Publications

an experimental approach to the study of intraocular toxocara canis.	an experimental study of nematode endophthalmitis due to t canis and review of the literature has been presented. six owl monkeys were infected either by nasogastric tube using embryonated t canis eggs or by carotid or intravitreal injection of second stage larvae. the clinical manifestations, especially ocular, were observed and various diagnostic tests performed. only minimal or no intraocular changes were seen after systemic infection but significant abnormalities such as retinal hemorrhages ...	1979	120993
serologic differentiation of adult toxocara and ascaris.	the antigenic analysis of toxocara canis a causative agent of visceral larva migrans and ascaris suum has been carried out. agar gel double diffusion techniques and its modifications were employed to determine whether or not crude antigens, obtained from the adult parasites: (a) contained components unique for each, (b) could be used to differentiate the parasites serologically. adult toxocara canis and ascanis suum antigens used in this study were found to contain several unique antigenic compo ...	1979	121695
gastro-intestinal helminths of domestic dogs in the republic of south africa.	of the gastro-intestinal helminths found in 1 063 dogs from different parts of the country, dipylidium caninum, the most prevalent cestode, occurred in 19,7% of the animals. echinococcus granulosus was present in 10 dogs, 8 of which were from urban areas, and taenia hydatigena in 69 dogs. taemia multiceps was recovered from dogs only in the cape province and the orange free state. toxocara canis was present in 81 of the necropsies carried out on 253 dogs from the pretoria municipal area, while a ...	1979	575920
serologic diagnosis of toxocara canis infection.	visceral larval migrans (vlm) caused by toxocara canis presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations with eosinophilia. although the presence of increased serum ige and isohemagglutinin titers are useful screening tests, the specific diagnosis rests on identification of larvae in biopsy specimens of tissues or serologic tests for specific antibody to the toxocara organism. a 2-year-old boy with marked eosinophilia associated with milk respiratory tract illness had negative indirect hemaggl ...	1980	6768136
[distribution of migrating larvae of toxocara canis (werner, 1782) in various organs of experimentally infected white mice (author's transl)].		1980	6446415
toxocara canis: the risks of infection.		1980	6928062
[roundworm infection (toxocara and toxascaris) in dogs in the netherlands (author's transl)].	the incidence of roundworm infections was determined by examination of the faeces in a total number of 544 adult dogs in the netherlands during the period from 1972 to 1977. the incidence of roundworm infections varied from 13 to 34 per cent (average 22.9 per cent) during this period, from 2 to 31 per cent (average 14.5 per cent) for toxocara canis infections, from 8 to 15 per cent (average 11.2 per cent) for toxascaris leonina infections and from 0 to 11 per cent (average 2.8 per cent) for comb ...	1980	6929575
toxocara canis: t lymphocyte function in murine visceral larva migrans and eosinophilia onset.		1980	6965279
[larva migrans visceralis (toxocara canis) and the central nervous system (author's transl)].		1980	7207683
studies on the incidence of toxocara and toxascaris spp. ova in the environment. 1. a comparison of flotation procedures for recovering toxocara spp. ova from soil.	seven different flotation fluids were assessed for their efficiency in recovering toxocara canis ova from artificially seeded soil samples. using the most efficient (a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate plus 5% potassium iodide) 25 g amounts of 234 environmental soil samples were examined for the presence of toxocara spp. and toxascaris ova. twenty-six samples (11.1%) yielded ova of one or other species. there was no discernible pattern of distribution of positives with relation to the sou ...	1980	7351480
human toxocariasis in a rural community.	a questionnaire and serologic survey of a pennsylvania community revealed that 23 (54%) of 43 study participants had antibody titers to toxocara canis (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test [elisa]) in the range defined as positive (greater than or equal to 1:32). age-specific seropositivity rates were highest among adults (greater than or equal to 18 years). positive titers ranged from 1:32 to 1:512. seropositivity did not cluster by family, and seropositivity rates were significantly higher t ...	1980	7424857
a survey of canine toxocariasis and toxocaral soil contamination in essex county, new jersey.	toxocara canis eggs were found in the feces of 33 of 246 dogs and in two of 629 soil samples from 32 public parks in essex county, new jersey. stool samples collected from these areas were free of t. canis eggs. the findings suggest that contamination of soil in public parks with t. canis eggs is not an important factor in the transmission of visceral larva migrans in this county.	1980	7425196
a paper radioimmunosorbent test (prist) for the detection of larva-specific antibodies to toxocara canis in human sera.	a paper radioimmunosorbent test (prist) was shown to be sensitive and reproducible when used with excretory/secretory antigen of toxocara canis second stage larvae. whatman no. 50 filter paper (5 mm discs) gave the most consistent and clear results with antigen at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, and could be stored for up to 3 weeks in vacuo at -70 degrees c. antigen coated discs were incubated with test sera at 1:10 dilution for 3 h at room temperature (21 degrees c), reacted with [125i]a ...	1980	7430660
[intestinal helminths in bangkok stray dogs and their role in public health (author's tranls)].	feces examination of 107 stray dogs in bangkok, thailand, on intestinal helminths showed the following rates: hookworms 100%, trichuris vulpis 54.2%, toxocara canis 6.5%, gnathostoma spinigerum 2.8%, spirocerca lupi 17.8%, diphyllobothrium mansoni 1.9%, and opisthorchis viverrini 1.9%. out of these species hockworms (especially a. braziliense), t. canis, g. spinigerum, and d. mansoni are important sources of human cutaneous or visceral larva migrans, the latter two being special parasites of the ...	1980	7435002
recovery of large numbers of eosinophils from mice infected with toxocara canis.	as a method of recovering large numbers of eosinophils, mice were infected with toxocara canis which in 12 days produced a high peripheral eosinophilia; the mice were then injected intraperitoneally with an extract of t. canis adult or anisakis larval worms. two days after injection of extract, peritoneal exudates were withdrawn, washed, and enumerated; the exudates were observed to be 70--80% eosinophils with a mean total recovery of 1 x 10(8) eosinophils per mouse.	1980	7435785
veterinary and public health considerations in canine roundworm control: a survey of practicing veterinarians.	we conducted a survey to assess whether current veterinary practices concerning prophylaxis and treatment of canine roundworm (toxocara canis) infection are adequate to prevent the potential public health risks of visceral larva migrans. we administered a standard questionnaire by telephone to 100 small animal practitioners. fifty-four veterinarians included health education for the pet's owner as part of their routine care in a case of canine roundworm infection, and 39 recommended prophylactic ...	1980	7440322
[helminths of the common fox (vulpes vulpes l.) from the massif central (france) (author's transl)].	sixty nine wild foxes originating from auvergne for the period january 1977 to january 1978 have shown intestinal parasites in the proportion of 76,8 per cent. 59,4 per cent are invaded with cestodes; 72,4 per cent with nematodes and none with trematodes. the list of the identified species is following: 1. cestodes. a) adults and fertile forms of: mesocestoides litteratus in 27,5 per cent of the hosts; taenia crassiceps in 15,9 p.c.; t. polyacantha in 27,5 p.c.; echinococcus multilocularis in 7, ...	1980	7458165
field trials with nitroscanate against cestodes and nematodes in dogs.	clinical trials were carried out to test the safety and efficacy of the anthelmintic, nitroscanate, against naturally acquired helminth infections. the trials involved 418 dogs, of which 252 were treated with one or other of two different tablet formulations of nitroscanate. a coarse particle formulation given in two doses each of 200 mg per kg reduced the worm burden of taenia spp and dipylidium caninum by 100 per cent and echinococcus granulosus by 94.1 per cent in farm dogs. given as a single ...	1980	6990596
prevalence of toxocara canis in babies and in adults as determined by the elisa test.		1980	7020214
[toxocara canis (larva migrans visceralis) from an ophthalmological point of view (author's transl)].	visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis) is usually a relatively benign disease which is caused by infective second-stage larvae of the common cosmopolitan ascarid of dogs, characterized chiefly by sustained eosinophilia, pulmonary symptoms and hepatomegaly. its severity varies with the number of larvae in the tissue and the immune or allergic state of the infected individual. the most important aspect of the neurotropic larvae perhaps is its potential as a facilitating agent, for instance, for v ...	1980	7253511
an investigation of variables in a fecal flotation technique.	several variables in a standard vial fecal gravitational flotation technique were investigated. these were the specific gravity of the sodium nitrate flotation solution, duration of flotation and mesh sizes of strainers. the number of eggs which floated and adhered to a coverslip were counted and estimates of the number of eggs remaining in the strained fecal suspension and in the feces trapped on the strainer were made. eggs from hookworms, trichuris vulpis and toxocara canis in feces from dogs ...	1980	7190861
antibody to toxocara canis in the aqueous humor.	the aqueous humor and serum samples of patients with presumed ocular toxocariasis were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibody to the embryonated egg antigen. using a single dilution (1:8), higher amounts of antibody have been found in the aqueous humor than in the serum samples. antibody was not found in the serum or aqueous humor of patients with retinoblastoma, coats' disease, uveal malignant melanoma, or central retinal artery obstruction. while two patients wit ...	1981	7197150
behavioral effects of lead and toxocara canis in mice.	adult mice were administered the common parasite toxocara canis or lead or both. the parasite clearly altered mouse performance on tests of exploration, activity, learning, and motor coordination; behavioral effects in mice receiving lead alone were less general. consequence of toxocara administration appeared attenuated in animals receiving both agents. parasite larvae were found in the central nervous system in all infected mice.	1981	7268424
comparative anthelmintic efficacy of two schedules of mebendazole treatment in dogs.	two schedules of anthelmintic oral treatment, using mebendazole powder, were compared in 73 dogs naturally infected with common helminth intestinal parasites. mebendazole powder was administered to 26 dogs at doses of 22 mg/kg once daily for 3 days and was compared with the same dose given only daily for 5 days into 23 dogs. the 24 other dogs were kept as controls and received a placebo treatment for 5 days. efficacy results for the 3-day treatment schedule of mebendazole were as follows: toxoca ...	1981	7271006
[occurrence of toxocara canis and other endoparasites in dogs in west berlin].		1981	7271732
toxocara canis and lead alter consummatory behavior in mice.	ingestion of palatable and unpalatable solutions was measured in adult mice in which had been administered the common parasite of the dog, toxocara canis alone, or in combination with lead. in addition, response to hot plate and susceptibility to electroconvulsive seizure were also measured. results from the palatability test indicated that either lead or toxocara may alter the mouse's mode of interacting with its environment. however, the two agents in combination interacted in their effects on ...	1981	7272805
[effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) and toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae). 1. studies in white mice].		1981	7282180
[prenatal and galactogenic infections with toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae) in mice].		1981	7293559
immunopathology of ascarid infection of the eye. role of ige antibodies and mast cells.	the roles of ige antiascarid antibodies and mast cells were compared in passively sensitized guinea pigs and animals infected intravitreally with ascarid larvae (toxocara canis, ascaris suum). intravenous ige antibody disappeared from the serum within 48 hours, but induced a hypersensitive state that persisted for 28 days. in systemically immunized animals, the aqueous-serum ige antibody ratio was 1:1,000 or less. passive periocular anaphylactic reactions produced an infiltration of neutrophils ...	1981	7295137
[high-grade visual acuity impairment caused by parasite-induced uveoretinitis during toxocara canis infection (author's transl)].		1981	7321470
ocular toxocariasis presenting as leukocoria in a patient with low elisa titer to toxocara canis.	a 4-year-old white female presented with leukocoria of the right eye. white punctate lesions were observed posterior to the retrolental membrane, which suggested retinoblastoma of some examiners. a full history, physical examination, ultrasonography, and ct scan failed to rule the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in or out. a serum elisa titer was 1:4, which was considered nondiagnostic. examination of the enucleated eye revealed a midsegment of the second stage larva of toxocara canis. the strengths ...	1981	7322480
the effect of corticosteroid therapy on infection with toxocara canis in dogs.	three, six-month-old dogs were infected with 2,000 eggs of toxocara canis. three weeks after infection 15 immature adult parasites were found in the intestine of the dog which had been treated with high doses of corticosteroids (2 ml of opticortenol s given every four days) while no parasites were found in the intestine of the dog treated with repeated injections of 0.3 ml opticortenol s or in the untreated control dog. the increased susceptibility to infection with t. canis in the dog treated w ...	1981	7324542
[behavior of toxocara canis werner 1782 (anisakidae) larvae during and following lung migration in the definitive host (beagle)].		1981	7324639
the effect of temperature and antimetabolites on antibody binding to the outer surface of second stage toxocara canis larvae.	in vitro maintained second stage toxocara canis larvae do not bind antiserum raised to their excretions and secretions (es) at 37 degrees c as detected by indirect fluorescence. however, when these larvae were incubated at 2 degrees c under the same conditions intense fluorescence on the whole outer surface was observed. this fluorescence remained as long as the larvae were maintained at 2 degrees c. when these larvae were reincubated at 37 degrees c a gradual loss of fluorescence along their ou ...	1981	7329441
results of surgery for ocular toxocara canis.	it has been shown that the diagnosis of ocular toxocara canis is highly accurate when the typical clinical findings are associated with a positive elisa titer in the serum of 1:8 or greater. the inflammatory reaction in this disorder can be devastating and not infrequently leads to a tractional detachment of the posterior pole or a rhegmatogenous detachment and/or a progressive cyclitic membrane leading to phthisis bulbi. we have recently performed vitreoretinal surgery on 17 patients with compl ...	1981	7335312
ocular toxocariasis demonstrated by ultrasound.	a 10-year-old white girl had a painless loss of central vision in the right eye. a white mass partially surrounded by blood was present in the macula of the right eye. ultrasound examination revealed an elevated mass. elisa test for toxocara canis was positive. further history revealed contact with puppies. the elisa test ruled out tumor.	1981	7337343
retinal arterial obstruction in association with presumed toxocara canis neuroretinitis.		1981	7337346
adult toxocara canis in the pancreas and peritoneal cavity of a pup.		1981	7340792
[effect of various benzimidazole carbamates on somatic larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) and toxocara canis werner 1892 (anisakidae). 3. immunofluorescent serological studies of antibody levels in treated and untreated dogs].		1981	7027683
[serological differentiation of ascaris suum and toxocara canis infections in pigs (author's transl)].	groups of eight miniature pigs were infected either with 1,500 embryonated eggs each of ascaris suum or toxocara canis or with 1,000 eggs each of both nematodes. sera were sampled before the infection as well as three and six weeks postinfection and then investigated in the elisa on microtitre plates against antigens of various developmental stages. when extracts of adult ascaris and toxocara worms were used as antigens, distinct reactions were registered both in the infected and in the uninfect ...	1981	7032103
[serological demonstration of experimental round worm infections-ascaris suum, toxocara canis--in swine by means of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test].	by means of indirect immunofluorescent antibody reaction (ifar), using serum of experimentally infected pigs, various antigens were studied with regard to their usefulness for serological verification of prepatent ascaris suum and toxocara canis infections. eggs, egg larvae, larvae received from livers, lungs and brains of experimentally infected white mice and sections of adult t. canis as well as eggs, egg larvae, liver larvae and sections of frozen adult a. suum proved to be not suitable for ...	1981	7039425
visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis) in toronto.	a 7-year-old child was admitted to toronto's hospital for sick children in 1976 with symptoms and laboratory findings compatible with visceral larva migrans, a disease usually caused by toxocara canis. this prompted a search for other cases seen at the hospital during the period 1952 through 1978. only 18 cases were discovered that met at least three of six criteria and thus were considered possible or probably cases of the disease. three possible cases of ocular toxocariasis during the same per ...	1981	7459767
pica patterns, toxocariasis, and elevated blood lead in children.	blood samples were obtained during a lead screening program from 100 children aged 1-6 years in allegheny county, pennsylvania, to determine whether there was any association between specific forms of pica and infection with toxocara canis, the principal cause of visceral larva migrans in the united states, or elevated blood lead levels. significant associations were found between: 1) feces, soil, or grass pica and toxocara infection; 2) paint or plaster pica and elevated blood lead; and 3) dog ...	1981	7212174
anthelmintic tests on toxocara canis infection in mice.	one hundred and forty mice were infected orally with 1000 embryonated toxocara canis eggs. groups of 10 mice were then treated with high doses of piperazine, mebendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, fenbendazole and diethylcarbamazine for four days, either immediately after infection or three weeks after infection. the mice were killed three to six weeks after treatment and the number of larvae in the brains and muscles estimated and compared with those in untreated mice. few larvae were recovered ...	1981	7233781
serological response of ascarid-free dogs to toxocara canis infection.	antibodies to toxocara were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera of ascarid-free dogs which had been fed 0, 100 or 10 000 embryonated t. canis eggs. dogs fed 10 000 eggs developed higher titres than those given 100 eggs and larvae failed to complete their migration to the gut. in addition, in dogs given 100 eggs, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of worms in the gut and granulomatous foci in the lung. the data suggest that the elisa is sensi ...	1981	7243347
antibodies to canine helminth parasites in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children.	we studied the prevalence of ige and igg antibodies to toxocara canis and dirofilaria immitis, helminth parasites of dogs, in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children born and raised in hawaii. the serologic pattern of the two groups was found to differ significantly. of the 80 asthmatic subjects, 45.0% had ige antibody and 17.5% igg-precipitating antibody to one or both parasites. in contrast, of the 96 nonasthmatic children studied 7.5% were positive for ige antibody and 31.3% positive for igg anti ...	1981	7251191
immunodiagnosis of parasitic zoonoses: sensitivity and specificity of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness using nematode antigens purified by affinity chromatography.	the sensitivity of in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness using antigens purified by affinity chromatography, was greater than that of three serological tests and allowed the specific identification of dirofilaria immitis, toxocara canis, angiostrongylus cantonensis and ascaris lumbricoides in animals sensitized with parasite antigens, and the diagnosis of natural (d. immitis, t. canis and angiostrongylus cantonensis) and zoonotic nematode infections. lymphocytes remained viable in who ...	1981	6168047
toxocariasis in an institution for the mentally retarded.	a seroepidemiologic investigation was conducted in order to determine the cause of an apparent increase in rates of eosinophilia among 1400 institutionalized children during 1976-1977. the annual serologic survey during this period revealed 283 (20%) individuals with eosinophilia that exceeded 600 cells/cu mm of blood. during a five-month period in 1977, five patients who were hospitalized in adjacent wards developed acute pneumonia with eosinophilia. because laboratory tests of sputum, bone mar ...	1981	6912220
[helminthes infections in the small intestine of stray dogs in ejungbu city, kyunggi do, korea]	one hundred and two stray dogs in ejungbu city of kyunggi-do, korea were examined to reveal out the degree of natural helminthic infection of small intestine. helminthes were collected at autopsy, by scraping the intestinal contents. the collected worms were classified by their morphological characteristics. out of 102 examined, 72 dogs were infected with any helminthes. the common helminthes were dipylidium caninum (47%), ancylostoma caninum (26%), toxascaris leonina (16%) and toxocara canis (1 ...	1981	12902719
[an epidemiological study on zoonoses in korea]	helminthic zoonoses are of significant importance to the public health and to the socioeconomic consequences especially in lost-meat, animal products and animal labor. for past several decades in korea, it has been recognized that endoparasitic infections among domestic animals are extremely common and many of the helminth parasites of man have been acquired from, or are shared with domestic animals. however, there was no survey of a nationwide scale on the prevalence of animal helminthiasis; an ...	1981	12902720
toxocara antibodies in veterinary personnel.	the prevelance of antibodies to toxocara canis was determined in 113 veterinary personnel from 22 animal clinics. one hundred and fourteen adult hospital in-patients served as controls. all participants completed a questionnaire supplying personal data and specifies regarding animal exposure and dog ownership. antibodies to toxocara were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing as antigen, excretorysecretory products from second stage larvae of toxocara canis.toxocara anti ...	1982	17422128
eosinophilia, granuloma formation and migratory behaviour of larvae in the congenitally athymic mouse infected with toxocara canis.	peripheral blood eosinophilia, histology of skeletal muscle and brain, and larval recovery were compared between congenitally athymic nude mice (nu/nu) and thymus-bearing heterozygous littermates (nu/+) for 6 weeks following oral infection with toxocara canis eggs. by comparing patterns of peripheral blood eosinophil levels in nu/+ and nu/nu, two types of eosinophilias, one t cell dependent and the other independent, were observed. eosinophil infiltration and granuloma formation around larvae in ...	1982	6983050
the use of an excretory-secretory antigen for an elisa specific sero-diagnosis of visceral larva migrans.	in sera from patients with visceral larva migrans (vlm) syndrome, enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (elisa) was used to detect igg and ige antibody anti-excretory-secretory antigen (esa) from the second larval stage of toxocara canis. the technical conditions of the assay were determined. the specificity of igg elisa-esa (with od values greater than 0.34) allowed the differentiation of vlm syndrome from ascaris or other human parasite infections.	1982	6751420
determination of the specific gravity of certain helminth eggs using sucrose density gradient centrifugation.	the specific gravities of ten species of helminth eggs were determined using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. fecal or egg concentrate was layered over a 3 to 54% sucrose density gradient. the gradient was then centrifuged at 800 g for 20 min, allowing 5 min for acceleration and 5 for deceleration. bands formed were identified and measured. refractive index was measured at the middle of narrow bands, or at the level at which the concentration of eggs was highest, in the case of wide band ...	1982	6890102
survival rates of parasite eggs in sludge during aerobic and anaerobic digestion.	the effects of mesothermic anaerobic or aerobic sludge digestion on survival of eggs from the roundworms ascaris suum, toxocara canis, trichuris vulpis, and trichuris suis and from the rat tapeworm hymenolepis diminuta were studied. destruction of eggs throughout a 15-day treatment period, as well as their viabilities after reisolation, was analyzed. the laboratory model digesters used in this study were maintained at a 15-day retention schedule, partially simulating a continuously operating sys ...	1982	6891199
activity of ivermectin against canine intestinal helminths.	the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was tested in 98 dogs against adult ascarids (toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina), hookworms (ancylostoma caninum, a braziliense), and whipworms (trichuris vulpis), and against experimentally induced infections (4th-stage larvae) of t canis and a caninum. dosage levels tested were single subcutaneous injections of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of body weight with appropriate vehicle-treated controls. a minimum of 4 (usually 5) dogs were tested with ea ...	1982	6897345
[toxocara canis as a cause of visceral larva migrans. survival and development of eggs in the environment and potential ways of transmission to man: a review].	a review is given on the occurrence of toxocariasis, the prevalence of t. canis among dogs and investigations on the prevalence of infective ova in soil- and sandsamples. the resistance of ascarid eggs and larvae against different environmental influences, including various sewage treatment-effects is discussed. the eggs are destroyed in 7 minutes when kept at 55 degrees c in a high humidity, slower when the humidity is lowered. when the temperature is -32 degrees c t. canis eggs are inactivated ...	1982	7043391
development of the serological response in rabbits infected with toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina.	the indirect fluorescent antibody test using frozen sections of infective toxocara canis and toxascaris leonina eggs, and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using homogenized toxocara canis embryonated egg extract and t canis excretory-secretory products as adsorbed antigens were used to determine the specificity and development of circulating antibodies in rabbits. frozen sections were subdivided into four morphologically distinct compartments for analysis of the development of the circulati ...	1982	7043808
evaluation of granulated fenbendazole as a treatment for helminth infections in dogs.	a granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in 95 dogs harbouring naturally occurring infections of toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis, dipylidium caninum, and taenia spp and in 19 laboratory-reared beagle pups experimentally infected with toxascaris leonina. the drug was administered in moistened dry dog food or in canned dog food. in dosage titration and confirmational studies, using worm counts in naturally infected dogs, the drug was 98%-100% effective at a dosage ...	1982	7056663
parasitological investigation of children's sand boxes and dog faeces from public areas in old housing districts of prague.	eggs and oocysts of 11 species of parasites were recorded in 21 of 50 sand boxes (200 samples) and in 66 (13.2%) of 500 dog faeces samples from parks and grassy areas in prague. toxocara canis was found in 12 sand boxes and in 4.2% of faeces samples and t. cati in one sand box and one sample of dog faeces.	1982	7061019
[toxocariasis in childhood. visceral larva migrans syndrome (author's transl)].	a case of toxocariasis in a 2(6)/12 years old boy is described. the visceral larva migrans syndrome usually is seen in preschool children. clinical symptoms were characterised by eosinophilia of more than 30%, leukocytosis, hepatomegaly, pulmonary infiltrations, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. there may be myocardial, ocular or central nervous system involvement, and a few affected children have died. the disease is caused by invasion of the body tissues by toxocara canis or cati larvae, often inge ...	1982	7062927
the intestinal helminths of the red fox and some other carnivores in southwest germany.	in south-west germany between 1975 and 1980, 3,573 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 84 badgers (meles meles), 47 stone martens (martes foina), and 387 cats (felis catus) were examined for intestinal helminths. in foxes the extent of infections was: taenia crassiceps 24%, t. polyacantha 8%, t. taeniaeformis 0.6%, t. serialis 0.5%, mesocestoides leptothylacus 20%, mesocestoides sp. 0.2%, toxocara canis 32%, toxascaris leonina 3%, uncinaria stenocephala 26%. one to three foxes harboured t. hydatigena, t. ...	1982	7072323
[the larva precipitation test with ascaris suum and toxocara canis larvae].	investigations were made by means of a larvae precipitation test (lpt) on different laboratory animals (pigs and white mice, and pigs, rabbits, guinea pigs and white mice respectively) experimentally infected with ascaris suum and toxocara canis respectively for the serological evidence of specific a. suum and t. canis antibodies. living a. suum larvae isolated from the lungs of experimentally infected white mice forming oral, excretion porus and cuticula precipitates proved to be a suitable ant ...	1982	7081762
effect of febantel against ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis infections in dogs.	febantel was administered as a 3.4% paste to 45 dogs infected with 1 or more nematode species, which included ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. dosage levels of 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of body weight daily for 3 consecutive days for a total of 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg were administered. at 15 mg/kg, all dogs were completely cleared of all nematode and cestode infections, including a caninum, t vulpis, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, taenia sp, and dipylidium caninum, ex ...	1982	7103181
the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and other parasites in urban pound dogs in north-eastern victoria.	the results of a survey investigating the prevalence of dirofilaria immitis and other helminth and protozoan infections in urban dogs in north-eastern victoria are presented. d. immitis was detected in 2.7% of the general population (8.3% of dogs older than 2 years). microfilariae of d. immitis were not detected in the peripheral circulation of 30% of dogs infected with the adult parasites. the most prevalent gastro-intestinal parasites were dipylidium caninum 57%; trichuris vulpis 41%; toxocara ...	1982	7115227
[visceral toxocara canis larva migrans].		1982	7146606
effects of nematode larvae (trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) on b-glucuronidase enzyme in experimentally infected mice.		1982	7153552
astrocytic hamartoma in tuberous sclerosis mimicking necrotizing retinochoroiditis.	a pale, elevated peripapillary lesion discovered in a young child with no family history of phakomatoses, grew larger, caused vitreous hemorrhage and underwent necrosis. secondary inflammation developed in the eye, finally producing rubeosis irides with elevated intraocular pressure and a blind, painful eye which required enucleation. clinically, the lesion was variably diagnosed and treated as toxoplasmosis and toxocara canis. these diagnoses were made despite low titres, a negative elisa test ...	1982	7153823
migration of some roundworm species in experimentally infected white mice.	the migration of four roundworm species (ascaris suum, toxocara canis, t. cati and toxascaris leonina) was studied in various organs of experimentally infected white mice. the hatching of t. leonina and t. cati larvae in the paratenic host is more rapid (24-36 h) than the hatching of a. suum and t. canis larvae (1-6 days). the deposition of larvae in host organs is different in the individual species. maximum number of larvae in the liver: t. leonina and a. suum on day 4, t. canis on day 2 and t ...	1982	7160786
behavioral changes in mice infected with toxocara canis.		1982	7161817
gastrointestinal helminth parasites of dogs in the western area--freetown (sierra leone).	a survey of faecal samples taken from 1277 dogs in the western area (freetown, sierra leone) revealed an infestation by ancylostoma caninum (46,1%), toxocara canis (13,5%), toxascaris leonina (5,9%), dipylidium caninum (3,8%), and spirocerca lupi (3,5%). sampling was made per rectum. the age of the dogs examined, both male and female, ranged from one month to fifteen years. the clinical picture of the dogs affected is described and methods of treatment are suggested.	1982	7171367
induced toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, and isospora canis infections in coyotes.	six littermate laboratory-raised coyotes (no. 1-6) were used to study the transmission of toxoplasma gondii from cats and mice, and toxocara canis and isospora canis from dogs and mice. coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculated orally with 1,000 infective oocysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii; coyotes 3 and 4 were fed mice infected with tissue cysts of the tc-1 strain of t gondii. eight days after inoculation with t gondii, the same 4 coyotes were exposed to toxocara canis: coyotes 1 and 2 were inoculate ...	1982	7174440
investigation of antibodies against toxocara canis in naturally infected puppies.	a investigation of antibodies against toxocara canis was carried out in 15 naturally infected puppies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. for this, four different antigens --eggs containing second stage larvae, larvae, adult worms and excretory-secretory products of larvae--were used. at the same time, autopsy and fecal examinations were carried out in these puppies. of the samples tested, 11 had adult worms and no eggs in the faeces were found in three puppies. the elisa values against four d ...	1982	7180241
parasitological investigation of children's sandboxes and dog faeces from public areas of housing development in prague.	two hundred sand samples from 50 children's sandboxes and 500 samples of dog faeces collected in 10 prague housing developments were examined for the presence of parasites. eggs of three helminth species were found in 28% of sandboxes and eggs and oocysts of 10 species of parasites were found in 10.4% of dog faeces. toxocara canis occurred in 9 sandboxes and 3.2% of dog faeces, t. cati in 0.2% of dog faeces. the results from housing developments are compared with those from older estates.	1982	7201949
ocular toxocariasis: a review of the literature.	ocular toxocariasis is invasion of the eye by the larvae of the toxocara canis worm. since its initial description 31 years ago, many cases involving all segments of the eye have been reported. most age groups have been affected, although it is generally a childhood disease. its distribution is worldwide. several tests have been devised for its detection, but only recently with a degree of success. many treatments have been proposed, but more evaluation is necessary. this review correlates histo ...	1983	6342500
immunodiagnosis of parasitic zoonoses: purification of toxocara canis antigens by affinity chromatography.		1983	6343270
dirofilaria immitis: performance and standardization of specific antibody immunoassays for filariasis.	the factors associated with the development, optimization, and validation of immunoassays for the detection of parasite-specific antibody in filariasis infections were investigated using the dog heartworm, dirofilaria immitis as a model. we examined two assays, the protein a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (spria) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), for quantitation of specific antibody to the parasite in canine serum. precision, reproducibility, and parallelism were examined using respo ...	1983	6357832
the production of human a and b blood group like substances by in vitro maintained second stage toxocara canis larvae: their presence on the outer larval surfaces and in their excretions/secretions.	in vitro maintained second stage toxocara canis larvae do not bind polyclonal anti-human a or b blood group antibodies onto their outer surface at 37 degrees c as detected by indirect fluorescence. when larvae are incubated at 2 degrees c under the same experimental conditions, intense fluorescence over the whole outer surface is observed. re-incubation of such larvae at 37 degrees c results in a gradual loss of surface fluorescence. this loss is complete after 3 h. the excretions/secretions (es ...	1983	6360442
evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to toxocara canis in dogs.		1983	6361349
work in progress: radionuclide imaging of indium-111-labeled eosinophils in mice.	eosinophils isolated from peritoneal exudates were labeled with indium-111-oxine and injected intravenously into sensitized mice. they became localized at sites of inflammation produced by intradermal injections of schistosomal antigen or toxocara canis larvae, whereas labeled neutrophils did not. intense uptake of eosinophils by normal spleen, liver, and bone marrow was noted, with tracer distribution effectively complete by 5 hours after injection. indium-111-eosinophil studies appear to be qu ...	1983	6836137
visceral larva migrans: examinations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human sera for antibodies to excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of serum antibodies to visceral larva migrans (toxocariasis). excretory-secretory antigens of the second-stage larvae of toxocara canis were used as antigen to coat the polystyrene plates. with sera from patients high antibody titers were observed in both ocular and visceral disorders. cross-reactions due to other parasitic infections could be excluded, including other migrating larval infections such as ascariasis, trichinellos ...	1983	6837095
cytosolic malate dehydrogenase in muscle extracts of toxocara canis.	1. malate dehydrogenase (l-malic acid:nad+ oxydoreductase, ec 1.1.1.37) was partially purified from muscle extracts of toxocara canis by means of gel chromatography in sephadex g-150 and affinity chromatography in sepharose-4b-blue dextran. 2. the purified enzyme was very active in reducing oxalacetate and less active in oxidizing l-malate. it was inhibited by excess oxalacetate but not by l-malate. 3. the kinetic parameters of the enzyme were obtained and these included: ph and temperature opti ...	1983	6851482
neuropathological studies of experimental toxocariasis in lead exposed mice.	binghamton heterogeneous stock mice intubated with embryonated eggs from the common parasite of dogs, toxocara canis, display dramatic alterations in behavior. many of these behavioral changes are markedly attenuated if mice are maintained also on a drinking solution containing lead acetate. the data presented here, however, show that the extensive neural degeneration of the cns occurs after t. canis infection and that the nature and extent of this degeneration is similar, regardless of whether ...	1983	6860979
[eosinophilic infiltrate with reference to toxocara canis. apropos of a case in an adult].	larva migrans syndromes are rare affections that occur mainly in young children. the usual parasite involved is toxocara canis, its presence in humans leading to encystment of the larvae and an eosinophilic granulomatous reaction. a case of an adult with this affection is reported, and clinical aspects and diagnostic and therapeutic problems discussed.	1983	6878113
hemoimmuno-adherence test (hiat) for the detection of antibodies anti-toxocara canis l2 larvae.	the use of a hemoimmuno-adherence test (hiat) for detecting antibodies anti-l2 larvae of toxocara canis is presented. the hiat allows to reveal the presence of antibodies in the sera of both naturally and experimentally infected animals. the sensitivity of hiat appears to be comparable to that of methods such as immunoenzymatic ones.	1983	6399735
purification and characterization of excretory and secretory antigen of toxocara canis larvae.	excretory/secretory (es) antigen of toxocara canis larvae was isolated from the culture medium of second-stage larvae by gel filtration. the antigen induced production of not only igm or igg but also ige antibody. the antigen, when treated with guanidine hydrochloride and 2-mercaptoethanol, lost its allergenic activity but retained an ability to induce igm or igg antibody. purified antigen was of glycoprotein nature and had a molecular weight of 35,000. the whole antigen showed a cross-reaction ...	1983	6411609
toxocariasis: a neglected entity.	toxocara canis infects many dogs yet has been seldom implicated as a cause of human disease in new zealand. nine patients with diagnostic titres for toxocara canis who were seen in christchurch hospital over a five-year period are described. ophthalmoscopic signs of toxocaral infection were visible at the optic disc or posterior pole of all ten affected eyes. a localised disciform detachment of the macula or a focal granuloma on the disc or retina were the commonest lesions. vision was reduced t ...	1983	6578425
trapping of large numbers of larvae in the livers of toxocara canis-reinfected mice.	congenitally athymic nude mice (balb/c-nu/nu) and balb/c-nu/+ were infected with 500 embryonated toxocara canis eggs. six weeks later they were reinfected with the same number of eggs. the liver and other organs were examined for numbers of 2nd-stage larvae at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after reinfection. far more larvae were trapped in the liver after reinfection than after the primary infection but fewer were found in the livers of balb/c-nu/nu than in balb/c-nu/+ mice.	1983	6603485
ocular toxocara canis infection: clinical and experimental features.		1983	6604970
sclerosing endophthalmitis in children: computed tomography with histopathologic correlation.	three children with histopathologically diagnosed sclerosing endophthalmitis presumably secondary to toxocara canis were studied by orbital computed tomography. the diffuse increased intraocular density present in the ct scans was indistinguishable from that observed in coats's disease and non-calcifying retinoblastoma. although retinoblastoma constitutes the major life-threatening cause of leukocoria in children, a number of other simulating conditions (pseudoglioma) can cause diagnostic confus ...	1983	6605422
toxocara canis endophthalmitis with low elisa titer.	a five-year old boy had clinical findings consistent with ocular toxocariasis, blood eosinophilia, and repetitive negative (titer 1:2) elisa. the eye was enucleated and larval fragments consistent with toxocara were present within an eosinophilic granuloma in the vitreous cavity overlying a chorioretinal scar entrance site.	1983	6606373
in vitro interaction of eosinophils from ascarid-infected eyes with ascaris suum and toxocara canis larvae.	the role of eosinophils in ocular ascarid infection is studied in an animal model. primary intravitreal infection of guinea-pig eyes with ascarid (toxocara canis, ascaris suum) second-stage (l2) larvae resulted in an anterior chamber exudate containing 98% or more eosinophils. anterior chamber aspirates were cultured in rpmi media 1640 with t. canis or a. suum l2 larvae at 37 degrees c for 1-96 hours. the in vitro interaction of eosinophils with l2 larvae was studied by light, and scanning and t ...	1983	6618795
further observations concerning the diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome.	diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) is a clinical syndrome characterized early by visual loss, vitritis, papillitis, and recurrent crops of gray-white retinal lesions and later by progressive visual loss, optic atrophy, retinal vessel narrowing, and diffuse pigment epithelial degeneration. evidence is presented that it is caused by a nematode that is probably not toxocara canis; that at least two nematodes of different sizes are involved; that there are at least two endemic areas f ...	1983	6639421
the accumulation of toxocara canis larvae in the brains of mice.		1983	6642866
[viscera larva migrans syndrome in children: description of a case].	the aa describe a case of larva migrans visceral syndrome in a two year-old boy in systemic form with negative outcome. the autoptic examination showed a "granulomatous hepatitis with marked component of eosinophil cells'. the presence of "eosinophil granuloma' in liver has led to the diagnosis of visceral larva migrans syndrome; other possible causes of ipereosinophilous syndrome have been excluded on the basis of anamnestic, clinic and laboratory data. the discovery in the medical history of f ...	1983	6647089
prevalence of helminth parasites of dogs in lusaka, zambia.	eighty-five dogs were examined and the numbers and types of helminth parasites found were recorded. forty per cent of the dogs were infected with one or more helminth parasites. the most prevalent helminths were the cestodes dipylidium caninum (24.7%) and taenia hydatigena (17.64%). infections were evenly distributed with sex of host. juvenile dogs were more commonly infected with toxocara canis than adults whereas all other helminths were found more in adult dogs.	1983	6649062
a relation between antibody response and acetylcholinesterase activity in dogs and rabbits infected with toxocara canis.	a relation between igg antibodies and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activities was observed in the sera of dogs and rabbits infected with toxocara canis (t. canis). no antibodies were found in the sera of dogs' fetuses and newborns, more over their ache levels were lower than the ones registered in the sera of adult dogs. the ache levels of both, the mother dog and the newborn puppies, reached the same level 3 months after delivery. similar results were obtained in the sera of puppies and adult do ...	1983	6649983
the igm antibody activities in relation to the parasitologic status of toxocara canis in dogs.	in order to interpret the relation between the igm antibody activities to toxocara canis (t. canis) and the parasitologic status, sera from puppies and adult dogs were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. at the same time, autopsy was performed on these dogs for counting the number of t. canis worms and stool examination was carried out for observing the fertilization of eggs. the rates of infection by t. canis in the dogs decreased with age. the number of worms in the intestines r ...	1983	6649984
experimental ocular toxocara canis and ascaris suum infection: in vivo and in vitro study.		1983	6659031
detection of specific igm antibodies to toxocaral es antigen: effect of absorption of sera with protein a sepharose.	the activity of both the igg and igm antibodies to es antigen from toxocara canis larvae was tested before and after absorption of sera by protein a sepharose 4b (pasb). for this purpose, the elisa technique was applied to the sera from 12 dogs and 6 infants. the effect of absorption of sera by pasb was as follows. the average values before and after absorption in dog sera were 0.11 and 0.02, respectively. the same effect was observed in the infant sera. of the 12 dog sera tested, four had a ele ...	1983	6659738