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the confronting cisternae in neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord of rats and japanese monkeys.the neurons in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord of the rat and japanese monkey were investigated electron microscopically and ultracytochemically. the confronting cisternae observed in the cytoplasm of the majority of gelatinosal neurons in both species were composed of closely apposed parallel cisternae with electron-dense flocculent material, and a continuity with the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum was often observed. ultracytochemically, the p-nitrophenylphosphatase ...19836309398
isolation in culture of a type c virus from a japanese monkey seropositive to adult t-cell leukemia-associated antigens.co-cultivation of lymphocytes from two japanese monkeys, one of which was seropositive to adult t-cell leukemia (atl)-associated antigens (atla), gave rise to a lymphoid cell line derived from the anti-atla negative monkey. this cell line harbors atla and type c virus particles identical in morphology to atl virus.19836309601
isolation in culture of a type c virus from a japanese monkey seropositive to adult t-cell leukemia-associated antigens.co-cultivation of lymphocytes from two japanese monkeys, one of which was seropositive to adult t-cell leukemia (atl)-associated antigens (atla), gave rise to a lymphoid cell line derived from the anti-atla negative monkey. this cell line harbors atla and type c virus particles identical in morphology to atl virus.19836309601
effects of histamine on mechanical performance and biochemical and electrical activity in the heart of monkeys (macaca fuscata).the properties of the cardiac effects of histamine on the isolated heart muscles of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) were investigated. histamine had a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect on left atria and papillary muscles and a positive chronotropic effect on right atria. histamine increased the levels of cyclic amp and shortened the duration of the action potential in purkinje fibers, measures of its biochemical and electrophysiological effects. all of these effects of hista ...19836311566
na, k-atpase activity, atp and pi concentrations in various regions of monkey heart and their relation to post-overdrive hyperpolarization.the relationship among na, k-atpase activity, atp and inorganic phosphate (pi) concentrations in functionally different regions of cardiac and skeletal muscles were studied in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). the activity of na, k-atpase was determined by the method of fiske and subbarow, and the concentrations of atp and pi, by isotachophoresis. the atp concentrations in several regions of cardiac and skeletal muscles correlated positively with the na, k-atpase activities and pi concentrat ...19836314006
[a long-term qualitative behavioral change following chronic methamphetamine administration in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata)].changes in spontaneous behavior and behavioral response to various neuroactive agents following chronic methamphetamine (map) administration were assessed in 3 monkeys. the results obtained were: 1) daily administration of map (1 mg/kg) for 12 weeks resulted in a progressive qualitative alteration of behavior content including increased inhibition and staring, 2) such abnormal behavior was augmented during the chronic treatment and was reappeared by a test dose (0.2 mg/kg) of map after 2 or 4 we ...19836331689
[a long-term qualitative behavioral change following chronic methamphetamine administration in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata)].changes in spontaneous behavior and behavioral response to various neuroactive agents following chronic methamphetamine (map) administration were assessed in 3 monkeys. the results obtained were: 1) daily administration of map (1 mg/kg) for 12 weeks resulted in a progressive qualitative alteration of behavior content including increased inhibition and staring, 2) such abnormal behavior was augmented during the chronic treatment and was reappeared by a test dose (0.2 mg/kg) of map after 2 or 4 we ...19836331689
sustained coronary constriction and its antagonism by calcium-blocking agents in monkeys and baboons.experiments were performed on five japanese monkeys and one anubis baboon anesthetized initially with ketamine hydrochloride and subsequently with sodium pentobarbital, and maintained on artificial respiration. the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was cannulated and its vascular bed was perfused with arterial blood. perfusion pressure was kept constant at a value slightly higher than the mean systemic arterial pressure. blood flow through the lad was measured by an electromagnetic ...19836403259
sustained coronary constriction and its antagonism by calcium-blocking agents in monkeys and baboons.experiments were performed on five japanese monkeys and one anubis baboon anesthetized initially with ketamine hydrochloride and subsequently with sodium pentobarbital, and maintained on artificial respiration. the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was cannulated and its vascular bed was perfused with arterial blood. perfusion pressure was kept constant at a value slightly higher than the mean systemic arterial pressure. blood flow through the lad was measured by an electromagnetic ...19836403259
identification of monkey lung procathepsin d-ii as a pepsinogen-c-like acid protease zymogen.procathepsin d-ii (mr = 37 500) was purified from japanese monkey lung at ph 7.0, and was shown to be converted to the active form, cathepsin d-ii (mr = 33 000) via an intermediate (mr = 35 500) upon treatment at ph 3.0 and 14 degrees c. procathepsin d-ii was shown to be the inactive precursor of cathepsin d-ii based on the following results: the former was inactive toward heat-denaturated casein at ph 5.4 whereas the latter was active; the former was not inactivated by diazoacetyl-dl-norleucine ...19836406225
natural infection in non-human primates with adult t-cell leukemia virus or a closely related agent.a total of 703 sera from 10 species of monkeys were examined for the presence of antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia (atl)-associated antigens (atla). atla represent core protein(s) of atl virus (atlv) and atlv-determined polypeptides. anti-atla antibodies were found in all seven macaque species tested but not in three non-macaque species. the frequencies of seropositive macaques ranged from 10 to 50%. in three macaque species (japanese monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and crab-eating monkeys) in which ...19836411631
natural infection in non-human primates with adult t-cell leukemia virus or a closely related agent.a total of 703 sera from 10 species of monkeys were examined for the presence of antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia (atl)-associated antigens (atla). atla represent core protein(s) of atl virus (atlv) and atlv-determined polypeptides. anti-atla antibodies were found in all seven macaque species tested but not in three non-macaque species. the frequencies of seropositive macaques ranged from 10 to 50%. in three macaque species (japanese monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and crab-eating monkeys) in which ...19836411631
immunohistochemical study on the localization of serotonin fibers and terminals in the spinal cord of the monkey (macaca fuscata).a modified procedure of pap-immunohistochemistry with the use of a rabbit antiserum against serotonin was applied to investigate the pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the spinal cord of the monkey, macaca fuscata. the majority of descending serotonin fibers in the white matter is located immediately below the pia mater in the ventrolateral funiculi. lamina i and the outer zone of lamina ii are supplied with numerous serotonin fibers. in the intermediate gray, two prominent bundles ...19836339064
immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the neocortex of the monkey (macaca fuscata).using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method, the distribution of serotonin nerve fibers was studied in the neocortex of the monkey (macaca fuscata). all layers of the neocortex showed evidence of serotonin fibers, both fine and thick. unlike the distribution in rodents, different patterns of distribution were noted in each neocortex of the primate. among the cortical areas--area 4, 3-1-2, 17, 18, 41 and 42--the primary visual cortex (area 17) contained the highest density of imm ...19836342473
[establishment and characterization of atlv-producing cell lines].peripheral blood lymphocytes from a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) were co-cultivated with lethally irradiated mt-2 cells that carry abundant type c virus particles (atlv) isolated from a patient with adult t-cell leukemia (atl). after six weeks, a lymphoid cell line designated si-1 was established from the simian lymphocytes. the si-1 line was e-, sig-, leu-1-, oki1+, ebna-, atla+ and atlv+. co-cultivation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from three anti-atla positive and two negative healthy ...19836349544
distribution of c cells in monkey thyroid glands as studied by the immunoperoxidase method using anti-calcitonin and anti-c-thyroglobulin antisera.the distribution of c cells in the thyroid glands of eight young adult monkeys (4 macaca fuscata and 4 macaca irus) was investigated by complete serial sections utilizing the immunoperoxidase method with anti-human calcitonin and anti-dog c-thyroglobulin antisera. the secretory granules of monkey c cells were strongly immunoreactive to both antisera. a markedly uneven distribution of c cells was found. the c cells were distributed in a small area restricted to the dorsomedial portion of the lobe ...19836349577
crf-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circumventricular organs of the monkey, macaca fuscata.the occurrence of crf (corticotropin-releasing factor)-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the circumventricular organs of adult male monkeys, macaca fuscata, was studied on serially sectioned brains, by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique in combination with a highly specific and sensitive crf antiserum. crf-containing nerve fibers were found in high concentrations in the infundibulum and, in addition, in small numbers in the posterior lobe, organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, subfor ...19836349821
qualitative and quantitative changes in plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) under stimulation by intravenous infusion of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) as assessed by electrofocusing.using 5 adult japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) of both sexes, the qualitative and quantitative changes in plasma lh caused by lhrh administration were examined before and after castration. five hundred micrograms synthetic lhrh was infused for 2 hrs and blood samples were obtained every 15 min for 5 hrs under ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia. plasma lh levels were determined by an in vitro bioassay using the mouse testis interstitial cell preparation. the lhrh infusion induced a biphasic relea ...19836349979
qualitative and quantitative changes in plasma luteinizing hormone (lh) under stimulation by intravenous infusion of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) as assessed by electrofocusing.using 5 adult japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) of both sexes, the qualitative and quantitative changes in plasma lh caused by lhrh administration were examined before and after castration. five hundred micrograms synthetic lhrh was infused for 2 hrs and blood samples were obtained every 15 min for 5 hrs under ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia. plasma lh levels were determined by an in vitro bioassay using the mouse testis interstitial cell preparation. the lhrh infusion induced a biphasic relea ...19836349979
identification of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of four mammalian species.the distribution of serotonin- and vasopressin immunoreactivities in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn) of four mammalian species was studied with the use of the modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) method and antisera to serotonin and vasopressin. in the scn of the rat, hamster and cat, we noted a large number of serotonin-immunoreactive nerve fibers particularly in the ventral area, where these fibers containing small varicosities (less than 1 micron in diameter) formed a dense plexus. in t ...19836357476
control of gonadotropin secretion in the japanese monkey. 19836361341
[ultrastructure of the odonto-gingival junction of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata)]. 19836585959
[ultrastructure of the odonto-gingival junction of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata)]. 19836585959
rare variant alleles in the light of the neutral theory.based on the neutral theory of molecular evolution and polymorphism, and particularly assuming "the model of infinite alleles," a method is proposed which enables us to estimate the fraction of selectively neutral alleles (denoted by pneut) among newly arisen mutations. it makes use of data on the distribution of rare variant alleles in large samples together with information on the average heterozygosity. the formula proposed is pneut = [he/(1-he)] [loge(2nq)/n alpha (x less than q)], where n a ...19836599962
rare variant alleles in the light of the neutral theory.based on the neutral theory of molecular evolution and polymorphism, and particularly assuming "the model of infinite alleles," a method is proposed which enables us to estimate the fraction of selectively neutral alleles (denoted by pneut) among newly arisen mutations. it makes use of data on the distribution of rare variant alleles in large samples together with information on the average heterozygosity. the formula proposed is pneut = [he/(1-he)] [loge(2nq)/n alpha (x less than q)], where n a ...19836599962
seroepidemiological study of antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen (atla) in free-ranging japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). 19836603569
seroepidemiological study of antibodies to adult t-cell leukemia virus-associated antigen (atla) in free-ranging japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). 19836603569
hrp studies on thalamocortical neurons related to the cerebellocerebral projection in the monkey.in monkeys (macaca fuscata and mulatta), horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was injected in the cerebral cortices, areas 4 (medial and lateral parts), 5, 6 and 9 (a part just rostral to area 6), in which stimulation of cerebellar nuclei was known to elicit superficial or deep thalamocortical responses. retrogradely labelled thalamic neurons consisted of two separate clusters of neurons, as judged by the continuity of labelled thalamic cells; lateral (vapc, vlo, vlm, vplo, vplc, lp) and medial (vamc, x ...19836626950
responses of monkey prefrontal neurons during a visual tracking task reinforced by substantia innominata self-stimulation.the role of the substantia innominata (si) in the generation of a behavior mediated by the prefrontal (pf) cortex was examined in two japanese monkeys. pf neuronal activities related to a visual tracking task by wrist movement were recorded and neural responses to si stimulation were analyzed. sixty-six neurons showed task-related activity and were classified into 3 types. type 1 (n = 31) showed transient activation during the movement. type 2 (n = 26) showed gradually increasing activity before ...19836627010
responses of monkey prefrontal neurons during a visual tracking task reinforced by substantia innominata self-stimulation.the role of the substantia innominata (si) in the generation of a behavior mediated by the prefrontal (pf) cortex was examined in two japanese monkeys. pf neuronal activities related to a visual tracking task by wrist movement were recorded and neural responses to si stimulation were analyzed. sixty-six neurons showed task-related activity and were classified into 3 types. type 1 (n = 31) showed transient activation during the movement. type 2 (n = 26) showed gradually increasing activity before ...19836627010
food aversion learning in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). a strategy to avoid a noxious food.japanese monkeys consumed two kinds of food, the novel almonds and the familiar sweet potatoes, simultaneously, and then received a cyclophosphamide injection (20 mg/kg) intravenously. as the food-poison pairing was repeated, they first avoided the novel food completely, and then came to suppress eating the familiar one. during the subsequent extinction tests, the aversion to the familiar food was extinguished rapidly, whereas the aversion to the novel one was retained more than 2 months. in foo ...19836629230
food aversion learning in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). a strategy to avoid a noxious food.japanese monkeys consumed two kinds of food, the novel almonds and the familiar sweet potatoes, simultaneously, and then received a cyclophosphamide injection (20 mg/kg) intravenously. as the food-poison pairing was repeated, they first avoided the novel food completely, and then came to suppress eating the familiar one. during the subsequent extinction tests, the aversion to the familiar food was extinguished rapidly, whereas the aversion to the novel one was retained more than 2 months. in foo ...19836629230
the banded karyotypes of macaca fuscata compared with cercocebus aterrimus.the karyotypes of macaca fuscata and cercocebus aterrimus are compared after g, c and agnor banding. although it is often assumed that the 42-chromosome monkeys (species of the genera macaca, papio, and cercocebus) are identical at the chromosomal level, a number of clear and consistent differences between the karyotypes of these two taxa are described. these differences include one pericentric inversion and differences in staining intensity, particularly in centromeric and pericentromeric areas ...19836654268
formation of the sameness-difference concept by japanese monkeys from a small number of color stimuli.japanese monkeys were trained to form the sameness-difference concept. in experiment 1, four monkeys were trained with two colors to discriminate matching stimulus pairs from nonmatching pairs by reinforcing only lever-pressing responses to matching pairs with a variable-interval schedule. three monkeys showed successful transfer of this discrimination to two new colors, thus demonstrating that some japanese monkeys are able to form this relational concept from a minimum number of stimuli. in ex ...19836655426
formation of the sameness-difference concept by japanese monkeys from a small number of color stimuli.japanese monkeys were trained to form the sameness-difference concept. in experiment 1, four monkeys were trained with two colors to discriminate matching stimulus pairs from nonmatching pairs by reinforcing only lever-pressing responses to matching pairs with a variable-interval schedule. three monkeys showed successful transfer of this discrimination to two new colors, thus demonstrating that some japanese monkeys are able to form this relational concept from a minimum number of stimuli. in ex ...19836655426
ovulation and periovulatory time courses of ovarian steroids in the japanese monkey. 19836656005
electrocardiogram and his bundle electrogram of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).electrocardiogram (ecg) was taken from macaca fuscata in the supine position under secobarbital anesthesia. the ecgs were recorded in the leads of standard (i, ii, iii), augmented unipolar limb (avr, avl, avf) and unipolar chest (v4r, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,). the ecg was similar to that of humans as well as the monkeys of other species in their general patterns and the voltage of each wave (p, q, r, s, t), though the heart rate was considerably different. the direction of t wave was consistent ...19836662201
electrocardiogram and his bundle electrogram of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).electrocardiogram (ecg) was taken from macaca fuscata in the supine position under secobarbital anesthesia. the ecgs were recorded in the leads of standard (i, ii, iii), augmented unipolar limb (avr, avl, avf) and unipolar chest (v4r, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,). the ecg was similar to that of humans as well as the monkeys of other species in their general patterns and the voltage of each wave (p, q, r, s, t), though the heart rate was considerably different. the direction of t wave was consistent ...19836662201
one-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning in wild japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).we examined how japanese monkeys in the wild formed an aversion to food which had been paired with poison. ten monkeys of various ages and both sexes were chosen as subjects from 105 members of the shiga-a1 troop at jigokudani in shiga heights in japan. we gave almond nuts to each subject. once a monkey ate 10-20 almond nuts, he was captured and moved into an injection cage. seven experimental subjects were injected intravenously with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). three control subjects received ...19836670970
one-trial long-lasting food-aversion learning in wild japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).we examined how japanese monkeys in the wild formed an aversion to food which had been paired with poison. ten monkeys of various ages and both sexes were chosen as subjects from 105 members of the shiga-a1 troop at jigokudani in shiga heights in japan. we gave almond nuts to each subject. once a monkey ate 10-20 almond nuts, he was captured and moved into an injection cage. seven experimental subjects were injected intravenously with cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg). three control subjects received ...19836670970
direct projections to the prestriate cortex from the retino-recipient zone of the inferior pulvinar nucleus in the macaque monkey.it was found by the anterograde and retrograde horseradish peroxidase methods that the medial border region of the inferior pulvinar nucleus of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata), where optic fibers have been shown to end [8], was connected reciprocally with the ipsilateral prestriate cortical regions around the compensatory sulcus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.19836672691
[electron microscopic study of an experimental contusion cataract of a japanese monkey].the traumatic cataract was experimentally induced in the lens of a japanese monkey and observed with the electron microscope. the purpose of this study was to shed some light on the origin of the cataract caused by various factors. the clinical examinations of the experimental animal showed the opacity of the posterior subcapsular cortex. electronmicroscopic investigations revealed that lens fibers within the opaque region increased in number of mitochondrion, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulu ...19836679651
the effect of cell kinetics and harvest time on sce and nor associations in macaca fuscata lymphocytes.the relationship between cell kinetics and cell harvest time on sister chromatid exchange (sce) and nor (marker chromosome) association was investigated in cultured macaca fuscata lymphocytes. the average number of sce's in individuals ranged from 3.77 to 9.07 per cell. the highest sce rate was found in cultures harvested at 60 h. the data suggest a decrease in sce frequency between 60 h and subsequent cell harvest at 72, 84, and 96 h. nor association frequency was also affected by cell kinetics ...19836641284
polyspecific groups of macaques on the kowloon peninsula, new territories, hong kong.three polyspecific groups of free-ranging macaques were observed in july and august of 1980 and 1981 in the forests of the new territories of mainland hong kong. two groups were composed of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and long-tailed or crab-eating monkeys (m. fascicularis), and one group was composed of both the former plus japanese macaques (m. fuscata). all three groups contained hybrids between m. mulatta and m. fascicularis. this combination of species within the same social group is an ...198331992014
physiological and social influences on mounting behavior of troop-living female monkeys (macaca fuscata).female mounting behavior was studied in a troop of japanese macaques during one breeding season. of 79 sexually active females, mounting behavior during consortships was shown by 50 females; 13 only with males, 20 with both males and females, and 17 only with females. several factors associated with reproductive state influenced the expression of mounting activity. recency of parturition influenced the mounting by females regardless of the type of partner. females that had not given birth the pr ...198331992009
puberty in male japanese macaques (macaca fuscata): social and sexual behavior in a confined troop.the social and sexual behaviors of four groups of males (4, 5, 9, and 10 years old) were compared throughout one complete mating season in a confined troop of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). the aim of this research was to document social behavior changes that occurred during adolescence and to relate them to changes in sexual behavior that occurred at puberty. the 4-year-old males all mounted females and ejaculated but they had significantly fewer ejaculations and female partners than did t ...198331991960
psycholinguistic analyses of alarm calls of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata).alarm and estrous calls emitted by japanese macaques were recorded and analyzed in the arashiyama west and east groups. their responses to natural calls as well as to synthesized versions varying in the acoustic parameters that defined the vocalizations were studied. the response patterns shown by arashiyama west group members, which were subject to a distinct change with only a slight difference of a single parameter, appeared to reflect strict underlying perceptual boundaries. this was analogo ...198331991942
psycholinguistic analyses of alarm calls of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata).alarm and estrous calls emitted by japanese macaques were recorded and analyzed in the arashiyama west and east groups. their responses to natural calls as well as to synthesized versions varying in the acoustic parameters that defined the vocalizations were studied. the response patterns shown by arashiyama west group members, which were subject to a distinct change with only a slight difference of a single parameter, appeared to reflect strict underlying perceptual boundaries. this was analogo ...198331991942
brief report: newborn adoption in a confined group of japanese macaques.in a group of japanese macaques, a multiparous high-ranking female gave birth to an infant and, two days later, adopted a neonate abandoned right after birth by a primiparous low-ranking female. both infants were reared successfully. whereas the "selfish" explanation does not accord with the evidence from the present case, the "altruistic" explanation cannot be discarded definitively. however, the context and the consequences of the adoption suggest reproductive error on the part of the adoptive ...198331986860
development of a congenitally malformed japanese monkey in a free-ranging group during the first four years of life.a malformed male japanese monkey completely lacking both hands was observed in a free-ranging situation to four years of age. he developed a locomotor pattern appropriate to his deformity, namely, bipedal walking on hind legs. he maintained a stronger bond with his mother than did normal same-aged male monkeys and retained the same high dominance ranking order as his mother. he did not show peripheralization as did normal juvenile monkeys. no social disadvantages based on his physical deficienci ...198331986858
temporal lobe lesions and perception of species-specific vocalizations by macaques.japanese macaques were trained to discriminate two forms of their coo vocalization before and after unilateral and bilateral ablation of the temporal cortex. unilateral ablation of the left superior temporal gyrus, including auditory cortex, resulted in an initial impairment in the discrimination, but similar unilateral ablation of the right superior temporal gyrus had no effect. bilateral temporal lesions including auditory cortex completely abolished the ability of the animals to discriminate ...19846474192
[histologic study on the periodontal structures incident to experimental tooth movement in macaca fuscata. studies on the periodontal structures of the artificially intruded tooth]. 19846596719
old age and its behavioral manifestations: a study on two species of macaque.observations from two studies on the behavior of stumptail and japanese macaques revealed that old females were generally less active and involved in fewer social interactions than young adult females. old females typically avoided or maintained sufficient distance from others to decrease the possibility of interaction, but were neither excluded from social interactions nor out-competed in rank-related situations. the data strongly suggest that the old females selectively withdrew from social in ...19846500409
interbirth intervals in a captive group of japanese macaques.interbirth intervals in a captive group of japanese macaques were found to be shortened and inconsistently affected by stillbirth and infant loss within 6 months of life. the reduction in the length of the interval between successive births was in all probability the result of shorter periods of lactation and larger amounts of body fat stored by the well-nourished females of the study group.19846500407
body and organ weights of macaca fuscata and macaca cyclopis. 19846482133
medial preoptic neuronal responses to connatural females in sexually inactive male monkeys (macaca fuscata).neuronal responses to a connatural female were investigated in the medial preoptic area of two sexually inactive male monkeys. of 72 neurons tested, the presence of the female elicited a phasic excitatory response in 11 neurons and a tonic excitatory response in 5 neurons. these findings suggest that a small number of medial preoptic neurons are involved in coding the presence of the female in the sexually inactive male monkey.19846709237
serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey. quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis.a quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis of serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (macaca fuscata) was made using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method for serotonin. the overall numerical density of serotonin-containing varicosities in the primate striate cortex was approximately 770,000/mm3 and the highest concentration of immunoreactive varicosities (ca. 1,400,000/mm3) was observed in the upper portion of layer ivc, the next highest concentration being ...19846721216
studies on babesia first found in murine in japan: epidemiology, morphology and experimental infection.during the period from november 1980 to september 1982, 314 small wild mammals were captured in 5 localities in japan. twenty-six out of 86 apodemus speciosus and one out of 6 a. argenteus both species captured in shiga prefecture (35 degrees 02'n, 135 degrees 50'e, 330 m elev .) were positive for babesia. the parasitemia in those animals was generally low. the infection rate did not show any significant difference between sexes of the host or between seasons, whereas it tended to go up with the ...19846730782
the n-terminal sequence of rat pepsinogen.the amino-acid sequence of 96 residues in the n-terminal region of rat pepsinogen i was determined and the first 46 residues were found to constitute the activation peptide segment. there was high degree of homology between the activation segments of rat pepsinogen and some pepsinogens a (pig, cow, japanese monkey and human). however, the number of residues substituted between rat and the other pepsinogens were considerably larger than those among pepsinogens a. in the n-terminal 24 residues of ...19846743670
mother-infant visual interaction in japanese macaques.patterns of visual interaction in mother-infant dyadic behavior have been reported for human and nonhuman primates, including age and gender differences among rhesus macaques. such findings are tested with data from two developmental periods (weeks 1-8 and 21-36) on japanese macaque mother-infant visual behavior. rates for look, infant facial-fixation, and eye contact are greater during the first period than in the second. in weeks 1-8, infants interact visually with their mother significantly m ...19846745500
neuronal events correlated with long-term adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex in the primate flocculus.the activity of flocculus purkinje cells was examined in japanese monkeys during sustained vestibular-visual stimulation which caused adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (h-vor). in the floccular area related to the h-vor by microstimulation. purkinje cells consistently changed their simple spike responsiveness to head rotation in parallel with the adaptive h-vor gain change. similar changes occurred even after the h-vor had been extinguished by lesioning of the vestibular nucle ...19846609741
neuronal events correlated with long-term adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex in the primate flocculus.the activity of flocculus purkinje cells was examined in japanese monkeys during sustained vestibular-visual stimulation which caused adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (h-vor). in the floccular area related to the h-vor by microstimulation. purkinje cells consistently changed their simple spike responsiveness to head rotation in parallel with the adaptive h-vor gain change. similar changes occurred even after the h-vor had been extinguished by lesioning of the vestibular nucle ...19846609741
[purification and characterization of liver carbonyl reductase in the japanese monkey]. 19846376764
immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey, macaca fuscata.the distributional pattern of serotonin-containing nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the monkey (macaca fuscata) was analyzed with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in conjunction with a highly sensitive and specific anti-serotonin serum. the highest concentrations of serotonin-immunoreactive varicose fibers were found in the nucleus praeopticus medialis, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, and the complex of mammillary nuclei (nucleus praemamillaris, supramamillaris, mamillaris ...19846432329
serological analysis of ureaplasmas isolated from various animals.ureaplasmas from various animal species were serologically characterized by the growth inhibition test as well as by the metabolism inhibition test. the animals positive for ureaplasmas included 9 common squirrel monkeys, 9 green monkeys, 164 cynomolgus monkeys, 58 chimpanzees, 73 goats, 11 sheep, 102 dogs, 116 cats, 64 cattle, 290 chickens, 3 red jungle fowls and 5 japanese bantams. simian ureaplasmas were divided into four serogroups in accordance with the zoological classification of the prim ...19846439681
serological analysis of ureaplasmas isolated from various animals.ureaplasmas from various animal species were serologically characterized by the growth inhibition test as well as by the metabolism inhibition test. the animals positive for ureaplasmas included 9 common squirrel monkeys, 9 green monkeys, 164 cynomolgus monkeys, 58 chimpanzees, 73 goats, 11 sheep, 102 dogs, 116 cats, 64 cattle, 290 chickens, 3 red jungle fowls and 5 japanese bantams. simian ureaplasmas were divided into four serogroups in accordance with the zoological classification of the prim ...19846439681
projections from the edinger-westphal complex of monkeys as studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase.by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, an experimental study was made in the japanese monkey of the projection from the anteromedian nucleus (am) and edinger-westphal nucleus (ew) to the ciliary ganglon, cerebellar nuclei and spinal cord. special attention was paid on the labeled cell forms. neurons projecting to the cerebellar nuclei or the spinal cord were small (8-11 microns in diameter) and spindle-shaped, and they were located in almost the entire parts of both a ...19846442128
[an electron microscopic study of the melanocytes in the iris stroma of infantile, juvenile and adult japanese monkeys]. 19846464852
[an electron microscopic study of the melanocytes in the iris stroma of infantile, juvenile and adult japanese monkeys]. 19846464852
neural lateralization of vocalizations by japanese macaques: communicative significance is more important than acoustic structure.the study was designed to determine whether the neural lateralization of vocal perception in japanese macaques depends on the acoustic properties of the calls used or their communicative significance. four monkeys--two japanese macaques and two comparison macaques--were trained to discriminate among monaurally presented exemplars of two classes of vocalizations from the japanese macaque's repertoire. once the subjects mastered the discrimination, they performed at equivalent accuracy levels for ...19846487413
neural lateralization of vocalizations by japanese macaques: communicative significance is more important than acoustic structure.the study was designed to determine whether the neural lateralization of vocal perception in japanese macaques depends on the acoustic properties of the calls used or their communicative significance. four monkeys--two japanese macaques and two comparison macaques--were trained to discriminate among monaurally presented exemplars of two classes of vocalizations from the japanese macaque's repertoire. once the subjects mastered the discrimination, they performed at equivalent accuracy levels for ...19846487413
horseradish peroxidase studies on thalamic and striatal connections of the mesial part of area 6 in the monkey.in monkeys (macaca fuscata), horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was injected in the mesial part of area 6a alpha and 6a beta of the vogts (presumed supplementary motor area). groups of retrogradely labelled neurons were found in the dorsolateral half of va, vlc, x and vlm. other groups of retrogradely labelled neurons extended through pcn, csl, the dorsal edge of cn.md, pf, cl, mdmf, mddc and mdpc in the thalamus and the claustrum. anterogradely labelled terminals were found in turn in these thalamic ...19846493585
functional representation of eye movements in the flocculus of monkeys (macaca fuscata).the flocculus of the monkey was mapped with microstimulation methods in chronic preparations. three types of low threshold, disconjugate eye movements were elicited: (1) a lateral deviation of the ipsilateral eye, (2) a downward deviation of the ipsilateral eye and (3) counterclockwise rotation of the ipsilateral eye. horizontal eye movements were obtained from folia 2, 3, 4 and 6-10 of the flocculus, and the region eliciting horizontal eye movements was traced in the sagittal plane over a dista ...19846493593
commissural afferents to the cortex surrounding the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus in the monkey.commissural afferents to the cortex surrounding the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus were studied in japanese monkeys by the horseradish peroxidase method. after injection of the enzyme, many callosal neurons were labeled contralaterally in the cortical area corresponding to the injection site (homotopical area) and in other regions (heterotopical area). most of the callosal neurons were triangular in shape, occurring for the most part in layer iii of both homotopical and heterotop ...19846493598
commissural afferents to the cortex surrounding the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus in the monkey.commissural afferents to the cortex surrounding the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus were studied in japanese monkeys by the horseradish peroxidase method. after injection of the enzyme, many callosal neurons were labeled contralaterally in the cortical area corresponding to the injection site (homotopical area) and in other regions (heterotopical area). most of the callosal neurons were triangular in shape, occurring for the most part in layer iii of both homotopical and heterotop ...19846493598
uptake of estrone and estrone-3-sulfate by lung of macaca fuscata.an equimolar mixture of 3h-e1-s2 and 14c-e1 was injected in one shot into the inferior vena cava near the heart of female japanese monkey. following the injection, blood was collected from the aortic arch at intervals of 15 s over a period of 10 min. the concentration of radioactivities in the whole blood and serum was measured. the metabolites were analyzed by deae-sephadex a-25 column chromatography, enzyme hydrolysis, thin layer chromatography and paper chromatography. both radioactivities of ...19846512180
ambivalence in monkey mothering. infant abuse combined with maternal possessiveness.the maternal behavior of an abusive japanese macaque multiparous female was compared with that of three primiparous normal females from the same colony to evaluate the quality of the abusive mother-infant relationship. the abusive mother-infant pair scored highest on maternal warmth, protectiveness, possessiveness, and scored lowest on maternal rejectingness. the finding that the abusive mother alternated violent abuse with attentive maternal care is not consistent with the learning defect expla ...19846537968
presence of endogenous inhibitor of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in monkey serum.in the course of our studies on the developmental changes of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (aadc) in the serum of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), we found the presence of an endogenous inhibitor of aadc in all stages of monkey life. this inhibitor inhibited the serum enzyme activity completely with l-5-hydroxytryptophan (l-5-htp) as substrate, while the activity was partially inhibited with l-dopa as substrate. the inhibitor was non-dialyzable, but it could be removed from the m ...19846333583
presence of endogenous inhibitor of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in monkey serum.in the course of our studies on the developmental changes of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (aadc) in the serum of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), we found the presence of an endogenous inhibitor of aadc in all stages of monkey life. this inhibitor inhibited the serum enzyme activity completely with l-5-hydroxytryptophan (l-5-htp) as substrate, while the activity was partially inhibited with l-dopa as substrate. the inhibitor was non-dialyzable, but it could be removed from the m ...19846333583
nicorandil releases acetylcholine-induced sustained coronary arterial constriction in monkeys and baboons.the spasmolytic action of nicorandil on coronary circulation was investigated in 3 japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata), 1 rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), and 1 anubis baboon (papio anubis) anesthetized with pentobarbital. the arterial bed of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was perfused with autologous arterial blood at a constant pressure close to systolic arterial blood pressure. single injections of nicorandil (10-300 micrograms) into the lad produced a dose-dependent increase ...19846235383
nicorandil releases acetylcholine-induced sustained coronary arterial constriction in monkeys and baboons.the spasmolytic action of nicorandil on coronary circulation was investigated in 3 japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata), 1 rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta), and 1 anubis baboon (papio anubis) anesthetized with pentobarbital. the arterial bed of the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) was perfused with autologous arterial blood at a constant pressure close to systolic arterial blood pressure. single injections of nicorandil (10-300 micrograms) into the lad produced a dose-dependent increase ...19846235383
prevalence of antibody to adult t-cell leukemia virus-associated antigens (atla) in japanese monkeys and other non-human primates.the prevalence of adult t-cell-leukemia virus (atlv) infection was examined in japanese monkeys living naturally in various parts of japan and in other species of non-human primates imported into and kept in japan. sera of 2,650 japanese monkeys from 41 troops throughout japan were tested. high incidences of anti-atlv-associated antigen (atla)-positive monkeys were found in most troops, not only in the endemic area of human atl(southwestern japan), but also in non-endemic areas. the incidence of ...19846319300
prevalence of antibody to adult t-cell leukemia virus-associated antigens (atla) in japanese monkeys and other non-human primates.the prevalence of adult t-cell-leukemia virus (atlv) infection was examined in japanese monkeys living naturally in various parts of japan and in other species of non-human primates imported into and kept in japan. sera of 2,650 japanese monkeys from 41 troops throughout japan were tested. high incidences of anti-atlv-associated antigen (atla)-positive monkeys were found in most troops, not only in the endemic area of human atl(southwestern japan), but also in non-endemic areas. the incidence of ...19846319300
slow responses mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors in the cardiac muscles of the monkey (macaca fuscata).the effects of phenylephrine on force of contraction and on slow action potentials were studied in the cardiac muscles of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). 1) the concentration-response curves for the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine in the left atria and right ventricular papillary muscles were shifted to the right by either prazosin (10(-7) m) or propranolol (10(-6) m), and were further shifted in the presence of both prazosin and propranolol. 2) phenylephrine (10(-5) m) restored ...19846145393
failure to produce axon reflex-sweating in the volar skin of japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) and crab-eating monkey (macaca irus).the functional properties of the sweat glands and their innervation in the volar skin of three japanese monkeys and two crab-eating monkeys were investigated. the sweat glands responded to both cholinomimetic and adrenomimetic agents, the former being highly predominant in the sudorific effect. spontaneous emotional sweating was strongly or completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-8)-10(-7) g/ml, but not by dihydroergotamine at 10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml. axon reflex sweating could not be produced by nic ...19846151462
failure to produce axon reflex-sweating in the volar skin of japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) and crab-eating monkey (macaca irus).the functional properties of the sweat glands and their innervation in the volar skin of three japanese monkeys and two crab-eating monkeys were investigated. the sweat glands responded to both cholinomimetic and adrenomimetic agents, the former being highly predominant in the sudorific effect. spontaneous emotional sweating was strongly or completely inhibited by atropine at 10(-8)-10(-7) g/ml, but not by dihydroergotamine at 10(-5)-10(-4) g/ml. axon reflex sweating could not be produced by nic ...19846151462
infectious transmission of human t-cell leukemia virus to animals.an human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv)-producing cell line (ra-1) was established from rabbit lymphocytes by co-cultivation with lethally irradiated mt-2 cells. ra-1 cells were inoculated intravenously into a japanese monkey and rabbits. all animals responded with the production of antibodies to htlv. lymphocytes from the seroconverted animals were grown in the presence of t-cell growth factor (tcgf) or co-cultured with lymphocytes from seronegative healthy persons. the tcgf-grown cells, which we ...19846152756
synergistic interaction of corticotropin releasing factor and arginine vasopressin on adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in macaca fuscata.plasma immunoreactive crf measured by radioimmunoassay decreased rapidly after intravenous injection of synthetic ovine corticotropin releasing factor (crf) and showed a bi-exponential decay curve in five macaca fuscatas. half lives of plasma immunoreactive crf were 5.8 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- sem) min for the fast component and 38.3 +/- 2.4 min for the slow component. a bolus injection of 5 micrograms/kg crf significantly increased the plasma cortisol level. crf at 5 micrograms/kg induced a delayed r ...19846087620
fine structure of human- and monkey-derived type c virus particles in monkey lymphoid cell lines expressing adult t-cell leukemia-associated antigens. brief report.ultrastructures of japanese monkey (macaca fuscata)-derived type c virus particles in a monkey lymphoid cell line, expressing adult t-cell leukemia (atl)-associated antigens, are indistinguishable from those of human atl-associated virus in human and monkey cell lines.19846089707
purification and characterization of a calcium-activated neutral protease from monkey brain and its action on neuropeptides.a calcium-activated neutral protease was purified from japanese monkey brain by ammonium sulfate fractionation and sequential column chromatographies monitored by assay of caseinolytic activity. the purified enzyme gave a single protein band on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 74,000 and 20,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme required millimolar order calcium ions for ...19846094523
seroepidemiological survey on dengue and japanese encephalitis virus infections in asian monkeys.to investigate the ecology of dengue and japanese encephalitis (je) viruses in the forest in asia, a seroepidemiological survey was carried out on 358 southeast asian cynomolgus (macaca iris), 33 indian bonnet (macaca radiata) and 37 japanese (macaca fuscata) monkey sera by a plaque reduction neutralization test. the results indicated that southeast asian monkeys were naturally infected with these viruses but the frequency of antibody to them varied considerably according to the geographical ori ...19846095461
human adult t-cell leukaemia virus is distinct from a similar isolate of japanese monkeys.we have compared the structural polypeptides of an adult t-cell leukaemia (atl) virus (atlv) isolate from a japanese patient with atl with those of a similar virus derived from a japanese macaque monkey. both are distinct but related entities. their core polypeptides p19 could not be distinguished, but p24, another core polypeptide, and their envelope glycopolypeptides differ. the human virus directs the synthesis of a single intracellular glycopolypeptide, gp68, while the macaque virus specifie ...19846096497
human adult t-cell leukaemia virus is distinct from a similar isolate of japanese monkeys.we have compared the structural polypeptides of an adult t-cell leukaemia (atl) virus (atlv) isolate from a japanese patient with atl with those of a similar virus derived from a japanese macaque monkey. both are distinct but related entities. their core polypeptides p19 could not be distinguished, but p24, another core polypeptide, and their envelope glycopolypeptides differ. the human virus directs the synthesis of a single intracellular glycopolypeptide, gp68, while the macaque virus specifie ...19846096497
nerve fibers in trabecular meshwork surface.the trabecular meshwork surface in the japanese monkey eye was observed by scanning electron microscopy. many varicose nerve fibers were recognized in the anterior surface of the trabecular sheets and in the intertrabecular space facing the anterior chamber. the nerve fibers often branched and thus formed a loose-meshed plexus. these varicose nerve fibers were identified by ultrastructural studies after the pretreatment of one animal with 5-hydroxydopamine as an adrenergic agent. most nerve fibe ...19846098756
neutrophilic nodules in the intestinal walls of japanese monkeys associated with the neutrophil chemotactic activity of larval extracts and secretions of oesophagostomum aculeatum.high neutrophil chemotactic activity was detected in the culture medium from oesophagostomum aculeatum larvae in vitro using blind-well chambers with millipore filters, and guinea pig leucocytes as indicator cells. neutrophil chemotactic activity was also detected in the extract from larval worms in a dose dependent fashion. this activity was detected in the low molecular weight fractions adjacent to a sodium chloride marker by gel filtration on sephadex g200. these results were further confirme ...19853975475
neutrophilic nodules in the intestinal walls of japanese monkeys associated with the neutrophil chemotactic activity of larval extracts and secretions of oesophagostomum aculeatum.high neutrophil chemotactic activity was detected in the culture medium from oesophagostomum aculeatum larvae in vitro using blind-well chambers with millipore filters, and guinea pig leucocytes as indicator cells. neutrophil chemotactic activity was also detected in the extract from larval worms in a dose dependent fashion. this activity was detected in the low molecular weight fractions adjacent to a sodium chloride marker by gel filtration on sephadex g200. these results were further confirme ...19853975475
movement and non-movement related pallidal unit activity during bar press feeding behavior in the monkey.activity was recorded from 358 neurons in the globus pallidus (gp) of monkeys (macaca fuscata) during an operant feeding task consisting of 3 stages: (1) food or non-food presentation (1st stage); (2) bar pressing (2nd stage); and (3) food acquisition and ingestion (3rd stage). there were two kinds of neurons, one with high and the other with very low (almost silent), spontaneous firing rates. two hundred and four neurons (57%) responded in one or more of the feeding stages. of the 21 neurons wh ...19853977985
hippocampal unit activity and delayed response in the monkey.single unit activity was recorded from the hippocampus while japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata, n = 4) were performing a delayed response (dr) task. a total of 272 units showed an obvious change in discharge rate in relation to the events of the dr task. these 272 related units were classified into 6 groups: cue-light related units (n = 24), cue- and choice-light related units (n = 41), choice-light related units (n = 21), response-related units (n = 51), reward-error units (n = 17), and delay un ...19853978418
hippocampal unit activity and delayed response in the monkey.single unit activity was recorded from the hippocampus while japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata, n = 4) were performing a delayed response (dr) task. a total of 272 units showed an obvious change in discharge rate in relation to the events of the dr task. these 272 related units were classified into 6 groups: cue-light related units (n = 24), cue- and choice-light related units (n = 41), choice-light related units (n = 21), response-related units (n = 51), reward-error units (n = 17), and delay un ...19853978418
auditory short-term memory in the japanese monkey.auditory short-term memory in japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) was studied using a go/no go auditory delayed matching to sample task. three temporal parameters: delay interval, intertrial interval and sample stimulus duration were manipulated. delayed matching performance deteriorated as the delay interval was lengthened, and reached a near chance level at 16 sec. longer intertrial intervals and sample duration ameliorated performance. when the number of the sample stimulus was increased to 3 t ...19853980158
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