Publications

[the comparison of properties of alpha-amylase from the third and fourth stage of anisakis simplex larvae].	alpha-amylase is present in the third (l3) and in the fourth-stage (l4) of larvae from anisakis simplex. the enzymes from both sources differ in some of their properties. alpha-amylase from l3 showed a maximum at ph 7.8, enzyme from l4 stage at ph 6.5. the alpha-amylase from l3 was mainly lysosomal enzyme. the enzyme from l4 was located in the microsomal fraction. the l3 alpha-amylase showed the inhibition by edta and by -sh reagent iodoacetic acid. these agents did not change the activity of l4 ...	2001	16894742
allozyme and pcr-rflp markers in anisakid nematodes, aethiological agents of human anisakidosis.	in the framework of the researches granted by murst cofin97, studies on anisakid nematodes, aethiological agents of human anisakidosis, were carried out. the project was aimed to implement the knowledge on the systematics, genetics, ecology and epizootiology of species of the genera anisakis and pseudoterranova by applying genetic markers obtained from multilocus allozyme electrophoresis and from pcr-based techniques. the results obtained by allozyme studies allowed to extend the geographic dist ...	2001	12078474
conjunctival provocation tests in the diagnosis of anisakis simplex hypersensitivity.	the prevalence of positive skin tests to anisakis simplex is high compared with the low incidence of true gastroallergic anisakiasis. there is little information about the prevalence of positive conjunctival tests in a. simplex-sensitized individuals. this study assesses the predictive value of conjunctival provocation test in two groups of a. simplex-sensitized subjects and negative controls.	2002	12109527
acute allergic reactions to anisakis simplex after ingestion of anchovies.	anisakis simplex is a seafish nematode, which is responsible for the well-known human infection (anisakiasis) and can induce ige-mediated reactions. ige sensitization to anisakis simplex can be frequent in particular countries and should be suspected in patients with acute allergic symptoms after ingestion of fish. the etiological role of anisakis simplex was evaluated in 49 adult subjects with acute allergic symptoms after ingestion of anchovies. serum-specific ige and prick tests to anchovy we ...	2002	12125940
specific ige determination to ani s 1, a major allergen from anisakis simplex, is a useful tool for diagnosis.	the most serious limitation of the serodiagnosis of parasitoses is the occurrence of cross-reactions.	2002	12141725
type i and type iv sensitization to anisakis simplex in 2 patients with hand eczema.		2002	12190630
[allergy to anisakis simplex].	anisakis simplex is a nematode which infects marine fish. it requires marine mammals for its development. the larvae are found in fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods which are intermediate hosts. the parasite can be ingested by man -mainly with raw fishes- and induces an infestation called anisakiasis or anisakidosis with digestive tract symptoms. since 1990, we have known that the parasite can also induce allergic symptoms such urticaria.	2002	12389449
the nematode anisakis simplex in american shad (alosa sapidissima) in two oregon rivers.	this paper represents the first report of the nematode anisakis simplex in the american shad (alosa sapidissima) in its introduced range in the american pacific northwest. all the adult shad sampled from spawning populations in the willamette (n = 9) and umpqua (n = 12) rivers were infected with a. simplex with intensities ranging from 6 to 89 worms per fish. this preliminary investigation contrasts sharply with previous studies in the native range of american shad and confirms that this fish ma ...	2002	12435154
dietary recommendations for patients allergic to anisakis simplex.	anisakis simplex, a fish parasite, causes allergic urticaria, angioedema and anaphylactic shock through an ige-mediated hypersensitivity mechanism. consensus on the dietary recommendations that should be given to allergic patients is lacking. our objective was to evaluate the usefulness of different types of diets in preventing further reactions in patients allergic to a. simplex.	2002	12464163
digestive anisakiasis: clinical manifestations and diagnosis according to localization.	digestive anisakiasis is a parasitic disease whose clinical manifestations depend on the effect of anisakis simplex on the digestive tract wall. larvae are acquired by eating raw or poorly cooked fish. it is estimated that this entity is currently under-diagnosed, although publications are becoming increasingly common. we analyse our series of digestive anisakiasis checking localization and studying its relationship with symptoms and method of diagnosis.	2002	12486851
influence of anisakis simplex stage iii larvae upon the activity of proteases under in vitro conditions.	the larvae of anisakis simplex had the largest influence upon decreasing the activity of porcine pepsin. the activity of that enzyme in tests, where the larvae were present during the entire period of incubation, was lower than in the controls. no similar trends were observed in case of the solutions with bovine and porcine trypsin. the activity of those enzymes in the solutions containing the larvae was higher than in the controls. only the activity of porcine trypsin after 10 h of incubation w ...	2002	16888944
anisakis simplex larva killed by high-hydrostatic-pressure processing.	anisakis simplex is a common nematode parasite present in many marine fish, including finfish and squid. it can pose a public health problem if it is not destroyed during food processing. anisakis larvae were isolated from fish tissue, and their survival of high-pressure treatments in distilled water and physiological isotonic solution was assayed. treatment at a pressure of 200 mpa for 10 min at a temperature between 0 and 15 degrees c kills all anisakis larvae, with a lack of motility being us ...	2002	11848572
anisakis simplex: dangerous--dead and alive?	the risk of infection with anisakis simplex and related parasites of fish has been recognized for some time, but it is now emerging that ingestion of material from dead parasites in food is also potentially dangerous. the resulting allergic reactions range from rapid onset and potentially lethal anaphylactic reactions to chronic, debilitating conditions. this review discusses the problems and clinical implications associated with a. simplex, other related conditions, and the way in which disease ...	2002	11850010
[anisakis simplex and immediate hypersensitivity reactions].	anisakis simplex is one of the nematode worms that parasitize sea mammals. when its larvae are accidentally ingested by humans, they can infect the host, resulting in anisakiasis manifested by digestive symptoms, or they may cause an allergic reaction, which in some cases may be severe.	2002	11988686
do only live larvae cause anisakis simplex sensitization?		2002	11991288
uterine adenocarcinoma with generalised metastasis in a bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus from northern patagonia, argentina.	an endometrial adenocarcinoma with areas of squamous differentiation and generalised metastasis was observed in a bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus stranded in northern patagonia in july 1997. this is the second report of a uterine adenocarcinoma in a free-living cetacean and the first in a delphinidae. this neoplasm likely compromised reproduction for several years. in addition, the dolphin presented tattoo-like skin lesions and its digestive tract was infested by anisakis simplex, pseudote ...	2002	12005238
immunoglobulins anti-anisakis simplex in patients with gastrointestinal diseases.	the nematode anisakis simplex causes anisakidiasis, a disease that often mimics other gastrointestinal diseases. patients with digestive haemorrhaging, crohn's disease, digestive cancer and appendicitis were analysed for antibodies to a. simplex. antibody detection was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting using crude extract (ce) antigen and excretory-secretory (es) products. total immunoglobulin (igs), igg, igm, iga and ige were studied. the highest percen ...	2002	12015825
evaluation by elisa of anisakis simplex larval antigen purified by affinity chromatography.	in order to improve the specificity and sensitivity of the techniques for the human anisakidosis diagnosis, a method of affinity chromatography for the purification of species-specific antigens from anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (l3) has been developed. new zealand rabbits were immunized with a. simplex or ascaris suum antigens or inoculated with toxocara canis embryonated eggs. the igg specific antibodies were isolated by means of protein a-sepharose cl-4b beads columns. igg anti-a. simpl ...	2002	12016451
identification of anisakid nematodes from the southern baltic sea using pcr-based methods.	four common species of baltic anisakids anisakis simplex, hysterothylacium auctum, contracaecum osculatum from fish (the last one also from the grey seal) and c. rudolphii from cormorants were examined using pcr-rflp technique for working out the method allowing their identification and differentiation. a fragment of nuclear dna containing intergenic regions (its-1 and its-2) of ribosomal dna together with adjacent sequences of genes coding 18s and 28s rrna (in total; approximately 1500 bp) was ...	2002	12030761
effects of ivermectin and albendazole against anisakis simplex in vitro and in guinea pigs.	the activity of ivermectin and albendazole against larval anisakis simplex was tested in vitro and in experimentally infected guinea pigs. before drug exposure the medium for half of the larvae was adjusted to ph 2.0 with 1 n hcl, whereas the other half was held at ph 7.0. to these solutions, ivermectin was added to full concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, or 200 microg/ml, and for albendazole, 300, 400, and 500 microg/ml. animals from group i were given 0.1 ml of 1% (3.3 mg/kg) ivermectin, ...	2002	12054018
gastro-allergic anisakiasis as a consequence of simultaneous primary and secondary immune response.	gastro-allergic anisakiasis has been reported as an entity in which an acute parasitism by anisakis simplex is accompanied by an immunoglobulin (ig)e-mediated systemic allergic reaction. serum samples were obtained from 24 patients within 24 h after the onset of symptoms (day 0) and after 1 month (day 30) and in 13 patients after 6 months. total ige was assessed by the imx method. specific ige was assessed by cap-feia. specific igm, igg, igg4 and iga antibodies were assessed by enzyme-linked imm ...	2002	12060318
occurrence of recombinant genotypes of anisakis simplex s.s. and anisakis pegreffii (nematoda: anisakidae) in an area of sympatry.	the anisakid nematode populations collected from fish and stranded cetaceans along from iberian peninsula waters were morphologically identified as corresponding to the anisakis simplex complex. in order to realise their molecular identification and to analyse the extent of genetic variation, the entire its (its1, 5.8s rdna gene and its2) and the mitochondrial small subunit of rrna were pcr-amplified and sequenced. digestions of the amplified its region with hinfi and hhai allowed the identifica ...	2003	14522181
gingivostomatitis after eating fish parasitized by anisakis simplex: a case report.	anisakis simplex (as) is a nematode that may be encountered as a parasite in various kinds of seafood. human beings may accidentally acquire as larvae by eating raw or undercooked seafood. in addition to human parasitization (anisakiasis), this nematode can induce allergic reactions. as-related diseases are frequent, especially in those countries with a high level of fish consumption and with traditions of eating raw or undercooked seafood. to our knowledge, this is the first report of gingivost ...	2003	14561968
high hydrostatic pressure treatment of finfish to inactivate anisakis simplex.	high hydrostatic pressure has been demonstrated to be a useful technique for treating food to reduce the number of pathogenic organisms and to extend shelf life. most research in this area has focused on bacteria. however, a concern in the sashimi (raw fish) industry is that nematode worms such as anisakis simplex occur naturally in cold-water marine fish. the objectives of this research were to perform a pilot study to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the viability of anisak ...	2003	14572234
characterization of allergens of anisakis simplex.	anisakis simplex is an intestinal parasite of sea mammals. the larvae infect crustaceans, cephalopods and fish. humans may consume a. simplex third stage larvae (l3) when eating infected raw or under-cooked fish. consumed larvae cause an inflammatory reaction when they penetrate the digestive mucosa. the larvae or their secretory/excretory products can sensitize humans and induce an immunoglobulin e (ige)-mediated allergic reaction. this parasite is now being implicated in numerous cases of alle ...	2003	14616106
is anisakis simplex responsible for chronic urticaria?	the association of chronic urticaria (cu) to parasitic infestations has been poorly studied. recently, sensitization to the parasite larva anisakis simplex has been described as the cause of acute urticaria and anaphylaxis. the aim of this work was to study the relationship between sensitization to a. simplex and cu. one hundred one patients with cu were studied. data of possible contacts with a. simplex were collected and the usual cu study was performed. furthermore, total and specific immunog ...	2003	14619334
cross-reactivity induced by anisakis simplex and toxocara canis in mice.	the aim of this study was to verify whether cross-reactivity appeared between toxocara canis and anisakis simplex in an experimental rodent model. no cross-reactions were detected using sera from mice infected with t. canis eggs. when responses obtained against t. canis es antigen using sera from balb/c and c57bl/10 mice infected with t. canis eggs were compared with those obtained by testing sera from mice infected with one a. simplex l3, an increase in cross-reactions was observed using the c5 ...	2003	14627450
cross-reactivity between anisakis simplex sensitization and visceral larva migrans by toxocara canis.	the aim of this work was to study cross-reactivity in the diagnosis of two related ascaridosis. nineteen patients diagnosed with recidivous acute urticaria (rau) caused by anisakis simplex and 26 patients diagnosed with visceral larva migrans (vlm) caused by toxocara canis were studied employing commercial diagnostic kits and "in house" assay kits. cross-reactivity observed was greater when using "in house" assay kits, suggesting that t. canis excretory-secretory antigens were not only recognize ...	2003	14636986
[anisakis and anisakiosis].	the nematode anisakis simplex (as) is a world wide distributed parasite that infects consumers of raw or undercoocked parasitized fish. the clinical manifestation of anisakiosis depend on the site in the digestive tract in which larva lodges. the symptoms develops as a result of the inflammation when the larvae penetrates the gastric mucous. most of asymptomatic subjects show high levels of specific ige to as. diagnosis of as allergy is not simple, due to cross-reactivity with other allergens. i ...	2003	14670292
altered autonomic control in rat intestine due to both infection with anisakis simplex and incubation with the parasite's crude extract.	anisakis simplex ige may bring on allergic responses such as angioedema, vomiting, and urticaria from eating seafood, but it is not the only etiology. induced cholinergic hyperreactivity or adrenergic blockade in the target tissue can cause these diseases nonimmunologically also. here we studied the effects on normal intestinal motility of brief a. simplex infections and in vitro exposures to the parasite's extract (ce). each approach was evaluated according to its ability to induce cholinergic ...	2003	14714623
growth of whaleworm (anisakis simplex, nematodes, ascaridoidea, anisakidae) third-stage larvae in paratenic fish hosts.	the growth of anisakis simplex l3 larvae in the three paratenic hosts saithe ( pollachius virens), cod (gadus morhua) and redfish (sebastes marinus) was studied based on material collected off the island of vega on the west coast of norway over a period of 1 year. in all three fish species, a positive correlation between the length of larvae and the age of the fish was shown. the number of large larvae, here defined as l3>28 mm, increases with increasing age of the host. these findings clearly i ...	2003	12632142
ultrastructural localization of ani s 1, a major allergen from the fish parasite anisakis simplex.	no data about the nature or function of the first major anisakis simplex allergen, named ani s 1, is available. the aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural localization of this protein, to obtain further information about it. ani s 1 was detected in secretory granules of the excretory gland and occasionally lining the main excretory canal. our results suggest that ani s 1 could be a secretory product and could have an enzymatic function related to mechanisms of infection.	2003	12632151
metazoan parasites and food composition of juvenile etmopterus spinax (l., 1758) (dalatiidae, squaliformes) from the norwegian deep.	a total of 37 juvenile etmopterus spinax from the norwegian deep were examined for stomach contents and metazoan ecto- and endoparasites. these squaliform elasmobranchs were caught by benthopelagic net in may 2001 at a depth of 194-214 m. the euphausiid meganyctiphanes norvegica and the teleost maurolicus muelleri were the principal prey organisms. with increasing total length of e. spinax, the frequency of meganyctiphanes norvegica prey decreased and that of m. muelleri increased. seven differe ...	2003	12632160
[risk of sensitization to anisakis simplex among the members of the families of patients with anisakiasis].	infection by anisakid nematodes is associated with consumption of raw fish. the aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of sensitization among members of families of patients with anisakiasis. individuals and methods: eleven asymptomatic members of families of patients diagnosed with anisakiasis were studied by means of ige-immunoblotting. the frequency of sensitization was compared with the prevalence in a normal population from the same geographic area.	2003	12681218
human anisakiasis: diversity in antibody response profiles to the changing antigens in larval excretions/secretions.	anisakiasis is an infectious parasitic disease contracted by eating third stage larvae of anisakis simplex (l3) carried by marine fishes. human anisakiasis was researched for specific igg with l3 excretory secretory products (esp). l3esp were prepared by daily harvesting of culture supernatant from day 2 to day 5, using two kinds culture media of rpmi-1640 and phosphate buffered saline (pbs). when the sera from persons diagnosed with anisakiasis by means of endoscopy were analyzed using indirect ...	2003	12753432
[gastrointestinal anisakiasis. study of a series of 25 patients].	infection with the parasite anisakis simplex is common in japan and northern european countries. the number of reported cases in spain has increased since the first description in 1991. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence, clinical patterns, histopathological lesions, treatment, and outcome of anisakis simplex infection in our environment.	2003	12809570
[acute abdomen due to anisakis simplex].		2003	12809594
a case of acute gastric anisakiasis provoking severe clinical problems by multiple infection.	acute gastric anisakiasis with multiple anisakid larvae infection is reported. a 68-year-old woman residing in busan, korea, had epigastric pain with severe vomiting about 5 hours after eating raw anchovies. four nematode larvae penetrating the gastric mucosae in the great curvature of the middle body and fundus were found and removed during gastro-endoscopic examination. another one thread-like moving larva was found in the great curvature of upper body on the following day. on the basis of the ...	2003	12815320
measurement of serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein in the diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal anisakiasis.	thirty-two patients with abdominal pain and/or intestinal pseudo-obstruction who had consumed raw or undercooked fish in the previous 72 h, were included in a study of anisakiasis, a parasitation of the human gastrointestinal tract by third stage anisakis simplex larvae. skin prick test (spt) against a. simplex were positive in all the patients. high median eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) serum concentrations (> 15 mg/l) at day 0 with normal serum levels at day 30 and a rise of median total an ...	2003	12848764
determination of ige in the serum of patients with allergic reactions to four species of fish-parasite anisakids.	this study investigates cross-reactions between somatic and metabolic antigens of various anisakids in the serum of patients with allergic processes. twenty patients with allergic reactions after eating fish were studied using the skin-prick test for sensitivity to four species of anisakids. ige was also determined, by blotting, in the serum of these patients when confronted with somatic and metabolic antigens of anisakis simplex s.l. and hysterothylacium aduncum, and somatic antigens of a. phys ...	2003	12968392
[allergy to anisakis simplex].	anisakis simplex is a parasite, belonging to the anisakidae family. the life cycle of the parasite can include one or more intermediary hosts, their final hosts being marine mammals or large fish, in which the larvae develop until the adult stage is reached. man is an accidental host who acquires the larvae by eating raw or undercooked fish. since the mid-50s, when the first case studies were published in holland and japan, new cases have been emerging in different countries including spain. par ...	2003	13679960
[infection of coastal catching fishes with a nematode of anisakis simplex (rud., 1809), l. in the primor'e region].	the paper presents data on the infection of fishes from the gulf of peter the great with an a. simplex nematode. a total of 308 fishes of 19 species were examined for parasites. of them 5 species were found to be free from nematodes. the highest infection rates were noted in fishes of the species oncorhynchus keta, hexagrammos octogrammus, and theragra chalcogramma. differences in the infection rates of fishes of the gulf were explained by the specific features of their vital activity and by the ...	2003	14727484
observations on the metazoan parasites of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) after its reintroduction into the elbe river basin in the czech republic.	in the years 1999-2002, first studies were carried out on the metazoan parasites of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) recently reintroduced into the elbe river drainage system, after more than 50 years after the complete extinction of the elbe salmon population. a total of six helminth species were recorded from salmon smolts from three streams of the elbe river basin (kamenice river, jestedský and libocanský brooks) in north bohemia, czech republic, where s. salar fingerlings have been released ...	2003	14971599
action of different monoterpenic compounds against anisakis simplex s.l. l3 larvae.	different natural monoterpenes (geraniol, citronellol, citral, carvacrol, cuminaldehyde and eugenol) are studied in vitro against anisakis simplex s.l. l3 larvae, employing perillaldehyde as a reference substance. final concentrations used were: 12.50, 6.25 and 3.12 microg/ml for each of the tested products. the parameters average survival, survival 50 and maximum survival were determined at 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours after the start of the experiment. all tested products, except eugenol, were active ...	2004	14971725
characterization of allergens secreted by anisakis simplex parasite: clinical relevance in comparison with somatic allergens.	diagnostic methods for the study of allergic reactions to anisakis simplex (a.s.) based on whole-body extracts of the larva are clearly insufficient.	2004	14987311
growth, fecundity and sex ratio of adult whaleworm (anisakis simplex; nematoda, ascaridoidea, anisakidae) in three whale species from the north-east atlantic.	the growth rate, fecundity, and sex ratio of anisakis simplex in minke whales (balaenoptera acutorostrata), porpoises (phocoena phocoena) and long-finned pilot whales (globicephala melas) was studied on the basis of material from the north atlantic. a total of 8,135 mature a. simplex were collected from 24 minke whales, 11 porpoises and eight pilot whales. for both males and females, the prevalence was 100% for all three host species, with a mean intensity of 1,727, 262 and 139, respectively. th ...	2004	14999465
occupational asthma due to grain pests eurygaster and ephestia.	workers occupationally exposed to grain dust have a high prevalence of asthma. the pathogenesis of their respiratory symptoms remains obscure when sensitization to cereal allergens has not been proved. given the ubiquity of arthropods in stored vegetable products, we have studied the allergenic potential of two very prevalent grain pests, eurygaster and ephestia, as a cause of occupational asthma. we have also studied the allergenic relationship between anisakis simplex (as) and these pests.	2004	15046384
parasitic helminth fauna of the cutlass fish, trichiurus lepturus l., and the differentiation of four anisakid nematode third-stage larvae by nuclear ribosomal dna sequences.	the helminth fauna of the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal cavity of cutlass fish, trichiurus lepturus l., off the taiwanese coast of the north-western pacific was investigated. the following helminths were found: (1) nematodes--anisakis simplex, hysterothylacium aduncum, porrocaecum decipiens, raphidascaris trichiuri; (2) digeneans--adult lecithochirium trichiuri; and (3) cestodes-plerocercoids of proteocephalus spp. the third-stage larvae of these four anisakid nematodes were characterized ...	2004	15133659
several allergens from anisakis simplex are highly resistant to heat and pepsin treatments.	ingestion of raw or undercooked fish can lead to infection with anisakis simplex. sensitized patients show specific ige to proteins from this parasite. the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of specific ige recognition directed to heat and/or pepsin-resistant allergens from a. simplex among sensitized patients. twenty-seven patients with positive specific ige and immunoblotting with a crude parasite extract were included in the study. specific ige detection against allergens resistant ...	2004	15138891
[gastric anisakidosis: personal experience].	anisakidosis is a parasitic disease of the human gastrointestinal tract caused by ingestion of marine nematode larvae such as anisakis simplex or, rarely, pseudoterranova, present in raw or undercooked fish. frequent sites of involvement by anisakis are the stomach, small intestine, rarely the colon, or the peritoneum, liver, pancreas, lung and tonsils, anisakidosis is a self-limiting disease; the symptoms arise 12-24 hours after ingesting raw fish and include nausea, diarrhoea, and severe abdom ...	2004	15152528
evaluation by the skin prick test of anisakis simplex antigen purified by affinity chromatography in patients clinically diagnosed with anisakis sensitization.	anisakis simplex crude extracts (ce) (ipi, asac and alk-abello), a. simplex larval antigens purified using a column of igg anti-a. simplex (pak) or a column of igg anti-ascaris suum (pas), antigen eluted from columns of igg anti-a. suum (eas) and an a. suum adult ce were assayed by the skin prick test. thirty percent of assayed patients showed a negative reaction in the anisakis skin prick test. of 70% positives, two patients had a weal greater than that produced by histamine with the a. simplex ...	2004	15153288
[application of the pcr-rflp technique for the species-specific identification of nematodes involved in human anisakiasis].	we intended to develop a molecular test allowing a species-specific identification of the anisakid human parasite independently of its evolutive stage.	2004	15171827
[the parasite fauna of the chub mackerel (scombridae: scomber japonicus houttuyn, 1782) in the central-eastern atlantic (atlantic coast of the northern africa and the azores archipelago banks)].	the parasite fauna of the chub mackerel scomber japonicus houtuym, 1782 was studied from the neritic areas of morocco, western sahara, mauritania and from the banks of the azores archipelago (the great meteor bank, the hyeres bank and the irving bank) in 1994-2001. twenty eight species of parasites of following group have been were found: coccidia (1 species), microsporidia (1), myxosporea (4), monogenea (4), cestoda (5), trematoda (5), acanthocephala (1) and nematoda (6). the differences betwee ...	2004	15174392
detection of circulating antigens in experimental anisakiasis by two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on the avidin-biotin system was developed to study circulating antigens in the sera of rats orally or intraperitoneally infected with l3 larvae of anisakis simplex s.l. somatic and excretory-secretory antigens were detected from 24 h post-infection in all infected rats. a direct relationship between the number of larvae inoculated and the concentration of antigens in the sera was demonstrated; however, the amount of antigen decreased wit ...	2004	15221461
anisakis simplex only provokes allergic symptoms when the worm parasitises the gastrointestinal tract.	we analysed patients with allergic or digestive symptoms after seafood ingestion in order to assess a correct diet in anisakis simplex sensitised individuals. a total of 120 patients who suffered allergic and/or digestive symptoms after marine food ingestion were studied. we performed skin prick tests for a. simplex and seafood, total serum and specific serum immunoglobulin e to a. simplex in the acute stage and 1 month later. a gastroscopy was carried out to find larvae in those patients with p ...	2004	15221464
cross-reactivity between antigens of anisakis simplex s.l. and other ascarid nematodes.	a study of the cross-reactivity among somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of the third stage larvae of anisakis simplex s.l. and somatic antigens of other ascarid nematodes (ascaris lumbricoides, a. suum, toxocara canis, anisakis physeteris, hysterothylacium aduncum and h. fabri) was carried out by immunoblotting. it was revealed a high degree of cross-reactivity among ascarids in the 30 and > 212 kda range by using sera against somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of a. simplex s.l. it ...	2004	15224584
compounds of parasitic roundworm absorbing in the visible region: target molecules for detection of roundworm in atlantic cod.	the objective of this study was to contribute to the development of technology that will be able to replace manual operations in processing of fish fillets. removal of parasites, black lining, remnants of skin, and bloodstains are costly and time-consuming operations to the fish processing industry. the presence of parasites in fish products tends to spoil consumers' appetites. recent reports questioning the safety of eating cod infected with parasites might lower consumer acceptance of seafood. ...	2004	15270514
the life cycle of anisakis simplex in the norwegian deep (northern north sea).	copepoda (calanus finmarchicus n = 1,722, paraeuchaeta norvegica n = 1,955), hyperiidae (n = 3,019), euphausiacea (meganyctiphanes norvegica n = 4,780), and the fishes maurolicus muelleri (n = 500) and pollachius virens (n = 33) were collected in the norwegian deep (northern north sea) during summer 2001 to examine the importance of pelagic invertebrates and vertebrates as hosts of anisakis simplex and their roles in the transfer of this nematode to its final hosts (cetaceans). third stage larva ...	2004	15278439
purification and molecular cloning of a major allergen from anisakis simplex.	a heat-stable allergen with a molecular weight of 21 k was purified from larvae of the nematode anisakis simplex by gel filtration, anion-exchange fplc and reverse-phase hplc. when analyzed by immunoblotting and elisa, seven of eight patient sera reacted to the 21 k allergen, demonstrating that this protein is a major allergen of a. simplex. a full-length cdna encoding the 21 k allergen was cloned by a combination of 3'race and screening of an expression library with dig-labeled dna probes. the ...	2004	15287588
hdkir, a human homologue of the drosophila kelch protein, involved in a ring-like structure.	we have previously purified and cloned an apoptosis-inducing protein (aip) derived from fish infected with the anisakis simplex. recently, we identified a series of aip-responsive genes in the hl-60 cell line using a subtractive hybridization method. here we report the molecular cloning and characterization of one of these genes, which encodes a novel human kelch protein containing 568 amino acid residues, termed hdkir. the drosophila kelch protein localizes to a ring canal structure, which is r ...	2004	15383316
[peter-the-great gulf fishes are a source of human invasion of the nematode anisakis simplex (the family anisakidae)].	the paper presents the results of the rate of infection with the nematode anisakis simplex in peter-the-great gulf fishes that are a source of human invasion. five of 19 fish types were found to be nematode-free, and the extensiveness and intensity of invasion were observed in siberian salmons (oncorhynchus keta) (61% and 2-700 worms, respectively), alaska pollacks (theragra chalcogramma) (75.7% and 1-31 worms), and brown rock trouts (hexagrammos octogrammus) (100% and 1-60 worms). autopsy showe ...	2004	15484974
population structure of anisakis simplex (nematoda) in harbor porpoises phocoena phocoena off denmark.	the population structure and habitat selection of anisakis simplex in 35 harbor porpoises off denmark are described. the nematodes were collected from the stomach and duodenal ampulla and were categorized as third-stage larvae, fourth-stage larvae, subadults, and adults. the porpoises harbored 8,043 specimens of a. simplex. the proportion of adults and subadults increased with infrapopulation size. the number of development stages across infrapopulations covaried significantly (kendall's test of ...	2004	15562589
[anisakidosis a marine parasitic zoonosis: unknown or emerging in peru?].	the purpose of this review is to show the experimental studies carried out on the biological cycle, culture, pathogenicity of the anisakidae nematode larvae and to disseminate the information regarding current epidemy and the probable emergence of anisakidosis in peru, and in addition, to propose measures of prevention and control, as well as the perspective and need for investigation. the studies of experimental pathogenicity in cats, dos, and hamsters are incomplete. eight cases of acute human ...	2004	15614302
high prevalence of seropositivity to a major allergen of anisakis simplex, ani s 1, in dyspeptic patients.	finding evidence of anisakidosis requires invasive methods. we have developed a serological assay based on the detection of an immunoglobulin e (ige) specifically directed against ani s 1 protein, a major parasite allergen of anisakis simplex, which has shown a high level of accuracy in the diagnosis of anisakidosis. we used this tool to determine the prevalence of anti-ani s 1 ige in dyspeptic patients and to investigate if its seropositivity could be related to epidemiological factors other th ...	2004	14715556
the activity of hydrolases of larval stages of anisakis simplex (nematoda).	activity of hydrolases during the third and fourth larval stage of anisakis simplex was identified by applying the api zym test method. in a. simplex larvae the activity of phosphatases was high, particularly that of acid phosphatase (40 nmol/mg(-1)). among esterases lack of activity of lipase (c14) is worth noticing while the activity of esterases (c4) and (c8) was high. the activity of those later two enzymes was higher in l3 larvae than in l4 larvae. the highest activity in the subclass of gl ...	2004	16865960
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot antibody determination in sera from patients diagnosed with different helminthic infections with anisakis simplex antigen purified by affinity chromatography.	an evaluation of the sensitivity and the specificity of the anisakis simplex antigens purified by affinity chromatography was performed using sera from patients diagnosed with anisakis sensitisation and sera from patients previously diagnosed with different helminthic infections. only the sera of the patients diagnosed with schistosoma mansoni or onchocerca volvulus parasitic infections were negative against the a. simplex antigen and its purified fractions (pak antigen: a. simplex antigen purif ...	2005	16113872
fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues.	the fish-borne parasitic zoonoses have been limited for the most part to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding because of growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes such as population movements. while many in developed countries will recognize meat-borne zoonoses such as trichinellosis and cysticercosis, far fewer are acquainted with the fish-borne parasitic zoonoses w ...	2005	16143336
prevalence of anisakin nematodes in fish from southern baltic sea.	nematodes from the superfamily ascaridoidea (families anisakidae and raphidascarididae) are worldwide distributed parasites. their live cycles include many species of water invertebrates and teleostean fish as intermediate hosts, and fish, sea mammals or fish-eating birds being definitive hosts. humans can be infected with some of these parasites after consumption of raw or wrongly processed fish. the parasitological investigations of fish (herring, cod and flatfish) from southern baltic (ices 2 ...	2005	16457379
molecular characterization of larval anisakid nematodes from marine fishes of madeira by a pcr-based approach, with evidence for a new species.	one-hundred and fifteen anisakid larvae from 3 different fish hosts, aphanopus carbo, scomber japonicus, and trachurus picturatus, caught in madeiran waters, were identified by pcr-rflp. three distinct species were identified in a. carbo, namely anisakis simplex sensu srricto, anisakis pegreffii, and anisakis ziphidarum; 5 in s. japonicus, i.e., a. simplex s.s., a. pegreffii, anisakis physeteris, anisakis typica, and a. ziphidarum; and 3 in t. picturatus, i.e., a. simplex s.s., a. pegreffii, and ...	2005	16539027
new locality records for third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex (sensu lato) (nematoda: ascaridoidea) in euphausiids euphausia pacifica and thysanoessa raschii from prince william sound, alaska.	five euphausiid species (n=41,037) were collected in october 1997 from prince william sound, alaska, and examined for parasites. new locality records are claimed for third-stage larvae (l3) of whaleworm anisakis simplex (sensu lato) in two (0.019%) of 10,437 thysanoessa raschii, and in one (0.013%) of 7,443 euphausia pacifica. the l3 were about 19.5, 21.3 and 30.5 mm long. l3 were absent from 8,026 t. inermis, 10,302 t. longipes and 4,829 t. spinifera collected at the same time, and from 6,648 e ...	2005	16175395
detection of anisakis simplex-induced basophil activation by flow cytometry.	laboratory diagnosis of anisakidosis is based on specific serum ige detection. recently, detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by flow cytometry has been proposed as a valuable tool for allergy diagnosis.	2005	16184614
infection status with helminthes in feral cats purchased from a market in busan, republic of korea.	the present study was performed to investigate the infection status with helminth in a group of feral cats in korea. more than 29 helminth species including adults or eggs were detected in visceral and fecal samples of the examined cats. among these were a host of nematodes, including toxocarids, ancylostoma sp. and the larva of anisakis simplex; trematodes, including clonorchis sinensis, paragonimus westermani, eurytrema pancreaticum, pharyngostomum cordatum, metagonimus spp., heterophyes nocen ...	2005	16192750
anisakis simplex-induced small bowel obstruction after fish ingestion: preliminary evidence for response to parenteral corticosteroids.	gastrointestinal anisakiasis, a fish-borne zoonoses, may be acquired by humans after the ingestion of raw marine fish infested with larvae of the nematode anisakis simplex. because of the invasive nature of the parasite, inflammatory obstruction or perforation of the gut wall may result. although rare, anisakis-induced intestinal obstruction is becoming a growing public health problem in mediterranean areas, such as spain, with a high fish-intake-based diet. unawareness of this entity and nonspe ...	2005	16206499
allergy to mammal's meat in adult life: immunologic and follow-up study.	allergy to bovine meat and bovine serum albumin (bsa) is exceptional, especially in the adult life. bsa is considered a minor allergen in cow's milk allergy, but there is little information about this antigen in reactions produced by other beef products as meat. to our knowledge, evolutive studies of beef's allergic patients have not been reported.	2005	16261963
[anisakis simplex on an ulcer in a billroth ii patient].		2005	16262534
anisakis simplex allergy: a murine model of anaphylaxis induced by parasitic proteins displays a mixed th1/th2 pattern.	the study of the singular hypersensitivity reactions to anisakis simplex (a.s) proteins, may help us to undestand many of the unknown immune interactions between helmiths infections and allergy. we have developed a murine model of allergy to a. simplex, that mimics human a. simplex allergy to study the specific aspects of anaphylaxis induced by parasites. male c3h/hej mice were intraperitoneally sensitized to a. simplex. mice were then intravenous or orally challenged with a. simplex. antigen-sp ...	2005	16297154
molecular characterization of anisakis pegreffii larvae in pacific cod in japan.	it is now recognized that the morphospecies anisakis simplex is not a single species but a complex composed of three sibling species, a. simplex sensu stricto, a. pegreffii and a. simplex c. in japan, a. simplex-like larvae have been isolated from a variety of fish and humans, but the larvae collected have been identified as a. simplex by only light microscopy. therefore, the epidemiology of the a. simplex complex, composed of three sibling species, is still unclear in japan. in the present stud ...	2005	16336712
helminth fauna of the yellow-legged gull larus cachinnans in galicia, north-west spain.	thirty-six helminth species were found in 324 gulls examined during june 1994 to february 1996 from different localities of galicia: 25 trematodes (brachylaima sp., brachylecithum microtesticulatum, cardiocephaloides longicollis, cryptocotyle lingua, cryptocotyle concavum, diplostomum spathaceum, echinostephilla virgula, galactosomum phalacrocoracis, gigantobilharzia acotylea, gymnophallus deliciosus, gynaecotyla longiintestinata, himasthla elongata, himasthla quissetensis, knipowitschiatrema ni ...	2005	16336721
[anisakiasis presenting as perforated ulcer of the cecum].	a case of cecal anisakiasis is presented. symptoms were compatible with appendicitis. the patient was operated and a perforated ulcer of the cecum was found. ileocolic resection was performed. the histologic result showed the presence of anisakis simplex larva in the muscle of the cecum. the patient was discharged the fifth day without complications. at present he is asymptomatic. he had eaten uncooked anchovies some days before the onset of the disease.	2005	16371189
food-protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome caused by fish.	food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (fpies) occurs in infants. typical symptoms include profuse vomiting and/or diarrhea several hours after ingestion of a given food. the disorder is a non-ige mediated food hypersensitivity. the most frequently involved foods are milk and soy, but some cases of fpies induced by solid foods have been described. we report 14 patients with fpies due to fish protein.	2005	16371218
cross-reactivity between ige-binding proteins from anisakis simplex and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.	an association was found between anisakis simplex (as) and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (dp) sensitization. one recent study shows a cross-reactivity between as and dp and tropomyosin (tr)is suspected as being one of the proteins responsible of this cross-reaction. the aim of our study was: 1) to confirm the cross-reactivity between dp and as; 2) to determine the importance of tr in this cross reaction. sds-page analysis of dp and as (metabolic and somatic) extracts was carried out. then an ig ...	2005	16388714
anisakis infestation: a case of acute abdomen mimicking crohn's disease and eosinophilic gastroenteritis.	anisakiasis is a rare parasitic disease transmitted to humans by the ingestion of raw fish, which can initially present with acute abdomen. we report the case of a man, a habitual consumer of raw fish, who underwent surgery for acute abdomen, initially attributed to crohn's disease and then later interpreted as eosinophilic enteritis. only the subsequent careful histological examination of the surgical specimen, revealing full thickness eosinophilic infiltrate, generally typical of infestation, ...	2005	15702862
acute abdomen due to small bowel anisakiasis.	the popularity in western countries of dishes based on raw fish has led to an increased incidence of anisakiasis, a human parasitic disease caused by the ingestion of live anisakid larvae. the entire digestive tract may be involved, but the stomach and the small intestine are the most frequently affected sites. we report a case of acute abdomen due to anisakis simplex infection that caused small bowel obstruction.	2005	15702863
immunochemical and biological analysis of allergenicity with excretory-secretory products of anisakis simplex third stage larva.	anisakis simplex third stage larvae (l3) are parasites that frequently give rise to allergic responses. the larvae molt into fourth stage larvae (l4), and at each stage they produce l3-excretory-secretory products (l3-esp) and l4-esp, respectively, which are different in their main protein constituents. although the allergenicity of l4-esp has been investigated by several research groups, research on the allergenicity of l3-esp has not been carried out by any researcher. in this investigation, t ...	2005	15746554
allergy and parasites reevaluated: wide-scale induction of chronic urticaria by the ubiquitous fish-nematode anisakis simplex in an endemic region.	the ubiquitous fish-nematode anisakis simplex produces acute urticaria or angioedema in the course of gastro-allergic anisakiasis. we studied the relationship between this nematode and chronic urticaria (cu), as well as the clinical usefulness of measuring specific igg4 in a. simplex-sensitized patients with cu.	2005	15777521
pulmonary anisakiasis presenting as eosinophilic pleural effusion.	a 63-year-old man developed a pleural effusion with marked eosinophilia, which was more prominent in the pleural fluid than in the peripheral blood. the pleural effusion spontaneously disappeared 7 days after admission. a multiple dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anisakiasis was strongly positive for both the serum and pleural fluid. the serum igg titre for anisakis simplex gradually decreased over 7 months. it is suspected that anisakis larvae can penetrate the alimentary canal, and th ...	2005	15823197
low detection efficiency of candling as a commonly recommended inspection method for nematode larvae in the flesh of pelagic fish.	the third-stage larvae of the parasitic nematode anisakis simplex commonly occur in most commercially important fish species from the north atlantic. in this study, the occurrence and site distribution of anisakis larvae in various size groups of norwegian spring spawning herring (clupea harengus), blue whiting (micromesistius poutassou), and mackerel (scomber scombrus) from the northeast atlantic was investigated. although most of the larvae were found in the abdominal cavity, the small proport ...	2005	15830678
endoparasites of the blue whiting, micromesistius poutassou from north-west spain.	the communities of metazoan endoparasites of blue whiting, micromesistius poutassou, in waters of north-west spain were analysed and a geographical comparison made with other localities. four hundred blue whiting collected in july 1999 and september 2000 were examined for parasites, excluding the head and gills. six species were found: anisakis simplex s.l. (l3), a. physeteris (l3), hysterothylacium aduncum (l2 and l3), stephanostomum lophii (metacercaria), s. pristis (adult), and prosorhynchus ...	2005	15831108
structure of anisakis simplex s.l. populations in a region sympatric for a. pegreffii and a. simplex s.s. absence of reproductive isolation between both species.	the aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure of a. simplex s.l. populations. this was done by applying pcr-rflp and rapd-pcr to 42 specimens morphologically identified as third stage larvae of a. simplex s.l. of these larvae, 59.26% of those of mediterranean origin are identified by pcr-rflp as a. pegreffii. in atlantic waters, this percentage dropped to 20.00% while a. simplex s.s. represents 66.67%. however, findings seem to suggest that the taxonomic status of both species sho ...	2005	15850698
anisakis simplex: sensitization and clinical allergy.	whereas gastric anisakiasis has been known for several decades, the implications of anisakis simplex-related allergic disorders had not been thoroughly studied until the late 1990s. this article reviews recent knowledge of allergic disorders ascribed to a. simplex contact or parasitism.	2005	15864089
co(2)-fixing enzymes during moulting from third larval to fourth larval stage of anisakis simplex and hysterothylacium aduncum (nematoda: anisakidae).	the fixing of co(2) is an important metabolic process for many organisms. in the anisakid nematodes, co(2) has been shown to be necessary for their development, at least in vitro. the presence of co(2) stimulates the moulting (m3) of the larvae from the third (l3) to the fourth (l4) stage and prolongs the survival, at least, in vitro. we determined the activity of co(2)-fixing enzymes, common to many organisms, in two anisakids: anisakis simplex, a parasite of cetaceans, and hysterothylacium adu ...	2005	15864647
isolation of a heat-resistant allergen from the fish parasite anisakis simplex.	the thermal stability of allergenic peptides from the fish parasite anisakis simplex has not been fully elucidated. this is of special relevance for physicians who should clearly indicate if sensitized patients should avoid ingestion of raw fish only or whether well-cooked fish should also be avoided, if allergenic peptides derived from the parasite remain immunologically detectable. an allergen was purified after heating a crude parasite extract for 30 min. the allergen was further purified by ...	2005	15895253
identification of proteins expressing differences among isolates of meloidogyne spp. (nematoda: meloidogynidae) by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to ion-trap mass spectrometry.	total protein variation (up to ninety-five different positions) was revealed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) in 18 isolates from populations of m. arenaria (6 isolates), m. incognita (10), m. javanica (1) plus an unclassified isolate in a previously reported study. isolates of m. arenaria, m. javanica, meloidogyne sp., and m. incognita formed two separate groups defined on the basis of two sets of protein positions that could be considered as diagnostic characters, but we could not ide ...	2005	15952751
macroparasites in stranded and bycaught harbour porpoises from german and norwegian waters.	parasitological investigations were carried out on harbour porpoises phocoena phocoena originating from 3 different areas: the german north sea (28), the german baltic (18) and norwegian waters (22). the individuals were bycaught in gill-nets or found stranded during the period 1997 to 2000. a total of 7 species of parasites was identified from the investigated organs. these originated mainly from the respiratory tract and comprised 1 ascaridoid nematode (anisakis simplex), 4 pseudaliid nematode ...	2005	15997825
survival of anisakis simplex in arrowtooth flounder (atheresthes stomia) during frozen storage.	survival of naturally occurring larvae of anisakis simplex in fresh arrowtooth flounder (atheresthes stomia) was determined after storage for specified periods at four freezing temperatures. all larvae were killed by 96, 60, 12, and 9 h at temperatures of -15, -20, -30, and -40 degrees c, respectively. the average percentages of live larvae per fillet at the next shortest holding time were as follows: 72 h at -15 degrees c, 0 to 3%; 48 h at -20 degrees c, 11 to 30%; 9 h at -30 degrees c, 5%; and ...	2005	16013383
[anisakiasis gastrointestinal manifestations: description of 42 cases].	basis: anisakiasis is an emerging parasitosis in our environment, although still scarcely known, mainly its gastrointestinal manifestations.	2005	16029756
[survival of the third stage larvae of anisakis simplex in various conditions and experimental infection in rats].	objective to observe the characteristics of biology and pathogenicity of the third stage anisakis simplex larvae (l3).	2005	16042178
a recombinant enolase from anisakis simplex is differentially recognized in natural human and mouse experimental infections.	a 1,963-bp cdna was isolated from an anisakis simplex cdna library by immunoscreening with a hyperimmune rabbit serum raised against a crude extract of a. simplex l3 larvae. the open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 436 amino acid residues, which exhibits high similarity (70-80%) to enolase molecules from various other organisms, including helminth parasites. after subcloning and expression of the a. simplex cdna in pgex-4t-3, the resulting glutathione s-transferase fusion protein, pu ...	2006	16049725
[pseudoterranova decipiens (nematoda, anisakidae) larvae reported from humans in iceland after consumption of insufficiently cooked fish].	recently, two human cases of pseudoterranova decipiens nematode larvae were confirmed in iceland. in each case a larva was found in the throat five and six days after the consumption of insufficiently cooked filets of the common catfish anarhicas lupus that were bought fresh in a fish store. in both cases the larva had already developed from 3rd to the 4th stage during the time of infection. in the former case a young male woke up in the morning as he noticed a larva crawling around in his throa ...	2006	16400194
the time course of biological and immunochemical allergy states induced by anisakis simplex larvae in rats.	oral infection by anisakis simplex third stage larvae (l3) frequently gives rise to an allergic response. to comprehend the allergic and immune responses induced by l3, we investigated the kinetics of specific antibody isotype expression and the time course of biological and immunochemical allergy states using sera prepared from rats orally infected with l3 twice, with an interval of 9 weeks between infections. biological and immunochemical allergy states were analysed by rbl-2h3 exocytosis and ...	2006	16412043