Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| agaricus bisporus: an assessment of its carcinogenic potency. | this assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in the agaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. by adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushro ... | 1993 | 8008044 |
| identification of a gene cluster encoding three high-molecular-weight proteins, which is required for synthesis of tolaasin by the mushroom pathogen pseudomonas tolaasii. | the extracellular lipodepsipeptide toxin tolaasin is the primary disease determinant of pathogenicity of pseudomonas tolaasii on the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus. transposon mutagenesis of p. tolaasii ncppb 1116 with tn5-generated 5000 chromosomal insertions of which 35 (0.7%) were tolaasin negative and 12 (0.25%) produced a reduced amount of tolaasin. in addition, tnphoa mutagenesis yielded a single tolaasin-negative mutant which was phoa active. restriction enzyme mapping of mutant d ... | 1993 | 8332057 |
| meiotic behavior and linkage relationships in the secondarily homothallic fungus agaricus bisporus. | this study followed the transmission of 64 segregating genetic markers to 52 haploid offspring, obtained from both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic meiospores, of a cross (ag 93b) of agaricus bisporus, the commonly cultivated "button mushroom." the electrophoretic karyotypes of the ag 93b component nuclei were determined concurrently (n = 13). eleven distinct linkage groups were identified by two-point analysis. dna-dna hybridization showed that nine of these corresponded to unique chromosome-siz ... | 1993 | 8094696 |
| the structure of laccase protein and its synthesis by the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus secretes abundant laccase activity into the medium during mycelial growth. sds-page analysis of extracellular laccase protein, purified from compost extract, showed a predominant band of 65 kda molecular mass, together with lesser amounts of smaller polypeptides. the main polypeptide was purified electrophoretically. amino acid sequence analysis of the n-terminal region of the main polypeptide was used to specify the sequence of a 15-residue chemically synthesized peptide (n-te ... | 1993 | 8095517 |
| mushroom worker's lung: serologic reactions to thermophilic actinomycetes present in the air of compost tunnels. | vast numbers of spores of the thermophilic actinomycetes excellospora flexuosa, thermomonospora alba, t. curvata and t. fusca were collected from the air in fermentation tunnels during the spawning of mushroom compost, i.e. over 10(9) cfu m-3 of air. five different genera of fungi, namely, aspergillus, aureobasidium, cladosporium, penicillium and scytalidium, were found at only 10(3) cfu m-3 of air. agaricus bisporus, used for spawning, was absent. sera of 10 mushroom growers affected by mushroo ... | 1993 | 8326995 |
| purification and characterization of a serine proteinase from senescent sporophores of the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | a proteinase has been purified from the stipes of senescent sporophores of the mushroom agaricus bisporus. the proteinase was inhibited by pmsf. it has a broad ph optimum, 6.5-11.5, and a narrow substrate specificity, requiring both a hydrophobic amino acid in the p1 position and a minimum peptide chain length. the apparent molecular mass of the proteinase was 27 kda when determined by sds-page and 14.1 kda when measured by gel filtration. the isoelectric point of the proteinase was 9.0. polyclo ... | 1993 | 8360629 |
| reversible inhibition of proliferation of epithelial cell lines by agaricus bisporus (edible mushroom) lectin. | galactosyl beta-1,3-n-acetyl galactosamine (gal beta-1,3-galnac) (thomsen friedenreich antigen), the class i core sequence in o-linked oligosaccharide chains, behaves as an oncofetal antigen showing increased expression in many epithelial malignancies. previous work has shown that peanut agglutinin (pna), a lectin that binds gal beta-1,3-galnac, stimulates proliferation in ht-29 (human colon cancer) cells and normal human colonic epithelium and this implies that cell surface glycoproteins which ... | 1993 | 8402638 |
| identification of two laccase genes in the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. | a cdna library was constructed in lambda gt11 using mrna from 11-d-old mycelium of agaricus bisporus. three clones containing laccase sequence were identified using an affinity-purified anti-laccase antibody. from one of these clones, a 333 bp sequence was used to identify further cdna clones (including one which is close to full length) and a genomic clone. the coding sequences found were of two similar but not identical versions with differences at 36 out of 520 residues of deduced amino acid ... | 1993 | 8360614 |
| further characterization of a large inverted repeat in the mitochondrial genomes of agaricus bisporus (= a. brunnescens) and related species. | the mitochondrial (mt) genome of agaricus bisporus ag50 (a heterokaryon) is a 136-kilobase (kb) circular molecule which contains a pair of large inverted repeats (irs). two large bamhi fragments (b1 and b2) which contain the ir regions were further mapped. the repeated regions were determined to be approximately 7.7 kb in length. the mt small ribosomal rna (s rrna) gene is located adjacent to one of the repeated regions. orientational isomers, generated by homologous recombination between the re ... | 1993 | 8435852 |
| a meiotic dna polymerase from a mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | a meiotic dna polymerase [dna nucleotidyltransferase (dna-directed), ec 2.7.7.7], which likely has a role in meiotic dna repair, was isolated from a mushroom, agaricus bisporus. the purified fraction displays three bands in sds/page, at molecular masses of 72 kda, 65 kda and 36 kda. optimal activity is at ph 7.0-8.0 in the presence of 5 mm mg2+ and 50 mm kcl and at 28-30 degrees c, which is the temperature for meiosis. this enzyme is resistant to n-ethylmaleimide and sensitive to 2',3'-dideoxyth ... | 1994 | 8172591 |
| homologous transformation of the edible basidiomycete agrocybe aegerita with the ura1 gene: characterization of integrative events and of rearranged free plasmids in transformants. | the ura1 gene, encoding dihydroorotate dehydrogenase of the pyrimidine pathway, cloned into puc18 (pura1-1) was used to develop an homologous transformation system for the cultivated mushroom agrocybe aegerita. protoplasts of a ura1 auxotrophic strain were transformed by electroporation with efficiencies ranging from 1 to 26 transformants per micrograms of dna. the phenotype of the stable ura+ transformants suggested a strong nuclear heterogeneity further confirmed by southern-blot analysis. all ... | 1994 | 8082189 |
| double-stranded rnas and proteins associated with the 34 nm virus particles of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus fruit bodies affected by la france disease contain a specific set of nine dsrna molecules. a method was developed to isolate intact virus particles containing these dsrnas. using precautions to limit proteolysis, virus particles 34 nm in diameter were banded in a nycodenz gradient together with the nine disease-associated dsrnas and three proteins of m(r) 120k, 115k and 90k. two of these viral proteins were easily cleaved by proteases present in the fruit bodies, without affect ... | 1994 | 8077959 |
| the cel3 gene of agaricus bisporus codes for a modular cellulase and is transcriptionally regulated by the carbon source. | a 52-kda protein, cel3, has been separated from the culture filtrate of agaricus bisporus during growth on cellulose. a pcr-derived probe was made, with a degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide derived from the amino acid sequence of a cel3 cnbr cleavage product and was used to select cel3 cdna clones from an a. bisporus cdna library. two allelic cdnas were isolated. they showed 98.8% identity of their nucleotide sequences. the deduced amino acid sequence and domain architecture of cel3 showed a high d ... | 1994 | 8085821 |
| gene arrangement and sequence of the 5s rrna in filobasidiella neoformans (cryptococcus neoformans) as a phylogenetic indicator. | we cloned the 5s rrna gene and determined its organization in the four genes encoding rrnas in a ribosomal dna repeat unit of filobasidiella neoformans, the teleomorph of cryptococcus neoformans. the 5s rrna gene contained 118 nucleotides and was located 1 kb upstream from the 18s rrna gene within the 8.6-kb fragment of the ribosomal dna repeat unit. the sequence of the 5s rrna gene from f. neoformans was more similar to the sequence of the 5s rrna gene from tremella mesenterica than to the sequ ... | 1994 | 8186086 |
| regulation of transcription of the cel1 gene in agaricus bisporus. | northern analysis showed that accumulation of agaricus bisporus cel1 mrna was regulated by two independent mechanisms: (i) induction by cellulose; and (ii) repression by glucose and other sugars. isolated a. bisporus nuclei were transcriptionally active. nuclei isolated from cellulose-grown mycelium synthesized six times more cel1 mrna than nuclei from glucose-grown mycelium. the start point of transcription (tsp) was identified by primer extension and s1 nuclease analysis. putative glucose-, an ... | 1994 | 8057839 |
| cel1: a novel cellulose binding protein secreted by agaricus bisporus during growth on crystalline cellulose. | the cel1 gene of agaricus bisporus encodes a protein (cel1) that has an architecture resembling the multi-domain fungal cellulases, although the sequence of its putative catalytic core is not matched by any other in the protein and nucleic acid data bases. the n-terminal half of the putative catalytic domain of cel1 was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione-s-transferase. the fusion protein was used to raise a cel1-specific antibody. cel1 was detected as an extracell ... | 1994 | 8181702 |
| silver uptake by agaricus bisporus from an artificially enriched substrate. | the champignon mushroom agaricus bisporus was cultivated on compost (wheat and rye straw, hens' manure, gypsum, urea and peat) artificially fortified with silver nitrate added at four different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.3 mg/kg) and 0 mg/kg (control) on a dry weight basis. the method of measurement was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after dry ashing of the samples at 420 degrees c and dissolving the residue in 1 m nitric acid. the highest concentration of silver, reaching ... | 1994 | 7975912 |
| vesicle-associated double-stranded ribonucleic acid genetic elements in agaricus bisporus. | double-stranded ribonucleic acids (dsrnas) were isolated from fruit bodies of commercial strains of the cultivated mushroom (agaricus bisporus) by polyethylene glycol-nacl precipitation, differential centrifugation, rate-zonal centrifugation in sucrose, and equilibrium centrifugation in cesium sulphate. in all seven of the mushroom isolates examined, three dsrnas were identified: two major dsrna segments of > 13.1-kb (l-rna) and 2.4-kb (s-rna) and a minor segment of 5.2-kb (m-rna). l-, m-, and s ... | 1994 | 8087881 |
| high concentrations of mannitol in the shiitake mushroom lentinula edodes. | a quantitative analysis of mannitol, using gas-liquid chromatography (glc), was carried out in the various tissues of lentinula edodes (berk.) pegler in comparison with agaricus bisporus (lge) imb. and coprinus cinereus (schaeff.: fr.) s. f. gray. mycelia of l. edodes had a low level of mannitol (ca 1% on a dry wt basis) compared with the fruit body stipe and pileus (20-30%). the highest level of mannitol was observed in the pileus of a. bisporus (close to 50%). these observations of similar lev ... | 1994 | 8078418 |
| the nucleotide sequence and genome organization of mushroom bacilliform virus: a single-stranded rna virus of agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach. | mushroom bacilliform virus (mbv) is found in association with spherical virus-like particles in cultivated mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) afflicted with la france disease. mbv possesses a monopartite ssrna genome of positive sense and differs from the majority of characterized mycoviruses, which contain segmented dsrna genomes. we have cloned and sequenced the mbv genome and determined that its length is 4009 nucleotides. the mbv genome contains four major and three minor open reading frames and ... | 1994 | 8030251 |
| uniparental mitochondrial transmission in the cultivated button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | a uniparental mitochondrial (mt) transmission pattern has been previously observed in laboratory matings of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus on petri dishes. in this study, four sets of specific matings were further examined by taking mycelial plugs from the confluent zone of mated homokaryons and inoculating these plugs into rye grain for laboratory fruiting and for fruiting under industrial conditions. examination of the mt genotype of each individual fruit body for mt-specific restri ... | 1994 | 16349461 |
| compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of agaricus bisporus. | samples from conventional compost taken at various stages of composting and mushroom (agaricus bisporus) growth were analyzed for changes in 80% ethanol and water extracts, monosaccharides in acid hydrolysates of polysaccharides, lignin concentration, and lignin structural features. variable amounts of extraneous inorganic solids in the form of fine sandy particles were removed by sedimentation of the samples in a carbon tetrachloride-dibromomethane mixture. during composting, about two-thirds o ... | 1994 | 16349255 |
| inheritance of strain instability (sectoring) in the commercial button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | the button mushroom, agaricus bisporus, is a commercially important cultivated filamentous fungus. during the last decade, the button mushroom industry has depended mainly on two strains (or derivatives of these two strains). using one of these highly successful strains (strain u1) we examined the phenomenon of strain instability, specifically, the production of irreversible sectors. three "stromatal" and three "fluffy" sectors were compared with a healthy type u1 strain and with a wild-collecte ... | 1994 | 16349322 |
| inoculation of scytalidium thermophilum in button mushroom compost and its effect on yield. | scytalidium thermophilum isolates in culture, as well as the endogenous strain(s) in mushroom compost, were inactivated at 70 degrees c. this temperature was used to pasteurize composts for experiments. of nine thermophilic fungal species, only s. thermophilum and myriococcum thermophilum grew well on pasteurized compost in test tubes. the effect of both species on the crop yield of agaricus bisporus mushrooms was studied. in solid-state fermentation rooms called tunnels, compost was pasteurized ... | 1994 | 16349366 |
| ecology of thermophilic fungi in mushroom compost, with emphasis on scytalidium thermophilum and growth stimulation of agaricus bisporus mycelium. | twenty-two species of thermophilic fungi were isolated from mushroom compost. scytalidium thermophilum was present in the compost ingredients, fresh straw, horse droppings, and drainage from compost and dominated the fungal biota of compost after preparation. of 34 species of thermophilic fungi tested, 9 promoted mycelial growth of agaricus bisporus on sterilized compost: chaetomium thermophilum, an unidentified chaetomium sp., malbranchea sulfurea, myriococcum thermophilum, s. thermophilum, sti ... | 1994 | 16349175 |
| lignin-degrading enzymes of the commercial button mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus, grown under standard composting conditions, was evaluated for its ability to produce lignin-degrading peroxidases, which have been shown to have an integral role in lignin degradation by wood-rotting fungi. the activity of manganese peroxidase was monitored throughout the production cycle of the fungus, from the time of colonization of the compost through the development of fruit bodies. characterization of the enzyme was done with a crude compost extract. manganese peroxidase ... | 1994 | 16349223 |
| analysis of inbreeding depression in agaricus bisporus. | inbreeding depression was observed in the commercial button mushroom, agaricus bisporus, by examining two laboratory populations. the outbred population consisted of 20 compatible pairings, 10 homokaryons with each of the homokaryons ag1-1 and ag89-65. the inbred population consisted of 104 backcrosses (among which 52 were expected to be sexually compatible) obtained from the pairings of two progenitor homokaryons, ag1-1 and ag89-65, with 52 progeny homokaryons derived from the mating between ag ... | 1995 | 8536962 |
| the control of polyphenol oxidase activity in fruits and vegetables. a study of the interactions between the chemical compounds used and heat treatment. | objective of this research was to find alternative methods for the control of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) activity in fruits and vegetables with the purpose of reducing or eliminating the use of so2 for this purpose. interactions between the use of ascorbic acid, citric acid, edta, sodium metabisulphite and heat treatment (70 degrees c for 2 min) in the control of ppo activity were studied in avocado (var. fortuna), banana (var. nanica), apple (var. ana, fuji, gala & golden), pear (var. d'agua), pe ... | 1995 | 7659702 |
| purification and characterization of nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. | the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadp)-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp-gdh) of agaricus bisporus, a key enzyme in ammonia assimilation, was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity with 27% recovery of the initial activity. the molecular weight of the native enzyme was 330 kda. the enzyme is probably a hexamer, composed of identical subunits of 48 kda. the isoelectric point of the enzyme was found at ph 4.8. the n-terminus appeared to be blocked. the enzyme was sp ... | 1995 | 7765894 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna clone encoding a lectin gene from agaricus bisporus. | 1995 | 7770537 | |
| the gene encoding the beta-1,4-endoglucanase (cela) from myxococcus xanthus: evidence for independent acquisition by horizontal transfer of binding and catalytic domains from actinomycetes. | the cela gene encoding a beta-1,4 endoglucanase (cela) from myxococcus xanthus has been cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the c-terminal region of cela displayed a high level of similarity with the catalytic domain of several egl belonging to the glycosyl hydrolases family 6 (cena from cellulomonas fimi, cela from microbispora bispora, e2 from thermonospora fusca, casa from streptomyces ksm9 and cela1 from streptomyces halstedii) and less similarity to the cellobiohydrolases of the fungi ... | 1995 | 7789807 |
| putative glycoprotein and glycolipid polymorphonuclear leukocyte receptors for the actinomyces naeslundii wvu45 fimbrial lectin. | recognition of receptors on sialidase-treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) by the gal/galnac lectin associated with the type 2 fimbriae of certain strains of actinomyces results in activation of the pmns, phagocytosis, and destruction of the bacteria. in the present study, plant lectins were utilized as probes to identify putative pmn receptors for the actinomyces lectin. the gal-reactive lectin from ricinus communis (rcai), the gal/galnac-reactive lectins from r. communis (rcaii) and bau ... | 1995 | 7790078 |
| laccase component of the ceriporiopsis subvermispora lignin-degrading system. | laccase activity in the lignin-degrading fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora was associated with several proteins in the broth of cultures grown in a defined medium. activity was not increased significantly by adding 2,5-xylidine or supplemental copper to the medium. higher activity, associated with two major isoenzymes, developed in cultures grown on a wheat bran medium. these two isoenzymes were purified to homogeneity. l1 and l2 had isoelectric points of 3.4 and 4.8, molecular masses of 71 and ... | 1995 | 7793921 |
| pcr analysis of the viral complex associated with la france disease of agaricus bisporus. | reverse transcription pcr analysis was used to investigate the involvement of two rna-genome viruses, la france isometric virus (liv) and mushroom bacilliform virus (mbv), in the etiology of la france disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. reverse transcription pcr amplification of sequences targeted to the genomes of liv and mbv, with a sensitivity of detection of < 10 fg of viral rna, showed diseased mushrooms to be either singly infected by liv or doubly infected by liv and mbv ... | 1995 | 7793952 |
| molecular cloning and sequence of the cytoplasmic ribosomal protein s15a gene from agaricus bisporus. | we have isolated an agaricus bisporus cdna which encodes an open reading frame of 130 amino acids. a comparison with the genbank database shows that the deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame is highly homologous to the small subunit ribosomal proteins s15a of brassica napus and drosophila melanogaster and to the small subunit ribosomal proteins s24 of strongylocentrotus purpuratus and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 1995 | 7614376 |
| identification of exopolysaccharides produced by fluorescent pseudomonads associated with commercial mushroom (agaricus bisporus) production. | the acidic exopolysaccharides (epss) from 63 strains of mushroom production-associated fluorescent pseudomonads which were mucoid on pseudomonas agar f medium (paf) were isolated, partially purified, and characterized. the strains were originally isolated from discolored lesion which developed postharvest on mushroom (agaricus bisporus) caps or from commercial lots of mushroom casing medium. an acidic galactoglucan, previously named marginalan, was produced by mucoid strains of the saprophyte ps ... | 1995 | 7574589 |
| [mineral and amino acid contents of edible, cultivated shii-take mushrooms (lentinus edodes)]. | world wide about 200,000 tons of shii-take mushrooms (lentinus edodes) are produced per year. different positive biological effects are known (anticarcinogenic, anticholesterol, immunostimulating effects), but the mineral contents and amino acid composition of caps and stipes are still little investigated. the concentrations of minerals are in general lower than those in the cultivated white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) and in the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus). the greatest differences a ... | 1995 | 7571860 |
| genotoxicity of agaritine in the laci transgenic mouse mutation assay: evaluation of the health risk of mushroom consumption. | the mutagenic potency of the common mushroom agaricus bisporus and crude agaritine extracted from mushrooms was determined in vivo using a new mutagenesis assay with laci transgenic mice (big blue mice). pairs of female laci mice were fed one of three diets for 15 wk: (1) fresh mushrooms 3 days/wk followed by normal lab chow for 4 days/wk; (2) freeze-dried mushrooms mixed at 25% (w/w) into powdered chow; or (3) a mushroom extract containing 30% agaritine (w/w) mixed into powdered chow. the corre ... | 1995 | 7737599 |
| identification and characterization of a locus which regulates multiple functions in pseudomonas tolaasii, the cause of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus. | pseudomonas tolaasii, the causal agent of brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus, spontaneously gives rise to morphologically distinct stable sectors, referred to as the phenotypic variant form, at the margins of the wild-type colonies. the phenotypic variant form is nonpathogenic and differs from the wild type in a range of biochemical and physiological characteristics. a genomic cosmid clone (psisg29) from a wild-type p. tolaasii library was shown to be capable of restoring a range of chara ... | 1995 | 7642492 |
| use of sialylated or sulfated derivatives and acrylamide copolymers of gal beta 1,3galnac alpha- and galnac alpha- to determine the specificities of blood group t- and tn-specific lectins and the copolymers to measure anti-t and anti-tn antibody levels in cancer patients. | sialylated or sulfated derivatives and acrylamide copolymers of blood group t-(gal beta 1,3galnac alpha-) and tn-(galnac alpha) haptens were studied for their interaction with the lectins of peanut (pna), agaricus bisporus-(aba), helix pomatia-(hpa) and vicia villosa b4-(vva), using asialo cowper's gland mucin (acgm), which contains both t and tn epitopes, as the coating substrate in enzyme linked lectin assay. both t and tn copolymers (-40 haptens) showed high affinity and strict specificity; a ... | 1995 | 7795413 |
| dna strand breaking by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium salt, a carcinogen in mushroom agaricus bisporus. | 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium salt (hmbd), a carcinogen in mushroom agaricus bisporus, was found to generate a carbon-centered radical, 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl radical, during incubation at ph 7.4 and 37 degrees c, when estimated by electron spin resonance (esr) spin-trapping technique using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline n-oxide (dmpo), n-tert-butylphenyl-alpha-nitrone (pbn) and 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene sulfonate (dbnbs). formation of a substantial amount of benzyl alcohol during incubation o ... | 1995 | 7820878 |
| dna base and deoxyribose modification by the carbon-centered radical generated from 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium salt, a carcinogen in mushroom. | modification of the base and the sugar moieties of dna with 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium salt (hmbd), a carcinogen in the mushroom agaricus bisporus, was investigated. when deoxyribonucleosides dguo, dado, dthd, and dcyd were incubated with hmbd at ph 7.4 and 37 degrees c, the levels of all the nucleosides were decreased. the decrease was inhibited by ethanol or cys. when deoxyribose was incubated with hmbd, malonaldehyde was released as assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactivity. the r ... | 1995 | 7578921 |
| lectin recognition of host-like saccharide motifs in streptococcal cell wall polysaccharides. | viridans streptococci that participate in the microbial colonization of teeth have cell wall polysaccharides composed of linear phosphodiester-linked hexa- or heptasaccharide repeating units, each containing a host-like disaccharide motif, either gal beta 1-->3galnac or galnac beta 1-->3gal. whereas strains with galnac beta 1-->3gal-containing polysaccharides co-aggregated with streptococci that possess galnac-sensitive lectins, strains with either host-like motif co-aggregated with actinomyces ... | 1995 | 8608267 |
| mushroom toxins and cancer (review). | significant advances have been made in recent years in cancer research concerning the chemistry and biological action of the various mushroom hydrazines and related chemicals as well as two mushrooms, agaricus bisporus and gyromitra esculenta. in addition, there is limited information involving the teratogenic effects of some of these mycotoxins. it is apparent that a series of these chemicals, as well as the feeding of two raw mushrooms, induce many cancers in experimental animals. even though ... | 1995 | 21556514 |
| in vitro sensitivity of verticillium fungicola to selected fungicides. | twenty isolates of verticillium fungicola var. fungicola collected from diseased fruit-bodies of agaricus bisporus from prochloraz-treated crops, were exposed to a range of concentrations of six chemicals (benomyl, chlorothalonil, formaldehyde, iprodione, prochloraz-mn-complex and prochloraz + carbendazim) in vitro. ec(50) values were determined for each fungus-fungicide combination. all isolates were more sensitive to prochloraz-mn-complex (ec(50) values less than 5 mg 1(-1)) than to the remain ... | 1996 | 20882460 |
| the agaricus bisporus hypa gene encodes a hydrophobin and specifically accumulates in peel tissue of mushroom caps during fruit body development. | differential screening of a cdna library was used to clone genes that are specifically expressed during mushroom development in the basidiomycete agaricus bisporus. one of the isolated genes encodes a polypeptide of 112 amino acid residues and belongs to the fungal gene family encoding hydrophobins. this gene, hypa, has the characteristic pattern of eight cysteine residues at conserved positions and a hydrophobicity pattern that is very similar to class i hydrophobins. elucidation of the genomic ... | 1996 | 8632464 |
| histological criteria for diagnosis of amanita phalloides poisoning. | five fatal cases of poisoning from ingestion of amanita phalloides, a very common mushroom in central italy, are reported. the fact that four of the cases occurred simultaneously enabled uniform collection of clinical, pathology and toxicology data, which is presented with particular emphasis on the histological aspects. the fifth case involved a six-year-old girl, and is discussed with reference to differential diagnosis with respect to reye's syndrome, which was the initial diagnosis, demonstr ... | 1996 | 8656182 |
| correlation of exons with functional domains and folding regions in a cellulase from agaricus bisporus. | the cellulase gene cel3 has been isolated from agaricus bisporus and sequenced. the 5'-end of the cel3 transcript was determined by primer extension and s1 nuclease protection. putative regulatory elements have been identified in the cel3 promoter and 3'-untranslated regions. the cel3 coding region is interrupted by six short introns, two of which separate the coding regions for the three modules in the cel3 protein: cellulose-binding domain, linker region, and catalytic domain. three of the rem ... | 1996 | 8662210 |
| isolation of expressed sequence tags of agaricus bisporus and their assignment to chromosomes. | the genome of the cultivated basidiomycete agaricus bisporus horst u1 and of its homokaryotic parents has been characterized by using an optimized method of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. expressed sequence tags obtained as expressed cdnas from a primordial tissue-derived cdna library and a number of previously isolated genes were used to identify the individual chromosomes of the parental lines of horst u1. the genome consists of 13 chromosomes, and its total size is 31 mb. for those chromos ... | 1996 | 8953726 |
| functional analysis of dsrnas (l1, l3, l5, and m2) associated with isometric 34-nm virions of agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom). | cdna clones of dsrnas associated with la france disease of agaricus bisporus were isolated. clones corresponding to l1 and l5 dsrnas were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of l1 dsrna (1078 amino acids, mr 121k) showed significant homology with rna-dependent rna polymerases of other dsrna viruses. the deduced amino acid sequence of l5 dsrna (724 amino acids, mr 82k) showed no homology with known proteins. amino acid sequences of tryptic digests of three virion-associated proteins were d ... | 1996 | 8599239 |
| chemical and structural differences in cell wall polysaccharides of two monokaryotic strains and their resulting dikaryon of agaricus bisporus | compatible monokaryotic strains of agaricus bisporus atcc 36975 and 36976 and the resulting dikaryon of their mating were grown in a liquid medium, and their respective cell walls were prepared. significant differences were not found in the gross chemical composition of the three hyphal types. however, the neutral carbohydrate composition of the complete walls and their fractions was found to be somewhat different in each strain. more consistent differences were encountered in the chemical struc ... | 1996 | 8824164 |
| preparation and specificity of antibodies to an anti-tumor beta-glucan, lentinan. | antibodies against beta-glucan, lentinan from "shiitake" (lentinus edodes), were raised in the rabbit by subcutaneous immunization. our antibodies did not recognize the other polysaccharides such as amylose, dextran, laminarin and galactan. it was proved that lentinan contents in mushroom could be measured by elisa with the anti-lentinan antisera. its contents were 3.5 mg/g fresh weight in lentinus edodes. however, lentinan was not contained in agaricus brazei, agaricus bisporus and ramaria bitr ... | 1996 | 8843335 |
| isolation of ewingella americana from the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | the isolation of ewingella americana, an unusual enterobacteriaceae, is reported here for the first time in a non-animal reservoir. thirty-five strains of e. americana have been recovered from the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus. the biochemical characteristics of these strains are consistent with previously published descriptions of this species recovered from clinical specimens and from molluscs. dna reassociation analysis was used to confirm the identity of mushroom-derived e. american ... | 1996 | 8875916 |
| lectin-binding assays for the isoforms of human erythropoietin: comparison of urinary and four recombinant erythropoietins. | assays have been developed for the isoforms of erythropoietin (epo) based on their binding to eight different lectins. these assays were used to compare the isoform compositions of two preparations of human urinary epo (uepo) and four preparations of recombinant dna-derived human epo (repo), which had been shown to differ in their biological and immunological properties and in their isoform composition as judged by isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis. agarose-bound ricinus communis agglutin ... | 1996 | 8882159 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdna encoding 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase from agaricus bisporus. | a cdna clone encoding 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase (ec 1.14.13.27) has been isolated using a probe prepared by pcr on the basis of partially determined amino acid sequences of the enzyme. the cdna contained 1380-base pair open reading frame encoding 460 amino acid residues (m(r) 50974), 14-base pair 5'-untranslated region and 123-base pair 3'-untranslated region including a poly(a) tail of 20 nucleotides. all of the partially determined amino acid sequences were shown to be included in the deduce ... | 1996 | 8950172 |
| highly efficient homologous integration via tandem exo-beta-1, 3-glucanase genes in the common mushroom, agaricus bisporus. | homologous integration was studied in the common mushroom, agaricus bisporus, using a plasmid (phag3-1) carrying the hygromycin-resistance gene and a 3.2-kb genomic fragment from a. bisporus. homologous integration was found in 30-60% of the transformants obtained with phag3-1 linearized at three different positions within the homologous sequence, generating either blunt, 5'- or 3'-protruding ends. the genomic fragment was found to contain two homologous open reading frames in tandem, which show ... | 1996 | 8660463 |
| transformation of the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus, to hygromycin b resistance. | application of biotechnology to the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus, has been hampered thus far by the lack of a transformation system. here, transformation of both a homo- and a heterokaryotic strain of a. bisporus to hygromycin b resistance is described. transforming dna was integrated into the a. bisporus genome and stably maintained throughout vegetative growth. transformants of the heterokaryotic strain formed transgenic fruiting bodies. promoters derived from the unrelated ascomycet ... | 1996 | 8602139 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of the gene encoding nadp+- dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (gdha) from agaricus bisporus. | the gene encoding nadp+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (gdha) was isolated from an agaricus bisporus recombinant phage lambda library. the deduced amino acid sequence would specify a 457-amino acid protein that is highly homologous in sequence to those derived from previously isolated and characterized genes coding for microbial nadp+-gdh. the open reading frame is interrupted by six introns. none of the introns is located at either one of the positions of the two introns conserved in the cor ... | 1996 | 8602149 |
| plasmid rna polymerase-like mitochondrial sequences in agaricus bitorquis. | a linear mitochondrial plasmid, pem, found in certain isolates of the basidiomycete agaricus bitorquis, potentially encodes virus-like dna and rna polymerases. mitochondrial dna from agaricus bisporus that hybridizes to an internal region of pem contains a fragmented and potentially non-functional version of the carboxy terminal end of the plasmid rna polymerase. in this study, we present the sequence of the corresponding region of mitochondrial dna from a. bitorquis. this sequence contained the ... | 1996 | 8598058 |
| metabolism of [ring-u-14c] agaritine by precision-cut rat, mouse and human liver and lung slices. | agaritine [(beta-n-[gamma-l(+)glutamyl]-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine] is present in the common cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus and several agaritine derivatives have been shown to produce tumours in experimental animals. in this investigation the metabolism of [ring-u-14c]agaritine has been studied in precision-cut rat, mouse and human liver slices and in precision-cut rat and mouse lung slices. to confirm the functional viability of the tissue slice preparations, the metabolism of 7-eth ... | 1996 | 8761353 |
| nmr imaging of white button mushroom (agaricus bisporis) at various magnetic fields. | nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) have been applied to visualize physiological phenomena in plants and agricultural crops. imaging sequences that result in contrast of a combination of parameters (e.g., proton density, t1, t2, t2*) cannot be used for a correct and unique interpretation of the results. in this study multiecho imaging together with monoexponential t2 decay fitting was applied to determine reliable proton density and t2 distributions over a mushr ... | 1996 | 9065912 |
| molecular characterization of a saline-soluble lectin from a parasitic fungus. extensive sequence similarities between fungal lectins. | it has been proposed that the interactions between several parasitic and pathogenic fungi and their hosts are mediated by soluble lectins present in the fungus. we have cloned and analyzed a gene encoding such a lectin (aol) from the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys oligospora (deuteromycete). the deduced primary structure of the aol gene displayed an extensive similarity (identity 46.3%) to that of a gene encoding a lectin (abl) recently isolated from the mushroom agaricus bisporus (basidiomyc ... | 1996 | 8706686 |
| a multispecific saline-soluble lectin from the parasitic fungus arthrobotrys oligospora. similarities in the binding specificities compared with a lectin from the mushroom agaricus bisporus. | several fungi can express high levels of saline-soluble and low-molecular-mass lectins that bind to glycoproteins such as fetuin and different mucins but not bind to any monosaccharides. in this paper, we report the binding specificities of such a lectin (designated aol) isolated from the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys oligospora. the results show that aol is a multispecific lectin that interacts with the following ligands: (a) several sulfated glycoconjugates including sulfatide, dextran sul ... | 1996 | 8706687 |
| the dinuclear copper site structure of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase in solution probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy. | we have measured the x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) spectra of the enzyme tyrosinase from the mushroom agaricus bisporus in solution in the oxy and deoxy forms. the spectra, obtained under the same conditions as the analogous forms of mollusc hemocyanin (hc), show that the oxidation state of copper changes from cu(ii) (oxy form) to cu(i) (deoxy form), and the copper active site(s) of a. bisporus tyrosinase in solution undergoes the same main conformational changes as hc. we have ap ... | 1996 | 8702866 |
| new contributions to the wall polysaccharide structure of vegetative mycelium and fruit body cell walls of agaricus bisporus. | significant differences in chemical composition and structure of wall polysaccharides were found in agaricus bisporus vegetative mycelium in comparison with the fruit body mycelium. chemical fractionation of the walls demonstrated distinct percentages of the successively solubilized polysaccharides in both walls, and different proportions of their respective sugar monomers. permethylation of isolated fractions also showed striking differences relative to the sugar linkages between the two types ... | 1996 | 9018694 |
| an abundant hydrophobin (abh1) forms hydrophobic rodlet layers in agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies. | the sds-insoluble protein fraction of agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies was solubilized with trifluoroacetic acid. on sds-page this fraction was found to contain one abundant protein with an apparent m(r) of 16 kda. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein was determined and rt-pcr used to isolate a cdna clone which upon sequencing identified the protein as a typical class i hydrophobin (abh1). the gene (abh1) was isolated and sequenced, and a second hydrophobin gene (abh2) was found a ... | 1996 | 8704971 |
| 15n-nmr study of ammonium assimilation in agaricus bisporus. | ammonium assimilation was studied by feeding [15n]ammonium to actively growing mycelium of agaricus bisporus. products of ammonium assimilation were analysed using 15n-nmr. participation of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and nadp-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase was determined by inhibiting glutamine synthetase with phosphinothricin and glutamate synthase with azaserine. our results clearly indicate that, under the conditions used, ammonium assimilation is mainly catalysed by the enzy ... | 1996 | 9244178 |
| molecular characterization of the glna gene encoding glutamine synthetase from the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | the gene encoding glutamine synthetase (glna) was isolated from an agaricus bisporus h39 recombinant lambda phage library. the deduced a. bisporus glutamine synthetase amino acid sequence contains 354 residues. the amino acid sequence is very similar to that derived from the gene coding for glutamine synthetase of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the open reading frame is interrupted by four introns. northern analysis revealed that transcription of the gene is repressed upon addition of ammon ... | 1997 | 9349709 |
| blue and yellow laccases of ligninolytic fungi. | extracellular laccases from submerged cultures of coriolus versicolor bkm f-116, panus tigrinus 8/18, phlebia radiata 79 (atcc 64658), phlebia tremellosa 77-51 and from cultures of pa. tigrinus 8/18, ph. radiata 79 and agaricus bisporus d-649 grown on wheat straw (solid-state fermentation) were purified. all enzymes from submerged cultures had a blue colour and characteristic absorption and epr spectra. laccases from the solid-state cultures were yellow-brown and had no typical blue oxidase spec ... | 1997 | 9368354 |
| lack of carcinogenesis by the baked mushroom agaricus bisporus in mice: different feeding regimen [corrected]. | agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom of the western hemisphere, was baked at 220-230 degrees c for 10 minutes and subsequently fed to mice for 12 hours each day, five days each week throughout their life. after each feeding cycle, the animals received a well-balanced semisynthetic diet for 12 hours each day for five days plus the remaining two full days each week. the estimated average daily mushroom consumption per animal was 4.8 g for a female and 4.2 g for a male. randomly bred swiss mi ... | 1997 | 9239516 |
| failure of the cultivated mushroom (agaricus bisporus) to induce tumors in the a/j mouse lung tumor model. | we studied whether the cultivated mushroom (agaricus bisporus) or 4-(carboxy)phenylhydrazine (cp) induce lung adenomas in the a/j mouse lung tumor model. for 26 weeks female mice were fed a semisynthetic diet where 11 or 22% of the diet was replaced by freeze-dried mushrooms. the intake of the mushroom diets was equivalent to an intake of agaritine, the major phenylhydrazine derivative occurring in the mushroom, of 92 or 166 mg/kg body weight per day. the intake of cp was 106 mg/kg body weight p ... | 1997 | 9570389 |
| quantitative 1h-nmr imaging of water in white button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus). | mri represents a valuable tool for studying the amount and physical status of water in plants and agricultural products, for example, mushrooms (agaricus bisporus). contrast in nmr images originates from the mixed influence of the fundamental nmr parameters, amongst others, spin-density, t2- and t1 relaxation processes. maps of these parameters contain valuable anatomical and physiological information. they can, however, be severely distorted, depending on the combination of parameter settings a ... | 1997 | 9084032 |
| rt-pcr detection of dsrnas associated with la france disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-pcr) is described for the detection of double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules (m1, m2, and l3) associated with la france disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. rt-pcr was faster and more sensitive than current methods used to detect dsrna, such as dsrna extraction and analysis by electrophoresis. another major advantage of rt-pcr was the detection of m1 dsrna in rapidly prepared homogenates of sporophores and spawn, and in ... | 1997 | 9015272 |
| evaluation of the binding patterns of eleven fitc-conjugated lectins in fischer 344 rat testes. | the binding patterns of 11 recently commercially available fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins that have been uncharacterized or undercharacterized in rat testes and/or have an unknown or complex carbohydrate specificity were evaluated in paraffin sections from fischer 344 rat testes. several of the lectins exhibited unique binding patterns that provide information about changes in carbohydrate domains, particularly during germ-cell maturation, that occur during spermatogenesis. agaric ... | 1997 | 9089070 |
| pyranose 2-dehydrogenase, a novel sugar oxidoreductase from the basidiomycete fungus agaricus bisporus. | a novel c-2-specific sugar oxidoreductase, tentatively designated as pyranose 2-dehydrogenase, was purified 68-fold to apparent homogeneity (16.4 u/mg protein) from the mycelia of agaricus bisporus, which expressed maximum activity of the enzyme during idiophasic growth in liquid media. using 1,4-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, pyranose 2-dehydrogenase oxidized d-glucose to d-arabino-2-hexosulose (2-dehydroglucose, 2-ketoglucose), which was identified spectroscopically through its n,n-diph ... | 1997 | 9133318 |
| conservation of genetic linkage with map expansion in distantly related crosses of agaricus bisporus. | a previous map of the genome of a hybrid strain which had european parents belonging to the secondarily homothallic fungus agaricus bisporus var. bisporus appeared to be unusually compact, with a particularly recombophobic segment in the central part of chromosome i. a new map of this segment was constructed based on allelic segregations among 103 homokaryotic offspring of an a. bisporus hybrid between a european parent of the var. bisporus and a californian parent of the heterothallic var. burn ... | 1997 | 9011044 |
| expression of cel2 and cel4, two proteins from agaricus bisporus with similarity to fungal cellobiohydrolase i and beta-mannanase, respectively, is regulated by the carbon source. | two new cellulose-growth specific (cel) cdnas, cel2 and cel4, have been isolated from an agaricus bisporus cdna expression library by immunoscreening with an a. bisporus anti-'endoglucanase' antibody. the deduced amino acid sequences showed that both cel2 and cel4 proteins have a modular structure consisting of a fungal-type cellulose-binding domain (cbd) and a catalytic domain separated by a linker region rich in pro, ser and thr. the cel2 and cel4 catalytic domains were homologous to fungal ce ... | 1997 | 9025297 |
| production and detection of muramidase and acetylglucosaminidase from agaricus bisporus. | the production and regulation of extracellular bacteriolytic enzymes of agaricus bisporus are being studied to understand better the nutrition of this fungus and to identify factors that regulate the selectivity of mushroom compost as a growth medium. both muramidase (ec.3.2.1.17) and n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (beta-glcnacase, ec.3.2.1.30) have been detected in liquid cultures of a. bisporus, and in cultures fruiting in sterile and non-sterile compost. a turbidometric assay, based on the d ... | 1997 | 9248076 |
| pseudomonas tolaasii: extra-genomic factor mediates toxin production and efficiency. | pseudomonas tolaasii is responsible for brown blotch symptoms on agaricus bisporus. investigations among 15 p. tolaasii wild-type strains revealed the existence of an extra-genomic factor. pseudomonas tolaasii cnbp2152d, a spontaneous derivative of the wild-type strain cnbp2152 which has lost the factor, exhibited a significant decline in pathogenicity. comparison of blotch symptoms induced by toxins extracted from cnbp2152 and cnbp2152d showed that the extragenomic factor mediates toxin product ... | 1997 | 9252589 |
| bioactivation of the mushroom hydrazine, agaritine, to intermediates that bind covalently to proteins and induce mutations in the ames test. | the present study was undertaken to establish whether liver and kidney enzyme systems, from rat and mouse, have the potential to metabolise and bioactivate agaritine, beta-n-(gamma-l(+)glutamyl)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine, the most abundant hydrazine present in the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. agaritine was weakly mutagenic, in the absence of an activation system, in salmonella typhimurium strain ta104. rat kidney homogenates, characterised by high gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activ ... | 1997 | 9276636 |
| agaricus bisporus lectin binds mainly o-glycans but also n-glycans of human iga subclasses. | the primary interaction between purified agaricus bisporus lectin (abl) and human iga subclasses was studied by abl-affinity chromatography, dot blot assay and competitive enzyme-lectin assay, considering that abl could be an alternative tool for detection of iga1 o-glycans. both secretory iga subclasses bound to abl-sepharose and the iga2 subclass (which contains only n-glycans) was recovered with a high degree of purity when nh4oh was used as eluent. abl-ig interaction was also observed by dot ... | 1997 | 9147055 |
| isolation of developmentally regulated genes from the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | from a cdna library, constructed from mushroom primordia, nine cdnas were isolated which were either induced or specifically expressed during fruit body development and maturation of the basidiomycete agaricus bisporus. these cdnas varied in size from 372 to 1019 bp and hybridized to transcripts of 400-1600 nt. four of the cdnas were only expressed in the generative phase of the life cycle while the other five cdnas were strongly induced but had low steady-state mrna levels in vegetatively grown ... | 1997 | 9202475 |
| pyranose 2-dehydrogenase, a novel sugar oxidoreductase from the basidiomycete fungus agaricus bisporus | a novel c-2-specific sugar oxidoreductase, tentatively designated as pyranose 2-dehydrogenase, was purified 68-fold to apparent homogeneity (16.4 u/mg protein) from the mycelia of agaricus bisporus, which expressed maximum activity of the enzyme during idiophasic growth in liquid media. using 1,4-benzoquinone as an electron acceptor, pyranose 2-dehydrogenase oxidized d-glucose to d-arabino-2-hexosulose (2-dehydroglucose, 2-ketoglucose), which was identified spectroscopically through its n,n-diph ... | 1997 | 9042751 |
| characterization of an rna-dependent rna polymerase activity associated with la france isometric virus. | purified preparations of la france isometric virus (liv), an unclassified, double-stranded rna (dsrna) virus of agaricus bisporus, were associated with an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity. rdrp activity cosedimented with the 36-nm isometric particles and genomic dsrnas of liv during rate-zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients, suggesting that the enzyme is a constituent of the virion. enzyme activity was maximal in the presence of all four nucleotides, a reducing agent (di ... | 1997 | 9032361 |
| the agaricus bisporus prua gene encodes a cytosolic delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase which is expressed in fruit bodies but not in gill tissue. | a fortuitously cloned 3'-truncated cdna encoding the agaricus bisporus delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase was used to characterize the complete gene. the gene would encode a cytosolic polypeptide of 546 amino acids, and the basidiomycetous gene was evenly expressed in various parts of the mushroom except for the gills. no expression was detected in compost-grown mycelium. the steady-state mrna level of the gene in the vegetative phase was determined on simple synthetic media and was t ... | 1997 | 8979339 |
| cdna cloning of a trichoderma reesei cellulase and demonstration of endoglucanase activity by expression in yeast. | a trichoderma reesei cdna encoding a previously unknown protein with a c-terminal cellulose-binding domain was obtained by complementation screening of a t. reesei cdna library in a sec1 yeast mutant impaired in protein secretion. the t. reesei protein shows amino acid similarity over its entire length to the agaricus bisporus cellulose-induced protein cel1 whose function is not known. these two proteins form a new glycosyl hydrolase family, number 61. expression of the t. reesei cdna in yeast s ... | 1997 | 9370370 |
| bioactivation of mushroom hydrazines to mutagenic products by mammalian and fungal enzymes. | agaritine (n2-[l-(+)-glutamyl]-4-(hydroxymethylphenyl)hydrazine), the principal hydrazine found in the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus, as well as the n'-acetyl derivative of 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine and 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzene diazonium ion, as the tetraborate salt, considered as the putative proximate and ultimate carcinogens of agaritine, were all synthesised chemically. the mutagenicity of these compounds and of 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid, a precursor of agaritine biosynthesis in mus ... | 1997 | 9403039 |
| mitochondrial haplotype influences mycelial growth of agaricus bisporus heterokaryons. | we evaluated the influence of mitochondrial haplotype on growth of the common button mushroom agaricus bisporus. ten pairs of heterokaryon strains, each pair having the same nuclear genome but different mitochondrial genomes, were produced by controlled crosses among a group of homokaryons of both wild and commercial origins. seven genetically distinct mitochondrial dna (mtdna) haplotypes were evaluated in different nuclear backgrounds. the growth of heterokaryon pairs differing only in their mt ... | 1997 | 16535683 |
| carcinogenesis by the cultivated baked agaricus bisporus mushroom in mice. | the mushroom of commerce in the western hemisphere, agaricus bisporus, was administered orally to swiss mice that were 6 weeks old at the start of the experiment the mushrooms were baked at 220-230 degrees c for 10 min. subsequently, the mushrooms were fed to the animals for 3 days and were followed by a semisynthetic diet for 4 days each week, for life. the treatment induced tumors in the forestomach, glandular stomach, duodenum, and ovaries in the following incidences: 20, 12, 14 and 12% in fe ... | 1997 | 21590169 |
| epoetin alfa and beta differ in their erythropoietin isoform compositions and biological properties. | epoetin alfa and beta are the two forms of recombinant dna-derived erythropoietin (repo), both synthesized in chinese hamster ovary cells, which are used for the treatment of erythropoietin (epo)-responsive anaemias. several batches of each of these repos were compared for differences in their epo isoform compositions by isoelectric focusing (ief) and in a range of lectin-binding assays, and for differences in their epo activities by in-vivo and in-vitro mouse bioassays and by immunoassay. epoet ... | 1998 | 9450795 |
| biocompatibility of potential wound management products: hydrogen peroxide generation by fungal chitin/chitosans and their effects on the proliferation of murine l929 fibroblasts in culture. | agaricus bisporus, fusarium graminearum, phycomyces blakesleeanus, unbleached and bleached, rhizomucor miehei, and rhizopus oryzae were examined as sources of fungal chitin/chitosan. the nitrogen content of the alkalitreated mycelia/sporangiophores obtained after optimization of culture conditions, and of similarly treated a. bisporus stipes, was 2.87, 1.29, 6.27, 6.50, 4.80, and 4.95% w/w, respectively, which relates to an estimated chitin content of 42, 19, 91, 94, 70, and 72%, respectively. t ... | 1998 | 9457561 |
| origin, adaptation and evolutionary pathways of fungal viruses. | fungal viruses or mycoviruses are widespread in fungi and are believed to be of ancient origin. they have evolved in concert with their hosts and are usually associated with symptomless infections. mycoviruses are transmitted intracellularly during cell division, sporogenesis and cell fusion, and they lack an extracellular phase to their life cycles. their natural host ranges are limited to individuals within the same or closely related vegetative compatibility groups. typically, fungal viruses ... | 1998 | 9562896 |
| tandem organization and highly disparate expression of the two laccase genes lcc1 and lcc2 in the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. | two non-allelic laccase genes (lcc1 and lcc2) in agaricus bisporus have been mapped to the same cosmid clone and are close together, in tandem. the intergenic region consists of 1562 bp between the stop codon of lcc1 and the start codon of lcc2. differences between the 5' non-coding regions of the two genes suggest the potential for their differential regulation. by employing competitive rt-pcr and specific primer pairs that discriminate between lcc1 and lcc2, it has been shown that the level of ... | 1998 | 9579079 |
| bsn-t alleles from french field strains of agaricus bisporus | in the agaricus bisporus desert population in california, the dominant bsn-t allele determines the production of tetrasporic basidia and homokaryotic spores (n) that characterize a heterothallic life cycle. strains belonging to a french population have the bsn-b/b genotype that results in bisporic basidia that produce heterokaryotic spores (n + n) which characterize a pseudohomothallic life cycle. more recombination occurs in the tetrasporic population than in the bisporic population. in france, ... | 1998 | 9603821 |
| carcinogenesis studies with the lyophilized mushroom agaricus bisporus in mice. | continuous administration of 10, 5, and 2.5% lyophilized agaricus bisporus (ab) mushroom in the diet of six-week-old, randomly bred swiss mice for life induced tumors in the lungs, forestomach, glandular stomach, and ovaries in certain groups. some of the tumor incidences were found to be statistically significant, although no dose-response relationship was established. histopathologically, the neoplasms were classified as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of lungs, glandular stomach, and ovaries and ... | 1998 | 9627808 |
| effect of baking and freeze-drying on the direct and indirect mutagenicity of extracts from the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | the objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of baking and freeze-drying on the direct and indirect mutagenicity in the ames test of ethanolic extracts from the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. direct mutagenicity was not influenced by baking for 10 min at 225 degrees c, but more prolonged baking, for example 4 hr at 100 degrees c reduced mutagenicity. hepatic cytosol from aroclor 1254-induced rats and mushroom tyrosinase potentiated the mutagenic response elicited by the mushroom e ... | 1998 | 9651048 |
| a hydrophobin (abh3) specifically secreted by vegetatively growing hyphae of agaricus bisporus (common white button mushroom). | aerial mycelium and hyphal strands of agaricus bisporus, strain u1, exhibited a rodlet pattern at their surfaces characteristic for assembled class i hydrophobins. an sds-insoluble/trifluoroacetic-acid-soluble fraction from strands was found to contain one abundant protein with an apparent molecular mass on gel of 19 kda. two sequences for this protein (abh3), typical of class i hydrophobins, could be deduced by sequencing cdna clones obtained by rt-pcr. the two forms of the protein could be ass ... | 1998 | 9720057 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of filamentous fungi. | agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of its ti plasmid, the t-dna, to plant cells during tumorigenesis. it is routinely used for the genetic modification of a wide range of plant species. we report that a. tumefaciens can also transfer its t-dna efficiently to the filamentous fungus aspergillus awamori, demonstrating dna transfer between a prokaryote and a filamentous fungus. we transformed both protoplasts and conidia with frequencies that were improved up to 600-fold as compared with conve ... | 1998 | 9743116 |
| isolation of adenylate cyclase gene-specific sequences from ophiostoma novo-ulmi, candida albicans, and agaricus bisporus by pcr. | degenerate primers corresponding to consensus sequences in the catalytic domains of known fungal adenylate cyclases were used to isolate gene-specific homologs from the dutch elm disease pathogen ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the dimorphic human pathogen candida albicans, and the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus. all three fungi gave the expected pcr product of about 390 bp. computer searches of the databases revealed that the products generated from o. novo-ulmi and c. albicans were highly similar ... | 1998 | 9767719 |
| mushroom bacilliform virus rna: the initiation of translation at the 5' end of the genome and identification of the vpg. | mushroom bacilliform virus (mbv) is often found in cultivated mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) with la france disease. mbv has a 4-kb ssrna genome of positive-sense encoding four major open reading frames (orfs). the arrangement of orfs at the 5' end of the genome and the deduced amino-acid sequences of two of the putative gene products (protease and rna-dependent rna polymerase) show remarkable similarity to some plant viruses, particularly subgroup ii luteoviruses. we show that this similarity ex ... | 1998 | 9791015 |