Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| purine metabolism in leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis. | we have studied purine metabolism in the culture forms of leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis. these organisms are incapable of synthesizing purines de novo from glycine, serine, or formate and require an exogenous purine for growth. this requirement is better satisfied by adenosine or hypoxanthine than by guanosine. both adenine and inosine are converted to a common intermediate, hypoxanthine, before transformation to nucleotides. this is due to the activity of an adenine aminohydro ... | 1978 | 719006 |
| intracellular multiplication of leishmania donovani during repeated passages in primary cultures of hamster peritoneal macrophages. | 1978 | 722464 | |
| leishmania infection of human skin fibroblasts in vitro: absence of phagolysosomal fusion after induced phagocytosis of promastigotes, and their intracellular transformation. | cellular interactions between human skin fibroblasts and promastigotes of two leishmanial species were studied in vitro by light and electron microscopy. fibroblasts were found to become infected by the species with a history of causing mucocutaneous infection, but not by that of the visceral type or leishmania donovani. scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that promastigotes of the invasive species entered fibroblasts flagellum-end first through pseudopodia-like structures for ... | 1978 | 727316 |
| [production of somatic and metabolic antigens of leishmania donovani with a modified culture medium]. | 1978 | 754653 | |
| leishmania donovani: ultrastructural localization of diaminobenzidine reactivity in the amastigotes. | intracellular amastigotes of leishmania donovani obtained from spleens of infected hamsters were studied by means of the diaminobenzidine technique for the presence of cytochromes and the activities of cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase. in the absence of h2o2, the oxidation of dab, evidenced by electron-dense deposits localized on the cristae, inclusions, and enveloping membranes of the mitochondria and kinetoplast, revealed the activity of the cytochrome oxidase and the presence of the cytochro ... | 1978 | 214907 |
| action of p-(4-amidino-phenoxy)-benzaldehyde-p-amidino-phenylhydrazone dihydrochloride on leishmania donovani infections in the golden hamster. | the chemotherapeutic effect of a new diamidine, hoe 668, the p-(4-amidino-phenoxy)-benzaldehyde-p-amidino-phenylhydrazone dihydrochloride, was compared with that of known anti-leishmanial drugs in golden hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. the effect of hoe 668 against visceral leishmaniasis proved superior to that of pentamidine isethionate and the pentavalent antimonial drugs, sodium stibogluconate and n-methylglucamine antimoniate. however, hoe 668 can be used only experimentally beca ... | 1978 | 216324 |
| leishmania donovani. hamster macrophage interactions in vitro: cell entry, intracellular survival, and multiplication of amastigotes. | an in vitro system was developed for studying host-parasite cellular interactions in visceral leishmaniasis with amastigotes isolated from infected spleens of hamsters and their peritoneal macrophages maintained by an improved method. the culture system supports the growth of leishmania donovani amastigotes with different parasite/macrophage ratios for up to 2 wk, yielding results more consistent and reproducible than previously possible. results indicated that the "forms" of the amastigotes (wi ... | 1978 | 564391 |
| effect of visceral leishmaniasis on congenitally athymic mice. | congenitally athymic mice were more susceptible to challenge with amastigotes of leishmania donovani than were their thymus-intact littermates. this increased susceptibility correlated with a lack of arthus and delayed-type responses when animals were skin tested with leishmanial antigen. | 1979 | 159259 |
| [kala-azar; clinical and physiopathological study a propos of a new case studied in switzerland]. | kala-azar, a parasitic disease caused by leishmania donovani, is usually found in tropical areas but may occasionally occur in other regions such as the mediterranean. a case of kala-azar in a women who had been on a holiday in greece is reported. the parasite was demonstrated in lymph node biopsies and bone marrow smears and treatment with stibogluconate was begun. high levels of circulating immune complexes were demonstrable before and during the demonstration of parasites; the immune complexe ... | 1979 | 219473 |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. iii. mapping of the locus controlling susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in the mouse. | acute susceptibility of the mouse to leishmania donovani is largely determined by a single locus designated lsh. linkage between the lsh locus and the chromosome 1 marker id-1 was detected using several sets of recombinant inbred strains. chromosome 1 linkage was confirmed in backcross generations using isoenzymes and a cytogenetic marker. the data indicate that the gene order is centromere-lsh-id-1-ln-dip-1. the estimated recombination frequency between lsh and id-1 is 0.12 +/- 0.04. this mappi ... | 1979 | 290436 |
| leishmania donovani: physicochemical, immunological, and biological characterization of excreted factor from promastigotes. | 1979 | 108128 | |
| antimalarials. 11. synthesis of 3- and 5-aminoquinolines as potential antimalarials. | a series of 3-quinolinediamines (1g, 2c, and 3e) structurally related to primaquine and 4-methylprimaquine have been prepared and tested for antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in mice and antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani in the hamster. all were inactive. in addition, three 5-quinolinediamines (4b, 5, and 6) were prepared. all were inactive against leishmania donovani in hamsters. one of the examples, 6, was curative against plasmodium cynmolgi in the rhesus mon ... | 1979 | 114654 |
| leishmanial excreted factor: protein-bound and free forms from promastigote cultures of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani. | leishmania spp. growing in culture produce an immunologically active substance called excreted factor (ef), which precipitates antibodies raised against intact cells and has been implicated as the conditioning agent for parasite infection of host macrophages. an improved method for isolation of the material is described, based on sephadex column chromatography of growth medium which had been boiled at ph 5.0. this procedure allows the detection of differences among the ef molecules of different ... | 1979 | 118936 |
| purine salvage enzymes in man and leishmania donovani. | 1979 | 121040 | |
| trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani, and l. mexicana: extract factor that lyses mammalian cells. | 1979 | 35361 | |
| regulation of leishmania populations within the host. iv. parasite and host cell kinetics studied by radioisotope labelling. | tritiated thymidine pulse labelling followed by autoradiography has been used to analyse the kinetics of leishmania donovani infections within the mouse host. resistant strains of mice show much lower parasite proliferation rates than do susceptible strains. in chronic infections the rate is also reduced. parasitised mononuclear phagocytes may undergo mitosis. no evidence for selective destruction of parasitised cells in chronic infections was found by labelling methods. it is possible to get pa ... | 1979 | 41426 |
| a comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test in the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in iran. | elisa and ifat have been applied to the sero-diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis and the levels of leishmanial antibody detected by leishmania donovani antigens in both tests have been compared. from the results it appears that elisa is a little more sensitive than ifat, but ifat seems to be more specific in detecting leishmanial antibodies. in both tests reactions between leishmanial antigen and some other infections, such as malaria and typhoid, were observed. these non-specific ... | 1979 | 382470 |
| metabolism of pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines in leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani. allopurinol, oxipurinol, and 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine. | leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis grown in culture formed millimolar concentrations of allopurinol ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate from [6-14c]allopurinol. in addition, allopurinol 1-ribonucleoside, oxipurinol riboside 5'-monophosphate, and three new metabolites of allopurinol, namely, 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and the corresponding di- and triphosphates (1-ribosyl 4-aminopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine 5'-diphosphate and 1-ribosyl 4-aminopyrazolo(3 ... | 1979 | 438170 |
| lipids of leishmania promastigotes. | a chromatographic analysis of lipids of cultured promastigotes of leishmania donovani, l. braziliensis, l. mexicana, l. tropica, l. enriettii, l. hertigi, l. adleri, and l. tarentolae showed that total lipids were 2--15% of dry wt, and neutral and polar lipids were 14--55% and 45--86% of total lipids. major lipid classes were as follows: sterol ester, triacylglycerol, sterol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine. predominant fatty acids were ... | 1979 | 448607 |
| nucleosidases from leishmania donovani. pyrimidine ribonucleosidase, purine ribonucleosidase, and a novel purine 2'-deoxyribonucleosidase. | 1979 | 468819 | |
| specificity of adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase from leishmania donovani. selective amination of an antiprotozoal agent. | 1979 | 468834 | |
| leishmania donovani: promastigote--macrophage surface interactions in vitro. | 1979 | 477809 | |
| in vitro light and electron microscope studies on different virulent promastigotes of leishmania donovani in hamster peritoneal macrophages. | 1979 | 483972 | |
| correlation of hyperplasia, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with parasite population in bio.lp-a mice infected with leishmania donovani. | congenic strain of bio.lp-a male mice were experimentally infected with leishmania donovani 3s strain from the spleen of a hamster donor. the weight ratio of spleen body, liver body and spleen liver calculated from the weight of six mice taken at weekly intervals for a period of 49 days showed that there is no hepatomegaly or splenomegaly during the first 14 days of infection when the parasite population increases. maximum enlargement of liver and spleen was observed at day 35 postinfection, whe ... | 1979 | 490751 |
| the primary isolation of leishmania donovani from iraq on different culture media. | leishmania donovani was isolated by culturing bone marrow aspirates from kala-azar patients, on three types of culture media. the isolation was successful in 88% of the cases. the effects of ph, d-glucose, l-proline and antibiotic concentration in the isolation were investigated. the semi-solid medium used (ph 7.4) with l-proline, was better than the modified nnn media for the primary isolation. | 1979 | 496486 |
| multiplication of leishmania in human macrophages in vitro. | to facilitate in vitro studies of the immunology of human leishmaniasis, we developed a method of growing pathogenic leishmania in human monocyte-derived macrophages. after 6 days of incubation, adherent mononuclear cells were infected with leishmania donovani amastigotes obtained from infected hamster spleen cells or with l. tropica amastigotes obtained from infected balb/c tissue mouse footpad. forty-eight percent of the macrophages were initially infected, with a mean of 3.0 amastigotes per i ... | 1979 | 500212 |
| the effect of nifurtimox on experimental infections with trypanosomatidae other than trypanosoma cruzi. | the influence of nifurtimox on trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense, t. equinum, t. equiperdum, t. evansi, t. gambiense, t. lewisi, t. rhodesiense, t. vivax, leishmania donovani and l. tropica has been studied in animals and in vitro. the drug was active against all of them but there are considerable differences in sensitivity of the various species as well as of different strains of t. rhodesiense. for the treatment of t. rhodesiense a single high dosage was more efficient than the same dose divid ... | 1979 | 506553 |
| growth of leishmania donovani amastigotes in a continuous macrophage-like cell culture. | the feastibility of using a macrophage-like murine tumor cell as a host for leishmania donovani was investigated. this cell line, designated p388d1, rapidly phagocytized amastigotes and supported their intracellular replication. it can serve as a model "host" without the inherent limitations of primary macrophage cultures. | 1979 | 536934 |
| antileishmanial activity of selected compounds in dogs experimentally infected with leishmania donovani. | 1979 | 545640 | |
| simplified defined media for cultivating leishmania donovani promastigotes. | 1980 | 6106354 | |
| exometabolites of leishmania donovani promastigotes. ii. spontaneous changes of exometabolite after isolation. | the defined medium of steiger and teiger conditioned by growth oif leishmania domovani strain 3s promastigotes served as the primary source of parasite exometabolites. four fractions of the conditioned medium were recovered by sephadex g-25 column chromatography. these fractions shared immunologic determinants, but differed in their molecular weights, affinity of sephadex g-25, and absorption spectra. degradation and/or aggregation of one of the fractions (fraction iv) appeared to yield substanc ... | 1980 | 6158194 |
| leishmania donovani: correlation among assays of amastigote viability. | 1980 | 6159230 | |
| an in vitro model for investigation of chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis. | clinically achievable concentrations of the three major antileishmanial drugs in use--pentavalent antimony, pentamidine, and amphotericin b--eliminated 90%--100% of the mammalian forms (amastigotes) of leishmania tropica and leishmania donovani from in vitro infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. this is apparently the first report of in vitro susceptibility of leishmania to pentavalent antimony or to pentamidine. the insensitivity of insect forms (promastigotes) multiplying in cell-free m ... | 1980 | 6249874 |
| stage-specific differences of a perhaps signal-transferring system in leishmania donovani. | there are stage-specific differences of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (amp)-catabolizing reactions in amastigote and promastigote leishmania donovani cells: 1. the ph-optimum of nucleotidase activity is 9.2 in amastigote cells and 5.4 in promastigote cells, 2. adenosine, product of the nucleotidase reaction, is metabolized in a different way: in amastigote cells it is deaminated to inosine while in promastigote cells it is cleaved to adenine. consequently, hypoxanthine is formed by a cleavage of in ... | 1980 | 6262957 |
| [new natural reservoir of leishmania donovani in georgia]. | 1980 | 6451794 | |
| influence of h-2 complex on acquired resistance to leishmania donovani infection in mice. | innate susceptibility to leishmania donovani infection in mice (measured over 2--4 weeks) is under the control of a single autosomal gene (lsh) segregating for incompletely dominant resistant (r) and recessive susceptible (s) alleles. this locus maps away from the known histocompatibility loci to a position between the centromere and id-1 on the chromosome 1 of the mouse. amongst homozygous recessive lsh strains of mice two patterns of recovery are observed when the course of infection is follow ... | 1980 | 6765984 |
| leishmania donovani: action of excreted factor on hydrolytic enzyme activity of macrophages from mice with genetically different resistance to infection. | 1980 | 6767620 | |
| synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted 6-methoxy-8-aminoquinoline analogues as potential antiparasitics. | a series of 2,4-disubstituted 8-aminoquinoline analogues were synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in mice and leishmania donovani in hamsters. 8-[[6-(diethylamino)hexyl]amino]-2-ethyl-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (8a) possessed significant activity against l. donovani. 2-ethyl-4-methylprimaquine (7a) was evaluated against plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkey and found to have activity equal to that of primaquine. | 1980 | 6770089 |
| 4,5-disubstituted primaquine analogs as potential antiprotozoan agents. | 4,5-dimethylprimaquine and 5-fluoro-4-methylprimaquine were synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse. significant blood schizonticidal activity was observed. the 5-fluoro-4-methylprimaquine analog also was active as a tissue schizonticidal agent when evaluated against p. cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey, as an antileishmanial agent when evaluated against leishmania donovani in the hamster, and as a causal prophylactic agent when evaluated against p. berghei yoelii. | 1980 | 6772756 |
| immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin m polar staining of toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test. | polar staining (ps) of toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test has been considered a nonspecific reaction caused exclusively by certain immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies and confined to the anterior end of the parasite. after we observed a patient with positive serology for chagas' disease who presented an igg ps reaction, we studied sera from 120 patients with chagas' disease, 20 sera from patients with leishmania donovani infection, and 30 sera from patients with leishmania b ... | 1980 | 6796601 |
| control of natural resistance to salmonella typhimurium and leishmania donovani in mice by closely linked but distinct genetic loci. | inbred strains of mice vary in their sensitivity to infection with both salmonella typhimurium and leishmania donovani. in both cases, this differential susceptibility is genetically controlled. resistance to the intracellular parasite l. donovani is determined by a single locus on chromosome 1, designated lsh (ref. 4). the primary regulator of resistance to s. typhimurium is a single, dominant autosomal gene, named ity (for immunity to typhimurium), and it has also been recently mapped to chrom ... | 1980 | 7001248 |
| [further observations on the use of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) on cellulose acetate membrane (cellogel) in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (author's transl)]. | technique of counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) on cellulose acetate membrane (cellogel) is described for diagnosis of (human and canine) visceral leishmaniasis (vl). various lots of antigen were grossly obtained from the liquid phase (10, 20 and 30 tubes respectively) of cultures of leishmania donovani by repeated freezing and thawing. sera from patients (and, in a few cases, dogs) with confirmed vl, other parasitic and non-parastic diseases (especially blood disorders and hepatosplenomegaly) ... | 1980 | 7244099 |
| leishmania donovani and leishmania braziliensis: hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and pentose phosphate shunt activity. | 1980 | 7349998 | |
| effect of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on the immunological role of bcg in balb/c mice challenged with leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7352623 | |
| purine phosphoribosyltransferases from leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7356667 | |
| leishmaniasis: in search of new chemotherapeutic agents. | members of a class of compounds designated lepidines (8-amino-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline derivatives) were tested in a hamster-leishmania donovani model and found to have activity many-fold that of a reference drug meglumine antimoniate. one of them, 8-(7-isopropylaminoheptylamino)-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline, was found to be 138 times as effective as the standard antimonial drug used. | 1980 | 7369615 |
| inhibition of leishmania donovani amastigote-to-promastigote transformation by infected hamster spleen lymphocyte lysates. | leishmania donovani amastigote-to-promastigote transformation is inhibited by homogenates of infected hamster liver and spleen. this inhibitory activity is localized in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. tests with lysates of adherent (macrophages) and nonadherent (lymphocytes) spleen cells indicated that the inhibitory activity resided in the lymphocytes, specifically in the 100,000 g pellet fraction. | 1980 | 7373572 |
| incorporation of [1-14c]octadecanol into the lipids of leishmania donovani. | after incubation of stationary phase leishmania donovani with [1-14c]octadecanol, about 70% of the precursor was taken up within 3 hr. wax esters and acyl moieties of glycerolipids contained most of the 14c-activity from 3 to 6 hr, because octadecanol was partly oxidized to stearate. ether moieties were only weakly labeled. after 40 hr, 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl diacylglycerols as well as 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines contained nearly all of the radio ... | 1980 | 7374369 |
| a study of three isolates of leishmania donovani from patients with kala-azar in iraq. | 1980 | 7377871 | |
| cultivation of leishmania donovani in vitro in a high yielding liquid culture medium. | 1980 | 7380493 | |
| leishmania spp. in iraq. electrophoretic isoenzyme patterns. i. visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani organisms isolated from 10 children coming from different districts in iraq, were compared between themselves, with leishmania donovani isolated in iran and the sudan, and with a leishmania sp. isolated from the viscera of a rat caught in baghdad. the comparison was made by examination of the electrophoretic mobilities of seven soluble enzymes: malic enzyme e.c.1.1.1.40; glucose phosphate isomerase e.c.5.3.1.9; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase e.c.1.1.1.49; phosphoglucomutas ... | 1980 | 7385296 |
| a comparison of skin-test responses using antigen from leishmania donovani and a lizard trypanosome. | 261 individuals were skin tested with leishmanin from leishmania donovani and with an antigen from a lizard trypanosome isolated in an area endemic for kala-azar in ethiopia. 83 of the 261 responded positively, with indurations of 5 mm or greater, to one antigen but negatively to the other, and 42 reacted positively to both. among the afar people of the awash valley in north-eastern ethiopia and the nyangatom people of south-western ethiopia, positive response to both antigens was high, though m ... | 1980 | 7385300 |
| in vivo assay of viability of amastigotes of leishmania donovani. | following intravenous (i.v.) injection of formalin-killed or ultraviolet-killed or ultraviolet-irradiated amastigotes of leishmania donovani, the parasites could be identified in mouse liver at 5 min, but most amastigotes were digested by 3 hr or between 24 and 72 hr, respectively. an in vivo assay of viability, based on these observations, suggests differences in the viability of hamster amastigote populations. the identification of dead and/or dying amastigotes in the liver 24 hr after i.v. in ... | 1980 | 7391863 |
| [frequency and significance of parasitic infections in refugees from vietnam (author's transl)]. | in the course of the medical care which is provided for the refugees from southeast asia 100 persons were tested for intestinal parasites (helminths and protozoa). in addition serum samples were obtained from 72 of these and tested in several tests (cft, fat, iha and sft) using antigens of entamoeba histolytica, leishmania donovani, toxoplasma gondii, schistosoma spp., fasciola hepatica, echinococcus spp., trichinella spiralis and litomosoides carinii. in 49 persons infections with one, two or ... | 1980 | 7395245 |
| cytophilic and opsonic antibodies in visceral leishmaniasis in mice. | although acquired immunity to leishmaniasis is generally considered to be cell mediated, humoral factors may be partially responsible. the present study showed that antisera from c57bl/6j mice superinfected with leishmania donovani contained cytophilic antibody and opsonins for both the amastigote and promastigote stages of the parasite. macrophages treated with mouse hyperimmune serum in an in vitro macrophage culture system bound statistically significantly more parasites at 4 degrees c (and s ... | 1980 | 7399677 |
| isolation and partial characterization of surface membranes from leishmania donovani promastigotes. | cell surface pellicular membranes (pm) were isolated from promastigote forms of leishmania donovani by differential and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation procedures. the pm had a density equivalent of approximately 1.19 g/cm3. as ascertained by electron microscopy, longitudinal parallel arrays of subpellicular microtubules (mt) remained attached to the isolated pm inner lamina, and this feature was used to assess membrane fraction purity. gradient fractions having greater than or equ ... | 1980 | 7400994 |
| analogues of 8-[[6-(diethylamino) hexyl]amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline as candidate antileishmanial agents. | 8-[[6-(diethylamino)hexyl]amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline (i) has been shown to be highly effective against leishmania donovani in hamsters, being approximately 475 times as active as the standard meglumine antimoniate. several nuclear and side-chain analogues of i have been prepared in an attempt to further enhance the antileishmanial activity of this class of compounds. the compounds were tested against l. donovani in the golden hamster. although several analogues had meglumine antimoniate ... | 1980 | 7411553 |
| leishmania donovani in the oppossum (didelphis marsupialis). | 1980 | 7420255 | |
| antileishmanial effect of allopurinol and allopurinol ribonucleoside on intracellular forms of leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7426045 | |
| mechanism of lethal effect of human serum upon leishmania donovani. | in order to gain greater understanding of potential host defense mechanisms against leishmania donovani, we examined the effect of nonimmune, human serum upon promastigotes and amastigotes. fresh sera were found to be lethal for promastigotes, but had no detectable effect on amastigotes. serum exposed promastigotes became immotile, did not take up neutral red dye, appeared to be disrupted, and failed to recover after further incubation in fresh media. heat labile components were required for pro ... | 1980 | 7430624 |
| alkaline phosphatase levels in the serum of b10. lp-1 mice infected with leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7436608 | |
| synthesis of phospholipids in leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7450683 | |
| the micro-elisa sandwich technique for the quantitation of leishmania donovani soluble antigen. | 1980 | 7458463 | |
| morphology of leishmania donovani colonies grown on blood agar plates. | 1980 | 7463257 | |
| evaluation of different culture media for isolation of leishmania donovani. | 1980 | 7320480 | |
| genetic control of acquired resistance to visceral leishmaniasis in mice. | a series of h-2 and non-h-2 congenic resistant (cr) strains on a c57bl/10sn background were infected with 10(7) amastigotes of leishmania donovani. non-h-2 congenic strains b10.lp-h-3b and b10.ce(30nx) and (b10.lp-h-3b x b10)f1 hybrids showed a very rapid decrease in liver-parasite burdens beyond day 21. parasite counts for these strains at day 35 were significantly lower than for all other strains tested. the rapid decrease in parasite numbers, massive lymphocellular infiltration into the liver ... | 1980 | 22457927 |
| leishmania donovani-macrophage binding mediated by surface glycoproteins/antigens: characterization in vitro by a radioisotopic assay. | a radioisotopic assay was developed to quantitate the binding of leishmania donovani promastigotes to hamster peritoneal macrophages in vitro. the binding was temperature dependent and required no serum factors. binding was reduced by preloading macrophages with zymosan granules or unlabeled promastigotes, but not with latex leads or opsonized erythrocytes. binding was reduced by 10 mm egta that was reversible by the addition at an equimolar concentration of calcium, but not magnesium ions. sial ... | 1981 | 7322188 |
| [activation of the alternative complement pathway by promastigotes of leishmania donovani]. | 1981 | 7323601 | |
| ultrastructural changes in tissue forms of leishmania donovani before and after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. | 1981 | 7324543 | |
| single gene control of resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice. | a series of inbred, congenic resistant, and hybrid strains of mice were intradermally inoculated with 10(6) promastigotes of leishmania tropica. these mice were divided into susceptible and resistant groups using the criteria of lesion size, development of metastatic foci and skin-test reactivity. at 16 weeks of infection, resistant strains a/j, dba/1j, akr/j, cba/j, c3h/hej, nzb/binj, c57bl/6j, c57bl/10sn, b10.d2, b10.129(10m), and b10.ce(30nx) had completely resolved their lesions, while susce ... | 1981 | 7327625 |
| the culture of leishmania donovani in schneider's insect medium: its value in the diagnosis and management of patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | 1981 | 7330950 | |
| characterization of the exometabolite of leishmania donovani as a novel glycopeptidophosphosphingolipid. | 1981 | 7332589 | |
| proliferative glomerulonephritis in experimental leishmania donovani infection of the golden hamster. | 1981 | 7333089 | |
| [the application of a numerical method to the taxonomy of the genus leishmania ross, 1903,--the recognition of 146 original lines in the old world. use of allozymic characters. epidemiological and phyletic significance (author's transl)]. | using enzyme characters determined by starch gel electrophoresis, the authors have applied the method of numerical taxonomy to the genus leishmania ross, 1903. eight isoenzymes (pgi, me, pgm, got, g-6-pdh, 6-pgdh, mdh and idh) of 146 old world strains are examined. 35 electromorphs, corresponding to equivalent number of isoenzymes, are identified by this method, and then grouped into 14 zymodemes. these zymodemes were used as operational taxonomy units (otu) and pairs were compared, using jaccar ... | 1981 | 7337375 |
| changes in growth rate and infectivity of leishmania donovani subjected to various laboratory procedures. | 1981 | 7245843 | |
| interaction of leishmania donovani promastigotes with human monocyte-derived macrophages: parasite entry, intracellular survival, and multiplication. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to assess the role of macrophages in the early stage of visceral leishmaniasis. adherent mononuclear cells, obtained from nonimmune human donors, were cultivated on glass cover slips for 5 days and then incubated with axenically grown promastigotes in the presence of heat-inactivated autologous serum. promastigotes attached to macrophages with either their flagellar or aflagellar ends, and macrophag ... | 1981 | 7251165 |
| susceptibility of leishmania to oxygen intermediates and killing by normal macrophages. | this study demonstrates that the promastigote form of virulent leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica are both deficient in endogenous enzymatic scavengers of h(2)0(2) (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and susceptible to low fluxes of h(2)o(2) in a cell-free model. in addition, the killing of promastigotes by h(2)0(2) is markedly enhanced in the presence of a peroxidase and halide. promastigotes also readily trigger the macrophage oxidative burst including the generation of h(2)0(2), and mo ... | 1981 | 7252418 |
| interaction of leishmania with a macrophage cell line. correlation between intracellular killing and the generation of oxygen intermediates. | the promastigote form of leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica, the etiologic agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, readily parasitize unstimulated j774g8 macrophage-like cells, whereas 80-95% of the same promastigotes are killed within resident macrophages from normal balb/c mice. this striking difference in intracellular anti-leishmanial activity correlated closely with the capacity to generate toxic oxygen intermediates. thus, after triggering with phorbol myrista ... | 1981 | 7252424 |
| immunization against leishmania donovani: glucan as an adjuvant with killed promastigotes. | mice were immunized by a series of intravenous injections of formalin-killed leishmania donovani promastigotes alone and combined with glucan, a beta 1,3 polyglucose derivative of baker's yeast. in three separate experiments animals were challenged with viable parasites on day 21, 40 or 80 after immunization. mice which received dead parasites and glucan exhibited resistance against challenge up to 80 days after immunization. animals which had been injected with glucan alone exhibited a lesser d ... | 1981 | 7258489 |
| inhibition of in vitro macrophage digestion capacity by infection with leishmania donovani (protozoa: kinetoplastida). | promastigotes of leishmania donovani transformed into amastigotes and survived in cultured macrophages. promastigotes of leptomonas costoris, a kinetoplastid parasite of water striders, transformed into amastigotes but did not survive in cultured macrophages. a significant difference in size between the two species of parasitic protozoa allowed development of a bioassay in which the in vitro digestion rate of l. costoris was taken as a measure of macrophage digestive capacity following preinfect ... | 1981 | 7264834 |
| leishmania donovani in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) | 1981 | 7268842 | |
| phagocytosis and killing of the protozoan leishmania donovani by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | the role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) in host defense against leishmania donovani, the protozoan that causes visceral leishmaniasis, is unknown. to assess the ability of pmn to ingest and kill the infecting promastigote stage of the organism, cytocentrifuge preparations were made from tumbled suspensions of 5 x 10(6) pmn, an equal number of promastigotes, and fresh human serum deficient in the 6th component of complement. 53 +/- 9% pmn were found to have 1 or more associated promastigot ... | 1981 | 7276565 |
| elimination of leishmania donovani amastigotes by activated macrophages. | tissue macrophages are the obligatory host cells for leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. in this study we sought to determine whether activated macrophages, as defined by the functional criterion of tumor cell cytotoxicity, were also able to exert a microbicidal effect on ingested l. donovani amastigotes. we found that mouse peritoneal macrophages activated by a variety of means exerted a cytotoxic effect on tumor cell targets but were not able to kill l. donovani ... | 1981 | 7287190 |
| ether lipid synthesis from enantiomeric medium-chain and long-chain o-alkyl-sn-glycerols in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | a medium-chain o-alkylglycerol, 1-o-[1'-14c]dodecyl-sn-glycerol, has been found to be incorporated into plasmenyl ethanolamine by leishmania donovani promastigotes as revealed by radio gas-liquid chromatography; however, the ether bond of the administered o-alkyl-glycerol was cleaved extensively as judged from the occurrence of radioactive acyl moieties. the labelling pattern produced by the radioactive 'natural' 1-o-octadecyl-sn-glycerol was similar though the latter served as a slightly better ... | 1981 | 7300856 |
| failure of hamster macrophages to discriminate between infective and noninfective promastigotes of leishmania donovani during attachment in vitro. | the attachment of infective and noninfective promastigotes of leishmania donovani to hamster macrophages derived from spleen, lymph nodes, and peritoneal exudate was studied in vitro. regardless of macrophage origin, no significant differences were observed between attachment of promastigotes that were infective and those that were noninfective for hamsters. | 1981 | 7309246 |
| complement increases in experimental leishmania donovani infection of the golden hamster. | 1981 | 6908884 | |
| cellular immunity of mice to leishmania donovani in vitro: lymphokine-mediated killing of intracellular parasites in macrophages. | leishmania donovani, an intracellular protozoan, causes kala-azar by parasitizing the macrophages of its mammalian host. outbred ncs and cd-1 mice develop immunity to this parasite. this immunity was demonstrable when supernatant fluids from cultured splenic lymphocytes were added to infected macrophages. only the lymphokine preparations from infected mice showed significant leishmanicidal activity. mice receiving multiple inocula were more potent producers of leishmanicidal lymphokines than wer ... | 1981 | 6947274 |
| a monophasic liquid medium (gd-nrc) for the cultivation of leishmania donovani. | 1981 | 7229813 | |
| spectral model of leishmaniasis in congenic strains of mice. | nineteen congenic, resistant strains of mice on c57bl/10scsn genetic background were infected with leishmania donovani and the course of infection quantitated. early in the infection, parasite burdens in the liver were similar for all strains, indicating that the parasite was able to establish, grow, and reproduce in the liver macrophages of each strain with equal facility. differences in acquired resistance, indicated by decreases in parasite burden, among the strains were first noted at day 21 ... | 1981 | 7229823 |
| protozoan parasite of humans: surface membrane with externally disposed acid phosphatase. | plasma membranes isolated from the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani were enriched in acid phosphatase (e.c. 3.1.3.2) activity. cytochemically, the enzyme was distributed uniformly on the surface of intact cells and was localized on the external face of isolated membranes. physical characteristics and orientation of the membrane-bound enzyme suggest that the organism is adapted for existence in hydrolytic environments. | 1981 | 7233189 |
| effect of temperature on multiplication of leishmania amastigotes within human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. | leishmania tropica, a cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis, multiplied more rapidly within human macrophages in vitro at 35 degrees c than at 37 degree c, and was almost completely eliminated at 39 degrees c. in contrast, leishmania donovani, the cause of the visceral leishmaniasis, multiplied equally well at 35 degrees c and at 37 degrees c,, and was only 40% eliminated at 39 degrees c. this in vitro study suggests that the localization of the two strains to cooler and warmer regions of the body, r ... | 1981 | 7235124 |
| leishmanicidal mechanisms of human polymorphonuclear phagocytes. | human phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood were infected in vitro with leishmania donovani amastogotes derived from infected hamster spleens. phagocytosis of the parasites occurred without specific opsonization and the phagocytic efficiency of various cell types was in the order: neutrophil greater than monocyte greater than eosinophil. light and electron microscopy showed that amastigotes were often degraded by polymorphonuclear phagocytes, but not by monocytes. ultrastructural cytochemist ... | 1981 | 7235125 |
| antibody-mediated inhibition of phagocytosis in leishmania donovani-human phagocyte interactions in vitro. | amastigotes and promastigotes of leishmania donovani were used as antigens for immunization of rabbits which produced anti-amastigote igg demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescent tests. effects of these and normal rabbit heat-inactivated sera on phagocytosis of amastigotes by a mixture of human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes were studied in vitro. parasites and phagocytes at different ratios were mixed and incubated at 37 degree c for various time periods in the presence of these ... | 1981 | 7235126 |
| leishmania donovani: surface membrane acid phosphatase activity of promastigotes. | 1981 | 7238722 | |
| the in vivo and in vitro action of 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide in trypanosomatid flagellates. | 4-amino-5-imidazolecarboxamide, but not its riboside or ribotide, is inhibitory to the growth of promastigotes of leishmania donovani, l. braziliensis, l. tarentolae, and l. mexicana, eventually causing cell lysis. conversely, it is not inhibitory to the growth of epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi. this substituted imidazole proved to be an excellent inhibitor of guanine deaminase from all of the trypanosomatids used in this study, with ki values in the microm range. | 1981 | 7029273 |
| characterization of populations of promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | promastigotes of leishmania donovani cultured for either 3 or 10 days in vitro and inoculated intracardially into golden hamsters with an equal number of organisms from either population showed a 7-fold difference in infectivity when compared at both 10 and 16 days post-infection. reproducible histochemical staining for the promastigote enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) and peptidase after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed two isoelectric variants of g6pdh (bands 1 and 2) ... | 1981 | 7031232 |
| leishmania donovani, plasmodium berghei, trypanosoma rhodesiense: antiprotozoal effects of some amidine types. | 1981 | 7032963 | |
| salmonella paratyphi a in hamsters concurrently infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the present work deals with the development of an improved animal model to study the association of salmonellosis and schistosomiasis. the animal chosen was the hamster, mesocricetus auratus, which can be readily infected with schistosoma mansoni. normal hamsters and schistosome-infected hamsters (sih) were given approximately 2.0 x 10(7) salmonella paratyphi a intracardially. it was found that s. mansoni infections enhanced and prolonged the growth of s. paratyphi a in hamsters. animals with du ... | 1981 | 6786117 |
| evaluation of antigens for the serodiagnosis of kala-azar and oriental sores by means of the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). | antigens and corresponding sera were collected from travellers with leishmaniasis returning to germany from different endemic areas of the old world. the antigenicity of these leishmania strains, which were maintained in syrian hamsters, was compared by indirect immunofluorescence (ifat). antigenicity was demonstrated by antibody titres in 18 sera from 11 patients. the amastigotic stages of nine strains of leishmania donovani and four strains of leishmania tropica were compared with each other a ... | 1981 | 6174454 |
| accumulation of [125sb]sodium stibogluconate by leishmania mexicana amazonensis and leishmania donovani in vitro. | 1981 | 6108831 |