Publications

respiratory, acid-base, and metabolic responses of the christmas island blue crab, cardisoma hirtipes (dana), during simulated environmental conditions.	the dependency of the christmas island blue crab, cardisoma hirtipes, on fresh water for respiratory gas exchange and transport was investigated in laboratory simulations. the gas exchange rates of air-breathing c. hirtipes were similar to those of other land crabs but decreased to 20% in submerged crabs. crabs with access to air maintained arterial and pulmonary o2 content (co2) and partial pressure (po2), while in submerged crabs the po2 and co2 rapidly decreased (by 50%). there was no anaerob ...	1997	9231382
synaptic exocytosis of dense-core vesicles in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) stomach muscles.	neuromuscular terminals of a single motoneuron to four muscles (cpv7a, gm5a, cv2, and cv3) in the stomach of the blue crab callinectes sapidus showed structural evidence for the exocytotic release of dense-core vesicles exclusively at synapses. the primary evidence was the appearance of dense cores in the synaptic cleft, accompanied by indentations of the presynaptic or postsynaptic membrane. in their simplest form, these consisted of an omega-shaped figure of the presynaptic membrane enclosing ...	1997	9232830
effects of experience on crab foraging in a mobile and a sedentary species	the effects of experience on prey and prey-patch choice were compared between two species of marine predatory crabs. the blue crab, callinectes sapidus rathbun, is highly mobile and forages in a variety of estuarine and lagoonal habitats. the atlantic mud crab, panopeus herbstii h. milne-edwards, is smaller and less mobile and is found mostly in oyster reefs and on shelly bottoms. in the laboratory, crabs were offered a choice between two prey types (juvenile hard clams, mercenaria mercenaria li ...	1997	9236012
structural-functional differences of a crab motoneuron to four stomach muscles.	a motor unit in the stomach of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, consists of four separate muscles involved in different aspects of the trituration and filtering of food. motor nerve terminals to two of the muscles (cpv7a and gm5) release small amounts of transmitter (low-output) while those to the other two muscles (cv2 and cv3) release between three and five-fold greater amounts (high-output). structural features underlying the disparity in synaptic strength were analysed with thin serial-se ...	1997	9278868
preliminary assessment of pcb risks to human and ecological health in the lower passaic river.	concentrations of aroclor mixtures and specific polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners were measured in surface sediments and aquatic biota (striped bass fillet, mummichog, and blue crab muscle and hepatopancreas) collected from the lower passaic river. several of the 47 surface sediment samples contained aroclor concentrations that exceeded a national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) benchmark level for "total pcbs" (22.7 micrograms/kg). each of the 18 pcb congeners analyzed in a ...	1997	9310144
analysis of metals in blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, from two connecticut estuaries.		1997	8975810
perireceptor mechanisms sustaining olfaction at low salinities: insight from the euryhaline blue crab callinectes sapidus	as the blue crab callinectes sapidus moves from sea water to fresh water, the 'exposed' chemosensory dendrites in the olfactory sensilla (aesthetascs) undergo changes in length that are positively correlated with environmental salinity. in this study, we demonstrate the following. (1) the responses of the olfactory receptor cells of freshwater-acclimated crabs are reduced relative to those of seawater-acclimated animals, but increase with a time course comparable to the increase in dendrite leng ...	1997	9318098
the paradigm that all oxygen-respiring eukaryotes have cytosolic cuzn-superoxide dismutase and that mn-superoxide dismutase is localized to the mitochondria does not apply to a large group of marine arthropods.	the enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod), which catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical, is present in the cytosol and mitochondria of all oxygen-respiring eukaryotes. the cytosolic form contains copper and zinc (cuznsod), whereas the mitochondrial form contains manganese (mnsod). the latter protein is synthesized in the cytosol as a mnsod precursor, containing an n-terminal mitochondrial-targeting sequence. cuznsod is sensitive toward cyanide (cn) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), but mnso ...	1997	9341231
biochemical defense mechanisms against copper-induced oxidative damage in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) has a very dynamic copper metabolism associated with the biosynthesis and degradation of its respiratory pigment hemocyanin. in this study we report on the cellular defense mechanisms used by the crab to protect itself from copper toxicity. short-term copper-exposure studies, conducted by incubating hepatopancreas tissue explants in copper-containing medium, show that copper taken up by the cells during the first 60 min combines with low-molecular-weight coppe ...	1998	9514663
female behaviour, sexual competition and mate guarding in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus	blue crabs mate immediately after the female's final moult. we tested the influence of female moult stage, sex ratio and male size on the pre-mating behaviour of both sexes, and the ability of males to pair with females and aggressively compete for access to females. we observed crabs in field enclosures and surveyed pre-copulatory mate-guarding patterns in the field. female behaviour changed as they progressed through the final moult cycle, such that early moult-stage females avoided males, but ...	1998	9514672
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding molt-inhibiting hormone of the crab, cancer magister.	a neuropeptide molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) negatively regulates crustacean molting glands (y-organs). we report here the molecular cloning of a cdna encoding putative mih of the dungeness crab, cancer magister. a cdna library was commercially prepared using poly (a+) rna isolated from c. magister eyestalk neural ganglia. the library was screened using as probe a previously cloned portion of a cdna encoding mih of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. dna sequence analysis of one positive clone r ...	1998	9548218
molt-inhibiting hormone mrna levels and ecdysteroid titer during a molt cycle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	synthesis of ecdysteroid molting hormones by crustacean y-organs is believed to be regulated by a neuropeptide, molt-inhibiting hormone (mih), produced in eyestalk neural ganglia. in the present study, steady-state mih mrna and hemolymph ecdysteroid levels were determined by northern blot and radioimmunoassay, respectively, during the molt cycle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the level of mih mrna dropped steadily during premolt (d1-d4), reaching a minimum in d3/d4, then increased by 10- ...	1998	9731186
pcr cloning and expression of the molt-inhibiting hormone gene for the crab (charybdis feriatus).	a pcr-based genomic dna walking technique was used to clone the gene for the molt-inhibiting hormone of the crab, charybdis feriatus. several overlapping genomic clones were isolated, and the mih gene for the crab was reconstructed. dna sequence determination of the overlapping clone reveals that the mih gene spans 4.3kb and consists of three exons and two introns. exons 1 and 2 carry a coding sequence for the signal peptide, and exons 2 and 3 consist of coding sequence for the mature peptide. t ...	1998	9931416
callinectin, an antibacterial peptide from blue crab, callinectes sapidus, hemocytes.	this paper describes the isolation of an approximately 3.7 kda, basic, antibacterial peptide (designated callinectin), which represents the major antibiotic activity in blue crab, callinectes sapidus, hemocytes. a single-step purification using low-pressure cation-exchange chromatology yielded a highly purified (>95%) peptide. purity was confirmed by c4 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc), native gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropho ...	1999	10373609
a food web analysis of the juvenile blue crab, callinectes sapidus, using stable isotopes in whole animals and individual amino acids.	the stable isotope compositions (c and n) of plants and animals of a marsh dominated by spartina alterniflora in the delaware estuary were determined. the study focused on the juvenile stage of the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus, and the importance of marsh-derived diets in supporting growth during this stage. laboratory growth experiments and field data indicated that early juvenile blue crabs living in the delaware bay habitat fed primarily on zooplankton, while marsh-dwelling crabs, ...	1999	28308018
concurrent signals and behavioral plasticity in blue crab (callinectes sapidus rathbun) courtship.	behavioral flexibility and behavioral regulation through courtship signals may both contribute to mating success. blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) form precopulatory pairs after courtship periods that are influenced by female and perhaps male urine-based chemical signals. in this study, male and female crabs were observed in 1.5-m circular outdoor pools for 45 min while the occurrence and sequence of courtship behaviors and pairing outcomes were recorded. these results were then compared with tr ...	1999	28296500
behavioral physiology of four crab species in low salinity.	reports focusing on the behavioral responses of crabs to exposure to low salinity have involved choice chamber experiments or quantification of changes in activity. in addition to describing changes in locomotor activity in four species of crabs of differing osmoregulatory ability, the present study describes six behaviors: increased movement of the mouthparts, cleaning of the mouthparts with the chelae, cleaning of the antennae and antennules with the maxillipeds, flicking of the antennae, retr ...	1999	28296479
predator-prey relations between age-1+ summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus, linnaeus) and age-0 winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus, walbaum): predator diets, prey selection, and effects of sediments and macrophytes.	laboratory experiments and weekly trammel net surveys in the navesink river, new jersey (usa) were used to examine the predator-prey interaction between age-1+ summer flounder (paralichthys dentatus) and age-0 winter flounder (pseudopleuronectes americanus). winter flounder (24-67 mm tl) were the dominant piscine prey of summer flounder (n=95, 252-648 mm tl) collected in trammel nets. we observed a temporal shift in summer flounder diets from sand shrimp (crangon septemspinosa) and winter flound ...	2000	10958899
sustaining olfaction at low salinities: mapping ion flux associated with the olfactory sensilla of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	to test the hypothesis of a diffusion-generated, ionic/osmotic microenvironment within the olfactory sensilla (aesthetascs), flux gradients of ca(2+) and k(+) associated with the external surfaces of these sensilla were spatially mapped using self-referencing, ion-selective microelectrodes. blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) acclimated to low-salinity conditions (15% sea water and fresh water) showed a net efflux of ions from the aesthetascs. the region of maximum flux associated with each aesthet ...	2000	11003825
broad antiviral activity in tissues of crustaceans.	innate antiviral substances occur in vertebrates and may function as host defenses. virus infections are common among invertebrates, but little is known about the ability of invertebrates to control viral infections. pre-existing antiviral substances may be particularly important, since invertebrates lack the antiviral defense conferred by specific immunity. in our study, we found that tissue extracts of blue crab (callinectes sapidus), shrimp (penaeus setiferus), and crayfish (procambarus clark ...	2000	11080539
purification of vitellin from grass shrimp palaemonetes pugio, generation of monoclonal antibodies, and validation for the detection of lipovitellin in crustacea.	much effort has been put into developing vitellogenin antibodies against a wide variety of aquatic vertebrate species to study potential estrogen or anti-estrogen endocrine disrupters. little work has been done on endocrine disruption in aquatic invertebrates. although some antibodies have been produced against blue crab and penaeid shrimp lipovitellin, they have only poor cross-reactivity with the important estuarine grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio. vitellin was purified from eggs, monoclonal ...	2000	11083030
methodological and biological aspects to be considered in acetylcholinesterase reactivation assays using 2-pam.	kinetic and toxicological characteristics of fish (odontesthes argentinensis) and crab (callinectes sapidus) cholinesterases as well as methodological conditions to perform reactivation assays using pyridine 2-aldoxime (2-pam) were established. according to kinetic and eserine sensitivity data, both cholinesterases can be considered as acetylcholinesterases. the concentration of eserine that inhibited 50% of enzyme activity (ic(50)) was estimated as 15.9x10(-8) and 4.6x10(-8) m for crab and fish ...	2000	11137467
integrated physiological responses to feeding in the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	the passage of a barium meal (15 % by mass) was followed through the digestive system of the blue crab callinectes sapidus by flash-freezing crabs at set intervals, followed by radiography of specimens. food moved from the oesophagus into the stomach region within 15 min. after 1-2 h, food was visible in the midgut, at 6 h it had reached the hindgut, and material was still present in the stomach at this time. the stomach was emptied between 8 and 10 h after feeding, and the entire digestive syst ...	2000	10607545
electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of zinc, cadmium, and copper metallothioneins: evidence for metal-binding cooperativity.	electrospray ionization (esi) mass spectra of both well-characterized and novel metallothioneins (mts) from various species were recorded to explore their metal-ion-binding modes and stoichiometries. the esi mass spectra of the zinc- and cadmium-binding mts showed a single main peak corresponding to metal-to-protein ratios of 4, 6, or 7. these findings combined with data obtained by other methods suggest that these mts bind zinc or cadmium in a single predominant form and are consistent with the ...	2000	10716192
epizootiology of the parasitic dinoflagellate hematodinium sp. in the american blue crab callinectes sapidus.	hematodinium sp. is a parasitic dinoflagellate that infects and kills blue crabs callinectes sapidus. periodic outbreaks of dinoflagellate infections with subsequent high host mortalities prompted a study of the epizootiology and distribution of the crab pathogen. hemolymph samples from over 13000 crabs were assessed for infections over 8 yr. moderate to high prevalences were found at several locations along the atlantic and gulf coasts of the united states. in the coastal bays of maryland and v ...	2000	11145454
reproductive ecology of the blue crab, callinectes danae smith, 1869 in the conceição lagoon system, santa catarina isle, brazil.	abundance of ovigerous females, size of the first gonadal maturation and the possible migration, route of the blue crab callinectes danae from the conceição lagoon system, santa catarina isle, brazil, are described. this lagoon is connected with the coastal area through a canal. a total of 1,124 crabs was caught during a 19 month sampling period. the reproduction and recruitment of juveniles occurred all year-round, with two peaks of abundance (february and september), correlated with the presen ...	2000	10838920
polychlorinated naphthalenes in soil, sediment, and biota collected near a former chloralkali plant in coastal georgia, usa.	concentrations of total polychlorinated naphthalenes (pcns) as high as 23 micrograms/g, dry wt, were found in sediments contaminated by the disposal of wastes from chlor-alkali processes. concentrations of total pcns in blue crab, fish and birds were 3- to 5-orders of magnitude less than that in sediments. the profile of pcn congeners in biota was predominated by tetra- or penta-chloronaphthalenes, while hepta- and octa-chloronaphthalenes were dominant in sediments. the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenz ...	2000	10943435
expression of arginine kinase enzymatic activity and mrna in gills of the euryhaline crabs carcinus maenas and callinectes sapidus.	phosphagen kinases catalyze the reversible dephosphorylation of guanidino phosphagens such as phosphocreatine and phosphoarginine, contributing to the restoration of adenosine triphosphate concentrations in cells experiencing high and variable demands on their reserves of high-energy phosphates. the major invertebrate phosphagen kinase, arginine kinase, is expressed in the gills of two species of euryhaline crabs, the blue crab callinectes sapidus and the shore crab carcinus maenas, in which ene ...	2000	10903154
crab stomach pyloric muscles display not only excitatory but inhibitory and neuromodulatory nerve terminals.	movements of the foregut in crustaceans are produced by striated muscles that are innervated by motor neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (stg). firing of the stg motor neurons generates excitatory junctional potentials (ejps) in the stomach muscles. we now provide evidence for the existence of separate inhibitory and neuromodulatory innervations of some pyloric muscles in the foregut of several crabs, callinectes sapidus, cancer magister, and cancer borealis. electron microscopic examination ...	2000	10940943
sustaining olfaction at low salinities: evidence for a paracellular route of ion movement from the hemolymph to the sensillar lymph in the olfactory sensilla of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	evidence reported previously suggests that in low-salinity conditions the integrity of the olfactory dendrites of the blue crab is sustained by a diffusion-generated ionic microenvironment within the aesthetascs. diffusion of ions from the hemolymph to the sensillar lymph is proposed to maintain this microenvironment. in this study, using lanthanum as an electron-dense marker of extracellular fluid space, we find morphological evidence for paracellular continuity between the hemolymph and the se ...	2000	10994788
trophic accumulation and depuration of mercury by blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) and pink shrimp (penaeus duorarum).	mercury concentrations in blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) collected from an area of mercury-contaminated sediments in lavaca bay, tx, usa, are more than an order of magnitude greater than concentrations in penaeid shrimp from the same area. laboratory feeding experiments using mercury-contaminated fish as food showed that both blue crabs and pink shrimp (penaeus duorarum) could accumulate mercury concentrations comparable to those in their food in 28 days. calculated mercury assimilation effici ...	2000	11285721
cloning and sequencing of cdnas encoding for a novel copper-specific metallothionein and two cadmium-inducible metallothioneins from the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	metallothioneins (mts) are cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins found in micro-organisms, plants and all invertebrate and vertebrate animals. unicellular eukaryotes such as yeast have a copper-mt whose synthesis is induced by a copper-activated transcription factor. most higher organisms have two major cadmium/zinc mt isoforms, whose synthesis is controlled by a zinc-activated transcription factor. the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, has two cadmium-inducible isoforms, cdmt-i and cdmt-ii, and a ...	2000	11790353
glycosidase activity in the post-ecdysial cuticle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	we have previously demonstrated a marked change in sugar moieties of glycoproteins of the cuticle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, between 0.5 and 3 h post-ecdysis. the present study has identified a glycosidase that appears in the cuticle during the early post-ecdysial hours. the enzyme has affinities for p-nitrophenyl derivatives of both n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylgalactosamine. both activities are competitively inhibited by chitobiose, suggesting that the enzyme could be a n-acetyl ...	2001	11290450
effects of exogenous n-acetylhexosaminidase on the structure and mineralization of the post-ecdysial exoskeleton of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	a cuticular glycosidase with characteristics of n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (hexnacase) was identified in post-ecdysial crab cuticle. its appearance coincided with changes in cuticular glycoproteins and the onset of mineralization. to test if hexnacase might be the causative agent in the alteration of the glycans and initiation of calcification, newly molted crab cuticle was treated with exogenous hexnacase. treating cuticular extracts from crabs at 0 h post-ecdysis with exogenous hexnacase m ...	2001	11290451
early carbonic anhydrase induction in the gills of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, during low salinity acclimation is independent of ornithine decarboxylase activity.	carbonic anhydrase (ca) induction in the gills of the euryhaline blue crab, callinectes sapidus, was measured in response to lowered environmental salinity. simultaneous measurements of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) activity were made in gills and nonbranchial tissues to determine whether odc activity and the resultant synthesis of polyamines played a role in the initiation and regulation of ca induction. ca induction in the seventh gill pair (g7) was proportional to the decrease in ambient sali ...	2001	11351322
exposure assessment of dioxins/furans consumed in dairy foods and fish.	dioxins/furans are ubiquitous environmental contaminants whose primary route of human exposure occurs via the consumption of fatty foods of animal origin. the us fda conducted a market basket survey of dairy products and commercial fish and shellfish to obtain data on levels of 17 dioxin/furan congeners (2, 3, 7, 8-congeners) in the us. the dairy products sampled included various cheeses (american, cheddar, swiss, cottage), ice cream, yogurt, butter, and milk. the finfish and shellfish (molluscs ...	2001	11358181
quadrupole ion storage tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry: complementary application in the measurement of 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in us foods.	the us food and drug administration has simultaneously utilized both high-resolution mass spectrometry (hrms) and quadrupole ion storage tandem mass spectrometry (qistms) in the measurement of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) in 147 food samples collected in 1998 and 1999 in the us. in 1998, 20 egg samples, six scallop, 10 blue crab, eight american lobster, 10 pollack, 15 striped bass, five rockfish, 10 crawfish, seven aqua-cultured and 13 wild-caught salmon, along with ...	2001	11372820
carbonic anhydrase isozyme distribution and characterization in metabolic fiber types of the dorsal levator muscle of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	carbonic anhydrase (ca) distribution and characterization were examined in white and light pink fibers of the dorsal levator muscle of the blue crab. white fibers were structurally and metabolically characterized as fast twitch glycolytic, while the light pink fibers were fast oxidative. all subcellular fractions of both fiber types had significant levels of ca activity; cytoplasmic and microsomal activity was significantly higher in light pink vs white fibers. cytoplasmic ca from both fiber typ ...	2001	11479903
flux of heavy metal accumulation in various organs of the intertidal marine blue crab, portunus pelagicus (l.) from the kuwait coast after the gulf war.	the metal levels of arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, selenium, vanadium, and zinc concentrations were determined in various body organs, viz., hepatopancreas, gills, gonad, gastric stomach, and muscle of the blue crab, portunus pelagicus (crustacea: decapoda) to assess the bioaccumulation of metals associated with petroleum input a decade after the 1991 gulf war oil spillage. sample solutions prepared were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry. high concentr ...	2001	11686643
identification and ultrastructural characterization of a novel virus from fish.	during routine investigations on fish, a virus (isolate df 24/00) with novel morphological features and hitherto undescribed morphogenesis was isolated from a white bream (blicca bjoerkna l.; teleostei, order cypriniformes). cell-free virions consist of a rod-shaped nucleocapsid (120-150x19-22 nm) similar to that seen in baculoviruses. the virion has a bacilliform shape (170-200x75-88 nm) reminiscent of rhabdoviruses with an envelope containing coronavirus-like spikes (20-25 nm). df 24/00 replic ...	2001	11714959
novel subcellular and molecular tools to study ca(2+) transport mechanisms during the elusive moulting stages of crustaceans: flow cytometry and polyclonal antibodies.	our understanding of calcium homeostasis during the crustacean moulting cycle derives from research on intermoult animals that has been extrapolated to other stages. in terms of transepithelial ca(2+) flux, the more interesting stages are those surrounding ecdysis since crustaceans experience a sizeable negative calcium balance in immediate premoult and a significant positive calcium balance in immediate postmoult. these stages are elusive in the sense that larger species such as lobsters are ra ...	2001	11171419
factors influencing planktonic, post-settlement dispersal of early juvenile blue crabs (callinectes sapidus rathbun).	an emerging body of literature points to post-settlement, planktonic dispersal as a key determinant of distribution and abundance patterns of aquatic organisms, yet little is known about mechanisms inducing such dispersal. recent evidence suggests that early juvenile blue crabs (callinectes sapidus rathbun) may use planktonic emigration as a means of post-settlement dispersal. the goal of this study was to identify mechanisms inducing post-settlement, planktonic dispersal of early juvenile blue ...	2001	11245875
effects of periodic hypoxia on mortality, feeding and predation in an estuarine epifaunal community.	the york river estuary, a tributary of the chesapeake bay, usa, experiences periodic low oxygen stress (hypoxia), yet epifaunal species form dense communities there. we studied hypoxia tolerance of common epifaunal species in the york river by exposing sessile and mobile epifauna to high and low oxygen concentrations in laboratory aquaria. mortality in hypoxia varied among species, ranging from 0% to 100%, with trends of decreased tolerance by mobile species relative to sessile species. while mo ...	2001	11278013
effects of anabaena spiroides (cyanobacteria) aqueous extracts on the acetylcholinesterase activity of aquatic species.	the effects of aqueous extracts from a cyanobacteria species, anabaena spiroides, on fish (odontesthes argentinensis), crab (callinectes sapidus), and purified eel acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity were studied. in vitro concentrations of a. spiroides aqueous extract that inhibited 50% of enzyme activity (ic50) were 23.0, 17.2, and 45.0 mg/l of lyophilized cyanobacteria for eel, fish, and crab ache, respectively. eel ache inhibition follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, the same expected for o ...	2001	11392132
na(+)+k(+)-atpase in gills of the blue crab callinectes sapidus: cdna sequencing and salinity-related expression of alpha-subunit mrna and protein.	many studies have shown that hyperosmoregulation in euryhaline crabs is accompanied by enhanced na(+)+k(+)-atpase activity in the posterior gills, but it remains unclear whether the response is due to regulation of pre-existing enzyme or to increased gene transcription and mrna translation. to address this question, the complete open reading frame and 3' and 5' untranslated regions of the mrna coding for the alpha-subunit of na(+)+k(+)-atpase from the blue crab callinectes sapidus were amplified ...	2001	11807118
sequencing and amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribonucleotide reductase large subunit gene of the white spot syndrome virus in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) from american coastal waters.	in the present study, the existence of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) in blue crab (callinectes sapidus) collected from 3 different american coastal waters (new york, new jersey, and texas) was confirmed by 2-step diagnostic polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analysis. when geographic isolates were also compared using a gene that encodes the wssv ribonucleotide reductase large subunit rr1 (wssv rr1), a c(1661)-to-t point mutation was found in the new jersey wssv isolated. this ...	2001	14961379
molt-inhibiting hormone immunoreactive neurons in the eyestalk neuroendocrine system of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the production of ecdysteroid molting hormones by crustacean y-organs is negatively regulated by a neuropeptide, molt-inhibiting hormone. it is generally agreed that molt-inhibiting hormone is produced and released by the eyestalk neuroendocrine system. in the present study, immunocytochemical methods were used to detect molt-inhibiting hormone immunoreactive neurons in eyestalk ganglia of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the primary antiserum used was generated against molt-inhibiting hormon ...	2001	18088946
mercury accumulation and flux across the gills and the intestine of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus).	this paper details the results of perfusion experiments examining the accumulation of inorganic and methylmercury (hg and mmhg) into the gill and intestine tissue of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. additionally, the flux across the tissue to an internal medium, representative of crab tissue or haemolymph, during the perfusion was also measured. the accumulation and transfer processes were studied for each form by exposing the organs to a wide range of hg and mmhg water concentrations, as wel ...	2002	11856578
development of an 18s rrna gene-targeted pcr-based diagnostic for the blue crab parasite hematodinium sp..	the 18s rrna gene from hematodinum sp., a parasitic dinoflagellate that infects blue crabs, was amplified, cloned, and sequenced. the sequence showed a high similarity (95% at the nucleotide level) to sequences obtained from other dinoflagellate species, including both free-living and symbiotic species. sequence similarity was much lower when compared with parasites of other marine invertebrates with similar life histories and with the 18s rrna gene from the blue crab. based on comparison of seq ...	2002	12093043
cardiovascular system of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	the circulatory system of adult blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, was mapped by either injecting barium sulfate into intact animals followed by radiography or by resin corrosion casts (batsons monomer). seven arteries arise from the heart. the anterior aorta exits from the anterior dorsal surface of the heart and gives rise to the optic arteries; these arteries supply hemolymph to the supraesophageal ganglion and eyestalks. the paired anterolateral arteries also exit from the anterior dorsal surf ...	2002	11746465
effect of ligands and other metals on the uptake of mercury and methylmercury across the gills and the intestine of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus).	using the perfusion method, we compared the accumulation and flux of inorganic mercury (hg) and methylmercury (ch(3)hg) across the gills and intestine of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the accumulation and transfer processes were studied for each form by exposing the organs in the presence of specific ligands and other metals. while binding of hg and ch(3)hg to organic ligands reduced the rate of uptake in most instances, the differences in accumulation could not be explained only in terms ...	2002	11879786
toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether to marine organisms: ambient water quality criteria calculation.	in response to increasing concerns over the detection of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) in groundwater and surface water and its potential effects in aquatic ecosystems, industry and the united states environmental protection agency (usepa) began to collaborate in 1997 to develop aquatic toxicity databases sufficient to derive ambient water quality criteria for mtbe consistent with usepa requirements. acute toxicity data for seven marine species, chronic toxicity data for an invertebrate, and pl ...	2002	11996128
a trophic cascade regulates salt marsh primary production.	nutrient supply is widely thought to regulate primary production of many ecosystems including salt marshes. however, experimental manipulation of the dominant marsh grazer (the periwinkle, littoraria irrorata) and its consumers (e.g., blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, terrapins, malaclemys terrapin) demonstrates plant biomass and production are largely controlled by grazers and their predators. periwinkle grazing can convert one of the most productive grasslands in the world into a barren mudflat ...	2002	12149475
expression of crustacean (callinectes sapidus) molt-inhibiting hormone in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus.	molt-inhibiting hormone (mih) negatively regulates the synthesis of ecdysteroid molting hormones by crustacean y-organs. we report here the expression of blue crab (callinectes sapidus) mih in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus. insect sf9 cells were transfected with recombinant baculovirus containing a dna insert encoding the c. sapidus mih prohormone (signal sequence plus mature hormone). the construct was designed to yield a mature, fully processed recombinant mih (recmih). several ba ...	2002	11754021
role of a copper-specific metallothionein of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, in copper metabolism associated with degradation and synthesis of hemocyanin.	we have identified three mt encoding genes in the blue crab: mt-i, inducible by cadmium, zinc and copper; mt-ii, inducible by cadmium and zinc; and mt-iii, inducible by copper only [syring et al., comp. biochem. physiol. c, 125 (2000) 325-332]. to examine the role of the cumt-i and cumt-iii isoforms in copper metabolism associated with the synthesis and degradation of the oxygen-binding copper protein, hemocyanin, we (1) cloned and sequenced hemocyanin cdna, (2) examined interaction of the cumts ...	2002	11803044
osmotic effects on arginine kinase function in living muscle of the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	flux was examined through the reaction catalyzed by arginine kinase in intact blue crab (callinectes sapidus) muscle during simulated changes in salinity. isolated dark levator muscles from the swimming leg were superfused with a saline solution that had an osmolarity equivalent to that of the hemolymph under different salinity regimes. animals were acclimated for 7 days to a salinity of 5, 17 or 35 per thousand, which corresponds to a hemolymph osmolarity of 640, 720 or 960 mosmoll(-1), respect ...	2002	12042336
antipeptide antibodies for detecting crab (callinectes sapidus) molt-inhibiting hormone.	in crustaceans, the synthesis of ecdysteroid molting hormones is regulated by molt-inhibiting hormone (mih), a neuropeptide produced by an eyestalk neuroendocrine system, the x-organ/sinus gland complex. using sequence analysis software, two regions of the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) mih peptide were selected for antibody production. two 14-mer peptides were commercially synthesized and used to generate polyclonal antisera. western blot analysis revealed that each antiserum bound to proteins ...	2002	12084515
behavioral observations and computer simulations of blue crab movement to a chemical source in a controlled turbulent flow.	the behavior of crabs tracking odor in turbulent chemical plumes was compared to the performance of computer simulations of search behavior operating in similar chemical signal environments. the movement of blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) towards a source of food odor was studied in controlled flow conditions in a flume. the evolving chemical stimulus field of a similar chemical source in an equivalent flow environment was captured by recording concentration patterns of a fluorescent tracer. hy ...	2002	12324548
the genomic organization of the open reading frame of the red pigment concentrating hormone gene in the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	the open reading frame (orf) of the gene for the precursor of the octapeptide red pigment concentrating hormone (rpch) from the blue crab callinectes sapidus was cloned by pcr with oligonucleotides targeted to the initiation and the end of the translation coding sequences. a 272 bp intron was characterized between nucleotides 343 and 344 of the reported cdna, present in the region coding for the last amino acids of the precursor related peptide of rpch. the intron genomic structure here describe ...	2002	11897398
orientation of the fiddler crab, uca cumulanta: responses to chemical and visual cues.	behavioral responses of the fiddler crab uca cumulanta to flat geometric shapes mimicking natural objects were measured in a circular arena by using zonal recovery as a behavioral measurement. crabs were tested either in presence or absence of odors from two common predator species, the blue crab callinectes sapidus, and the pufferfish sphoeroides testudineus. the study tested the hypothesis that u. cumulanta have different behavioral responses to visual cues in the presence of chemical cues ass ...	2002	12449506
inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the gills of two euryhaline crabs, callinectes sapidus and carcinus maenas, by heavy metals.	two subcellular fractions of gill tissue, cytoplasm and basolateral membranes, from two species of euryhaline decapod crustaceans, callinectes sapidus and carcinus maenas, acclimated to low salinity, were isolated via differential centrifugation. carbonic anhydrase activity from both fractions was titrated against a variety of heavy metals in vitro. the metals ag(+), cd(2+), cu(2+) and zn(+) showed inhibitory action against the enzyme. ki values for these metals against cytoplasmic ca from c. sa ...	2002	12458188
mitochondrial distribution and glycogen dynamics suggest diffusion constraints in muscle fibers of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the scaling of mitochondrial distribution, citrate synthase activity, and post-contractile glycogen recovery was examined in muscle fibers of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. the fast-twitch muscle fibers of c. sapidus can reach extremely large dimensions, which may impose constraints on aerobic metabolic processes. however, muscle cells from small crabs are not giant, meaning that during development muscle fibers cross and greatly exceed the surface area to volume (sav) and diffusion thresho ...	2003	12911109
formation of the arthrodial membrane in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	in this study the pattern of arthrodial membrane deposition in callinectes sapidus was determined by histological and ultrastructural examination of tissues from the carpus joint of the cheliped collected during premolt, ecdysis, postmolt, and intermolt. apolysis in the arthrodial membrane occurs at stage d(0) and is synchronous with apolysis of the calcified cuticle. epicuticle formation begins at early stage d(1) and is completed in late stage d(1). procuticle deposition starts at d(2) and con ...	2003	12655609
fluid mechanics produces conflicting, constraints during olfactory navigation of blue crabs, callinectes sapidus.	foraging blue crabs must respond to fluid forces imposed on their body while acquiring useful chemical signals from turbulent odor plumes. this study examines how blue crabs manage these simultaneous demands. the drag force, and hence the cost of locomotion, experienced by blue crabs is shown to be a function of the body orientation angle relative to the flow. rather than adopting a fixed orientation that minimizes the drag, blue crabs decrease their relative angle (increase drag) when odor is p ...	2003	12456707
fish tissue quality in the lower mississippi river and health risks from fish consumption.	between 1990 and 1994, samples of three shellfish species (i.e. blue crab, callinectes sapidus;crayfish, procambarus acutis; and river shrimp, macrobrachium ohionii) and 16 fish species and were collected at six sites along the lower mississippi river by the louisiana department of environmental quality, office of water resources in coordination with the us environmental protection agency. the fish species included: bigmouth buffalo (ictiobus cyanellus); blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus); carp ( ...	2003	12526903
synthesis of a high-density lipoprotein in the developing blue crab (callinectes sapidus).	an important lipoprotein in the hemolymph of crustaceans is lpi. it transports lipid to peripheral tissues and also has a role in crustacean immune recognition. we employed a monoclonal antibody specific for the lpi peptide to demonstrate by elisa, western blot and immunohistochemistry the appearance of lpi during development of callinectes sapidus, the blue crab. lpi was first found in stage 5 embryos and appeared to be synthesized by lateral basophilic cuboidal cells that demonstrated cytoplas ...	2003	12588744
gill (na+,k+)-atpase from the blue crab callinectes danae: modulation of k+-phosphatase activity by potassium and ammonium ions.	the kinetic properties of a microsomal gill (na(+),k(+))-atpase from the blue crab callinectes danae were analyzed using the substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate. the (na(+),k(+))-atpase hydrolyzed pnpp obeying cooperative kinetics (n=1.5) at a rate of v=125.4+/-7.5 u mg(-1) with k(0.5)=1.2+/-0.1 mmol l(-1); stimulation by potassium (v=121.0+/-6.1 u mg(-1); k(0.5)=2.1+/-0.1 mmol l(-1)) and magnesium ions (v=125.3+/-6.3 u mg(-1); k(0.5)=1.0+/-0.1 mmol l(-1)) was cooperative. ammonium ions also stimul ...	2003	12670789
scaling of gill metabolic potential as a function of salinity in the euryhaline crab, callinectes sapidus rathbun.	the body-size scaling pattern of enzymes that are important in energy metabolism was examined in gills of the blue crab as a function of acclimation salinity. we hypothesized that the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio of small crabs would impose a greater metabolic cost for hyperosmoregulation, leading to an increase in the capacity for atp production in gills. postmetamorphic crabs spanning a 2,500-fold range in body mass were examined following a 7-d exposure to a salinity of 35, 17, or 5 pp ...	2003	12695991
the presence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of human-pathogen vibrio spp. isolated from blue crab (callinectes sapidus) in belek tourism coast, turkey.	monitoring of vibrio species by blue crabs (callinectes sapidus) was carried out during the winter period in a selected area of the belek, antalya gulf. eighty-three blue crabs were examined for vibrio species. v. alginolyticus (30.1%), v. fluvialis (10.8%), v. damsela (9.6%), v. harveyi (3.6%), v. metschnikovii (3.6%) and v. vulnificus (2.4%) were isolated. v. vulnificus was the highest concentration (5 x 10(8) vibrio ml(-1)) although it was only 2.4% isolated from blue crabs. the strains of di ...	2003	12745351
the effects of rapid salinity change on in vivo arginine kinase flux in the juvenile blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the effect of acclimation salinity and salinity changes on the concentration of high-energy phosphate metabolites and arginine kinase (ak) flux was examined in vivo in juvenile blue crabs using 31p-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). crabs were acclimated for 7 days to a salinity of 5 or 35 per thousand and then placed in a flow apparatus that could sustain the animals while nmr spectra were acquired. crabs were subjected to either hyperosmotic salinity changes, where an animal acclimated to 5 per ...	2003	12831772
replacement of a cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase by a novel cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase in crustaceans that use copper (haemocyanin) for oxygen transport.	the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, which uses the copper-dependent protein haemocyanin for oxygen transport, lacks the ubiquitous cytosolic copper-dependent enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu,znsod) as evidenced by undetectable levels of cu,znsod activity, protein and mrna in the hepatopancreas (the site of haemocyanin synthesis) and gills. instead, the crab has an unusual cytosolic manganese sod (cytmnsod), which is retained in the cytosol, because it lacks a mitochondrial transit pep ...	2003	12769817
coastal seas as a context for science teaching: a lesson from chesapeake bay.	lessons that employ authentic environmental data can enhance the ability of students to understand fundamental science concepts. this differs from traditional "environmental education" in that school curricula need not set aside time for educators to teach only environmental topics. rather, the "environment" is used to advance student learning in science and technology. the success of this approach depends on programs that encourage scientists to communicate more effectively with teachers at all ...	2003	12787628
structural basis for salinity-induced alteration in oxygen binding by haemocyanin from the estuarine amphipod chaetogammarus marinus (l.).	in the estuarine amphipod chaetogammarus marinus, differences in o(2) binding by haemocyanins (hc) could be related to natural and salinity-related quantitative variation in just one polypeptide subunit (band 2) and not to variations in any of the other seven bands present. band 2 was always present, irrespective of salinity treatment, and naturally makes up 6%-36% of the total hc. however, low salinity exposure (s=4 per thousand for 48-49 h, t=15 degrees c) was accompanied by an increase in the ...	2003	14988799
the lipid composition of hypodermal membranes from the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) changes during the molt cycle and alters hypodermal calcium permeability.	crustaceans are covered by a cuticle that does not grow. in order for an individual to grow, the cuticle must periodically be shed (ecdysis). replacement of the old cuticle with a new one depends on processes that require precise timing and control, yet the nature and location of these controls remain unclear. a candidate site for them is within the hypodermal microvilli. these cellular structures extend through pore canals deep into the acellular cuticular matrix. changes in the lipid compositi ...	2004	14990220
environmentally-controlled, density-dependent secondary dispersal in a local estuarine crab population.	the mechanisms driving the pelagic secondary dispersal of aquatic organisms following initial settlement to benthic habitats are poorly characterized. we examined the physical environmental (wind, diel cycle, tidal phase) and biological (ontogenetic, density-dependent) factors that contribute to the secondary dispersal of a benthic marine invertebrate, the blue crab (callinectes sapidus) in pamlico sound, nc, usa. field studies conducted in relatively large (0.05 km2) seagrass beds determined th ...	2004	15146323
effects of hypoxia on gene and protein expression in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	increases in hypoxic conditions are one of the major factors responsible for declines in estuarine habitat quality, yet to date there are no indicators for recognizing populations of estuarine organisms that are suffering from chronic hypoxic stress. here we test the hypothesis that alterations in gene and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes and other stress-specific proteins can be used as molecular indicators of hypoxic stress. blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, were exposed to 2-3 ppm do ...	2004	15178114
purification of a soluble glycoprotein from the uncalcified ecdysial cuticle of the blue crab callinectes sapidus and its possible role in initial mineralization.	a heavily glycosylated soluble protein was purified using a combination of lectin affinity and size exclusion chromatography from a soluble extract of uncalcified dorsal cuticle of blue crab callinectes sapidus removed at ecdysis. similarities in apparent molecular mass and carbohydrate composition suggest that this protein is the same species previously shown to disappear from soluble extracts coincidentally with the onset of mineral deposition in the newly exposed post-molt cuticle. the amino ...	2004	15201291
haemolymph parasite of the shore crab carcinus maenas: pathology, ultrastructure and observations on crustacean haplosporidians.	a protozoan parasite with some features of haplosporidians is described from the european shore crab carcinus maenas. the parasite establishes a systemic infection through the haemal sinuses and connective tissues. intracellular stages of the parasite were found within reserve inclusion, connective tissue, and muscle cells, while free forms were present in all haemal spaces. a uninucleate stage appeared to develop to a multinucleate plasmodial stage following multiple mitotic divisions of the nu ...	2004	15212293
modulation of an integrated central pattern generator-effector system: dopaminergic regulation of cardiac activity in the blue crab callinectes sapidus.	theoretical studies have suggested that the output of a central pattern generator (cpg) must be matched to the properties of its peripheral effector system to ensure production of functional behavior. one way that such matching could be achieved is through coordinated central and peripheral modulation. in this study, morphological and physiological methods were used to examine the sources and actions of dopaminergic modulation in the cardiac system of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. immunohi ...	2004	15295014
ecological risk assessment of neem-based pesticides.	a tiered process was used to evaluate the risks of pure azadirachtin (aza) and two neem-based insecticides (neemix and bioneem) on six aquatic animals [crayfish (procambarus clarkii), white shrimp (penaeus setiferus), grass shrimp (palaemonetes pugio), blue crabs (callinectes sapidus), water fleas (daphnia pulex), and mosquito larvae (culex quinquefasciatus)] through short term acute toxicity tests. the risk was calculated using the level of concern endpoints (q values) and relative hazard index ...	2004	15132337
exuviotrophic apostome ciliates from crustaceans of st. andrew bay, florida, and a description of gymnodinioides kozloffi n. sp.	gymnodinioides kozloffi n. sp. is described from the eelgrass broken-back shrimp hippolyte zostericola. the species is distinct from others in the apostome genus gymnodinioides in that the trophont ciliature has a small group of kinetosomes located to the right of kinety 9a, and kinety 1 and 2 are divided. other apostome morphologies are described from many decapod crustaceans from st. andrew bay, florida, including gymnodinioides inkystans, hyalophysa chattoni, and variants of both h. chattoni ...	2004	15666721
effects of hypercapnic hypoxia on the clearance of vibrio campbellii in the atlantic blue crab, callinectes sapidus rathbun.	callinectes sapidus, the atlantic blue crab, encounters hypoxia, hypercapnia (elevated co(2)), and bacterial pathogens in its natural environment. we tested the hypothesis that acute exposure to hypercapnic hypoxia (hh) alters the crab's ability to clear a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio campbellii 90-69b3, from the hemolymph. adult male crabs were held in normoxia (well-aerated seawater) or hh (seawater with po(2) = 4 kpa; pco(2) = 1.8 kpa; and ph = 6.7-7.1) and were injected with 2.5 x 10(4) vibr ...	2004	15198944
metabolic influences of fiber size in aerobic and anaerobic locomotor muscles of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	diameters of some white locomotor muscle fibers in the adult blue crab, callinectes sapidus, exceed 500 microm whereas juvenile white fibers are <100 microm. it was hypothesized that aerobically dependent processes, such as metabolic recovery following burst contractions, will be significantly impeded in the large white fibers. in addition, dark aerobic fibers of adults, which rely on aerobic metabolism for both contraction and recovery, grow as large as the white fibers. these large aerobic fib ...	2004	15498950
effects of odor flux and pulse rate on chemosensory tracking in turbulent odor plumes by the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the ability of animals to track through chemical plumes is often related to properties of evanescent odor bursts and to small-scale mixing process that determine burst properties. however, odor plumes contain variation over a range of scales, and little is known about how variation in the properties of the odor signal on the scale of one to several seconds affects foraging performance. we examined how flux and pulse rate interact to modulate the search behavior of blue crabs, callinectes sapidus ...	2004	15315942
evaluation of a florida coastal golf complex as a local and watershed source of bioavailable contaminants.	contaminant fate in coastal areas impacted by golf course runoff is not well understood. this report summarizes trace metal, pesticide and pcb residues for colonized periphyton, ruppia maritima (widgeon grass), callinectes sapidus rathbun (blue crabs) and crassostrea virginica gemlin (eastern oyster) collected from areas adjacent to a florida golf course complex which receive runoff containing reclaimed municipal wastewater. concentrations of 19 chlorinated pesticides and 18 pcb congeners were u ...	2004	14972577
early pattern of calcification in the dorsal carapace of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	the pattern of calcium carbonate deposition was observed in the dorsal carapace of premolt (d2-d3) and early postmolt (0-48 h) blue crabs, callinectes sapidus, using scanning (sem) and transmission (tem) electron microscopy. samples of dorsal carapace for sem were quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen, subsequently lyophilized, and viewed using secondary and backscattered electrons as well as x-ray maps of calcium. pieces of lyophilized cuticle were also embedded in epoxy resin and subsequently sectio ...	2005	15688443
incremental ecological exposure risks from contaminated sediments in an urban estuarine river.	estuaries in urban regions present unique environmental management challenges. ecosystems in urban estuaries are typically impacted by habitat loss and degradation, watershed modification, and nonpoint and point sources of many chemicals. restoring such systems requires an understanding of the relative contribution of various stressors to overall ecological conditions and an understanding of shifting patterns of stress over time. in this article, we present the results of a multiparameter enviro ...	2005	16639904
k+-phosphatase activity of gill (na+, k+)-atpase from the blue crab, callinectes danae: low-salinity acclimation and expression of the alpha-subunit.	the kinetic properties of a microsomal gill (na(+), k(+)) atpase from the blue crab, callinectes danae, acclimated to 15 per thousand salinity for 10 days, were analyzed using the substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate. the (na(+), k(+))-atpase hydrolyzed the substrate obeying michaelian kinetics at a rate of v=102.9+/-4.3 u.mg(-1) with k(0.5)=1.7+/-0.1 mmol.l(-1), while stimulation by magnesium (v=93.7+/-2.3 u.mg(-1); k(0.5)=1.40+/-0.03 mmol.l(-1)) and potassium ions (v=94.9+/-3.5 u.mg(-1); k(0.5)=2. ...	2005	15776418
isolation and structure elucidation of feeding deterrent diterpenoids from the sea pansy, renilla reniformis.	four new briarane diterpenoids, renillins a-d (1-4), and the known compound renillafoulin c (5) were isolated from the sea pansy, renilla reniformis. the structures and relative stereochemistry were elucidated by the interpretation of spectroscopic data. using laboratory feeding assays, all compounds tested at natural concentrations significantly deterred feeding by the predatory lesser blue crab, callinectes similis, while renillins c (3) and d (4) also deterred feeding by the predatory mummich ...	2005	15844939
trimeric g proteins in crustacean (callinectes sapidus) y-organs: occurrence and functional link to protein synthesis.	crustacean y-organs produce ecdysteroid molting hormones. regulation of ecdysteroidogenesis appears to be complex, involving regulatory ligands (including but not limited to molt-inhibiting hormone, an eyestalk neurohormone) and the capacity of the y-organs to respond to those ligands. available data indicate cell signaling pathways involving camp, cgmp, or both may be involved in regulation of y-organ function. trimeric g proteins link receptor occupancy to regulation of intracellular camp leve ...	2005	15880757
four differentially expressed cdnas in callinectes sapidus containing the rebers-riddiford consensus sequence.	decapod crustaceans such as callinectes sapidus, the blue crab, provide unique opportunities to study proteins involved in biomineralization. subsequent to each molt, the previously deposited soft cuticle is calcified while the postecdysial layers are simultaneously deposited and mineralized. though the majority of the exoskeleton hardens, morphologically similar cuticle at the joints, called arthrodial membrane, remains flexible. it seems reasonable that hypodermal cells producing these cuticle ...	2005	15939643
does intracellular metabolite diffusion limit post-contractile recovery in burst locomotor muscle?	post-metamorphic growth in the blue crab entails an increase in body mass that spans several orders of magnitude. the muscles that power burst swimming in these animals grow hypertrophically, such that small crabs have fiber diameters that are typical of most cells (<60 microm) while in adult animals the fibers are giant (>600 microm). thus, as the animals grow, their muscle fibers cross and greatly exceed the surface area to volume ratio (sa:v) and intracellular diffusion distance threshold tha ...	2005	16000534
a comparison of different processing methods for picked blue crab (callinectes sapidus).	five methods for producing picked crab meat from cooked blue crab (callinectes sapidus) were evaluated for internal food temperatures and bacterial numbers at various process points. whole shell-on crabs, crab cores ("backed" crabs with carapace removed), and crab meat samples were analyzed for standard plate count, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus. for three of the processes, crabs were backed and washed a substantial time before picking; one of the ...	2005	15726982
expression of a serine proteinase homolog prophenoloxidase-activating factor from the blue crab, callinectes sapidus.	tanning, or sclerotization, of crustacean cuticle provides initial reinforcement by cross linking cuticular proteins attached to the cuticle chitin-fiber matrix. this process is catalyzed in part by phenoloxidase, which is under the control of a serine protease activation cascade. the cdna of a prophenoloxidase-activating factor (ppaf) was cloned and sequenced from the hypodermal tissue of the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. it codes for a serine proteinase homolog containing a single clip domai ...	2005	15763507
a review of the parasitic dinoflagellates hematodinium species and hematodinium-like infections in marine crustaceans.	parasitic dinoflagellates in the genus hematodinium are important parasites of marine crustacea. outbreaks of these parasites have damaged commercial stocks of norway lobster nephrops norvegicus, snow crab chionoecetes opilio, tanner crab c. bairdi, american blue crab callinectes sapidus, and velvet swimming crab necora puber. species of hematodinium can reach high enough levels to regulate their host populations, but mortalities are also centred on the unfished juveniles and females, hosts not ...	2005	16175968
phylogenetic position of the copepod-infesting parasite syndinium turbo (dinoflagellata, syndinea).	sequences were determined for the nuclear-encoded small subunit (ssu) rrna and 5.8s rrna genes as well as the internal transcribed spacers its1 and its2 of the parasitic dinoflagellate genus syndinium from two different marine copepod hosts. syndinium developed a multicellular plasmodium inside its host and at maturity free-swimming zoospores were released. syndinium plasmodia in the copepod paracalanus parvus produced zoospores of three different morphological types. however, full ssu rdna sequ ...	2005	16310746
the decapod crustacean circulatory system: a case that is neither open nor closed.	historically, the decapod crustacean circulatory system has been classed as open. however, recent work on the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, suggests the circulatory system may be more complex than previously described. corrosion casting techniques were refined and used to map the circulatory system of a variety of crab species (order: decapoda; family: cancridae) to determine if the complexity observed in the blue crab was present in other species. seven arteries arose from the single chambere ...	2005	15683568
gill microsomal (na+,k+)-atpase from the blue crab callinectes danae: interactions at cationic sites.	euryhaline crustaceans tolerate exposure to a wide range of dilute media, using compensatory, ion regulatory mechanisms. however, data on molecular interactions occurring at cationic sites on the crustacean gill (na+,k+)-atpase, a key enzyme in this hyperosmoregulatory process, are unavailable. we report that na+ binding at the activating site leads to cooperative, heterotropic interactions that are insensitive to k+. the binding of k+ ions to their high affinity sites displaces na+ ions from th ...	2005	16055367
the complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean squilla mantis.	animal mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the much larger nuclear genomes and have proven useful both for phylogenetic studies and for understanding genome evolution. within the phylum arthropoda the subphylum crustacea includes over 50,000 named species with immense variation in body plans and habitats, yet only 23 complete mitochondrial genomes are available from this subphylum.	2005	16091132
critical salinity, sensitivity, and commitment of salinity-mediated carbonic anhydrase induction in the gills of two euryhaline species of decapod crustaceans.	two euryhaline species of decapod crustaceans, carcinus maenas and callinectes sapidus, were subjected to a series of acute low-salinity challenges, and changes in carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity in the gills were monitored in order to characterize the nature of salinity-sensitive ca induction. ca activity is uniformly low in all gills of both species at high salinity, but at a critical salinity of 27 ppt, ca induction occurs in the posterior, ion-transporting gills, with ca activity approximat ...	2005	15612006