Publications

first molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in two naturally infected dogs of buenos aires, argentina.	large piroplasms (>2.5microm) were detected by direct microscopical investigation in 34 out of 16,767 (0.20%) canine blood smears in the southern region of greater buenos aires. genomic dna was extracted from two parasitemic dogs and the hypervariable 18s rna gene region of the pathogen was specifically amplified, sequenced, and aligned with corresponding gene sequences available in the genbank. phylogenetic trees were constructed and compared. 18s rna gene sequences reliably segregated in three ...	2008	18786765
a survey for infection with dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and babesia canis in feral and client-owned dogs in the turks and caicos islands, british west indies.	the frequency of infection with dirofilaria immitis and babesia canis and seropositivity to ehrlichia canis and borrelia burgdorferi in feral and client-owned dogs was determined. feral dogs were 14.8 and 11.2 times more likely to be seropositive to d. immitis and e. canis, respectively, than were client-owned dogs. none of the dogs tested positive for b. burgdorferi or b. canis.	2008	18624070
serum cardiac troponin i concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis.	ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs.	2008	18638021
a study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for leishmania sp., babesia canis and ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test.	to verify the presence of cross-reaction among leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in serological diagnostics used in human visceral leishmaniasis control programs, serum samples from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic areas were collected and tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all serum samples from endemic areas were positive for leishmania sp., by elisa and ifat, 51% positive for babesia canis and 43% for ehrlichia canis by ...	2008	18554433
molecular characterization of babesia kiwiensis from the brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli).	to further investigate the recently described avian piroplasm, babesia kiwiensis, blood samples were collected from 13 wild-caught and 8 zoo-captive brown kiwi (apteryx mantelli) and screened for the presence of piroplasm dna using a nested-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the 18s rrna gene of most members of piroplasmida. all captive birds gave a negative pcr result, while 12 wild-caught birds were pcr positive. the nearly full-length 18s rrna gene for b. kiwiensis was sequenced. upon ...	2008	18564765
assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi by pcr assay.	canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either babesia gibsoni or babesia canis protozoans. the latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli and b. canis rossi. the objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a pcr assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. first, the reference sequences of the 18s rrna, 5.8s rrna and 28s rrna genes, including the internal transcrib ...	2008	18242863
plasma insulin concentrations in hypoglycaemic dogs with babesia canis rossi infection.	hypoglycaemia has been identified as a life-threatening metabolic complication in almost 20% of severely ill dogs suffering from babesiosis due to babesia canis rossi infection, and has been correlated with mortality. hyperinsulinaemia as a result of inappropriate insulin secretion may precipitate hypoglycaemia, and has been suggested as a possible cause of hypoglycaemia in human and murine malaria. this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, including 94 dogs with naturally occurrin ...	2008	18164550
[dogs babesiosis--still actually problem].	babesiosis (piroplasmosis) is a tick-borne disease with a symptoms of hemolytic anemia. for the first time babesiosis was described in dogs in united states in 1934. the etiological factor of this disease in poland is protozoa babesia canis, and its vector--dermacentor-tick. the most common symptoms of babesiosis are: icterus, hemoglobinuria, occasionally vomits and diarrhea. the biochemical examination of blood serum from sick animals can reveal the increase of activity of ast, alt, the increas ...	2008	18702315
a pcr-based epidemiological survey of hepatozoon canis in dogs in nigeria.	the prevalence of hepatozoon canis infections in dogs in nigeria was surveyed using molecular methods. dna was extracted from blood samples obtained from 400 dogs. a primer set that amplified the babesia canis 18s rrna gene, which has high similarity to the h. canis 18s rrna gene, was used for the pcr. as a result, samples from 81 dogs (20.3%) produced 757 bp bands, which differed from the 698 bp band that corresponded to b. canis infection. the sequence of the pcr products of 10 samples were de ...	2008	18685252
babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli clinicopathological findings and dna detection by means of pcr-rflp in blood from italian dogs suspected of tick-borne disease.	the aims of this study were to determine the presence of babesia spp. in blood samples from italian dogs with clinical signs compatible with tick-borne diseases by means of pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and describe the clinicopathological findings of dogs with babesia infection. we evaluated the majority of canine babesiosis cases by means of clinical history, physical examination, hematological, biochemical, serum electrophoresis, urinalysis and hemostatic tests. forty-fi ...	2008	18789581
the scintigraphic evaluation of the pulmonary perfusion pattern of dogs hospitalised with babesiosis.	the possibility of coagulopathy in babesia canis rossi infections in the canine patient has been suggested in the literature, but minimal work has been done to evaluate the clinicopathological nature of it in further detail. pulmonary thromboembolism (pte) has not yet been implicated in canine babesiosis (cb), but may also be one of the causes of the sudden dyspnoea and tachypnoea that are frequently seen in complicated cb patients. the objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate the s ...	2008	18846852
babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli infections in dogs from northern portugal.	canine babesiosis represents an important veterinary medical problem. this study describes the molecular characterization of babesial parasites detected in eight clinically suspected dogs from northern portugal, affected by lethargy, muscle tremors, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, hyperthermia or red-coloured urine. microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears showed large intraerythrocytic piroplasms morphologically compatible with babesia canis in all eight animals. dna was extracted ...	2008	18602757
[occurrence and molecular characterization of babesia species in a canine hospital population in the londrina region, parana state, brazil].	canine babesiosis is a worldwide disease caused by the protozoan of babesia genus. babesia canis and b. gibsoni are both species that naturally infect dogs. the objective of this study was to evaluate the infection of babesia species in dogs attended at the londrina state university veterinary teaching hospital (hv-uel). it was selected 282 dogs seen at the londrina state university veterinary teaching hospital (hv-uel) between april of 2005 and may of 2006. they presented anemia (packed cell vo ...	2008	20059862
diversity ofbabesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia.	babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species ofbabesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterized by p ...	2009	19640468
comparison of babesia rossi and babesia canis isolates with emphasis on effects of vaccination with soluble parasite antigens: a review.	babesia canis and b. rossi are large babesia species that infect dogs and cause clinical disease. the spectrum of disease is highly diverse with either parasite, but upon evaluation of field cases it has been suggested that in general b. rossi is more virulent than b. canis. this difference was also found in experimental infections using b. canis and b. rossi isolates and appeared to be related to a difference in parasitaemia. whether this difference reflects the essential difference between b. ...	2009	19831266
alterations in some blood coagulation parameters in naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis.	changes in coagulation parameters were studied in dogs naturally infected with babesia canis canis (n = 30), and haemostasis was evaluated and compared to values obtained from healthy dogs (n = 29). to date, there have not been any studies examining the dynamics of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in cases of canine babesiosis. coagulation parameters evaluated before (day 0) and on days 1, 2, and 3 after treatment with imidocarb (6 mg/kg inj. s.c.) included the determination of platelet c ...	2009	19584042
canine piroplasmosis in italy: epidemiological aspects in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.	in italy, canine piroplasmosis is believed to be widespread, but few data are available on its presence in most areas. in 2005 and 2006, vertebrate and invertebrate hosts were investigated in central and northern regions of the country. microscopy on blood smears, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 420 blood samples collected from dogs, in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and to identify possible risk factors. moreover, ticks were analyzed by molecular techniqu ...	2009	19632786
use of chimeric dna-rna primers in quantitative pcr for detection of ehrlichia canis and babesia canis.	to overcome the problem of nonspecific by-products in quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays, we constructed dna-rna chimeric primers and evaluated their use in the detection and quantification of the ehrlichia canis 16s rrna, babesia canis hsp70, and canine beta-actin genes. several rna bases were incorporated into specific positions in the dna primers, while no rna stretches were allowed. qpcr reactions were carried out without preamplification steps. this resulted in decreased formation of undesirabl ...	2009	19633128
new localities of dermacentor reticulatus tick (vector of babesia canis canis) in central and eastern poland.	dermacentor reticulatus tick is a vector and final host of babesia canis canis, protozoan parasite of the dog. in poland and other european countries, endemic regions for canine babesiosis caused by b. canis canis are the same as endemic regions for d. reticulatus. in many of these regions, canine babesiosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in dogs. in europe, increasing range of geographical distribution of d. reticulatus is observed. a consequence of this fact may be increasing range o ...	2009	20169932
the clinical course of babesiosis in 76 dogs infected with protozoan parasites babesia canis canis.	the aim of the study was to trace the clinical course of babesiosis in 76 dogs infected with babesia canis protozoa and to assess the usefulness of pcr method in the routine diagnosis of the disease. the investigations were conducted in three successive seasons of the biological activity of ticks on dogs displaying possible clinical signs of babesiosis, the latter assigned individual numbers from 001 to 076. all the animals underwent routine clinical examinations and blood was collected for haem ...	2009	19459444
diversity of babesia and theileria species in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs in croatia.	babesiosis, the disease caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia, is particularly common in dogs, and is caused by several "large" species of babesia, as well as by an increasing number of "small" species of babesia, some of which appear to be more closely related to members of the genus theileria. in this work, blood samples were collected from 848 randomly selected, asymptomatic dogs and from 81 symptomatic dogs, microscopically positive for babesia, and characterised by ...	2009	19367832
detection of erythrocyte binding igm and igg by flow cytometry in sick dogs with babesia canis canis or babesia canis vogeli infection.	the aim of this study was to examine by means of flow cytometry immunophenotyping (fci) if sick dogs infected with babesia canis canis (b. c. canis) or babesia canis vogeli (b. c. vogeli) had anti-erythrocyte membrane binding igg and/or igm at the time of diagnosis. diagnosis of babesia infection was assessed by blood smear and by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 30 sick dogs. signalment, clinical history, physical examination and laboratory tests of b. c. canis (n=24) an ...	2009	19269745
molecular analysis of the rrna genes of babesia spp and ehrlichia canis detected in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil.	the partial dna sequences of the 18s rrna gene of babesia canis and the 16s rrna gene of ehrlichia canis detected in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil, were compared to sequences from other strains deposited in genbank. the e. canis strain circulating in ribeirão preto is identical to other strains previously detected in the region, whereas the subspecies babesia canis vogeli is the main babesia strain circulating in dogs from ribeirão preto.	2009	24031351
detection of a large unnamed babesia piroplasm originally identified in dogs in north carolina in a dog with no history of travel to that state.	a 12-year-old 46-kg (101.2-lb) sexually intact male labrador retriever was evaluated because of lymphadenomegaly. the dog resided in texas, and its travel history included many southeastern and eastern shore states but not north carolina.	2009	19793016
hemoprotozoa of domestic animals in france: prevalence and molecular characterization.	very limited information is available on epizootiology of haematozoan infections in french domestic animals. in an attempt to address this issue, prevalence of piroplasmida was studied in carnivores and ruminants, whereas prevalence of hepatozoon spp. was only investigated in carnivores. in total, 383 animals were included in the survey (namely 116 cats, 108 dogs, 91 sheep and 68 cows). parasite diagnosis was carried out using molecular methods such as pcr and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene. in ...	2009	19013719
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.	this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...	2009	18723199
[western blot, elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test evaluation of leishmania (leishmania) infantum-infected dogs].	evaluating canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnostic test performance in colombia and adapting the western blot test in naturally and experimentally infected dogs.	2009	20169220
detection of the dna of borrelia afzelii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia canis in blood samples from dogs in warsaw.	each month, from march 2003 to february 2004, 34 blood samples from dogs were randomly selected from the blood samples delivered to two veterinary laboratories in warsaw and tested for the dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia canis and hepatozoon canis. borrelia dna was detected in seven of the 408 dogs, a phagocytophilum dna was found in two, and b canis dna was found in 48 (11.8 per cent). the dna of h canis was not found in any of the blood samples. seque ...	2009	19363228
ticks and haemoparasites of dogs from praia, cape verde.	in february 2008 an epidemiological field study on arthropod-borne infections in dogs was carried out in praia, the capital city of cape verde. for this purpose 130 dogs were included in the study. of these, 94.6% were infested with ticks. altogether, 1293 ticks of the genus rhipicephalus (in all evaluated cases r. sanguineus) were collected. examination for haemotropic parasites was performed via polymerase chain reaction (pcr). lymph node fine-needle aspirates were screened by pcr for leishman ...	2009	19729247
comparison between a soluble antigen-based elisa and ifat in detecting antibodies against babesia canis in dogs.	an available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was studied for the detection of anti-b. canis antibodies in the sera of dogs using, indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) as a reference test. elisa uses a soluble antigenic preparation of b. canis and the optimal dilutions of the antigen, serum and conjugate were determined by check board titration, using positive and negative reference serum. the soluble antigen preparation of b. canis merozoites was 10 microg x ml(-1), with reference ...	2009	19772774
[factors associated the seropositivity for babesia, toxoplasma, neospora e leishmania in dogs attended at nine veterinary clinics in the municipality of lavras, mg].	the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and evaluate the infuence of age, sex and breed in seropositivity anti-babesia canis, toxoplasma gondii, leishmania (l.) chagasi and neospora caninum, by means of the indirect immunofuorescence antibody test (ifat), in serum samples collected from dogs attended in nine private veterinary clinics in municipality of lavras, minas gerais, brazil, from august 2000 to april 2002. of 300 dogs, 73.3% were seropositive (ifat>or=1:80) to b. cani ...	2009	20040191
babesia canis and other tick-borne infections in dogs in central poland.	vector-borne infections constitute increasing health problem in dogs worldwide, including sled dogs, dramatically decreasing the fitness of working dogs and even leading to death. in the period 2006-2008 eighty-two blood samples were collected from eight sled dog kennels in central poland. the prevalence of four vector-borne infections (babesia canis, bartonella sp., anaplasma/ehrlichia and borrelia burgdorferi) was estimated in 82 sled dogs using pcr and nested pcr for diagnosis and the same me ...	2009	19837515
the first detection of babesia eu1 and babesia canis canis in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) collected in urban and rural areas in northern poland.	ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in poland, is a known vector of such pathogenic microorganisms as tbe viruses, borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia helvetica, babesia divergens and b. microti in our country. our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit other babesiae of medical and veterinary importance. dna extracts of 1392 ticks (314 nymphs, 552 male and 526 female ticks) collected in urban and rural areas in the pomer ...	2009	19899616
detection of babesia canis subspecies and other arthropod-borne diseases in dogs from tirana, albania.	summary. the importance of arthropod-borne diseases increased in the recent past in particular due to frequent travel with dogs in or by importing of dogs from regions with endemic occurrence of these diseases. while the epidemiological situation is well known for the western parts of the mediterranean, only limited data is available for eastern europe and the balkans. thirty clinically healthy dogs from suburban areas of tirana, albania, were tested for babesia canis, hepatozoon spp., leishmani ...	2009	19915816
pcr survey of vectorborne pathogens in dogs living in and around barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniasis.	blood samples from 153 dogs living in and around barcelona were assayed for leishmania infantum and ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, hepatozoon, babesia and theileria species by pcr amplification of dna, and the amplicons obtained were sequenced. the prevalence of the infectious agents was l infantum (29.4 per cent), ehrlichia and anaplasma species (4.0 per cent), hepatozoon canis (3.3 per cent), babesia canis vogeli (2.0 per cent), babesia gibsoni (2.0 per cent), babesia canis cani ...	2009	19168881
systemic inflammatory responses in dogs experimentally infected with babesia canis; a haematological study.	a detailed haematological study of dogs that were infected with low, moderate or high numbers of babesia canis-infected red blood cells was performed in an attempt to elucidate the pathogenesis early after b. canis infection. results showed that upon infection the c-reactive protein (crp) level in plasma increased prior to the detection of parasites in the blood indicative of an acute phase reaction. the response was further characterised by fever, fibrinogenaemia, thrombocytopenia and leucopoen ...	2009	19269099
molecular detection of anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis in dogs from the north of portugal.	tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogens belonging to the ehrlichia and anaplasma genera can infect dogs and humans. in this study, four dogs from the north of portugal, in which an ehrlichial disease was suspected clinically, were tested by molecular methods. after dna extraction from blood on filter paper, a 345 bp fragment of the ehrlichia/anaplasma 16s rrna gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). sequence analysis of pcr products revealed one dog infected with ehrlichia cani ...	2010	19056304
frequency and therapy monitoring of canine babesia spp. infection by high-resolution melting curve quantitative fret-pcr.	babesia gibsoni and babesia canis are the etiological agents of canine babesiosis, a protozoal hemolytic disease with global significance. canine babesiosis has been diagnosed by microscopic identification of intra-erythrocytic trophozoites in blood smear, and by serological testing. here we developed a quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret)-pcr that amplifies a fragment of the babesia spp. 18s rrna gene with high sensitivity and specificity. melting curve analysis differenti ...	2010	19931290
babesiosis caused by a large babesia species in 7 immunocompromised dogs.	a large unnamed babesia species was detected in a dog with lymphoma. it was unknown if this was an underrecognized pathogen.	2010	20002547
molecular evidence of natural infection with babesia canis canis in croatia.	the aim of the present study was to detect and characterise the species and subspecies of babesia spp. that cause canine babesiosis in croatia. twenty-eight dogs with typical signs of babesiosis (lethargy, anorexia, fever, dark urine and thrombocytopenia) were included in this study. their blood smears showed the presence of babesia canis . the results showed the detection of one subspecies, namely babesia canis canis using pcr, and subsequent sequence analysis demonstrated portions of the nss r ...	2010	20159737
high prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs from an indian reservation in northeastern arizona.	we evaluated the serological and molecular prevalence of selected organisms in 145 dogs during late spring (may/june) of 2005 and in 88 dogs during winter (february) of 2007 from the hopi indian reservation. additionally, in 2005, 442 ticks attached to dogs were collected and identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus. infection with or exposure to at least one organism was detected in 69% and 66% of the dogs in may/june 2005 and february 2007, respectively. exposure to spotted fever group (sfg) ric ...	2010	19469667
canine babesiosis in northern portugal and molecular characterization of vector-borne co-infections.	abstract:	2010	20377861
imported and travelling dogs as carriers of canine vector-borne pathogens in germany.	abstract:	2010	20377872
molecular survey and genetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in metropolitan recife (north-eastern brazil).	to identify dna of the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs from recife (brazil), polymerase chain reactions were carried out on blood samples of dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of the universidade federal rural de pernambuco from march 2007 to june 2008. the detection of dna was performed using specific primers. amplicons were analyzed through electrophoresis and sequencing. a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the upgma method, revealing that the sequences were closely related to tho ...	2010	20680344
survey for tick-borne zoonoses in the state of espirito santo, southeastern brazil.	blood samples collected from 201 humans, 92 dogs, and 27 horses in the state of espirito santo, brazil, were tested by polymerase chain reaction, indirect immunofluorescence assays, and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for tick-borne diseases (rickettsiosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, borreliosis, babesiosis). our results indicated that the surveyed counties are endemic for spotted fever group rickettsiosis because sera from 70 (34.8%) humans, 7 (7.6%) dogs, and 7 (25.9%) horses were ...	2010	20595502
evidence of new pathogenic theileria species in dogs.	babesiosis, caused by tick-borne haematozoan organisms of the genus babesia, is a parasitic disease of domestic and wild mammals. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. recent publications, however, suggest that the diversity of piroplasm species infecting dogs might be greater than previously appreciated. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ssrrna gene ...	2010	21526030
babesia canis and babesia rossi co-infection in an untraveled nigerian dog.	a sexually intact 6-month-old female alsatian dog was presented to the veterinary clinic of the national veterinary research institute, vom, plateau state, nigeria, for the following complaints: anorexia, hemoglobinuria, fever, tick infestation and general malaise. microscopy revealed piroplasms with a wide range of sizes (1-5 μm in length) in red blood cells, raising a suspicion of a co-infection with two or more babesia species. specific pcr assays for canine babesia spp. and dna sequencing re ...	2010	20705395
validation of a leishmania infantum elisa rapid test for serological diagnosis of leishmania chagasi in dogs.	canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is caused by leishmania donovani complex parasites including l. donovani, leishmania infantum and leishmania chagasi. as some studies suggest that l. chagasi and l. infantum may be very similar or even the same species, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a commercial rapid elisa test, originally designed for l. infantum, in the diagnosis of cvl in dogs naturally infected by l. chagasi. a total of 400 serum canine samples, including 283 positive dogs ...	2010	21030153
[from piroplasmosis to babesiosis--problems with classification of babesia protozoa isolated from dogs].	babesia and theileria are the tick-borne parasites belonging to the order piroplasmida. both of them cause a severe disease with symptoms of hemolytic anemia. the main etiological factors of canine piroplasmosis are protozoa babesia. there are two species of this pathogen infective for dogs: babesia canis and babesia gibsoni. based on the results of molecular biology techniques it is possible to distinguish them as well as many subspecies or strains. it is known since quite some time that there ...	2010	20707294
in vitro cultivation of babesia canis canis parasites isolated from dogs in poland.	the aim of this study was to perform in vitro cultivation of babesia canis protozoa isolated from dogs with clinical babesiosis. a primary culture initiated in rpmi-1640 medium supplemented with 40% canine serum supported parasite growth in vitro in 5% carbon dioxide in air atmosphere. subsequent subcultures into hl-1 medium with 40% dog serum or emem with 40% foetal bovine serum also supported parasite propagation. the parasites have been continuously cultured through six passages, although the ...	2010	21127906
soluble parasite antigens from babesia canis do not directly activate the kallikrein system in dogs infected with babesia canis.	soluble parasite antigens (spa) from babesia canis have been shown to induce protective immunity when used as vaccine. in order to explain the immune mechanisms of vaccination, the precise role of spa in the pathogenesis of canine babesiosis is under investigation. earlier studies suggested that the plasma kallikrein system is central in the pathogenesis of babesiosis, malaria and trypanosomosis, and significant plasma kallikrein activation during acute b. bovis and p. knowlesi infections has be ...	2010	21130577
multiplex real-time qpcr for the detection of ehrlichia canis and babesia canis vogeli.	ehrlichia canis and babesia canis vogeli are two tick-borne canine pathogens with a worldwide importance. both pathogens are transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, which has an increasing global distribution. a multiplex quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay for the simultaneous detection of the tick-borne pathogens e. canis and b. canis vogeli was developed using dual-labeled probes. the target genes were the 16s rrna of e. canis and the heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) of ...	2010	20674177
application of the sybr green real-time hrm pcr technique in the differentiation of the babesia canis canis protozoa isolated in the areas of eastern poland.	the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the real-time polymerised chain reaction (pcr) high-resolution melting (hrm) method in the differentiation of the babesia canis canis protozoa isolated from dogs in the areas of eastern poland. the studies involved 20 isolates of b. canis canis qualified depending on the analysis of the 18s rna gene sequence to group a (eu 622792) and 20 isolates qualified to group b (eu 622793). it was proven with the real-time pcr technique that the melt ...	2010	20155367
development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid diagnosis of babesia canis infections.	vector-borne diseases are rising in interest due to global warming, which is believed to impact on the distribution of vectors into new areas thus influencing the occurrence and epidemiology of vector-borne pathogens. babesia canis belongs to the piroplasmidae and there are three described subspecies, namely b. canis canis, b. canis rossi and b. canis vogeli. they are each transmitted by a different tick-species, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis leachi and rhipicephalus sanguineus, respect ...	2010	20537107
a pcr study of piroplasms in 166 dogs and 111 horses in france (march 2006 to march 2008).	positive pcr results for piroplasms were obtained on edta blood samples from 166 dogs and 111 horses between march 2006 and march 2008. the organisms were initially identified using common primers, followed by restriction enzyme profiles to determine the species and types of babesia/theileria. in 27 dogs and eight horses with positive results, the size of the specimen was insufficient to separate species/types. we identified babesia canis canis in 105 of the 166 dogs (63%) and theileria equi in ...	2010	20221639
first case of babesiosis caused by babesia canis canis in a dog from norway.	an irish setter from the oslo area was presented to the clinic with signs of babesiosis, a few days after a tick bite. blood analysis confirmed babesiosis. microscopic examination of thin blood film revealed large, basophilic, bodies inside erythrocytes, indicative of a large babesia sp. molecular analysis using pcr, indicated the presence of a babesia spp. in the blood. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the pcr fragment revealed a sequence which was 100% identical to babesia canis canis 1 ...	2010	20378251
Qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of Leishmania in spleen samples from naturally infected dogs.	Because infected dogs are widely considered to be the main domestic reservoir for Leishmania infantum (syn Leishmania chagasi) parasites in Brazil, the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) must be made both accurately and promptly. The present study attempted to standardize a conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) protocol for the detection of L. infantum DNA in canine spleen samples. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique was used to confirm the presence of Leishmania DNA in the c ...	2011	21917379
postmortem small babesia-like morphology of babesia canis - short communication.	here we report a case of canine babesiosis with unusual morphology of the causative agent. a male, seven-week-old labrador retriever puppy, exhibiting severe anaemia and haemoglobinuria, was presented at the clinic of internal medicine in february 2011. the puppy was euthanised. the most relevant pathological changes were icterus, severe splenomegaly, generalised lymphadenopathy and haemoglobin nephrosis. samples were collected from various organs for histology within one hour post mortem. impre ...	2011	22079703
epidemiological aspects on vector-borne infections in stray and pet dogs from romania and hungary with focus on babesia spp.	canine arthropod-borne infections are of major interest in small animal practice and have been widely investigated in central and western europe. however, only limited epidemiological data are available from south-eastern european countries, although diseases including babesiosis or dirofilariosis are widely recognised as important canine infections in these countries. a steadily increasing number of dogs imported from south-eastern europe into germany require particular attention by small anima ...	2011	21947342
polymerase chain reaction confirmation of babesia canis canis and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs suspected of babesiosis in slovakia.	canine babesiosis was considered an imported tick transmitted disease until the first case of autochthonous canine babesiosis in slovakia was described in 2002. since then, the number of cases kept increasing every year. the causative agent of babesiosis in dogs is not yet characterized; therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the agent and the rate of infection in the vector tick d. reticulatus in slovakia. babesia canis canis was detected in 80 out of 87 blood samples from dogs with c ...	2011	21736486
molecular detection of hepatozoon canis and babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs from cuiabá, brazil.	the objective of this study was to report for the first time infection by hepatozoon spp. and babesia spp. in 10 dogs from the city of cuiabá, state of mato grosso, central-western brazil. a pair of primers that amplifies a 574 bp fragment of the 18s rrna of hepatozoon spp., and a pair of primers that amplifies a 551 bp fragment of the gene 18s rrna for babesia spp. were used. six dogs were positive for babesia spp., and 9 were positive for hepatozoon spp. co‑infection of babesia spp. and hepato ...	2011	21961759
retrospective evaluation of laboratory data on canine vector-borne infections from the years 2004-2008.	the detection and therapy of canine vector-borne diseases in imported dogs are of major importance in small animal practice. over the last years, the import of dogs from the mediterranean region and southeast europe has increased, countries often endemic for a variety of vector-borne diseases such as babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, leishmaniosis, dirofilariosis or ehrlichiosis. this retrospective study presents the evaluation of data from our diagnostic laboratory on vector-borne infections in impor ...	2011	21950219
[comparative safety study of two commercialised vaccines against canine babesiosis induced by babesia canis].	the safety of two vaccines available on the french market against canine babesiosis - nobivac piro® (np) and pirodog® (p) - have been evaluated. their local, general and biochemical impacts have been compared in a controlled experimental study. three groups were used: a control group (t) and two groups vaccinated twice at 21 days interval. all dogs presented moderate local reaction. however, either clinical and biological parameters showed that the np group presented a significantly more intense ...	2011	22091461
babesia canis rossi infection in a texas dog.	a 5-month-old intact male boerboel dog, imported from south africa 1 week previously, was presented to a texas veterinarian for lethargy, anorexia, and labored breathing. the dog was febrile, anemic, leukopenic, thrombocytopenic, and slightly azotemic. results of the idexx snap-4dx enzyme immunoassay were negative for dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. an edta blood sample analyzed at oklahoma state university ...	2011	21790699
babesiosis in dogs and cats-expanding parasitological and clinical spectra.	canine babesiosis caused by different babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. historically, babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. all large forms of babesia were designated babesia canis, whereas all small forms of babesia were considered to be babesia gibsoni. however, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other babesia species such as ba ...	2011	21571435
the epidemiology of canine babesia infections in zambia.	this study of 1196 dogs over a period of 18 months determined the seasonal infection patterns of canine babesiosis in lusaka, the capital city of zambia. the work also describes a retrospective study of the prevalence of canine babesiosis in laboratory clinical blood samples submitted to the university of zambia, school of veterinary medicine for routine haematological examination from the year 1994 to 2009. a cross-sectional study was also performed to determine the levels of babesia in a low-i ...	2011	21257212
the prevention of transmission of babesia canis canis by dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs using a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (s)-methoprene.	four groups of seven dogs were treated topically with a novel combination of fipronil, amitraz and (s)-methoprene in a spot-on formulation (certifect™, merial limited, ga, usa) on 28, 21, 14 and 7 days prior to tick infestation, respectively and acaricidal efficacy and transmission blocking compared with an untreated control group (seven dogs). all dogs were infested with adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks harbouring babesia canis canis. babesia canis canis was transmitted by d. reticulatus to ...	2011	21777737
molecular and serological detection of ehrlichia canis and babesia vogeli in dogs in colombia.	ehrlichiosis and babesiosis are tick-borne diseases, caused mainly by ehrlichia canis and babesia canis, respectively, with a worldwide occurrence in dogs, whose main vector is the brown-dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. the present work aimed to detect the presence of e. canis and babesia sp. in 91 dog blood samples in colombia, by molecular and serological techniques. we also performed sequence alignment to indicate the identity of the parasite species infecting these animals. the present wo ...	2011	22130333
Canine babesiosis in Romania due to Babesia canis and Babesia vogeli: a molecular approach.	Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the protozoa Babesia spp. that affects dogs worldwide. In Romania, canine babesiosis has become quite frequent in the last few years, with a wide variety of clinical signs, ranging from mild, nonspecific illness to peracute collapse, and even death. Traditionally, a Babesia infection in dogs is diagnosed based on the morphologic appearance of the intraerythrocytic piroplasms observed in peripheral blood smears. To date, no data on genetic chara ...	2011	22006189
phylogenetic characterization of babesia canis vogeli in dogs in the state of goiás, brazil.	the genus babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. dogs are commonly affected by babesia canis or babesia gibsoni. babesia canis is divided into the subspecies babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi. among these, babesia canis vogeli predominates in brazil. the objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on babesia isolates from dogs in goiânia, goiás. blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs sugg ...	2011	22166380
west-to-east differences of babesia canis canis prevalence in dermacentor reticulatus ticks in slovakia.	babesia canis canis is the most frequent causative agent of canine babesiosis in central europe, frequently causing severe disease. recently, many new endemic foci of this disease have been reported from european countries. growing incidence of canine babesiosis was recorded also in slovakia during the last decade, from first cases in eastern slovakia ten years ago to recent cases all over the south of the country. we have used nested pcr-rflp method to study prevalence of b. c. canis in its nat ...	2011	21514057
the factors affecting the distribution of babesiosis in dogs in poland.	the aim of this paper was to determine the factors affecting the development of canine babesiosis in poland. the studies included 800 animals from 16 polish voivodeships-districts (50 from each voivodeship) with suspected piroplasmosis. hematological and molecular tests confirmed infections in 158 animals. analysis of the genetic material using the real-time sybr green hrm technique showed that 96 dogs were infected with babesia canis 18s rna-a and 62 with b. canis 18s rna-b. it was observed tha ...	2011	21524856
canine vector-borne disease in travelled dogs in germany-a retrospective evaluation of laboratory data from the years 2004-2008.	when importing dogs from various mediterranean countries into western europe canine vector-borne infections are often considered as a major issue. several diseases including babesiosis, leishmaniosis, hepatozoonosis, canine heartworm disease or ehrlichiosis can potentially be endemic in this region and pose a potential health risk for travelling dogs. information on such infections in travelled dogs is scarce and therefore this study has been undertaken to examine the frequency of vector-borne i ...	2011	21565447
molecular detection of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma platys, candidatus midichloria mitochondrii and babesia canis vogeli in ticks from israel.	: ticks are vectors of important pathogens of human and animals. therefore, their microbial carriage capacity is constantly being investigated. the aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of domestic animal pathogens in ticks collected from vegetation and the ground, from different parts of israel. non-engorged questing adult ticks were collected from 13 localities. a total of 1196 ticks in 131 pools-83 pools of rhipicephalus turanicus and 48 of rhipicephalus sanguineus (with two to ...	2011	20636417
validation of an elisa method for the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis due to brucella canis.	in the present study, the validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serodiagnosis of canine brucellosis is described. two different antigenic extracts, obtained by heat or ultrasonic homogenization of microbial antigens from a wild isolate of brucella canis bacteria, were compared by elisa and western blot (wb). a total of 145 canine sera were used to define sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the elisa as follows: (1) sera from 34 animals with natural b. canis infectio ...	2011	20692004
molecular and serological detection of babesia spp. in neotropical and exotic carnivores in brazilian zoos.	large and small piroplasms have been observed in the blood smears of various wild carnivores, but few studies utilizing molecular characterization have been done. the goal of this present study was to investigate the presence of babesia sp. by molecular and serologic techniques in exotic and neotropical carnivores maintained in captivity at brazilian zoos. blood and sera samples were collected from 146 brazilian wild felids, 21 exotic felids, 1 genet (genetta tigrina), 3 european wolves (canis l ...	2011	22946386
analysis of the culture-derived soluble babesia canis canis antigens derived from the polish strains of the parasites.	objective, material and methods: the aim of this study was to analyse the protein fractions of the soluble parasitic antigen (spa) from in vitro cultures of the native polish strains of babesia canis canis and to determine their immunogenicity through western blotting using the sera of dogs vaccinated with this antigen.	2012	23242220
increased ast/alt ratio in azotaemic dogs infected with babesia canis.	the ast/alt ratio was estimated in 182 dogs infected with babesia canis. among these dogs 65 had anaemia and 68 were azotaemic. student's t test was used to compare means of the ast/alt ratio in anaemic and non-anaemic dogs, and in azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs (p < 0.05). the differences in ast/alt ratio between anaemic (1.52 +/- 1.15) and non-anaemic (1.76 +/- 1.34) dogs were statistically insignificant (p = 0.23), however, the comparison of ast/alt ratio between azotaemic (2.68 +/- 1.52) a ...	2012	23214368
detection of leishmania infantum, babesia canis, and rickettsiae in ticks removed from dogs living in italy.	the aims of this study were to determine natural infections by anaplasma phagocytophilum/anaplasma platys, bartonella henselae, ehrlichia canis, leishmania infantum, rickettsia spp., babesia spp., and hepatozoon spp. by molecular methods in ticks (n=91) removed from dogs with clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities compatible with tick-borne diseases (n=22) living in italy and to assess the distribution and species of ticks encountered. ticks from dogs living in southern italy were all ident ...	2012	23182545
prevalence of antibodies against rickettsia conorii, babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens in dogs from the stretto di messina area (italy).	the aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence for rickettsia conorii, ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia canis in outdoor-kennelled dogs (n=249) from the stretto di messina (italy) and to compare seroprevalence in 2 public shelters and 4 privately-owned kennels where different tick-preventive measures were implemented in order to focus on the specific sanitary risk posed by public shelters in southern italy for tick-borne pathogens. r. conorii (72%) and b. cani ...	2012	23140895
a presumptive case of cerebral babesiosis in a dog in poland caused by a virulent babesia canis strain.	the aim of this paper was to present the first case of cerebral canine babesiosis due to infection by babesia canis in a dog in poland. a 5-year-old american staffordshire terrier was presented with an unusual clinical manifestation of acute babesiosis that included neurological signs and pancytopenia. despite treatment the dog died. diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears (detection of piroplasms in red blood cells) and post mortem examination of the brain ...	2012	23076021
parasites of domestic and wild canids in the region of serra do cipó national park, brazil.	over recent decades, diseases have been shown to be important causes of extinctions among wild species. greater emphasis has been given to diseases transmitted by domestic animals, which have been increasing in numbers in natural areas, along with human populations. this study had the aim of investigating the presence of intestinal helminths in wild canids (maned wolf, chrysocyon brachyurus, and crab-eating fox, cerdocyon thous) in the serra do cipó national park (43-44º w and 19-20º s) and endo ...	2012	23070438
molecular detection and characterization of potentially new babesia and theileria species/variants in wild felids from kenya.	piroplasms frequently infect domestic and wild carnivores. at present, there is limited information on the occurrence and molecular identity of these tick-borne parasites in wild felids in kenya. in 2009, a pair of captive lions (panthare leo) was diagnosed with suspected babesiosis and mineral deficiency at an animal orphanage on the outskirts of nairobi, kenya. blood smears indicated presences of haemoparasites in the erythrocytes, however, no further investigations were conducted to identify ...	2012	22796449
in-clinic laboratory diagnosis of canine babesiosis (babesia canis canis) for veterinary practitioners in central europe.	haematological changes in dogs and climatic conditions favourable for the vector may assist in the quick in-house diagnosis of canine babesiosis.	2012	22526812
use of a real time pcr for detecting subspecies of babesia canis.	this paper reports the development and use of a real time pcr for detection of babesia canis canis, b. canis rossi, and b. canis vogeli in endemic areas of brazil. the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (its) of several organisms were aligned and five primers and four probes were designed for amplification of a fragment (around 125 bp) which differentiates subspecies of b. canis. blood samples collected from dogs living in farms in three distinct rural regions within the state of minas ...	2012	22516643
[the prevalence of babesia canis canis in marsh ticks (dermacentor reticulatus) in the saarland].	an accumulation of autochthonous cases of canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis has been registered in a small animal clinic in the saarland since the beginning of 2006, some cases with fatal outcome. this study aims to contribute to the explanation of strong focal occurrence of infections with b. canis in this region.therefore, patient owners who had presented their dogs in the years 2006 and 2007 because of babesiosis and who had claimed not having left the saarland with their dogs at leas ...	2012	22515037
strong monovalent electrolyte imbalances in serum of dogs infected with babesia canis.	canine babesiosis is a systemic tick-borne protozoan disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus babesia. acid-base disorders and ion imbalances have been described in dogs infected with babesia rossi in south africa. in this paper, the authors describe changes to monovalent ion concentrations and calculated parameters of monovalent ions in 70 dogs naturally infected with b. canis, a species occurring in europe. hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hyperchloraemia, decrease of chloride gap, ...	2012	22463923
electrolyte level and blood ph in dogs infected by various 18s rna strains of babaesia canis canis on the early stage of babesiosis.	the purpose of the studies was to determine electrolyte disturbances and blood ph changes in dogs with babesiosis and possibly show a connection between the babesia (b.) canis strain causing the infection and the intensity of these irregularities. 40 animals (group 1) with early babesiosis and 40 healthy dogs (group 2) were studied and their blood ph and blood levels of potassium, chlorides; calcium and sodium were determined. at the same time, molecular typing of parasites was carried out to de ...	2012	22372324
first evidence and molecular characterization of babesia vogeli in naturally infected dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in southern france.	babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease of animals and humans caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genera babesia and theileria. in france canine babesiosis has a high prevalence with babesia canis thought to be the main aetiological agent of the disease. babesia vogeli has already been reported to occur in europe and in other countries around the mediterranean sea. the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus, the main known vector of b. vogeli, occurs in southern france. however, only one cas ...	2012	22342131
structural and functional characterization of bc28.1, major erythrocyte-binding protein from babesia canis merozoite surface.	babesiosis (formerly known as piroplasmosis) is a tick-borne disease caused by the intraerythrocytic development of protozoa parasites from the genus babesia. like plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malaria, or toxoplasma gondii, responsible for human toxoplasmosis, babesia belongs to the apicomplexa family. babesia canis is the agent of the canine babesiosis in europe. clinical manifestations of this disease range from mild to severe and possibly lead to death by multiple organ failure. the id ...	2012	22294693
canine babesiosis in europe: how many diseases?	babesiosis, recognized since ancient times as an important disease of livestock and more recently as an emerging disease in dogs worldwide, is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus babesia and is transmitted by ticks. the pathophysiology of canine babesiosis has been extensively studied but many questions remain unanswered, especially regarding the diversity of disease manifestations in different european countries. continued investigation of the similarities and differences in host- ...	2012	22265755
changes in the susppup ratio and fractional excretion of strong monovalent electrolytes in hospitalized dogs with canine babesiosis.	in this study an increased susppup ratio and fractional excretion of potassium in dogs infected with babesia canis suggested mineralocorticoid excess in canine babesiosis. a significant increase in strong monovalent electrolyte fractional excretions in azotaemic dogs infected with b. canis probably resulted from acute tubular necrosis.	2012	23390771
species, developmental stage and infection with microbial pathogens of engorged ticks removed from dogs and questing ticks.	research into tick-borne diseases implies vector sampling and the detection and identification of microbial pathogens. ticks were collected simultaneously from dogs that had been exposed to tick bites and by flagging the ground in the area in which the dogs had been exposed. in total, 200 ticks were sampled, of which 104 came from dogs and 96 were collected by flagging. these ticks were subsequently examined for dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp. a ...	2012	22882652
evaluation of an elisa for canine leishmaniasis immunodiagnostic using recombinant proteins.	the present work describes the isolation and purification of two leishmania chagasi (= syn. leishmania infantum) recombinant proteins, rlci2b and rlci1a, and their use in the development of an immunoassay for the diagnostic of canine leishmaniasis. after protein expression and cell disruption, rlci2b was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography followed by size exclusion chromatography, whereas rlci1a, expressed as an inclusion body, was treated with urea and purified by anion-excha ...	2012	21929686
acaricidal activity of ethanolic extract from aerial parts of tagetes patula l. (asteraceae) against larvae and engorged adult females of rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806).	the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus is the species with the largest worldwide distribution and is proven to be involved in the transmission of pathogens such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia ricketsii, rickettsia conorii, among others. studies have demonstrated acquisition of resistance to some of the active principles used in commercial formulations of acaricides. tagetes patula (asteraceae) is a plant with highlighted economic and commercial importance due to the ...	2012	23244493
feline vector-borne pathogens in the north and centre of portugal.	in recent years, several clinical cases and epidemiological studies of feline vector-borne diseases (fvbd) have been reported worldwide. nonetheless, information on fvbd agents and their prevalence in portugal is scarce.	2013	23587366
effect of owner-controlled acaricidal treatment on tick infestation and immune response to tick-borne pathogens in naturally infested dogs from eastern austria.	tick-borne infections resulting from regular tick infestation in dogs are a common veterinary health problem all over the world. the application of repellent and acaricidal agents to prevent transmission of pathogens is a major protection strategy and has been proven to be highly effective in several trials under laboratory and natural conditions in dogs. despite such promising results, many dog owners still report tick infestation in their dogs although acaricidal agents are used. information a ...	2013	23497548
vector-borne pathogens in ticks and edta-blood samples collected from client-owned dogs, kiev, ukraine.	due to the availability of adequate habitats in urban environments, e.g. city parks and recreational green areas, ticks from such settings may also carry pathogens of veterinary and public health concern. thus, tick-borne infections may readily be identified in companion animals residing in urbanised areas. to investigate the presence of vector-borne pathogens in kiev, ukraine, 52 engorged adult ticks, 33 dermacentor reticulatus and 19 ixodes ricinus, were collected from 15 dogs in the spring of ...	2013	23069260
analysis of pathogen co-occurrence in host-seeking adult hard ticks from serbia.	past studies in serbia have reported concurrent infections of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies, anaplasma phagocytophilum and francisella tularensis. as a step forward, this investigation included a broader range of microorganisms and five most common and abundant tick species in serbia. five tick species were identified (dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, h. concinna and i. ricinus) and analyzed for the presence of seven pathogen ...	2013	22773070
seroprevalence of babesia canis infection in clinically healthy dogs from western romania.	serum samples from 197 clinically healthy dogs residing in the banat region, the western historical part of romania, were assayed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the presence of anti-babesia canis antibodies. overall, the seroprevalence was 19.8% (39/197). the percent of seropositive dogs in rural areas (28.4%; 19/67) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to dogs living in urban areas (15.4%; 20/130). seroprevalence of b. canis infection in hunting dogs was also found to be s ...	2013	22681255