Publications

stabilization of bilateral sacroiliac fracture-luxations in small animals with a single transsacral screw.	bilateral sacroiliac fracture-luxations in four dogs and four cats weighing 3.5 kg to 30.9 kg were reduced and stabilized with a single 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm, or 6.5 mm transsacral screw. alignment of the drill bit was visual in six cases and assisted by the use of an aiming device in two cases. seven animals were reevaluated at months 3 to 6. no significant screw loosening or loss of reduction had occurred. although no intraoperative complications were encountered with visual drill bit alignment, use ...	1991	2042287
quantitative comparison of the histological effects of particulate polymethylmethacrylate versus polyethylene in the rabbit tibia.	fourteen mature female new zealand white rabbits underwent implantation of simplex polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) powder or particulate (average 67 microns) ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (uhmwpe) through a drill hole in the proximal right tibia. the left tibia functioned as a prepared but nonimplanted control. animals were killed after 16 weeks. histological examination of the bone-implant interface in the particulate pmma group disclosed a florid foreign-body reaction with the presence ...	1991	2059533
a method for rapid implantation of multielectrode systems.	the implantation of several chronic electrodes at the same time was needed for the studies in which both evoked slow potential and multiple unit neural activity of different brain sites were recorded during classical conditioning in freely moving cats. the recording electrodes were made of 25-75 microns insulated stainless steel or nichrome wires which were inserted into a thin hypodermic needle of a fixed, calibrated length. the fast implantation system described here is based on the use of a s ...	1991	2062914
heterotopic transfer of fresh and cryopreserved autogenous articular cartilage in the horse.	two 10 mm thick osteochondral grafts were harvested from the lateral aspect of the lateral trochlear ridge of the left talus in each of 10 anesthetized horses. the grafts were frozen in a 7.5% dmso solution and stored in liquid nitrogen. the horses were anesthetized again on day 14 and the thawed grafts were press-fitted into drill holes in the trochlear ridges of the right stifle. a fresh graft was transferred from the right hock to the left stifle. to control for the effects of surgery, anothe ...	1991	1369528
incorporation of fresh and cryopreserved bone in osteochondral autografts in the horse.	the structural integrity of subchondral bone in fresh and frozen osteochondral autografts was investigated at month 3 in 10 horses. two osteochondral autografts were harvested from the lateral aspect of the lateral trochlear ridge of the left talus in each of 10 anesthetized horses. grafts were frozen in 7.5% dmso. after 14 days, the thawed grafts were press-fitted into drill holes in the trochlear ridges of the right stifles. a fresh graft from the right hock was implanted in each left stifle. ...	1991	1369529
antiarrhythmic effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilat in a pig model of acute regional myocardial ischemia.	previous studies on the possible antiarrhythmic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) inhibitors during early ischemia in pigs have been inconclusive or negative; however, proof of adequate ace inhibition was not provided. perindoprilat, 0.06 mg/kg, i.v., was administered 30 min prior to ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery (cal) in anesthetised open-chest pigs. plasma ace activity was decreased by 95.0 +/- 1.9% when measured 5 min before cal. within 5 min of cal, the ven ...	1992	1381773
biomechanical effects of a new point configuration and a modified cross-sectional configuration in kirschner-wire fixation.	kirschner-type wires (k-wires) comprising three different point configurations and two cross-sectional shaft configurations were drilled into bone to determine the insertional force required and the holding power achieved with each type. round k-wires with either a diamond point or a high rake-angle trocar point were compared with each other and with c-wires, which have a rounded square cross section and a short diamond point. the k-wires performed superiorly to c-wires with respect to bone pene ...	1992	1395263
biomechanical comparisons of unidirectional and bidirectional kirschner-wire insertion.	peak axial loads on entry and peak pull-out loads were measured for kirschner-wires (k-wire) inserted into canine metacarpals. the wires were placed using a standard, unidirectional drill and using an oscillating, bidirectional drill that reversed spin direction every 120 degrees. seven trocar-tip wires were compared with seven diamond-tip wires using each drilling method. the trocar-tip wires demonstrated equal peak axial loads on entry when drilled at comparable speeds unidirectionally and bid ...	1992	1395308
heat distribution in bone during preparation of implant sites: heat analysis by real-time thermography.	the purpose of this experiment was to observe and measure the distribution of heat to bones and the maximum temperature that developed when cutting bone with drills. generation of heat that spread in the presence or absence of irrigation when drilling with imz, brånemark, and iti implant (f type) drills was observed in the pig rib via thermography. without irrigation, the condition of heat spread in each drill and bur differed according to bur shape and drilling site. maximum heat temperature wi ...	1992	1398838
holding power of cortical screws after power tapping and hand tapping.	paired equine third metacarpal bones were drilled and tapped for 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm cortical screws. tapping was done by hand or with an air-driven reversible orthopedic drill. screws were inserted and subjected to extraction forces to failure of the osseous threads or the screws. there was no difference in holding power of either screw size between hand-tapped and power-tapped holes.	1992	1413469
intraoperative evoked emg monitoring in an animal model. a new technique for evaluating pedicle screw placement.	an electric drill was used to introduce holes in the l4 through l7 pedicles in pigs. constant-voltage stimulating pulses (5.5 v, stimulus rate = 3/sec) were delivered through a ball-tipped probe used to palpate the walls of each pedicle, and observation was made of electromyogram (emg) evoked from hind limb muscles. screws were placed in each pedicle hole, and evaluated for absolute voltage necessary to evoke emg (threshold). at the conclusion of each experiment, screw positions were ascertained ...	1992	1440014
drill bit failure without implant involvement--an intraoperative complication in orthopaedic surgery.	the aetiology, frequency and consequences of drill bit failure during surgical intervention in human and animal bone tissue are investigated and discussed to provide the surgeon confronted with this problem with a scientifically based procedure. the literature on this subject is rather inadequate, i.e. only one publication in the last decade could be found dealing with this topic and this was a veterinary case. the laboratory for experimental surgery in davos has received several enquiries from ...	1992	1446952
the biomechanical efficacy of an oscillating k-wire driver.	a new oscillating drill, designed for insertional ease and safety, was biomechanically tested using an mts 812 servohydraulic material testing machine (instrom). holding strength and drilling force were compared against a traditional rotary drill using rabbit tibias to approximate the diameter and cortical thickness of human metacarpals. three differently sized (0.028-, 0.045-, and 0.062-in. diameter) k-wires were evaluated for each drill. mean peak axial load (drilling force) was significantly ...	1992	1466521
an arthroscopic biopsy procedure for obtaining osteochondral samples from the equine midcarpal joint.	an in vivo biopsy technique was developed to harvest cylindrical osteochondral core samples (2 mm diameter x 2 mm depth) from the articular surfaces of radial carpal bones in adult horses for use in osteoarthritis drug kinetic studies. a 25 degree arthroscope was introduced into the midcarpal joint through the dorsolateral surface, and a custom-built motorized core drill was introduced through the dorsomedial surface to create the osteochondral core samples. a total of 24 core samples were seque ...	1992	1472487
bone repair in the otic capsule of the rabbit.	the repair of 1 mm drill hole lesions in rabbit long bones and otic capsules was studied in undecalcified sections. following surgery, bone formation was monitored during 12 weeks by intravital sequential time labeling with bone-seeking fluorochromes. in diaphyseal bone, initial repair by trabecular woven bone was accompanied by a transient remodeling response in primary repair bone and the surrounding compacta. in comparison, capsular defects showed a slightly deficient initial repair by woven ...	1992	1481667
moderate heat treatment of bone allografts. experimental results of osteointegration.	the use of bone allografts is often essential in orthopedic surgery. strict donor screening, including hiv testing 3 months postoperatively, is mandatory before a transplant may be used. yet these measures do not definitely rule out the possibility of hiv transmission, as there is a window period before infection is revealed by blood testing. accordingly, there is a need for virus inactivation methods that can be used on bone allografts. as radiation treatment and chemical methods have a number ...	1992	1482613
[the effect of various sterilization procedures on the osteoinductive properties of demineralized bone matrix].	to minimize potential infection following the transplantation of allogeneic bone, extremely rigorous selection of donors and careful processing and storage of samples are required. other major problems related to allogeneic transplants, such as reduced osteogenic properties and immunological reactions, led to the development of demineralized bone matrix (dbm). this osteoinductive bone extract is largely free of antigens and is easy to produce. however, to eliminate the potential risk of infectio ...	1992	1502568
thermal response to multiple use of a twist drill.	the objective of the present investigation was to determine whether injurious thermal changes occur in the pulp chamber if a twist drill is used 10 times, and to find whether there is a correlation between temperature rise and distance between a drilled channel and the pulp chamber. twenty caries-free, human, premolar teeth were randomly distributed to two dentists. with a new 2 mm twist drill, each dentist prepared 10 pinholes (one hole per tooth). intrapulpal temperature change during the dril ...	1992	1507124
the effects of fat interposition for central-physeal defects. a histologic study in rabbits.	the effects of autogeneic fat interposition in a central cylindrical physeal defect were observed in rabbits. a 3.6-mm longitudinal drill hole was made across the physis of the distal femur, bilaterally, in four- to six-week-old new zealand rabbits. one side was filled with an autogeneic fat graft and the contralateral defect was left as a control. the rabbits were killed at intervals during the remaining growth period, and the defects were examined histologically. although fat grafts reduced th ...	1992	1516323
blood-containing aerosols generated by surgical techniques: a possible infectious hazard.	the aerosols generated in an operating room during surgery were simulated in the laboratory by using a variety of common surgical power tools. a stryker bone saw, a hall drill, and a shea drill were used on bone, and a bovie electrocautery was used in both the cutting and coagulation modes on tendon, all in the presence of a thin film of blood. a 10-stage, low-pressure cascade impactor was used to determine the particle size distribution of each aerosol, and hemastix was used to assess the hemog ...	1992	1529914
biodegradation of polydioxanone in bone tissue: effect on the epiphyseal plate in immature rabbits.	implants of polydioxanone (pds), 1.3 mm in diameter, were operatively fixed in the juxta-epiphyseal area of the right proximal tibial metaphysis in six rabbits and were driven into a drill hole of equal bore through the right proximal tibial epiphyseal plate in ten rabbits. the pds implants had biodegraded almost completely in cortical bone at 16 weeks without any significant sign of inflammation or foreign body reaction. the pds implants did not cause any growth disturbance. histologic studies, ...	1992	1552020
in vitro and in vivo evaluation of antibiotic diffusion from antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads.	the elution of antibiotics from antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) beads was measured in mongrel dogs. the antibiotics, used in mixture with simplex cement, included cefazolin (ancef; 4.5 g/40 g cement powder), ciprofloxacin (cipro; 6 g/40 g powder), clindamycin (cleocin; 6 g/40 g powder), ticarcillin (ticar; 12 g/40 g powder), tobramycin (nebcin; 9.8 g/40 g powder), and vancomycin (vancocin; 4 g/40 g powder). after a pneumatic drill was used to dredge a trough in the tibia, fi ...	1992	1563160
[proximal tubal recanalization by endoluminal laser probe. i. anatomic results in the female rat].	to evaluate the cicatrization of the uterine horn after the recanalization by endoluminal laser probe, 50 white female rats of wistar's race have been separated into two groups. the group 1 (nb = 10) had for aim to validated the procedure of obstruction. in group 2 (nb = 40), we performed the recanalization six weeks after the obstruction. histologic samples were obtained 48 hours, 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment. in group 1, we found a complete obstruction in 70% of the cases, and a tight s ...	1992	1583290
bone hole diameter as a function of drill guide length and drilling method in rigid internal fixation.	this study examines drill guide length and drilling method to see which technique produces the most accurate hole diameter. two hundred twenty-five holes were produced in fresh porcine mandibles and then measured with a micrometer. a long guide, a short guide, and no guide were used with a drill press, a pneumatic drill, and a manual drill. using a 2-mm drill bit, the overall average diameter was 2.03 mm and the overall range was 1.85 mm to 2.60 mm. statistical analysis of the data indicates the ...	1992	1593324
bone graft incorporation around titanium-alloy- and hydroxyapatite-coated implants in dogs.	to evaluate cancellous allogenic bone graft incorporation into porous-coated implants, the fixation of titanium alloy-(ti) and hydroxyapatite-(ha) coated implants with and without bone graft was compared. an unloaded model with unilateral carragheenin-induced osteopenia of the knee was used in 12 mature dogs. ti- and ha-coated cylinders were implanted in the distal femoral condyles and centralized in 2-mm overreamed drill holes. allogenic, fresh-frozen (-80 degrees) cancellous bone graft was pac ...	1992	1729014
mitochondrial dna phylogeny of the old-world monkey tribe papionini.	the evolution of the old world monkey tribe papionini, composed of macaques, baboons, mandrills, drills, and mangabeys, was examined using mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequence data on the cytochrome oxidase subunit ii gene. when analyzed cladistically, these data support a baboon clade of savannah (papio) plus gelada (theropithecus) baboons, as well as a clade containing drill (mandrillus) plus mangabey (cerocebus) genera. this result stands in opposition to most morphological phylogenies, which b ...	1992	1313138
[histological diagnosis of breast cancer by drill biopsy].		1992	206239
bone accretion around polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene implanted in the rabbit tibia.	this study examines the accretion rate of bone surrounding orthopaedic polymeric implants in different physical forms. forty mature, female, new zealand white rabbits were used in the study. bilateral 6mm drill holes were made in the anteromedial tibias, 1cm from the joint line. the right tibia received a polymeric implant and the left tibia functioned as a prepared but nonimplanted control. the animals were allocated as follows: group 1--bulk, preformed cooled polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) p ...	1993	10171629
community perception and role in prevention of guinea worm disease.	in kitgum district of northern uganda in 1992, natural group and focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to examine the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs of the people concerning guinea worm disease (gw disease) and its transmission, prevention, and treatment. most people could describe the cause and treatment of coo (local name of gw disease). more than 58% thought dirty or bad water was the main cause of coo. 63.2% believed that drinking contaminated wate ...	1993	7516675
a surgical technique for bilateral cochleotomy in the long-evans rat.	a bilateral cochleotomized surgical rat model, needed for a study involving microwave effects, was developed, standardized, and assessed for reproducibility. after a review of the literature concerning attempts and approaches with various species, a technique involving an approach through the external auditory canal was chosen and modified. using a stereomicroscope, a cutaneous incision in the intertragic notch was made and extended medially along the ventral aspect of the external auditory cana ...	1993	8292571
assessment in rats of a new bioerodible bone-wax-like polymer.	holes drilled in rats' skull, iliac crest, and tibia were filled with beeswax or with a new, wax-like, bioerodible polyorthoester (alzamer). empty drill-holes served as controls. in addition, beeswax and polyorthoester were deposited between the left and the right oblique abdominal muscles, respectively. in muscle, both the beeswax and polyorthoester elicited a transient foreign body reaction. the beeswax was not resorbed in bone or muscle, whereas the polyorthoester was. bone healing was inhibi ...	1993	8322594
[behavior of artificially-induced epiphyseal groove defects in rabbits. part 2. transplantation of autologous and homologous groove cartilage].	in this experimental study in rabbits we evaluated histologically the effect of reproducible drill holes through the distal femoral growth plate. we could demonstrate epi-metaphyseal bone-bridging as uniform reaction of the physeal cartilage in response to this traumatisation. the defects have been filled with autologous or homologous epiphyseal cartilage from distal ulnar growth plate. autologous transplants fulfilled the demand avoiding partial bony closure of the growth plate. homologous grow ...	1993	8333076
effect of ktp laser ablation of endochondral bone on bone healing.	the advantages of using a laser to cut a hole in the ossicular chain include increased precision, decreased likelihood of disarticulation, and elimination of noise-induced threshold shift associated with conventional drills. this study was designed to determine optimal energy settings and cooling technique to minimize tissue injury. laser ablated holes were cut in rabbit femurs with different endostat fibers at power settings of 1.6 to 5.0 watts. comparable burr holes were cut by a high-speed dr ...	1993	8372919
[an experimental study on injuries to the growth plate--effects on the growth of long bones following placement of smooth pins across the growth plate of immature rabbits].	displaced epiphyseal separation is difficult to reduce and fix. we usually pass a few kirschner wires from the epiphysis to the metaphysis to maintain the position of reduction. however there are various opinions about the effects of penetrating smooth pins, concerning whether it causes retarded bone growth. in this experimental study on immature rabbits, stainless steel pins 0.7, 1.2, 2.0, or 3.5 mm in diameter or a single crystal alumina ceramic pin 1.2 mm in diameter were driven into a drill ...	1993	8409636
neurosurgeon as innovator: william v. cone (1897-1959).	neurosurgeons are well known for being productive researchers and innovators. few, however, have possessed the prolific ingenuity of william cone. in 1934, he and william penfield were cofounders of the montreal neurological institute where, until 1959, he filled the twin roles of neurosurgeon-in-chief and neuropathologist. because he did not find writing easy, many of his technical inventions and refinements remained unpublished. his numerous innovations included the extensive use of twist-dril ...	1993	8410237
histological evaluation of free revascularized iliac crest bone after transplantation for mandibular reconstruction.	differing views on the nutritional status of revascularized bone in animal studies and in human transfer have been expressed. normal viability is reported as well as single cell necrosis and devitalized areas and, finally, necrosis of the complete graft. from 19 patients with revascularized bone transfer into injured recipient tissues, we obtained 32 drill biopsies out of the centre of the graft and near the mandibular stump during the removal of the osteosynthesis plates. the histological prepa ...	1993	8412638
torque and pullout analysis of six currently available self-tapping and "emergency" screws.	insertional torque (it), stripping torque (st), and uniaxial pullout tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of six screw systems (wurzburg, techmedica, synthes, timesh, steinhouser, luhr) in thin porcine rib. the timesh 2.2-mm self-tapping screw produced the largest insertional and stripping torque of all systems tested as well as the largest difference between the insertional and stripping torque. the timesh emergency screw also had the largest insertional and stripping torque as we ...	1993	8419573
effects of drill cooling and bone structure on imz implant fixation.	alternating use of the original method of internal drill cooling with manual external cooling, one imz implant was placed in the diaphysis (compact bone) and metaphysis (spongy bone) of the left distal tibia in each of six sheep. after polyfluorochrome sequential labeling, two animals survived for 4, 8, and 16 weeks without functional loading of the implants. the drill holes and bone-implant reactions were evaluated in undecalcified ground sections and microradiographs, using computer-aided hist ...	1993	8468088
evaluation of finite element analysis for prediction of the strength reduction due to metastatic lesions in the femoral neck.	between 30 and 70% of almost one million new cancer patients diagnosed each year will develop osseous metastases. clinicians are faced with the difficult task of determining which patients require prophylactic stabilization to prevent pathologic fracture. the objective of this study was to test the ability of macroscopic finite element models to predict the fracture strength of the proximal femur with a lesion in the femoral neck. drill hole defects in human cadaver femora were used to simulate ...	1993	8468338
cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage.	the origin and differentiation of cells in the repair of three-millimeter-diameter, cylindrical, full-thickness drilled defects of articular cartilage were studied histologically in new zealand white rabbits. the animals were allowed to move freely after the operation. three hundred and sixty-four individual defects from 122 animals were examined as long as forty-eight weeks postoperatively. in the first few days, fibrinous arcades were established across the defect, from surface edge to surface ...	1993	8478382
use of the holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet (ho:yag) laser for cranial nerve decompression: an in vivo study using the rabbit model.	a study was designed to evaluate the utility and safety of the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (ho:yag) laser for precise bony decompression of neural canals. in vivo rabbit studies were performed to measure temperature changes and nerve degeneration which occurred when the facial canal was decompressed with the laser as compared to the diamond burr. marked temperature elevations were noted with the laser (n = 4), but not with the burr (n = 4). seven of nine nerves decompressed with the laser re ...	1993	8502097
metallic postoperative artifacts on cervical mr.	spectroscopy of cervical diskectomy specimens obtained from sheep demonstrated that metallic susceptibility artifacts are produced by microscopic amounts of nickel, copper, and zinc. sufficient quantities of metals to produce artifacts are deposited only by contact of metal drill bits and suction tips. if these instruments do not come in contact during surgery, susceptibility artifacts are not observed.	1993	8517368
[initial stability of an implanted cement-canal prosthesis. results in experimental studies on human cadaver femurs].	upon implantation of a cement-canal prosthesis in the proximal femur in total hip replacement, the bone cement is injected through the prosthesis via a system of drill holes. a second system of drill holes is used in this endoprosthesis to drain the distal femoral space as well as the cavities within the cement layer which form when the cement is being injected. since the cement pressure is sustained until the cement has cured, substantial penetration of the cement into the cancellous bone can b ...	1993	8212817
histological reaction to titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite particles in the rabbit tibia.	the interfacial membrane harvested from failed joint replacements contains particulate debris from the materials used for the implant. to define the tissue response to particulate titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite (ha) alone, 16 mature new zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 8 rabbits. using sterile technique, a drill hole was placed anteromedially in the tibia, 1 cm distal to the knee joint bilaterally. the marrow was scooped out and 0.25 mg of either titanium alloy particles or ...	1993	8218720
immunobiology of acinetobacter baumannii and genospecies 3.	five representative, taxonomically and serologically defined clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii and genospecies 3, and a. baumannii strain atcc 19606 were examined for immunogenicity in rabbits following experimental bacteremia. all rabbits seroconverted as determined with the aid of the tube o-agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedures. immunoblots detected over twenty immunogenic, proteinase-k-degradable polypeptide antigens in ...	1993	8219496
the holding strength of cannulated screws compared with solid core screws in cortical and cancellous bone.	the comparative holding strength of cannulated screws (cs) versus solid core screws (scs) has not been reported, although differences exist in the respective diameters of their outer thread and pilot drill holes. our objectives were to characterize these differences and determine the holding power of cs compared with scs in cortical and cancellous bone. the dimensions of the synthes (paoli, pa) 3.5-mm scs, 3.5-mm cs, 6.5-mm scs, and 7.0-mm cs were measured, and the cross-sectional area for threa ...	1993	8229382
effect of otologic drill noise on abr thresholds in a guinea pig model.	the noise generated by the otologic drill has been implicated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss after ear surgery. however, clinical studies on this subject are contradictory and difficult to interpret. therefore a guinea pig model was used to study whether the level of noise generated by the otologic drill can cause threshold shifts in the auditory brainstem response (abr). the source noise was a recording obtained during a human cadaver mastoidectomy using a microphone and an accelerome ...	1993	8233501
tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. a biomechanical and histological study in the dog.	our study evaluated tendon-to-bone healing in a dog model. twenty adult mongrel dogs had a transplantation of the long digital extensor tendon into a 4.8-millimeter drill-hole in the proximal tibial metaphysis. four dogs were killed at each of five time-periods (two, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-six weeks after the transplantation), and the histological and biomechanical characteristics of the tendon-bone interface were evaluated. serial histological analysis revealed progressive reestablishm ...	1993	8258550
streaming potentials in healing, remodeling, and intact cortical bone.	electrical fields have been implicated in accelerated bone healing and as a transduction mechanism for mechanically driven bone remodeling. applied mechanical or electrical stimulation of bone remodeling suggests that this depends on the magnitude, frequency, and duration of the stimulus. the magnitude of endogenous electrical fields, manifest by streaming potentials (sps) across canine cortical bone, were measured as a function of bending frequency in vivo and then in vitro at healing drill hol ...	1993	8266824
[measuring intraosseous pressure of the patella: theoretical principles--animal experiment studies. part i].	there are few reports in the literature about measurement of intraosseous venous pressure in bone. necrosis of the femoral head was found to be related to higher intraosseous venous pressure. values varied widely. pain is thought to result when an individual critical intraosseous venous pressure is exceeded. from june 1986 to may 1987, 16 full-grown male rabbits were tested at the histological laboratory at the university of innsbruck. the purpose of the study was to assess the intraosseous veno ...	1993	7687075
the microbiology of drill mud cuttings from a new off-shore oilfield in nigeria.	drilling-fluid-utilising microorganisms present in drill mud cuttings collected from the agbara oilfield were isolated on mineral salts agar plates. thirty-two isolates were obtained, 26 of which were gram-positive bacteria and six fungi. the isolates were identified as bacillus sp. (10), staphylococcus sp. (12), micrococcus sp. (2), corynebacterium sp. (1), nocardia sp. (1), and penicillium sp. (6). screen tests indicated that 27 (84.4%) of the isolates did not grow with any of the drilling flu ...	1993	15091784
in vitro comparison of the effect of parallel and divergent transfixation pins on breaking strength of equine third metacarpal bones.	breaking strength (torque at failure) of equine third metacarpal bones, with transfixation pins placed parallel in the frontal plane and 30 degrees divergent from the frontal plane, was determined in vitro. two transfixation pins were placed through the distal metaphysis, using a jig designed to drill the holes in the assigned configuration. paired metacarpal bones ii through iv from 12 horses were tested in torsion. the torsional moment of the force applied through the transfixation pins at fai ...	1994	7802403
delayed appendicitis from an ingested foreign body.	an unusual case of acute appendicitis induced by a metal drill bit that was ingested by a 27-year-old man 3 years before presentation is reported. this foreign body lodged in the patient's appendix and developed a fecalith coating. when this fecalith coating enlarged enough to obstruct the appendiceal lumen, the patient presented with classic acute appendicitis. foreign body-induced appendicitis is reviewed.	1994	8285974
technique for producing controlled closed fractures in a rabbit model.	we describe a new technique to produce a closed fracture of the rabbit tibia with reproducible location and shape of the fracture. the hindlimb of a new zealand white rabbit was enclosed in a bivalved cast, a 1.5 mm diameter hole was drilled through the lateral tibial cortex, and the tibia was fractured by loading in three-point bending in an arbor press. the cast protected the soft tissues from being crushed while it concentrated the bending moment at the intended fracture site. the cortical ho ...	1994	7931790
mandibular lengthening by external distraction: an experimental study in the rabbit.	to observe the development of bone at different times during the period of mandibular lengthening by external distraction using ilizarov's transosseous osteosynthesis technique.	1994	7965313
biomechanical properties of small bone screws.	to evaluate systematically the biomechanical properties of 13 popular screw designs, ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 mm in diameter.	1994	7965333
quantitative proton spectroscopy of canine brain: in vivo and in vitro correlations.	quantitative, single-voxel proton nmr spectroscopy of normal brain was performed in five adult beagle dogs using the cerebral water signal as an internal intensity reference. the same brain regions were then rapidly isolated and frozen using a pneumatic biopsy drill, perchloric acid extracted, and analyzed by biochemical assay and high-resolution nmr spectroscopy. the concentrations of the major resonances in the in vivo and in vitro spectra were compared, and good agreement was found between th ...	1994	7968436
the microtrephine. a new diagnostic tool for obtaining corneal biopsies.	we have developed a new tool for obtaining biopsies of the cornea in a manner which is less traumatic than former biopsy techniques. the new instrument consists of a drill with an aperture of 160 microns which functions as a trephine and is powered at 30,000 rpm. the instrument contains a 120 microns mandrel to remove the samples. in order to monitor electrolyte contents in alkali burnt corneas, 32 rabbit eyes underwent an alkali burn of one cornea (1 n naoh for 30 sec) followed by a sequence of ...	1994	7976274
correlations between screw hole preparation, torque of insertion, and pullout strength for spinal screws.	the bone-screw interface is critical in the use of spinal instrumentation. the purpose of these experiments described here was twofold. first, to determine whether a correlation existed between torque generated during screw insertion and the pullout strength. second, to determine how differing surgical methods of screw hole preparation influenced torque of insertion and screw pullout strength. a series of experiments were carried out in which screws were inserted into synthetic bone (experiment ...	1994	8003831
technique for placement of chronic third cerebroventricular cannula in female goats (capra hircus).	a practical method for chronic catheterization of the third cerebroventricular space in goats was developed by using a stereotaxic device. in female goats of various ages and weights, a stereotaxically mounted drill was positioned at an angle of 11.5 degrees with the tip of the drill bit located at a skull reference point 2 to 3 mm rostral to the posterior border of bregma (intersection of the coronal with the sagittal sutures). the hole that was drilled served as the guide for a tight-fitting c ...	1994	8007662
psychopathology in war-zone deployed and nondeployed operation desert storm troops assigned graves registration duties.	early psychopathology outcomes were compared in troops mobilized for persian gulf graves registration duty but differentiated by war-zone deployment. constructs of interest were axis i psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd), negative affect states, and somatic complaints. psychometric instruments, including the structured clinical interview for dsm-iii-r, were administered to troops attending drill exercises. although similar in personal characteristics and repo ...	1994	8040508
distraction osteogenesis. a comparison of corticotomy techniques.	the left hindlimbs of 15 adult mongrel dogs were lengthened using the ilizarov external fixator. five dogs were assigned to each of three separate groups: (i) corticotomy; (ii) osteotomy with multiple drill holes and an osteotome; (iii) osteotomy with an oscillating saw. distraction began on postoperative day seven and continued at a rate of 0.25 mm every six hours for 26 days. the regenerate segments were evaluated with weekly radiographs and dual energy photon x-ray (depx) beginning at day sev ...	1994	8156672
[histologic studies of replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with pds-augmented patellar tendon transplants].	the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is currently the best substitute for the anterior cruciate ligament (acl). to improve the results we compared a modified jones procedure with an additional pds augmentation. in 25 sheep the acl was reconstructed in the left knee after total resection. the only resection of the acl was done in all right knees. one year postoperative 21 sheep remained in the experiment and came to evaluation. there were 10 modified jones procedures and 11 pds augmentations. in b ...	1994	8178182
growth-plate modifications after drilling.	thirty 5-week-old male rats were used to discern the local modifications of the growth plate after drilling. a 1-mm wide drill hole was made on the right femur from the intercondylar notch to the diaphysis crossing the growth plate, with the left femur acting as a sham-operated control. animals were killed in four five-unit groups at 1, 2, 8, and 16 weeks, respectively, after the surgical procedure. soft tissues were removed and bone length measured. distal growth plates of both femora were hist ...	1994	8188839
the cement-canal prosthesis. a new cementation technique studied in cadaver femora.	this report presents the cement-canal prosthesis. acrylic cement is injected through the prosthesis by means of an integrated drill hole system. a second canal system within the prosthesis allows suction from the cavities, which could form in the mantle during cement injection. in an experimental study using 36 human cadaveric femora, 3 cement implantation pressures (0.5 bar, 1.0 bar and 1.5 bar) were used. a conventional cementing technique served as a control. compared to the controls, a deepe ...	1994	8197865
glassy carbon implant as a bone graft substitute: an experimental study on rabbits.	the purpose of this experimental investigation was to study the incorporation of porous glassy carbon in bone. cylinders of porous glassy carbon were implanted in drill holes in diaphyses and metaphyses of rabbits tibia for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. bone ingrowth into the glassy carbon implants was examined by radiographic, histologic, fluorocrome and microradiographic methods. the material caused no pathological reaction. tissue ingrowth into pores was seen by all examination methods. the amoun ...	1994	10172277
early effects of the self-reinforced pga implant on a growing bone: an experimental study on growing rats.	the purpose of the study was to investigate the immediate/early effects of a bioabsorbable implant on a growing bone and monitor the strength retention. fifty-eight rats were used as experimental animals. in 29 animals a 1.1 mm self-reinforced (sr-pga) polyglycolic acid implant was placed through a transphyseal drill channel up to the diaphysis of the femur. in another 29 rats similar implants were placed in both femora and in the dorsal subcutis. after a follow-up time of 1-28 days a histologic ...	1994	10172488
[spontaneous intracerebral hematomas].	within a period of five years, the authors observed 31 patients with spontaneous non-traumatic intracerebral haemorrhages. seventeen of them were hypertensive patients. in four cases, tumour haemorrhages were found, especially in glioblastomas. in two cases, the basic disease was haemophilia and in another two cases cerebral aneurysms were found. there was one case of haemorrhagic encephalitis and one patient was being treated with anticoagulants. eight patients died within ten days after the op ...	1994	205065
eliminating effects of an air purifier on infectants during dental procedure.	blood and drill dust from dental plaque microorganisms, teeth, and filling materials can cause environmental pollution in the dental clinic. currently, as a preventive measure against air pollution from a patient's mouth during dental treatment, dust-collecting aspirators such as an extra-oral vacuum aspirator (eova) are coming into general use. we tested the eliminating effects by the eova with the plaque solution aerosol and the aerosol from drilling a tooth by examining the distribution of fl ...	1995	8689739
measurements of shaft speed while drilling through bone.	this study investigated the effect of force on drill speed and measured the energy consumed during the drilling process.	1995	7562196
the effect of drilling and soft tissue grafting across open growth plates. a histologic study.	we examined the ability of a soft tissue graft to inhibit the formation of a bony bridge within tunnels drilled across open femoral and tibial growth plates in a canine model. a fascia lata autograft was placed in tunnels drilled across the distal femoral and proximal tibial physes in four skeletally immature dogs. four additional dogs had a similar procedure performed, but the drill holes were left empty. the growth plates were evaluated at either 2 weeks or 4 months postoperatively using high- ...	1995	7573652
microdissection of mouse and human zona pellucida using a 1.48-microns diode laser beam: efficacy and safety of the procedure.	to investigate the efficacy and safety of a small and affordable 1.48-microns continuous wave diode laser for zona pellucida (zp) microdissection.	1995	7641917
introduction of an intraoral bone-lengthening device.	it has been demonstrated that distraction osteogenesis is an effective clinical tool with applications for the entire human skeleton. therapeutic exploitation in the correction of the asymmetrical and hypoplastic mandible has been reported previously. however, the main criticism of this technique has been the residual cutaneous scars resulting from the surgical incision and the path of the expansion device. in order to obviate the need for skin incisions, we have developed and demonstrated the f ...	1995	7652076
sterilization of partially demineralized bone matrix: the effects of different sterilization techniques on osteogenetic properties.	transplantation of allogenic bone requires the thorough examination of donors as well as the careful processing and storage of samples in order to minimize potential infection. other problems associated with allogenic transplants such as low osteoinductive properties and immunological reactions led to the development of partially demineralized bone matrix (pdbm). this highly osteogenic bone extract is largely free of antigens and easy to produce. however, in order to exclude the potential risk o ...	1995	7475009
osteonal structure better predicts tensile strength of healing bone than volume fraction.	refractures and secondary fractures occur after removal of internal fixation devices even when the x-rays show well-mineralized bony unions. this indicates the unreliability of bone density as the only parameter to estimate the strength of healing bone. the aim of this study was to show that the strength of healing bone is more influenced by microstructural parameters than by bone density. a drill hole defect in the sheep tibia was used to investigate bone healing under stable conditions. after ...	1995	8522550
evaluating chemical inactivation of viral agents in handpiece splatter.	the water spray used with a modern high-speed dental drill is a significant vehicle for dispersion of infectious agents into the environment, putting patients and the dental staff at risk of infection. this study examines whether disinfectants added to the handpiece water supply could inactivate viral contaminants in splatter. results supporting use of ethanol or sodium hypochlorite are presented.	1995	7860888
prevention of fracture at the distal locking site of the gamma nail. a biomechanical study.	to investigate the origin of fractures at the distal locking site of the gamma nail, we loaded ten paired human cadaver femora fixed with a gamma nail in torsion until they fractured. when an awl was hammered in to start the hole for distal locking a fissure appeared in the lateral cortex of all the femora, and the mean torsional load to create a fracture was reduced by 57.8% compared with that in a control group in which the distal locking hole had been started with a centre drill. when an addi ...	1995	7706346
[the characteristics of the development of caries in human dental fissures based on microhardness data. its diagnosis, treatment and prevention].	hygienic status of the teeth was assessed after fyodorov-volodkina and green-vermillion in 500 patients aged 26 to 68 consulted for caries, chronic and acute periodontitis. a good hygienic status of the teeth was observed in 70 subjects: the fyodorov-volodkina hygienic index was 1, the green-vermillion index o. the fyodorov-volodkina index from 1,7 to 5 in 430 patients, depending on the hygienic habits. patients whose hygienic index was still unsatisfactory despite special training, were subject ...	1995	7770892
effects of inotropic stimulation on energy metabolism and systolic function of ischemic right ventricle.	this study determined whether dobutamine enhances regional systolic function in the ischemic right ventricle (rv) at the cost of adverse effects on regional energy metabolism. seventeen alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest pigs were studied under four conditions: 1) control; 2) dobutamine infusion (mean dose 9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1); 3) rv ischemia (45 +/- 5% reduction in rv free wall blood flow for 100 min); and 4) continued ischemia with dobutamine. regional rv free wall high-energy phosp ...	1995	7771533
use of facilitated ankylosis in the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: 12 cases (1987-1992).	medical records were reviewed for 12 cattle with septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint that were treated by use of facilitated ankylosis. information on signalment, clinical signs, digit affected, radiographic findings, and type and duration of treatment were compiled. owners were contacted for information about the convalescent period, reasons for culling, productivity, and outcome. outcome was classified as successful or unsuccessful on the basis of lameness, growth pattern, and ...	1995	7790310
microfossils from the neoarchean campbell group, griqualand west sequence of the transvaal supergroup, and their paleoenvironmental and evolutionary implications.	the oldest filament- and colonial coccoid-containing microbial fossil assemblage now known is described here from drill core samples of stromatolitic cherty limestones of the neoarchean, approximately 2600-ma-old campbell group (ghaap plateau dolomite, lime acres member) obtained at lime acres, northern cape province, south africa. the assemblage is biologically diverse, including entophysalidacean (eoentophysalis sp.), probable chroococcacean (unnamed colonial coccoids), and oscillatoriacean cy ...	1995	11542814
scientists isolate key sperm protein; finding could lead to birth control drug.	researchers have isolated zona receptor kinase (zrk) as the sperm protein which makes conception possible. zrk is carried on the head of each sperm cell. when sperm come into contact with the hard shell of the human egg, the zrk molecule signals the sperm to release enzymes from its interior which drill through the egg covering, allowing the sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg. sperm cells must penetrate the egg shell in order for fertilization to occur. defeating the action of zrk woul ...	1995	12289891
nasal reconstruction using an osteoconductive collagen gel matrix.	congenital malformations, granulomatous diseases, and trauma can all cause destruction of the nasal structural framework, resulting in functional nasal obstruction and altered facial cosmesis. current methods of nasal reconstruction include cartilaginous and bony grafts, silastic implants, and homograft only materials. however, these techniques have significant functional and cosmetic drawbacks and are not risk free. native, isotonic, neutral-ph, space-filling type i collagen gels have been show ...	1996	8554744
evaluation of cortical bone damage and axial holding power of nonthreaded and enhanced threaded pins placed with and without drilling of a pilot hole in femurs from canine cadavers.	to evaluate the in vitro axial extraction forces necessary to remove pins and to evaluate mechanical trauma resulting from pin insertion, using various types of pins and insertion techniques.	1996	8617646
the scala vestibuli for cochlear implantation. an anatomic study.	traditionally, cochlear implantation has used the scala tympani (st) for electrode insertion. when faced with st ossification, the surgeon may elect to drill out the cochlea to accomplish partial electrode insertion. theoretically, another option in this situation is to insert the electrode into the scala vestibuli (sv).	1996	8630205
orthopaedic bone drills-can they be improved? temperature changes near the drilling face.	we studied the various drill bits available for engineering purposes, and compared them with standard orthopaedic drill bits, using continuous temperature recording at 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm from the edge of a 2.5 mm hole as it was drilled in fresh cadaver human tibia. we found that some commercially available drill bits performed better than their orthopaedic equivalents, producing significantly less thermal injury to the surrounding bone and halving the force required for cortical penetrati ...	1996	8636166
comparative animal study of three ligament prostheses for the replacement of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament.	three different ligament prostheses (leeds-keio, gore-tex and a prototype of aramid) were implanted in sheep knee joints replacing the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament. after 1 yr the knees were explanted and their biomechanical properties were assessed by a drawer test and tensile tests of the implants. additionally the ligament replacements, the synovial membrane and the lymph nodes were inspected histologically. for each type of prosthesis partial or total rupture ...	1996	8736731
temperature changes in bovine mandibular bone during implant site preparation: an assessment using infra-red thermography.	changes in bone temperature during the sequence of drilling for implant site preparation using the branemark technique were monitored using infra-red thermography.	1996	8783531
the effect of speed, pressure, and time on bone temperature during the drilling of implant sites.	it is critical for the success of endosseous root-form implants that minimal heat is generated in the bone during the drilling of the implant sites. one aspect that has received little emphasis in the literature is the effect of the load placed on the drill during preparation of osteotomies. temperatures and time were measured while drilling bovine cortical bone at speeds of 1,800 and 2,400 rpm and loads of 1.2 and 2.4 kg. drilling at a low speed of 1,800 rpm and at a minimal load of 1.2 kg prod ...	1996	8820120
use of the er:yag laser for improved plating in maxillofacial surgery: comparison of bone healing in laser and drill osteotomies.	surgical reconstruction of bony defects in the maxillofacial region involves fixation of bony fragments with mini and micro plates. bone stabilization during hole drilling is often challenging due to the need to apply pressure when using a conventional mechanical hall drill. in addition, fragmentation of the fragile bones may occur and complicate the reconstruction. the pulsed er:yag laser offers an attractive alternative drilling modality because it does not require physical contact with the bo ...	1996	8836995
suture anchor strength revisited.	the rapid proliferation of suture anchors continues. our prior report on the pullout strength of 14 different anchors is supplemented by a similar test conducted on 8 additional anchors. comparative data on modes of failure and failure strengths (ultimate loads to failure) for these new devices are compared statistically with the previously tested anchors. in a fresh never-frozen porcine femur model, 10 samples of each of the additional anchors tested were threaded with stainless steel sutures a ...	1996	8838726
the spinal nail: a new implant for short-segment anterior instrumentation of the thoracolumbar spine.	the biomechanics of a new spinal implant were evaluated and its dependence on an anterior strut graft was determined. six fresh-frozen adult porcine spines were used. an l3 corpectomy was created. the spinal nail was inserted intraosseously into the middle column of the l2-l4 vertebral bodies in a trough. implant drill holes were made for proximal and distal locking bolts in l2 and l4. a locking plate bridged the l2 and l4 trough and anchored the exposed ends of the locking bolts. testing was pe ...	1996	8877956
transorbital approach to the porcine pituitary.	a transorbital approach to the pituitary gland is described in domestic swine weighing between 40 and 70 kg. a transpalpebral eye exenteration is performed and the optic canal is enlarged caudally, using a bone drill. an operating microscope is used to improve visualization of the surgical site as the pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary are exposed to the level of the optic chiasm. this approach exposes the pituitary sufficiently to perform either a hypophyseal stalk transection or a hypophys ...	1996	8887068
histomorphological reaction of bone to different concentrations of phagocytosable particles of high-density polyethylene and ti-6al-4v alloy in vivo.	wear debris has been implicated in the pathogenesis of loosening and osteolysis of total joint replacements by stimulating a foreign body and chronic inflammatory reaction capable of bone resorption. whether increasing concentrations of wear particles have an adverse biological effect on bone has not been elucidated. we performed a histomorphological and semi-quantitative morphometric analysis of the reaction of bone to different concentrations of phagocytosable particles of high-density polyeth ...	1996	8894085
the effect of irrigation on osteotomy depth and bur diameter.	a device to measure bur temperature using thermocouple technology was developed. a block of bovine bone was subjected to computerized tomography scanning to confirm bone density and configuration similar to that of a human mandible. bone temperature was measured via a thermocouple probe. during osteotomy preparation, bur temperature was shown to exceed the surrounding bone temperature. irrigation greatly reduced bur temperature. osteotomies were made to depths of 8.5, 10.5, 13.5, 15.5, 18.5, and ...	1996	8908862
effect of drill speed on bone temperature.	measurements of bone temperature rise were recorded during drilling of bovine cortical bone specimens. a surgical drill (stryker-100) was fitted with a custom-designed speedometer for monitoring the rotational speed during the drilling, and the drill was mounted on a specially constructed drill press. the tests were conducted in 36 specimens at variable speeds (20000-100000 rpm) and at different constant forces (1.5-9.0 n) which were applied by placing weights on the drill platform. the results ...	1996	8961026
a disaster drill in hong kong.	this case report relates the course of a disaster drill held on 19 august 1994 in a regional acute hospital (pamela youde nethersole eastern hospital) in hong kong. the hospital civil disaster contingency plan (the plan) was put to trial on that day. volunteers were invited to become simulated casualties in the exercise. briefing seminars had been conducted with clinicians of the accident and emergency department (a & e) and other departments of the hospital. the scenario was a man-made type dis ...	1997	9069733
a simplified technique for embryo biopsy: use of the same micropipette for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration.	using different micropipettes for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration for embryo biopsy is prevalent at centers of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. the purpose of our study was to simplify the technique by using only one micropipette.	1997	9090559
heat generation during implant site preparation: an in vitro study.	thermal changes elicited during drilling and tapping procedures used in site preparation for screw-shaped and cylindrical implants were measured in vitro in blocks of bovine cortical femur bone. heat-sensitive thermocouples were placed in the bone specimens at 4- and 8-mm depths and at a constant distance from the periphery of the drilling site; this distance was preset for each type of bur used. rotary cutting was performed with 10-mm-long twist drills (2- and 3-mm diameter) and triflute drills ...	1997	9109268
l-arginine and superoxide dismutase prevent or reverse cerebral hypoperfusion after fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury.	to determine whether treatment with l-arginine or superoxide dismutase (sod) would prove effective in reducing cerebral hypoperfusion after traumatic brain injury (tbi), we measured cerebral blood flow (cbf) using laser doppler flowmetry (ldf) in rats treated before or after moderate (2.2 atm) fluid-percussion (fp) tbi. rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and prepared for midline fp tbi and then for ldf by thinning the calvaria using an air-cooled drill. rats were then randomly assigned to re ...	1997	9151771