruses. the identification and characterization of the gene encoding the dna polymerase of molluscum contagiosum virus type 1 (mcv-1) was carried out by pcr technology and nu ... | 1996 | 8938977 |
| restriction fragment analysis of fowlpox virus using bgl i, bam hi, hha i and sma i restriction endonucleases. | fowlpox virus vaccine strain and two field isolates collected from out breaks of disease were purified from cell culture using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. the viral dnas were digested with bgl i, bam hi, hha i and sma i restriction endonucleases and the fragment pattern was analysed on 0.7% agarose gel. bgl i digestion produced 54 fragments of size ranging from 31.50 to 0.60 kb, having similar electrophoretic mobilities in both the vaccine strain and two field isolates. only 9 well res ... | 1996 | 9055646 |
| protective vaccination of ferrets against canine distemper with recombinant pox virus vaccines expressing the h or f genes of rinderpest virus. | to investigate the ability of rinderpest virus (rpv) antigens, expressed in pox virus vectors, to protect against canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in ferrets. | 1997 | 9185963 |
| recombinant fowlpox virus vaccines against australian virulent marek's disease virus: gene sequence analysis and comparison of vaccine efficacy in specific pathogen free and production chickens. | we have cloned and sequenced the glycoprotein genes gb, gc and gd of the australian virulent marek's disease virus (mdv) isolate woodlands no. 1. the glycoprotein gb and gc sequences were identical to the homologs of other virulent mdv type 1 strains, and the glycoprotein gd sequence contained only one unique amino acid substitution. recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpvs) expressing the mdv glycoprotein genes were constructed and their efficacy as vaccines was evaluated in specific pathogen free (s ... | 1997 | 9255932 |
| field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus carry integrated sequences from the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus. | for baculoviruses and herpesviruses, integration of transposons or retroviruses into the virus genome has been documented. we report here that field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus (fpv) carry integrated sequences from the avian retrovirus, reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). using pcr and hybridization analysis we observed that vaccine and field strains of fpv carry rev sequences integrated into a previously uncharacterized region of the right 1/3 of the fpv genome. long-range pcr, hybridiz ... | 1997 | 9281517 |
| dna vaccination against virus infection and enhancement of antiviral immunity following consecutive immunization with dna and viral vectors. | recent demonstrations of the immunogenicity of antigens encoded in dna plasmids following delivery by various routes have heralded a new era in vaccine development. in this article, we review progress in dna-based antiviral immunoprophylaxis. preclinical studies have already established the immunogenicity of dna plasmids encoding protective antigens from a wide variety of viral pathogens and work published in recent months has raised real prospects of broadly protective dna vaccination against i ... | 1997 | 9315482 |
| enhancing efficacy of recombinant anticancer vaccines with prime/boost regimens that use two different vectors. | the identification of tumor-associated antigens and the cloning of dna sequences encoding them have enabled the development of anticancer vaccines. such vaccines target tumors by stimulating an immune response against the antigens. one method of vaccination involves the delivery of antigen-encoding dna sequences, and a number of recombinant vectors have been used for this purpose. to optimize the efficacy of recombinant vaccines, we compared primary and booster treatment regimens that used a sin ... | 1997 | 9362157 |
| role of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene for the growth of fpv recombinants in cell culture. | fowlpox virus (fpv) insertion plasmids were constructed that, upon integration into the viral genome via in-vivo recombination, inactivate the viral thymidine kinase (tk) gene. using this approach, no wild-type virus-free stocks of recombinant virus could be obtained. in contrast, either integration of foreign genes into the intergenic region of the intact fpv tk gene and the open reading frame located downstream, or the functional substitution of the inactivated fpv tk gene by an intact vaccini ... | 1997 | 9672604 |
| application of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of fowl poxvirus infection. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify a 578-bp fragment of the fowl poxvirus (fpv) genome and with a set of primers framed a region within the gene coding for 4b core protein. an amplified product was detected with six strains of fpv, whereas none was obtained from uninfected cell cultures, skin tissue or four unrelated avian pathogens. the sensitivity of pcr was tested with nucleic acids from the fpv-infected cell cultures. the detection limit was 10(-1) tcid50 in an ethidium ... | 1997 | 9015281 |
| identification of novel transmembrane gene sequence and its use for cell-surface targeting of beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. | we identified a 685-nucleotide gene fragment that codes for the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of glycoprotein of the lep strain rabies virus and carried out experiments designed to express a novel fusion protein on the cell surface. the cdna encoding the membrane anchor sequence was fused in the correct reading frame to the 3' end of the cdna encoding the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta(h)cg), a secretory glycoprotein that is used as an antigen for a contraceptive vacc ... | 1998 | 9703016 |
| recombinant fowlpox viruses coexpressing chicken type i ifn and newcastle disease virus hn and f genes: influence of ifn on protective efficacy and humoral responses of chickens following in ovo or post-hatch administration of recombinant viruses. | we have constructed recombinant (r) fowl pox viruses (fpvs) coexpressing chicken type i interferon (ifn) and/or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) and fusion (f) proteins of newcastle disease virus (ndv). we administered rfpvs and fpv into embryonated chicken eggs at 17 days of embryonation or in chickens after hatch. administration of fpv or rfpvs did not influence hatchability and survival of hatched chicks. in ovo or after hatch vaccination of chickens with the recombinant viruses resulted in p ... | 1998 | 9711795 |
| expression of target genes by coinfection with replication-deficient viral vectors. | an in vivo transcription system was developed by coinfection of cells with replication-deficient viral vectors. recombinant baculovirus (act7hcvluc) and fowlpox virus (fpvt7hcvluc) carrying a cdna of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) minigene encoding the hcv 5' untranslated region (utr), a luciferase gene and the 3' utr, including the 98 nt extra sequence, under the control of the t7 promoter were constructed. the hcv minigene was synthesized in various cells by coinfection with one of these two viru ... | 1998 | 9714235 |
| progress in recombinant vaccine development against coccidiosis. a review and prospects into the next millennium. | the increasing problems encountered by the poultry industry, despite the extensive use of drugs, have emphasised the need for an immunological solution for the economic damage caused by the eimeria parasite. although immunity develops relatively fast following a natural infection, to induce protection by using parasite extracts or single antigens appears more difficult. nevertheless, the development of a vaccine based on defined antigens seems the best solution in the long run. at the vith inter ... | 1998 | 9724883 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 4.3 kbp bamhi-n fragment of fowlpox virus fp9. | nucleotide sequence analysis of the 4.3 kbp bamhi-n fragment of the fowlpox virus (fpv) genome revealed that it encodes 7 proteins with homology to vaccinia virus (vv) e11l, e10r, o1l, o3l, i1l, i2l and i3l encoded proteins. no evidence of fpv homolog of vv o2l could be found. | 1998 | 9778782 |
| utilising a defective ibv rna for heterologous gene expression with potential prophylactic application. | based on the natural ability of coronaviruses to undergo homologous rna recombination, we are working to produce infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) recombinants using rna generated from recombinant fowlpox viruses (fpv). the aim is to replace the spike (s) gene of an existing ibv vaccine strain with the s gene of a heterologous strain. cd-61 is an ibv defective rna (d-rna) derived from a naturally occurring ibv d-rna (cd-91). cd-61 d-rna is being investigated as an rna vector for the expression o ... | 1998 | 9782345 |
| enhanced t-cell immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine regimen consisting of consecutive priming with dna and boosting with recombinant fowlpox virus. | the induction of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-specific t-cell responses is widely seen as critical to the development of effective immunity to hiv type 1 (hiv-1). plasmid dna and recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) vaccines are among the most promising safe hiv-1 vaccine candidates. however, the immunity induced by either vaccine alone may be insufficient to provide durable protection against hiv-1 infection. we evaluated a consecutive immunization strategy involving priming with dna and boos ... | 1998 | 9811759 |
| new approaches to the development of virus vaccines for veterinary use. | the marked progress in recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) technology during the past decade has led to the development of a variety of safe new vaccine vectors which are capable of efficiently expressing foreign immunogens. these have been based on a variety of virus types--poxviruses, herpesviruses and adenoviruses--and have led to the production of many new potential recombinant vaccines. of these recombinant vaccines, the rabies vaccine, in which the rabies g protein is expressed in a va ... | 1998 | 9850535 |
| the 131-amino-acid repeat region of the essential 39-kilodalton core protein of fowlpox virus fp9, equivalent to vaccinia virus a4l protein, is nonessential and highly immunogenic. | the immunodominant, 39,000-molecular weight core protein (39k protein) of fowlpox virus (fp9 strain), equivalent to the vaccinia virus a4l gene product, contains highly charged domains at each end of the protein and multiple copies of a 12-amino-acid serine-rich repeat sequence in the middle of the protein. similar repeats were also detected in other fowlpox virus strains, suggesting that they might confer a selective advantage to the virus. the molloscum contagiosum virus homolog (mc107l) also ... | 1998 | 9420213 |
| viruses have many ways to be unwelcome guests. | 1998 | 9565531 | |
| cytotoxic t lymphocyte response in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing marek's disease herpesvirus glycoprotein b. | previously, we demonstrated that cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) from mhc: b19b19 and mhc: b21b21 chickens inoculated with a non-oncogenic marek's disease virus (mdv) vaccine strain, sb-1/12 can lyse syngeneic reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev)-transformed cell lines expressing mdv pp38 or gb genes. in this study, we report the characterization of mdv gb-specific ctls in chickens immunized with recombinant fowlpox virus expressing mdv gb gene (rfpv-gb). spleen cells from rfpv-gb inoculated chicken ... | 1998 | 9618870 |
| potential use of cytokine therapy in poultry. | newly hatched chickens are highly susceptible to infection during the first 2 weeks of life. the utilisation of cytokines as therapeutic agents in livestock animals, in particular poultry, has become more feasible with the recent cloning of cytokine genes and the progression of new technologies such as live vectors. we have constructed a live recombinant fowlpox virus (fpv) that expresses chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (fp/cmgf). administration of fp/cmgf to chicks resulted in a marked and ... | 1998 | 9656454 |
| fowlpox virus encodes nonessential homologs of cellular alpha-snap, pc-1, and an orphan human homolog of a secreted nematode protein. | the genome of fowlpox virus (fwpv), type species of the avipoxviridae, is considerably rearranged compared with that of vaccinia virus (the prototypic poxvirus and type species of the orthopoxviridae) and is 30% larger. it is likely that the genome of fwpv contains genes in addition to those found in vaccinia virus, probably involved with its replication and survival in the chicken. a 7,470-bp segment of the fwpv genome has five open reading frames (orfs), two of which encode ankyrin repeat prot ... | 1998 | 9658122 |
| stringent allele/epitope requirements for mart-1/melan a immunodominance: implications for peptide-based immunotherapy. | the exclusiveness of the relationship between peptide and hla alleles, combined with their extensive polymorphism, emphasizes the need for immunization strategies based on endogenous processing of full length proteins (containing multiple epitopic determinants) for presentation to t cells. this could allow vaccination regardless of the patient's hla phenotype, assuming that individual molecules can be efficient t cell ags in association with various hla alleles. an endogenous system of ag presen ... | 1998 | 9670966 |
| [construction and identification of recombinant fowlpox virus for expressing haemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus strain f48e8]. | for the construction of transfer vector pfghn1175-1, the gene encoding haemagglutinin-neuraminidase(hn) glycoprotein of newcastle disease virus(ndv) strain f48e8 was removed from plasmid pgemhn, and inserted into the hindiii site of insertion vector pfg1175-1, downstream of p7.5 promotor. chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell cultures which had been infected with fowlpox virus (fpv) chinese vaccine strain 282e4 for 3-4 hours were transfected with pfghn1175-1 plasmid dna by liposomal transfection. ... | 1998 | 12549399 |
| field isolates of fowlpox virus contaminated with reticuloendotheliosis virus. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was used to examine samples from field cases of fowlpox for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). the s-strain fowlpox vaccine, known to be contaminated with rev, served as a positive control. fowlpox virus was grown from field samples and vaccines by inoculation of embryonated hen eggs by the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) route. dna was extracted from the cam lesions and examined for rev proviral sequences using primers specific for the l ... | 1998 | 18483965 |
| [cloning of glycoprotein b gene from strain rispens of marek's disease virus and construction of recombinant fowlpox virus]. | purified dnas from chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cultures infected with mdv strain rispens were used as templates. specific fragment with the size of about 2.9 kb was successfully amplified through polymerase chain reaction(pcr) and identified to be gb gene of mdv by dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled mdv gb specific oligonucleotide probe. the gb gene from strain rispens was cloned into puc19 and fpv insertion vector pfg1175-1 to construct plasmid pmgb and pfgbr1775-1 respectiv ... | 1999 | 12555423 |
| efficient rescue of infectious bursal disease virus from cloned cdna: evidence for involvement of the 3'-terminal sequence in genome replication. | to study the mechanism of replication of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), and to determine factors on the ibdv rna which are involved in viral replication, we used cloned full-length cdna of both the a- and b-segments to generate infectious ibdv. infectious ibdv was rescued from plasmids that contained full-length ibdv cdna behind a t7 promoter, by transfecting these plasmids into cells which were infected with a recombinant fowlpox virus that expressed t7 rna polymerase. by using the cdn ... | 1999 | 10600604 |
| [antiviral vaccines]. | vaccination has been successful in controlling numerous diseases in man and animals. smallpox has been eradicated and poliomyelitis is on the verge of being eradicated. the traditional immunization arsenal includes vaccines using live, attenuated, and inactivated organisms. dna recombinant technology has added two new types of vaccines, i.e. subunit vaccines based on purified antigens produced by genetic engineering in bacterial, yeast, or animal-cell cultures and live recombinant vaccines based ... | 1999 | 10901858 |
| prospects and limitations of recombinant poxviruses for prostate cancer immunotherapy. | prostate cancer is a disease that may be amenable to immunotherapy approaches, as evidenced by the ability to induce human cytotoxic immune responses against prostate cancer cells. recent interest in recombinant poxvirus vaccines coupled with the need for new prostate cancer therapies has led to the development of several recombinant poxvirus agents designed for prostate cancer treatment. whether these agents will be effective in treating prostate cancer is under investigation in several ongoing ... | 1999 | 11713762 |
| a recombinant fowlpox virus vaccine expressing glycoprotein b gene from cvi988/rispens strain of mdv: protection studies in different chickens. | recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv) was constructed to express glycoprotein b (gb) gene from cvi988/rispens strain of marek's disease virus (mdv). the rfpv-gb/r alone and in combination with herpesvirus of turkey (hvt) preparations were evaluated for their protective efficacy against challenge with very virulent mdv strains md5 and rb1b in different chickens. the rfpv-gb/r alone induced protection comparable to that by hvt vaccines in both ab- spf chickens and ab+ production chickens. significant p ... | 1999 | 10696446 |
| current and future recombinant viral vaccines for poultry. | the use of biotechnology to create recombinant viral vaccines holds many promises for the future. but, to be practical, new vaccines must have a selective advantage over traditional vaccines. a vaccine that is novel because it is a recombinant vaccine is not enough. recombinant vaccines must be safer, or more efficacious, or less expensive to produce in order for them to gain a niche in the marketplace. | 1999 | 9890039 |
| induction of humoral and cellular immune responses in mice by a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a recombinant fowlpox virus (rfpv/e2) expressing the e2 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was constructed and characterized. mice were immunized with recombinant virus and both humoral and cellular immune responses were studied. rfpv/e2 induced bvdv-specific antibodies which were detected by elisa. in addition, mouse sera were shown to neutralize bvdv. a cytokine elisa assay revealed that mice vaccinated with rfpv/e2 induced 7-fold more interferon-gamma than parental fowlpox virus. | 1999 | 10077834 |
| identification of the canarypox virus thymidine kinase gene and insertion of foreign genes. | we mapped the canarypox virus (capv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene within a 5.8-kbp xbai fragment of the genome by southern blotting using the fowlpox virus (fpv) tk gene as a probe. nucleotide sequence analysis of the fragment revealed seven open reading frames (orfs) showing gene organization similar to that of fpv. the tk gene contained in this region had an orf of 179 amino acids encoding a polypeptide with a putative molecular mass of 20.0 kda. an a/t-rich region and a transcription terminatio ... | 1999 | 10191193 |
| humoral and cellular immunity induced by antigens adjuvanted with colloidal iron hydroxide. | the immunopotentiating activities of colloidal iron hydroxide, a novel, experimental mineral adjuvant, and of aluminium hydroxide. the licensed adjuvant for human vaccines, were compared. our studies revealed that colloidal iron hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide behaved comparably with respect to supporting induction of an antibody response to tetanus toxoid. furthermore, mice immunized with both, the experimental vaccine (tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) antigen adsorbed to colloidal iron h ... | 1999 | 10195610 |
| comparative evaluation of cell culture-adapted and chicken embryo-adapted fowl pox vaccine strains. | two types of vaccines, chicken embryo adapted (vacce) and cell culture adapted (vaccc), were tested for their efficacy to elicite the immune response in birds vaccinated at 2 and 8 wk of age. the cell-mediated immune response studied by blastogenesis assay showed that birds vaccinated at the second week of age by both vacce and vaccc vaccines had significant increase in t-lymphocyte count at 21 days postvaccination (pv) and 7 days postchallenge (pc), whereas in birds vaccinated at 8 wk of age, a ... | 1999 | 10216755 |
| antibody detection-based differential elisa for ndv-infected or vaccinated chickens versus ndv hn-subunit vaccinated chickens. | with the advent of subunit vaccines for microbial diseases it is becoming increasingly important to be able to differentiate naturally infected animals from those vaccinated with the corresponding subunit vaccine. for avian viruses such as newcastle disease virus (ndv), a whole virus-based elisa cannot make such a differential diagnosis since in both cases the antisera would react with the whole virus. the nucleocapsid protein (np) gene of the ndv hitchner b1 strain was cloned, sequenced and exp ... | 1999 | 10227123 |
| neutralizing antibody-independent containment of immunodeficiency virus challenges by dna priming and recombinant pox virus booster immunizations. | eight different protocols were compared for their ability to raise protection against immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus macaques. the most promising containment of challenge infections was achieved by intradermal dna priming followed by recombinant fowl pox virus booster immunizations. this containment did not require neutralizing antibody and was active for a series of challenges ending with a highly virulent virus with a primary isolate envelope heterologous to the immunizing strain. | 1999 | 10229229 |
| rescue of newcastle disease virus from cloned cdna: evidence that cleavability of the fusion protein is a major determinant for virulence. | a full-length cdna clone of newcastle disease virus (ndv) vaccine strain lasota was assembled from subgenomic overlapping cdna fragments and cloned in a transcription plasmid between the t7 rna polymerase promoter and the autocatalytic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme. transfection of this plasmid into cells that were infected with a recombinant fowlpoxvirus that expressed t7 rna polymerase, resulted in the synthesis of antigenomic ndv rna. this rna was replicated and transcribed by the viral np, ... | 1999 | 10233962 |
| antigen gene transfer to cultured human dendritic cells using recombinant avipoxvirus vectors. | advances in understanding the role of dendritic cells (dcs) as the major antigen (ag)-presenting cell type of the immune system combined with the recent development of methods for the ex vivo expansion of human dcs have opened the possibility for the transfer of tumor ags to dcs with a view toward tumor immunotherapy. in this study, we examined the feasibility of ag transfer to cultured human dcs using the host range-restricted avipoxvirus, fowlpoxvirus (fwpv). fwpv was found to infect and expre ... | 1999 | 10359209 |
| protection of turkeys from hemorrhagic enteritis with a recombinant fowl poxvirus expressing the native hexon of hemorrhagic enteritis virus. | hemorrhagic enteritis (he) is an economically important disease of turkeys caused by a type ii aviadenovirus, hemorrhagic enteritis virus (hev). the vaccines currently available to the commercial poultry producer are highly effective in preventing disease outbreaks; however, they are immunosuppressive. a recombinant fowl poxvirus (rfpv) expressing the native hexon of hev has been shown to induce an anti-hev humoral immune response in turkeys. in this study, the rfpv expressing the native hexon o ... | 1999 | 10396636 |
| in ovo vaccination of specific-pathogen-free chickens with vaccines containing multiple agents. | we used in ovo technology to protect chickens against multiple diseases by inoculating vaccines containing mixtures of live viral agents. a single in ovo injection of a vaccine containing serotypes 1, 2, and 3 of marek's disease virus (mdv), a vaccine strain of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), and recombinant fowl pox vaccine with hn and f genes of newcastle disease virus (rfp-ndv) induced protection against virulent mdv, ibdv, newcastle disease virus, and fowl poxvirus. the mu ... | 1999 | 10396643 |
| use of recombinant viruses to deliver cytokines influencing the course of experimental bacterial infection. | the feasibility of using viral constructs expressing cytokine genes to influence the course of bacterial infection was tested in mice. the mice were first infected with vaccinia or fowlpox viruses expressing the cytokine of interest, then challenged with the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. the course of infection was assessed by subsequent bacterial counts. expression of ifn-gamma or tnf was protective. vaccinia virus was more efficient at delivering ifn-gamm ... | 1999 | 10457199 |
| dlad, a novel mammalian divalent cation-independent endonuclease with homology to dnase ii. | in this report, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of dlad, a novel mammalian deoxy-ribonuclease homologous to dnase ii. the full length cdna for mouse dlad has been cloned by polymerase chain reaction. the cdna contains a 1065 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding a 354 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 40 767. the predicted protein for dlad shares 34.4% identity with dnase ii. dlad is also homologous to three predicted proteins, c07b5.5, f09g8.2 and k04h ... | 1999 | 10497274 |
| embryo vaccination of turkeys against newcastle disease infection with recombinant fowlpox virus constructs containing interferons as adjuvants. | recombinant fowlpox viruses (rfpv) expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoproteins of newcastle disease virus (ndv) as well as chicken type i interferon (ifn) or type ii ifn were used to vaccinate specific pathogen-free (spf) turkeys in ovo. no significant changes in the hatchability, survival rate, performance and weight gain were observed after vaccination with the rfpv vaccines in comparison to diluent-inoculated embryos. the rfpv-ndv-ifn-ii construct induced the onset of ... | 1999 | 10519931 |
| interleukin-10 enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of a recombinant poxvirus-based vaccine in an experimental murine tumor model. | interleukin-10 (il-10) has a wide range of in vivo biological activities and is a key regulatory cytokine of immune-mediated inflammation. the authors found that murine il-10 given 12 hours after a recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) containing the lacz gene significantly enhanced the treatment of mice bearing 3-day-old pulmonary metastases expressing beta-galactosidase. because il-10 has been shown to inhibit the functions of key elements of both innate and acquired immune responses, the authors h ... | 1999 | 10570747 |
| genetic vaccination strategies for enhanced cellular, humoral and mucosal immunity. | in this article, we describe several novel genetic vaccination strategies designed to facilitate the development of different types of immune responses. these include: i) the consecutive use of dna and fowlpoxvirus vectors in "prime-boost" strategies which induce greatly enhanced and sustained levels of both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity, including mucosal responses; ii) the co-expression of genes encoding cytokines and cell-surface receptors, and the use of immunogenic carrier mol ... | 1999 | 10582164 |
| protection against diverse highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses in chickens immunized with a recombinant fowlpox vaccine containing an h5 avian influenza hemagglutinin gene insert. | a recombinant fowlpox vaccine with an h5 hemagglutinin gene insert protected chickens against clinical signs and death following challenge by nine different highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza viruses. the challenge viruses had 87.3 to 100% deduced hemagglutinin amino acid sequence similarity with the recombinant vaccine, and represented diversely geographic and spatial backgrounds; i.e. isolated from four different continents over a 38 year period. the recombinant vaccine reduced detectable in ... | 2000 | 10590330 |
| performance of an rt-nested pcr elisa for detection of newcastle disease virus. | a sensitive and specific rt-nested pcr coupled with an elisa detection system for detecting newcastle disease virus is described. two nested pairs of primer which were highly specific to all the three different pathotypes of ndv were designed from the consensus fusion gene sequence. no cross-reactions with other avian infectious agents such as infectious bronchitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, influenza virus, and fowl pox virus were observed. based on agarose electrophoresis detectio ... | 2000 | 10713378 |
| a recombinant avipoxvirus hiv-1 vaccine expressing interferon-gamma is safe and immunogenic in macaques. | complex recombinant fowlpoxvirus (rfpv) vaccines expressing both hiv-1 antigens and type 1 cytokines could facilitate the induction of cellular immunity against hiv-1. a single rfpv expressing both hiv-1gag/pol and human interferon-gamma (fpvgag/pol-ifngamma) was constructed and assessed as a therapeutic vaccine for safety and immunogenicity in macaques (macaca nemestrina) previously infected with hiv-1. fpv gag/pol-ifngamma vaccinations were safe and enhanced t cell proliferative responses to g ... | 2000 | 10717345 |
| the genome of fowlpox virus. | here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a pathogenic fowlpox virus (fpv). the 288-kbp fpv genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 9.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 260 open reading frames, of which 101 exhibit similarity to genes of known function. comparison of the fpv genome with those of other chordopoxviruses (chpvs) revealed 65 conserved gene homologues, encoding proteins involved in transcription and mrna biogenesis, nucleotide metabolis ... | 2000 | 10729156 |
| vaccinating chickens against avian influenza with fowlpox recombinants expressing the h7 haemagglutinin. | to evaluate the vaccine efficacy of a fowlpox virus recombinant expressing the h7 haemagglutinin of avian influenza virus in poultry. | 2000 | 10736685 |
| failure of a recombinant fowl poxvirus vaccine containing an avian influenza hemagglutinin gene to provide consistent protection against influenza in chickens preimmunized with a fowl pox vaccine. | vaccines against mildly pathogenic avian influenza (ai) have been used in turkeys within the united states as part of a comprehensive control strategy. recently, ai vaccines have been used in control programs against highly pathogenic (hp) ai of chickens in pakistan and mexico. a recombinant fowl pox-ai hemagglutinin subtype (h) 5 gene insert vaccine has been shown to protect specific-pathogen-free chickens from hp h5 ai virus (aiv) challenge and has been licensed by the usda for emergency use. ... | 2000 | 10737653 |
| dual-viral vector approach induced strong and long-lasting protective immunity against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | to induce strong protective immunity against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) in chickens, two viral vector systems, marek's disease and fowlpox viruses expressing the vvibdv host-protective antigen vp2 (rmdv, rfpv), were used. most of chickens vaccinated with the rfpv or rmdv alone, or vaccinated simultaneously with both at their hatch (rmdv-rfpv(1d)), were protected against developing clinical signs and mortality; however, only zero to 14% of the chickens were protected a ... | 2000 | 10753704 |
| vaccines protect chickens against h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza in the face of genetic changes in field viruses over multiple years. | inactivated whole avian influenza (ai) virus vaccines, baculovirus-derived ai haemagglutinin vaccine and recombinant fowlpoxvirus-ai haemagglutinin vaccine were tested for the ability to protect chickens against multiple highly pathogenic (hp) h5 ai viruses. the vaccine and challenge viruses, or their haemagglutinin protein components, were obtained from field ai viruses of diverse backgrounds and included strains obtained from four continents, six host species, and isolated over a 38-year-perio ... | 2000 | 10799788 |
| characterization of poxviruses from forest birds in hawaii. | two strains of avian pox viruses were isolated from cutaneous lesions in hawaiian crows (corvus hawaiiensis) examined in 1994 and a third from a biopsy obtained in 1992 from an infected bird of the apapane species (himatione sanguinea) by inoculation of the chorioallantoic membranes (cam) of developing chicken embryos. the resulting proliferative cam lesions contained eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of pox virus infection. the pathogenicity of these three viruses in dome ... | 2000 | 10813603 |
| identification and expression of a mycoplasma gallisepticum surface antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody capable of inhibiting both growth and metabolism. | in order to identify antigenic proteins of mycoplasma gallisepticum, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against virulent m. gallisepticum r strain were produced in mice. mab 35a6 was selected for its abilities to inhibit both growth and metabolism of m. gallisepticum in vitro. the mab recognized a membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 120 kda. the corresponding gene, designated the mgc3 gene, was cloned from an m. gallisepticum genomic dna expression library and sequenced. the mgc3 gene ... | 2000 | 10816462 |
| protection from ibdv-induced bursal damage by a recombinant fowlpox vaccine, fpibd1, is dependent on the titre of challenge virus and chicken genotype. | expression of the vp2 capsid protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in an vaccine strain of fowlpox has produced an experimental recombinant vaccine, fpibd1. successful vaccination with fpibd1 was dependent on the titre of challenge virus for high titres of challenge virus were able to overcome protection induced by fpibd1 whereas challenge with a low titre of virus did not. the genotype of chicken also has an important effect on the outcome of challenge possibly as a result of the ma ... | 2000 | 10869768 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against fowl poxvirus. | vaccines for the prevention of fowl pox in chickens and turkeys have been available for more than five decades. however, in recent years outbreaks have occurred in several previously vaccinated chicken flocks. presumably, fowl poxviruses (fpvs) antigenically different from the attenuated vaccine strains are responsible for such occurrences. in support of this concept, we previously detected minor antigenic changes in field isolates based on comparative immunoblotting with polyclonal anti-fpv ser ... | 2000 | 10879917 |
| dna priming and recombinant pox virus boosters for an aids vaccine. | eight different protocols for immunization have been compared for the ability to raise protection against immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus macaques. the most promising containment of challenge infections was achieved by intradermal dna priming followed by recombinant fowl pox virus booster immunizations. this containment did not require neutralizing antibody and was active for a series of challenges ending with a highly virulent virus with a primary isolate envelope heterologous to th ... | 2000 | 11713830 |
| recovery and characterization of a chimeric rinderpest virus with the glycoproteins of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus: homologous f and h proteins are required for virus viability. | rinderpest (rp) and peste-des-petits-ruminants (ppr) are two important diseases of domestic ruminants. to improve on currently available vaccines against ppr, we have created cdna copies of the rp virus genome in which either the fusion (f) or hemagglutinin (h) gene, or both, was replaced with the corresponding gene from ppr virus. it was necessary to develop a modified rescue system in which the t7 rna polymerase was provided by a recombinant fowlpox virus and the entire rescue procedure took p ... | 2000 | 10982348 |
| improved technique for transient expression and negative strand virus rescue using fowlpox t7 recombinant virus in mammalian cells. | the suitability of recombinant t7 polymerase produced using either the highly attenuated mva strain of vaccinia (mva-t7) or fowlpox virus (fp-t7) for transient expression and negative strand virus rescue was compared in two mammalian cell lines (mdbk and vero) and in primary cells of bovine, ovine and caprine origin. such primary cells are more permissive for the growth of wild type strains of morbilliviruses, such as rinderpest virus and peste des petits ruminants virus. mva-t7 was found to be ... | 2000 | 10996645 |
| dendritic cells infected with recombinant fowlpox virus vectors are potent and long-acting stimulators of transgene-specific class i restricted t lymphocyte activity. | the identification of dendritic cells (dc) as the major antigen-presenting cell type of the immune system, combined with the development of procedures for their ex vivo culture, has opened possibilities for tumour immunotherapy based on the transfer of recombinant tumour antigens to dc. it is anticipated that the most effective type of response would be the stimulation of specific, mhc class i restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes capable of recognising and destroying tumour cells. in order to make ... | 2000 | 11083477 |
| induction of hiv-1-specific t-helper responses and type 1 cytokine secretion following therapeutic vaccination of macaques with a recombinant fowlpoxvirus co-expressing interferon-gamma. | preventive and/or therapeutic vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) are urgently required. induction of cellular immunity is favoured since these responses correlate with control of hiv-1. recombinant fowlpoxvirus (fpv) vaccines encoding both hiv-1 gag/pol and interferon-gamma (fpv gag/pol-ifngamma) were hypothesised to enhance hiv-specific cellular immunity and were further evaluated in macaques previously infected with hiv-1. a novel assay to detect ifngamma secretion following ... | 2000 | 11085586 |
| utilizing fowlpox virus recombinants to generate defective rnas of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. | coronavirus defective rnas (d-rnas) have been used as rna vectors for the expression of heterologous genes and as vehicles for reverse genetics by modifying coronavirus genomes by targetted recombination. d-rnas based on the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) d-rna cd-61 have been rescued (replicated and packaged into virions) in a helper virus-dependent manner following electroporation of in vitro-generated t7 transcripts into ibv-infected cells. in order to increase the effici ... | 2000 | 11086116 |
| morphogenesis and release of fowlpox virus. | release of fowlpox virus (fwpv) as extracellular enveloped virus (eev) appears to proceed both by the budding of intracellular mature virus (imv) through the plasma membrane and by the fusion of intracellular enveloped virus (iev) with the plasma membrane. based on the frequency of budding events compared to wrapping events observed by electron microscopy, fwpv fp9 strain seems to exit chick embryo fibroblast cells predominantly by budding. in contrast to vaccinia virus (vv), the production of f ... | 2000 | 10675404 |
| detection and diagnosis of parapoxvirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | the genus parapoxvirus includes four members, bovine papular stomatitis virus (bpsv), pseudocowpox virus (pcpv), orf virus (orfv) and parapoxvirus of red deer in new zealand (pvnz). a set of primers for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was designed to detect viral dna from cells infected with each of the four parapoxviruses. the set of primers resulted in the amplification of appropriately sized products from cells infected with bpsv, pcpv, orfv and pvnz, respectively. the pcr method was applied ... | 2000 | 10680970 |