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influence of cadmium and mercury on activities of ligninolytic enzymes and degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by pleurotus ostreatus in soil.the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus was able to degrade the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, and benzo[ghi]perylene in nonsterile soil both in the presence and in the absence of cadmium and mercury. during 15 weeks of incubation, recovery of individual compounds was 16 to 69% in soil without additional metal. while soil microflora contributed mostly to degradation of pyre ...200010831426
carboxin resistance transformation of the homobasidiomycete fungus pleurotus ostreatus.a novel selection marker gene for transformation of the white-rot basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus was developed by introducing a point mutation in a gene which encodes the iron-sulfur protein (ip) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. the mutant gene, cbxr, encodes a modified ip subunit with an amino-acid substitution (his239 to leu) and confers resistance to the systemic fungicide, carboxin. the dna sequence was integrated ectopically in the chromosome of the transformants. this is the first re ...200010794179
manganese peroxidase isoenzymes produced by pleurotus ostreatus grown on wood sawdust.the white rot basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus produces two manganese peroxidase (mnp) isoenzymes when grown in solid stationary conditions on poplar sawdust, whereas a lower production of these same enzymes is observed on fir sawdust. addition of mn(2+) to poplar culture resulted in a threefold increase of mnp activity; the same addition to fir culture was able to increase tenfold the mnp production. the two mnp isoenzymes (mnp2 and mnp3) were purified from p. ostreatus poplar culture. the iso ...200010729203
copper induction of laccase isoenzymes in the ligninolytic fungus pleurotus ostreatus.pleurotus ostreatus is a white rot basidiomycete that produces several extracellular laccase isoenzymes, including phenol oxidase a1b (poxa1b), poxa2, and poxc. poxc was the most abundant isoenzyme produced under all of the growth conditions examined in this study. copper was the most efficient inducer of laccase activity among the putative inducers tested. the amounts of all of the previously described laccase isoenzymes increased substantially in copper-supplemented cultures. under these condi ...200010698752
enzymatic activities during basidiocarp development of pleurotus ostreatus. 20005393104
[comparative study on the productivity of strains of pleurotus spp. in commercial cultivation].this paper describes the commercial production of two strains of pleurotus pulmonarius, selected in the laboratory for their rapid mycelial development and high production of basidiomata, and one commercial strain of pleurotus ostreatus. substrate preparation, impact of pathogens and environmental conditions necessary for the production and quality of the fruiting bodies required are discussed.200015762809
screening of pleurotus ostreatus isolates for their ligninolytic properties during cultivation on natural substrates.thirteen basidiospore-derived isolates of pleurotus ostreatus f6 strain differing in the level of ligninolytic enzyme production and other characteristics (mycelium extension rate, colony morphology) from the parental strain were cultivated on natural substrates. under these conditions ligninolytic enzyme activity, loss of organic mass, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) degradation and colonization of sterile and nonsterile soil were studied. the activity of ligninolytic enzymes was substa ...200011487057
solid-state (13)c cp mas nmr spectroscopy of mushrooms gives directly the ratio between proteins and polysaccharides.the solid-state (13)c cp mas nmr technique has the potential of monitoring the chemical composition in the solid state of an intact food sample. this property has been utilized to study mushrooms of different species (pleurotus ostreatus, pleurotus eryngii, pleurotus pulmunarius, and lentinula edodes), already characterized by chemical analyses for protein and dietary fiber components. solid-state (13)c cp mas nmr spectroscopy reveals a large difference in the ratio between the glucidic and the ...200011087506
a lectin from an edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus as a food intake-suppressing substance.in an experiment in which rats were allowed free access to food and water, the rats did not eat the diet containing a mushroom pleurotus ostreatus even if they were emaciated. a p. ostreatus lectin (pol) was isolated from the mushroom as the food intake-suppression principle. in hemagglutination inhibition assays, me-alphagalnac was the most potent inhibitor among the monosaccharides tested. among all the sugars tested, 2'-fucosyllactose (fucalpha1-->2galbeta1-->4glc) was the strongest inhibitor ...200010779681
[influence of culture conditions on ligninolytic activity of stereum hirsutum].stereum hirsutum bafc 2234 was tested for growth kinetics and ligninolytic enzyme production. the strain showed weak coincidences with widely studied organisms (phanerochaete chrysosporium, pleurotus ostreatus) when the response to nitrogen sources was assayed. this could be interpreted as a different regulation to nitrogen metabolism for s. hirsutum bafc 2234. alternative carbon sources and the addition of veratryl alcohol and wood extracts were also tested showing partial correspondence with o ...200010785937
the molecular genetics of cultivated mushrooms.the types, economic significance and methods of production of the principal cultivated mushrooms are described in outline. these organisms are all less than ideal for conventional genetic analysis and breeding, so molecular methods afford a particular opportunity to advance our understanding of their biology and potentially give the prospect of improvement by gene manipulation. the sequences described are limited to those found in genbank by august 1999. the gene sequences isolated from the whit ...200010907549
sativin: a novel antifungal miraculin-like protein isolated from legumes of the sugar snap pisum sativum var. macrocarpon.an antifungal protein designated sativin was isolated from the legumes of the sugar snap (also known as honey pea) pisum sativum var. macrocarpon. the procedure entailed extraction, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. the protein exhibited a molecular weight of 38 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it possessed an n-terminal amino acid sequence which showed similarity to those of miraculin (a sweet protein) and pisavin (a ribo ...200010968407
a new lectin with highly potent antihepatoma and antisarcoma activities from the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus.a dimeric lectin, composed of subunits with a molecular weight of 40 and 41 kda, respectively, and demonstrating similarity in n-terminal sequence to each other and to aleuria aurantia lectin, was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. the lectin was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose in 10 mmol/l phosphate buffer (ph 7.5), subsequently adsorbed on cm-cellulose in 10 mmol/l nh(4)oac (ph 5.4), and came off in the first peak from a superose 12 column during fast ...200010973803
isolation of a novel ubiquitin-like protein from pleurotus ostreatus mushroom with anti-human immunodeficiency virus, translation-inhibitory, and ribonuclease activities.a glycoprotein, with a ubiquitin-like n-terminal sequence, has been prepared from an extract of fruiting bodies of the mushroom pleurotus ostreatus, using a procedure which included ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and mono q and gel filtration on superdex 75. it exhibited a molecular weight of 12.5 kda and was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and mono q, but adsorbed on affi-blue gel and sp-sepha ...200011027517
application of siderotyping for characterization of pseudomonas tolaasii and "pseudomonas reactans" isolates associated with brown blotch disease of cultivated mushrooms.pyoverdine isoelectric focusing analysis and pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake were used as siderotyping methods to analyze a collection of 57 northern and central european isolates of p. tolaasii and "p. reactans." the bacteria, isolated from cultivated agaricus bisporus or pleurotus ostreatus mushroom sporophores presenting brown blotch disease symptoms, were identified according to the white line test (w. c. wong and t. f. preece, j. appl. bacteriol. 47:401-407, 1979) and their pathogenicity to ...200011055932
a new broad-spectrum protease inhibitor from the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens.a new protease inhibitor was purified to apparent homogeneity from a culture medium of photorhabdus luminescens by ammonium sulfate precipitation and preparative isoelectric focusing followed by affinity chromatography. ph. luminescens, a bacterium symbiotically associated with the insect-parasitic nematode heterorhabditis bacteriophora, exists in two morphologically distinguishable phases (primary and secondary). it appears that only the secondary-phase bacterium produces this protease inhibito ...200011101672
characterization of fungal 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases.to promote understanding of the evolution of the steroid hormone signalling and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (hsds), comparative characterization of fungal 17beta-hsds was performed. constitutive 17beta-hsd activity was determined in cytosols of the fungi: cochliobolus lunatus, pleospora herbarum, fusarium lini, trichoderma viride, mucor spinosus, rhizopus nigricans and pleurotus ostreatus. the reaction equilibrium in all species except p. ostreatus was shifted towards reduction. the preferenti ...200011126752
ligninolytic characteristics of pleurotus ostreatus strain f6 and its monokaryotic protoplast derivative p19.a stable isolate of pleurotus ostreatus p19 differing in some morphological and physiological characteristics from its parental wild-type strain f6 was obtained via protoplast isolation during the preparation of strains with altered ligninolytic abilities. the isolate is monokaryotic, does not form clamp-connections, and produces much higher activities of enzymes involved in lignin modification (laccase, manganese peroxidase). cellulase activity was comparable to that of wild-type strain f6, but ...200011142407
the terminal protein of a linear mitochondrial plasmid is encoded in the n-terminus of the dna polymerase gene in white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus.the gene structure and expression of the linear mitochondrial plasmids of the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus, pmlp1 and pmlp2, were analyzed. cleavage by proteinase k and exonucleases indicated that the 5' ends of pmlp1 and pmlp2 dnas were associated with terminal proteins. nucleotide sequencing of the entire pmlp1 dna revealed that it consists of 9,879 bp with terminal inverted repeat (tir) sequences of 381 bp. the end sequence of tir in pmlp1 is 3'-ccccc-5', similar to those of escherich ...200011191213
biotransformation of banana waste into protein by pleurotus sajor-caju.pseudostems and leaves from banana waste were used for biotransformation into protein by using p. sajor-caju, an oyster mushroom. treatment of formalin (500 ppm) + carbendazim (12.5 ppm) of these substrates was found to favour relatively high percentage biological efficiency (be) of p. sajor-caju.. steam sterilization also exhibited comparable yield performance by p. sajor-caju. fruiting bodies harvested from all the treatments had relatively higher protein contents. the spent substrate (steam s ...200012557923
mycelium growth kinetics and optimal temperature conditions for the cultivation of edible mushroom species on lignocellulosic substrates.the influence of environmental parameters on mycelial linear growth of pleurotus ostreatus, p. eryngii, p. pulmonarius, agrocybe aegerita, lentinula edodes, volvariella volvacea and auricularia auricula-judae was determined in two different nutrient media in a wide range of temperature, forming the basis for the assessment of their temperature optima. v. volvacea grew faster at 35 degrees c, p. eryngii at 25 degrees c, p. ostreatus and p. pulmonarius at 30 degrees c, a. aegerita at 25 or 30 degr ...200111702409
glycoinositolphosphosphingolipids (basidiolipids) of higher mushrooms.the basidiolipids of six mushroom species, i.e. the basidiomycetes amanita virosa (engl., death cup), calvatia exipuliformis (engl., puffball), cantharellus cibarius (engl., chanterelle), leccinum scabrum (engl., red birch boletus), lentinus edodes (jap., shiitake), and pleurotus ostreatus (engl., oystermushroom), were isolated, and their chemical structures investigated. all glycolipids are structurally related to those of the agaricales (engl., field mushroom). they are glycoinositolphosphosph ...200111231270
alteration of inhibitory properties of pleurotus ostreatus proteinase a inhibitor 1 by mutation of its c-terminal region.pleurotus ostreatus proteinase a inhibitor 1 (poia1), which is composed of 76 residues without disulfide bridges, is a unique inhibitor in that it exhibits sequence similarity to the propeptides of subtilisins. in order to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of poia1, we constructed an expression system for a synthetic poia1 gene. the wild-type poia1 was found to inhibit subtilisin bpn' with an inhibitor constant (k(i)) of 3.2 x 10(-9) m, but exhibited a time-dependent decrease of inhibitory acti ...200111243873
pcb congener selective biodegradation by the white rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus in contaminated soil.six strains of white rot fungi were tested for their biodegradation ability of low chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) commercial mixture (delor 103) in real soil system. phanerochaete chrysosporium and trametes versicolor did not show any ability to degrade pcbs in soil. on the contrary, four strains of pleurotus ostreatus were able to remove about 40% of delor 103 in two months. all p. ostreatus strains decomposed pcbs selectively with the preference for congeners with chlorine atoms in ...200111297400
the lectin from the mushroom pleurotus ostreatus: a phosphatase-activating protein that is closely associated with an alpha-galactosidase activity. a part of this paper has been presented as a preliminary report at the 17th interlec. meeting 1997 in würzburg, germany.the lectin from the mushroom pleurotus ostreatus described earlier [f. conrad, h. rüdiger, the lectin from pleurotus ostreatus: purification, characterization and interaction with a phosphatase, phytochemistry 36 (1994) 277-283] was further characterized. determination of the isoelectric point by capillary electrophoresis gave a value of 7.6. the dissociation constant of the lectin-alpha-lactose-1-phosphate complex determined by capillary electrophoresis is 3 mm. the activation of an endogenous ...200111297800
kinetic differences of purified laccases from six pleurotus ostreatus strains.enzyme kinetics of purified laccases from six different pleurotus ostreatus strains were determined in the oxidation of syringaldazine, guaiacol and abts.200111328500
characteristics and n-terminal amino acid sequence of manganese peroxidase from solid substrate cultures of agaricus bisporus.extracellular manganese peroxidase (mnp) was purified from the compost extract of agaricus bisporus using anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). two forms (mnp1 and mnp2) were separated by isoelectric focusing and their isoelectric points were determined to be 3.25 (mnp1) and 3.3 (mnp2). both forms had a molecular mass of 40 kda. the first 25 amino acids of the n-terminal end of mnp1 sequence was found to share 68% ...200111330710
biological efficiency and nutritional value of pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on spent beer grain.unpretreated spent beer grains were successfully used as a basic substrate material for the cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus. the effects of spent grain types, additives, substrate moisture content, and substrate packing density on the yield and nutrition of fruit bodies were investigated. the cultivation results showed that few fruit bodies were formed on spent grain alone; however, a significantly high biological efficiency (19.1%) was obtained with the addition of wheat bran to (45%). the c ...200111341691
contents of vitamins, mineral elements, and some phenolic compounds in cultivated mushrooms.the aim of the study was to determine the contents of mineral elements (ca, k, mg, na, p, cu, fe, mn, cd, pb, and se), vitamins (b(1), b(2), b(12), c, d, folates, and niacin), and certain phenolic compounds (flavonoids, lignans, and phenolic acids) in the cultivated mushrooms agaricus bisporus/white, agaricus bisporus/brown, lentinus edodes, and pleurotus ostreatus. selenium, toxic heavy metals (cd, pb), and other mineral elements were analyzed by etaas, icp-ms, and icp methods, respectively; vi ...200111368601
isolation, characterization, and expression patterns of a dmc1 homolog from the basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.here we describe the isolation of a pleurotus ostreatus gene podmc1. the predicted amino acid sequence of the oyster mushroom gene is 62% identical to the yeast dmc1 and 60% identical to human dmc1. the highest degree of amino acid identity (88%), however, was shown with coprinus colim15, a dmc1 homolog recently found in coprinus cinereus. the exact matching of sizes and positions of most introns in both basidiomycete genes underlines the close relationship between these dmc1 orthologs. the reca ...200111407886
proposal of mycetocola gen. nov. in the family microbacteriaceae and three new species, mycetocola saprophilus sp. nov., mycetocola tolaasinivorans sp. nov. and mycetocola lacteus sp. nov., isolated from cultivated mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus.the taxonomic positions of 10 tolaasin-detoxifying bacteria, which were isolated from the cultivated mushroom pleurotus ostreatus, were investigated. these strains are gram-positive, obligately aerobic, non-sporulating and irregular rod-shaped bacteria. they have the following characteristics: the major menaquinone is mk-10, the dna g+c content ranges from 64 to 65 mol%, the diamino acid in the cell wall is lysine and the muramic acid in the peptidoglycan is an acetyl type. the major fatty acids ...200111411718
efficient transformation of filamentous fungus pleurotus ostreatus using single-strand carrier dna.the effects of carrier dnas on the transformation of the basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus were analyzed. when lambda phage dna was added to a transformation mixture containing protoplasts and cbxr vector plasmid, an increased number of drug-resistant transformants was observed on a screening plate containing 2 microg carboxin/ml. the highest efficiency (about 200 transformants/microg vector plasmid) was obtained by the addition of heat-denatured lambda dna, which gave yields approximately 50-fo ...200111414321
human heterophile antibodies recognizing distinct carbohydrate epitopes on basidiolipids from different mushrooms.investigating the immune properties of basidiolipids, i.e., glycoinositolphosphoceramides (gipc) of basidiomytes, higher mushrooms, it was detected that sera of normal adult human subjects contained igg2 and igm heterophile antibodies (hetabs) that immunoreacted with these lipids. however, this immune recognition was not shared by the glycolipids of all mushroom species. the basidiolipids of amanita virosa (eng., death cup) and cantharellus cibarius (engl., chantarelle), of all mushroom species ...200111465669
capacity of irpex lacteus and pleurotus ostreatus for decolorization of chemically different dyes.the rate and efficiency of decolorization of poly r-478- or remazol brilliant blue r (rbbr)-containing agar plates (200 microg x g(-1)) were tested to evaluate the dye degradation activity in a total of 103 wood-rotting fungal strains. best strains were able to completely decolorize plates within 10 days at 28 degrees c. irpex lacteus and pleurotus ostreatus were selected and used for degradation of six different groups of dyes (azo, diazo, anthraquinone-based, heterocyclic, triphenylmethane, ph ...200111500204
characteristics of wine produced by mushroom fermentation.saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main microorganism used in wine brewing, because this microbe has potent ability to produce alcohol dehydrogenase. we have recently discovered that some genera of mushroom produced alcohol dehydrogenase, and made wine by using a mushroom in place of s. cerevisiae. the highest alcohol concentration in this wine was achieved with pleurotus ostreatus (2.6 m, 12.2%). in the case of agaricus blazei, the same alcohol concentration (1.7 m, 8%) was produced under both aer ...200111515544
biology, life table and host specificity of the mushroom pest, brennandania lambi (acari: pygmephoroidea).biology and life table parameters of brennandania lambi (krczal) were studied at different temperatures while feeding on white mushroom (agaricus bisporus) mycelium cultured on mushroom compost. the duration of egg and larva development, preoviposition and oviposition period, female longevity, and the time to 50% mortality declined as temperature increased from 16 to 28 degrees c. the threshold temperature of development (female) was 9 degrees c and the thermal constant for completion of develop ...200111523915
structural and kinetic characterization of native laccases from pleurotus ostreatus, rigidoporus lignosus, and trametes trogii.a comparative study has been performed on five native laccases purified from the three basidiomycete fungi pleurotus ostreatus, rigidoporus lignosus, and trametes trogii to relate their different catalytic capacities to their structural properties. spectroscopic absorption features and epr spectra at various ph values of the five enzymes are very similar and typical of the blue oxidases. the analysis of the dependence of kinetic parameters on ph suggested that a histidine residue is involved in ...200111565899
effect of pleuran (beta-glucan from pleurotus ostreatus) on the antioxidant status of the organism and on dimethylhydrazine-induced precancerous lesions in rat colon.the effect of pleuran (beta-1,3-d-glucan isolated from the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus) on the antioxidant status of the organism and on the development of precancerous aberrant crypt foci (acf) lesions in the colon is studied in the male wistar rat. a diet containing either 10% pleuran or 10% cellulose was compared with a cellulose-free diet and both were found to significantly reduced conjugated diene content in erythrocytes and in liver. particularly significant was the reduction of c ...200111575739
mating-type genes for basidiomycete strain improvement in mushroom farming.mushroom production is dependent on the quality of the spawn used to inoculate the cultures. in order to produce high-quality spawn, breeding programs for strains resistant to certain diseases and able to form high-quality fruit bodies under standard growth conditions are necessary. the investigation of the molecular basis for mating provides access to the use of mating-type genes in order to facilitate breeding. for research purposes, two mushroom-forming homobasidiomycetes have been used due t ...200111601606
stable transformation of pleurotus ostreatus to hygromycin b resistance using lentinus edodes gpd expression signals.it was reported that pleurotus ostreatus was transformed unstably using recombinant plasmids containing a hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene (hph) under the control of aspergillus nidulans expression signals, and that the plasmids were maintained extrachromosomally in the transformants. here we report a stable and integrative transformation of the fungus to hygromycin b resistance, using a recombinant hph fused with lentinus edodes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression signals. r ...200111601618
roles of two white-rot basidiomycete fungi in decolorisation and detoxification of olive mill waste water.a phanerochaete chrysosporium strain was isolated from moroccan olive mill waste water (omw) and its ability to degrade omw in different culture conditions was investigated and compared to that of pleurotus ostreatus. the results indicated that ph. chrysosporium isolate is more efficient than pl. ostreatus in decolorising and detoxifying omw in the presence of added nutrients. ph. chrysosporium is able to remove more than 50% of the colour and phenols from omw within 6 days of incubation, wherea ...200111693925
improvement of salt tolerance in transgenic potato plants by glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase gene transfer.in the previous experiment, we isolated and characterized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene of the oyster mushroom, pleurotus sajor-caju. expression levels of the gpd gene in the mycelia of p sajor-caju was significantly increased by exposing the mycelia to abiotic stresses, such as salt, cold, heat, and drought. we also showed that gpd confers abiotic stress resistance when introduced into yeast cells. the survival rate of the transgenic yeast cell that harbored the gpd gene w ...200111710519
effect of pleuran (beta-glucan from pleurotus ostreatus) in diet or drinking fluid on colitis in rats.the effects of pleuran, beta-glucan isolated from pleurotus ostreatus, were studied in a model of acute colitis in rats. pleuran was given either as a 2% food component or as 0.44% pleuran hydrogel drink over 4 weeks. colitis was induced by intraluminal instillation of 4% acetic acid and after 48 h the extent of colonic damage and several biochemical parameters were examined. pleuran supplementation both in food and in drinking fluid significantly decreased the disposition to colitis. the macros ...200111715351
effects of pleuran (beta-glucan isolated from pleurotus ostreatus) on experimental colitis in rats.the effects of pleuran, beta-1,3 glucan isolated from pleurotus ostreatus, were studied in a model of acute colitis induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid. there was a reduction of the colonic damage score, colonic wet weight and wet/dry weight ratio 48 h after single luminal 2% pleuran suspension pretreatment. similar results were obtained after repeated intraperitoneal administration of pleuran in doses of 30 and 100 mg/kg. pleuran given orally as a 10% food component over 4 wee ...200111829318
biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by native microflora and combinations of white-rot fungi in a coal-tar contaminated soil.four white-rot fungi (phanerochaete chrysosporium imi 232175, pleurotus ostreatus from the university of alberta microfungus collection imi 341687, coriolus versicolor imi 210866 and wye isolate #7) and all possible combinations of two or more of these fungi, were incubated in microcosms containing wheat straw and non-sterile coal-tar contaminated soil to determine their potential to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). biotic and abiotic controls were prepared similarly and pah conc ...200111131793
microbial degradation of cellulose wastes in continuous bioreactors.this paper reports on experiments concerning the biodegradation of cellulose wastes from wine-producing industries, as well as from cereal crops processing in agricultural farms, using cellulolytic bacterial and fungal species immobilized on radiopolymerized hydrogels. there are described three types of such bioreactors and their main features. the immobilization procedures have been achieved using the following species of microorganisms: bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis, from bacteria, as ...200115954586
relationship between monokaryotic growth rate and mating type in the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.the edible fungus pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) is an industrially produced heterothallic homobasidiomycete whose mating is controlled by a bifactorial tetrapolar genetic system. two mating loci (mata and matb) control different steps of hyphal fusion, nuclear migration, and nuclear sorting during the onset and progress of the dikaryotic growth. previous studies have shown that the segregation of the alleles present at the matb locus differs from that expected for a single locus because ...200111472908
transcript and activity levels of different pleurotus ostreatus peroxidases are differentially affected by mn2+.the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus produces both manganese-dependent peroxidase (mnp) and versatile peroxidase (vp) in non-manganese-amended peptone medium (pm). we studied the effect of mn2+ supplementation on mnps and vps in p. ostreatus by analysing the enzymatic and transcript abundance profiles of the peroxidases, as well as the lignin mineralization rate. the fungus was grown in pm under solid-state conditions using perlite as an inert solid support. mn2+ amendment resulted in a 1.7- ...200111422318
homologous expression of recombinant manganese peroxidase genes in ligninolytic fungus pleurotus ostreatus.pleurotus ostreatus is a white-rot fungus known as an efficient degrader of lignin and also various organo-pollutants. using a dna-mediated transformation system, a molecular breeding approach to isolate over-producers of a manganese peroxidase isozyme, mnp3, was carried out. recombinant mnp3 constructs under the control of p. ostreatus sdi1 expression signals were introduced into the wild-type p. ostreatus strain by co-transformation with a carboxin-resistant vector plasmid, ptm1. one of the re ...200111414322
degradation of lignin in wheat straw during growth of the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) using off-line thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and solid-state (13)c nmr.the oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) is widely cultivated on wheat straw (triticum aestivum); however, there is a need to better understand the relationship between the chemical composition of the compost and mushroom growth. wheat straw was degraded over a period of 63 days by p. ostreatus during which time it was sampled at weekly intervals. off-line thermochemolysis with tetramethylammonium hydroxide and solid-state (13)c nmr were then used in the molecular characterization of the undegr ...200111409955
purification, characterization, and functional role of a novel extracellular protease from pleurotus ostreatus.a new extracellular protease (posl; pleurotus ostreatus subtilisin-like protease) from p. ostreatus culture broth has been purified and characterized. posl is a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 75 kda, a pi of 4.5, and an optimum ph in the alkaline range. the inhibitory profile indicates that posl is a serine protease. the n-terminal and three tryptic peptide sequences of posl have been determined. the homology of one internal peptide with conserved sequence around the asp residue ...200111375191
two-stage biohumus production from inedible potato biomass.the feasibility of a two-stage bioconversion of inedible potato biomass into biohumus by oyster mushroom followed by worms was tested. as a raw material for biohumus production the inedible potato biomass in certain properties ranked below wheat straw. the most feasible method to convert the potato wastes into biohumus was to mix them with wheat straw at the mass ratio of 1:3 and then treat with mushrooms followed by worms. this gave a good yield of mushrooms. the biohumus produced from the mixt ...200111341687
copper sorption by native and modified pellets of wood-rotting basidiomycetes.the aim of this study was to investigate the biosorption of copper to the pellets of different wood-rotting fungal species.200111264752
comparison of three fungal laccases from rigidoporus lignosus and pleurotus ostreatus: correlation between conformation changes and catalytic activity.the conformation changes in solution of three fungal laccases in different environmental conditions were examined by circular dichroism (cd) and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy. cd measurements indicate that the secondary structure of proteins depends slightly on the ph or ionic strength, though the presence of salt could interfere in the molecular recognition process between substrates and enzymes. the enzymes, however, are highly destabilized by prolonged exposure to low ph ...200111192701
veratryl alcohol stimulates fruiting body formation in the oyster mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus.the oyster mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus, cultivated in solid state on sugarcane bagasse-wheat bran (5:1) medium in the presence of veratryl alcohol resulted in an increased production of the fruiting body at earlier times compared to when the fungus was grown in the absence of veratryl alcohol. the results indicate a new physiological role for veratryl alcohol in stimulating fruiting body formation. veratryl alcohol also stimulated laccase production during the mycelial growth stage. evidence i ...200111164314
production of manganese peroxidase by pellet culture of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete, pleurotus ostreatus.pleurotus ostreatus no. 42 produced the ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase (mnp) and laccase, in agitation culture in glucose/peptone/wheat-bran medium. formation of mycelial pellets 1-2 mm in diameter was essential for the production of mnp; and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the culture medium greatly influenced the production of mnp, a concentration over 5 ppm being necessary for mnp production. the maximal activity of mnp was obtained on days 7-9 of culture, after the consu ...200111525618
infra-red spectroscopic analyses of banana waste degraded by oyster mushroom.carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen analyses of banana leaf and pseudostem biomass revealed their potentiality as substrates for microorganisms. infra-red (ir) spectra of both biomass show presence of cellulose, xylan and lignin. ir spectra of leaf and pseudostem biomass degraded in solid state fermentation (ssf) by two pleurotus species (p. sajor-caju and p. ostreatus) for 40 days showed the utilization of cellulose, xylan and lignin by these microbes. dynamics of various lignocellulolytic enzymes of ...200212587734
removal of phenolics in olive mill wastewaters using the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus.olive mill wastewaters (omw) present a major environmental problem. the large amounts generated, combined with the high phenols and chemical oxygen demand concentrations, are the main difficulties in finding a solution for the management of these wastewaters, which are dangerous for the environment. the phenols, which are contained in the omw have a structure similar to lignin, which makes them difficult to biodegrade. lignin can be degraded only by a few microorganisms, such as "white-rot" basi ...200212448515
variability of laccase activity in the white-rot basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.the production of laccase in liquid cultures of the white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus was highly variable. during the first days of cultivation, the relative variability was as high as 80-100% and it decreased to 30% in the course of cultivation. the main source of variability was assumed to be the independent development of enzyme activity in individual cultures. cultures with high laccase production showed also high production of the other ligninolytic enzyme--mn-dependent peroxidase. the v ...200212422515
growth and productivity of different pleurotus ostreatus strains on sunflower seed hulls supplemented with n-nh4+ and/or mn(ii).the mycelial growth rates in lineal growth assay, yield, and production rate of five pleurotus ostreatus strains were evaluated in response to different levels of mn(ii) and/or nh4+ in a substrate containing sunflower seed hulls as a main energy and nutritional component. each strain showed different basal values for mycelial growth rate and biological efficiency on sunflower seed-hull substrate. adding growth limiting mineral nutrients increased the mycelial growth rate by 13-25%. primordia ini ...200212139334
transformation of the edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus by particle bombardment.uracil auxotroph of pleurotus ostreatus was transformed to prototrophy by means of particle bombardment. five transformants were obtained under three conditions differing in the two parameters of target distance and helium pressure. the transformation frequency was one transformant per microg of dna. in the transformants, plasmid dnas were integrated into the genomic dna and stably maintained. this is the first report on transformation of p. ostreatus by particle bombardment.200212076804
lignocellulose affects mn2+ regulation of peroxidase transcript levels in solid-state cultures of pleurotus ostreatus.the effect of mn2+ amendment on peroxidase gene expression was studied during pleurotus ostreatus growth on cotton stalks. four peroxidase-encoding genes were expressed differentially and in a manner different from that observed in defined media. mn2+ affects mnp3 expression even 2 h after its addition to the cultures, suggesting a direct effect of the metal ion on expression.200212039783
liquid chromatographic and electrophoretic characterisation of extracellular beta-glucosidase of pleurotus ostreatus grown in organic waste.the production of beta-glucosidase by the ligninolytic fungus pleurotus ostreatus has been studied in different culture media containing agro-industrial wastes. the enzyme is purified by anion-exchange chromatography, the molecular mass and isoelectric point of purified beta-glucosidase are measured by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and isoelectric focusing and the stability and kinetic parameters of the enzyme assessed by spectrophotometry. it has been estab ...200212013217
influence of spawn rate and commercial delayed release nutrient levels on pleurotus cornucopiae (oyster mushroom) yield, size, and time to production.pleurotus cornucopiae 608 was grown on a mixture of pasteurized cottonseed hulls (75% dry wt). 24% chopped wheat straw, and 1% ground limestone. the substrate was spawned at various levels (1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75%, or 5% wet wt) and not supplemented or supplemented with commercial delayed release nutrient (campbell's s-41) at various levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12%). maximum yield (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity) was obtained at 3.75-5% spawn level and 6% s-41 supplement. as supplemen ...200211954801
quantitative trait loci controlling vegetative growth rate in the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.mycelium growth rate is a quantitative characteristic that exhibits continuous variation. this trait has applied interest, as growth rate is correlated with production yield and increased advantage against competitors. in this work, we studied growth rate variation in the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus growing as monokaryotic or dikaryotic mycelium on eger medium or on wheat straw. our analysis resulted in identification of several genomic regions (quantitative trait loci [qtls]) invol ...200211872457
copper and cadmium increase laccase activity in pleurotus ostreatus.addition of copper (0.5-5 mm) or cadmium (1-5 mm) to the white rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus cultivated in liquid nitrogen-limited medium for 12 days increased the activity of laccase. the addition of 2 mm cd led to an 18.5-fold increase of activity, 1 mm cu increased the activity eight-fold. when added earlier than 12 days, the activation of laccase was delayed (cu) or decreased (cd). ag, hg, pb, zn, and h(2)o(2) decreased laccase activity. to study the effect on native enzymes, purified lacca ...200211786259
using spectrophotometry and spectral mapping technique for the study of the production of manganese-dependent and manganese-independent peroxidases by pleurotus ostreatus.the activity of manganese-dependent and manganese-independent peroxidases produced by pleurotus ostreatus in culture media composed of agro-residues was measured by visible spectrophotometry. the overall enzyme activity and its selectivity were separated by using spectral mapping technique followed by nonlinear mapping. the relationships between the parameters of enzyme production and the composition of culture media and fermentation time was assessed by stepwise regression analysis. calculation ...200211741699
presence of pleurotus ostreatus in patagonia, argentina.specimens belonging to the genus pleurotus were collected growing on fallen trunks of araucaria araucana, a native tree with a poorly known mycoflora, which grows in patagonia, argentina. fruitbodies were produced in culture on sawdust from an isolated strain. interspecific pairing tests performed between mating types of pleurotus from patagonia and tester strains of p. pulmonarius and p. ostreatus showed the patagonia strain to be 100% compatible with p. ostreatus and incompatible with p. pulmo ...200212828514
decolorization of synthetic dyes by pleurotus ostreatus isolates differing in ligninolytic properties.the ability to decolorize four synthetic dyes (phenol red, evans blue, eosin yellowish and poly b411) in five pleurotus ostreatus strains (a parental strain and four isolates derived from it) was determined. two of the isolates had markedly higher and other two substantially lower production of ligninolytic enzymes and hydrogen peroxide than the parental strain. like the parental strain, the higher-producing isolates were able to decolorize all the tested dyes, but not to a higher extent than th ...200212630321
biosynthesis of p-anisaldehyde by the white-rot basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.the white-rot basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus produced sweet flavor compounds on a liquid medium. the major and minor compounds identified by gc-ms analysis were p-anisaldehyde (4-methoxybenzaldehyde) and 3-chloro-p-anisaldehyde (3-chloro-4-methoxybenzaldehyde), respectively. p-anisaldehyde was only produced under static culture conditions. differences in the type and quantity of flavor compounds produced among wild strains of p. ostreatus were observed. aryl alcohol oxidase and manganese pero ...200216233188
comparative analysis of sequences expressed during the liquid-cultured mycelia and fruit body stages of pleurotus ostreatus.to characterize genes involved in fruit body development, two complementary dna (cdna) libraries were constructed from rna isolated from liquid-cultured mycelia and fruit bodies of pleurotus ostreatus. using single-pass sequencing of cdna clones, 952 and 1069 expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from liquid-cultured mycelia and fruit body cdna library, respectively. a blastx search revealed that 390 of the liquid-cultured mycelia ests (41%) and 531 of the fruit body ests (50%) showed si ...200211848675
purification and characterization of lipoxygenase from pleurotus ostreatus.lipoxygenase was purified homogeneously from cups of pleurotus ostreatus by sephacryl s-400 hr gel filtration, dyematrex green a affinity, and deae-toyopearl 650m ion-exchange chromatographies. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 67,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 66,000 by gel filtration; the isoelectric point was ph 5.1. the optimum ph and temperature of the enzymatic activity were 8.0 and 25 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme contained ...200211853512
protein quality of four types of edible mushrooms found in jordan.this study was conducted to determine the protein quality of four types of edible mushrooms, terfezia claveryi, pleurotus ostreatus, tricholoma terreum and agaricus macrosporus that are common in jordan. protein efficiency ratio (per) and net protein utilization methods (npu) were used. the four mushroom types failed to support growth as reflected by negative values for per; -1.76 for t. claveryi; -0.23 for p. ostreatus; -0.98 for t. terreum and -0.41 for a. macrosporus. the npu(op), npu(st) and ...200211855617
protein digestibility using corrected amino acid score method (pdcaas) of four types of mushrooms grown in jordan.this study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality of four types of edible mushrooms common in jordan in terms of protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (pdcaas), which is a combination of the chemical score of the limiting amino acid multiplied by true digestibility of the protein. true protein digestibility values were low (61.4, 73.4, 52.6 and 80.5 for terfezia claveryi, pleurotus ostreatus, tricholoma terrum and agaricus macrosporus, respectively). based on the essential amin ...200211855618
structure of poia1, a homologous protein to the propeptide of subtilisin: implication for protein foldability and the function as an intramolecular chaperone.solution structure of poia1 (pleurotus ostreatus proteinase a inhibitor 1), which functions as an intramolecular chaperone and as an inhibitor to subtilisin, was determined. by making use of the fact that poia1 is the only structured protein that shows homology to the propeptide of subtilisin, which is unstructured by itself, foldability of this protein was elucidated. it became clear that the evolutionarily conserved residues play two important roles, one for the maintenance of its own structur ...200211916386
investigation of the response of wood-rotting fungi to copper stress by size-exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis with icp ms detection.a method based on the coupling of size-exclusion chromatography (sec) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp ms) was developed for screening the changes in the bioligand composition of wood-rotting fungi as a function of their exposure to copper stress. strains of four different species of wood-rotting fungi: phanerochaete chrysosporium, schizophyllum commune, daedalea quercina and pleurotus ostreatus were examined. only one, namely ph. chrysosporium, showed any significant diffe ...200211939533
requirement for hydrophobic phe residues in pleurotus ostreatus proteinase a inhibitor 1 for stable inhibition.pleurotus ostreatus proteinase a inhibitor 1 (poia1) has been shown to be unique among the various serine protease inhibitors in that its c-terminal region appears to be the reactive site responsible for its inhibitory action toward proteases. to investigate in more detail the mechanism of inhibition by poia1, we have been studying its structural requirements for stable inhibition of proteases. in this study, we focused on hydrophobic phe residues, which are generally located in the interior of ...200211983933
pleurotus and agrocybe hemolysins, new proteins hypothetically involved in fungal fruiting.novel hemolytic proteins, ostreolysin and aegerolysin, were purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushrooms pleurotus ostreatus and agrocybe aegerita. both ostreolysin and aegerolysin have a molecular weight of about 16 kda, have low isoelectric points of 5.0 and 4.85, are thermolabile, and hemolytic to bovine erythrocytes at nanomolar concentrations. their activity is impaired by micromolar hg(2+) but not by membrane lipids and serum low-density lipoproteins (ldl). the sequence of res ...200212020804
a novel and potent ribonuclease from fruiting bodies of the mushroom pleurotus pulmonarius.a ribonuclease (rnase), with an n-terminal sequence different from those of ribonucleases from the mushrooms irpex lacteus, lentinus edodes, pleurotus ostreatus, pleurotus tuber-regium, and volvariella volvacea, was purified from fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom pleurotus pulmonarius. the n-terminal sequence of p. pulmonarius rnase manifested homology to a portion of the sequences of ribosome inactivating protein abrin-b, abrin-c, and abrin-d, and bacillus subtilis transcriptional regulato ...200212054550
a novel peptide with ribonuclease and translation-inhibitory activities from fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus.from the fresh fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom a peptide with a molecular weight of 9 kda and demonstrating a novel n-terminal sequence gpcylvafyessgrr was isolated. the isolation procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and mono s. the peptide was adsorbed on both types of chromatographic media. the peptide demonstrated a ribonuclease activity of 650 u/mg toward yeast transfer rna. it inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an ic5 ...200212093000
mycoremediation of pah-contaminated soil.out of a number of white-rot fungal cultures, strains of irpex lacteus and pleurotus ostreatus were selected for degradation of 7 three- and four-ring unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in two contaminated industrial soils. respective data for removal of pah in the two industrial soils by i. lacteus were: fluorene (41 and 67%), phenanthrene (20 and 56%), anthracene (29 and 49%), fluoranthene (29 and 57%), pyrene (24 and 42%), chrysene (16 and 32%) and benzo[a]anthracene (13 and 20%). in t ...200212094734
evaluation of white-rot fungi for detoxification and decolorization of effluents from the green olive debittering process.wastewater produced by the debittering process of green olives (gow) is rich in polyphenolics and presents high chemical oxygen demand and alkalinity values. eight white-rot fungi ( abortiporus biennis, dichomitus squalens, inonotus hispidus, irpex lacteus, lentinus tigrinus, panellus stipticus, pleurotus ostreatus and trametes hirsuta) were grown in gow for 1 month and the reduction in total phenolics, the decolorization activity and the related enzyme activities were compared. phenolics were e ...200212111170
differentially regulated, vegetative-mycelium-specific hydrophobins of the edible basidiomycete pleurotus ostreatus.three different hydrophobins (vmh1, vmh2, and vmh3) were isolated from monokaryotic and dikaryotic vegetative cultures of the edible fungus pleurotus ostreatus. their corresponding genes have a number of introns different from those of other p. ostreatus hydrophobins previously described. two genes (vmh1 and vmh2) were expressed only at the vegetative stage, whereas vmh3 expression was also found in the fruit bodies. furthermore, the expression of the three hydrophobins varied significantly with ...200212147487
basic composition and amino acid contents of mushrooms cultivated in finland.the basic composition (moisture, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude fat, ash, nitrogen, and protein) and amino acid contents were determined in the cultivated mushrooms agaricus bisporus/white, agaricus bisporus/brown, lentinula edodes, and pleurotus ostreatus. in addition, nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors were calculated for each species by dividing the sums of amino acid residues with total (kjeldahl) nitrogen contents. the dry matter contents of mushrooms varied from 7.7% to 8.4% ...200212381127
electroreduction of o(2) to water at 0.6 v (she) at ph 7 on the "wired" pleurotus ostreatus laccase cathode.o(2) was electroreduced to water at 0.6 v (she) near neutral ph on the "wired" pleurotus ostreatus laccase cathode. we previously reported high-current density (5 ma cm(-2)), four-electron electroreduction of o(2) to water on a "wired" coriolus hirsutus laccase electrode at +0.7 v (she) in ph 5 in citrate buffer. since the enzyme was inhibited by chloride and because its activity declined steeply when the ph was raised to neutral, the rate of o(2) electroreduction in a physiological buffer solut ...200212392957
production of ligninolytic enzymes for dye decolorization by cocultivation of white-rot fungi pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium under solid-state fermentation.lignocellulosic wastes such as neem hull, wheat bran, and sugarcane bagasse, available in abundance, are excellent substrates for the production of ligninolytic enzymes under solid-state fermentation by white-rot fungi. a ligninolytic enzyme system with high activity showing enhanced decomposition was obtained by cocultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and phanerochaete chrysosporium on combinations of lignocellulosic waste. among the various substrate combinations examined, neem hull and wheat bra ...200212396115
identification of non-pseudomonad bacteria from fruit bodies of wild agaricales fungi that detoxify tolaasin produced by pseudomonas tolaasii.bacterial isolates from wild agaricales fungi detoxified tolaasin, the inducer of brown blotch disease of cultivated mushrooms produced by pseudomonas tolaasii. mycetocola tolaasinivorans and mycetocola lacteus were associated with fruit bodies of wild pleurotus ostreatus and wild lepista nuda, respectively. tolaasin-detoxifying bacteria belonging to other genera were found in various wild mushrooms. an acinetobacter sp. was isolated from fruit bodies of tricholoma matsutake, bacillus pumilus wa ...200212450133
oyster mushroom cultivation with rice and wheat straw.cultivation of the oyster mushroom, pleurotus sajor-caju, on rice and wheat straw without nutrient supplementation was investigated. the effects of straw size reduction method and particle size, spawn inoculation level, and type of substrate (rice straw versus wheat straw) on mushroom yield, biological efficiency, bioconversion efficiency, and substrate degradation were determined. two size reduction methods, grinding and chopping, were compared. the ground straw yielded higher mushroom growth r ...200211991077
production of xyloglucanolytic enzymes by trichoderma viride, paecilomyces farinosus, wardomyces inflatus, and pleurotus ostreatus.different conditions of culture medium, incubation time, concentration and surfactant were tested to determine xyloglucanase activity. trichoderma viride, paecilomyces farinosus, wardomyces inflatus and pleurotus ostreatus showed increased xyloglucanase activities when the fungi grown on microcrystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source. endoxyloglucanase activity increased with the growth of the fungi and reached a peak on day 14 of incubation, practically 95% of the activity was associated ...200221156511
the use of the valuable oyster mushroom, pleurotus sajor-caju, for conversion of waste materials produced from seaweed and brewing industries: preliminary investigations. 200312691496
phenolic removal in a model olive oil mill wastewater using pleurotus ostreatus in bioreactor cultures and biological evaluation of the process.pleurotus ostreatus grown in bioreactor batch cultures in a model phenolic wastewater (diluted and sterilized olive oil mill wastewater-omw), caused significant phenolic removal. laccase, the sole ligninolytic enzyme detected in the growth environment, was produced during primary metabolic growth. the bioprocess was simulated with the aid of a mathematical model and the parameters of growth were determined. when the fungal biomass was increased in the reactor (during repeated batch experiments) ...200312909108
synergic effect studies of the bi-enzymatic system laccase-peroxidase in a voltammetric biosensor for catecholamines.several bi-enzymatic carbon paste biosensors modified with enzymes laccase from pleurotus ostreatus fungi and peroxidase from zucchini (cucurbita pepo) were constructed for evaluating the synergic effect of the two enzymes on the voltammetric biosensor response for various catecholamines. initially was investigated the effect of ph from 5.0 to 7.5, temperature from 25 to 50 degrees c, initial stirring time from 30 to 150 s, scan rate from 10 to 60 mvs(-1) and potential pulse amplitude from 10 to ...200318968977
comparative study on the growth and yield of pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products.eight lignocellulosic by-products were evaluated as substrates for cultivation of the oyster mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus ( jacq. ex. fr) kummer. the yields of mushroom on the different substrates were 183.1, 151.8, 111.5, 87.8, 49.5, 23.3, 13.0 and 0.0 g for composted sawdust of triplochiton scleroxylon, rice straw, banana leaves, maize stover, corn husk, rice husk, fresh sawdust, and elephant grass, respectively. the biological efficiency (be) followed the same pattern and ranged from 61.0% f ...200312715251
biodegradation of wood in dual cultures of selected two fungi determined by chopstick method.wood was more effectively degraded in dual cultures of pycnoporus coccineus with either flammulina velutipes, pleurotus ostreatus or polyporus arcularius than in their single cultures based on the weight losses of chopsticks. the similar effects were attained in dual cultures of the selected basidiomycetes and various soil fungi.200316233468
growth promotion of the edible fungus pleurotus ostreatus by fluorescent pseudomonads.bacteria were isolated from the mycelial surface of pleurotus ostreatus and their role in fruiting body induction (fructification) of the edible mushroom p. ostreatus was investigated. analysis of the bacterial community that colonized the mycelium showed that the species composition and numbers of culturable bacteria differed according to the developmental stage of p. ostreatus. in particular, the population size of fluorescent pseudomonads increased during fruiting body induction. an experimen ...200312586403
isolation of pisumin, a novel antifungal protein from legumes of the sugar snap pea pisum sativum var macrocarpon.an antifungal protein with a novel n-terminal sequence gvgaaygcfg and a molecular mass of 31 kda was isolated from the legumes of the sugar snap pea pisum sativum var. macrocarpon. the protein, designated pisumin, exhibited antifungal activity against coprinus comatus and pleurotus ostreatus and much weaker activity against fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. pisumin inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an ic(50) of 6 microm. pisumin was similar to o ...200312600683
solid-phase handling of hydrophobins: immobilized hydrophobins as a new tool to study lipases.hydrophobins are fungal proteins that self-assemble spontaneously at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces and change the polar nature of the surfaces to which they attach. this attribute can be used to introduce hydrophobic foci on the surface of hydrophilic supports where hydrophobins are attached by covalent binding. in this paper, we report the binding of pleurotus ostreatus hydrophobins to a hydrophilic matrix (agarose) to construct a support for noncovalent immobilization and activation of li ...200312625713
purification and characterization of a new ribonuclease from fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus.a ribonuclease (rnase), possessing an n-terminal sequence disparate from those of ribonucleases from other mushrooms and previously isolated pleuotus ostreatus rnases, was purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. the n-terminal sequence of pleurotus ostreatus rnase did not manifest homology even to a previously reported rnase from the same mushroom. the ribonuclease was adsorbed on cm-sepharose and mono s. it exhibited a molecular mass of 12 kda in both sodiu ...200312630697
interaction of ostreolysin, a cytolytic protein from the edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus, with lipid membranes and modulation by lysophospholipids.ostreolysin is a 16-kda cytolytic protein specifically expressed in primordia and fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom pleurotus ostreatus. to understand its interaction with lipid membranes, we compared its effects on mammalian cells, on vesicles prepared with either pure lipids or total lipid extracts, and on dispersions of lysophospholipids or fatty acids. at nanomolar concentrations, the protein lysed human, bovine and sheep erythrocytes by a colloid-osmotic mechanism, compatible with the ...200312631278
cultivation of oyster mushroom on waste paper with some added supplementary materials.spawn running, pin head and fruit body formation, and mushroom yield of oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) on waste paper supplemented with peat, chicken manure and husk rice (90+10; 80+20 w:w) were studied. the fastest spawn running (mycelia development) (15.8 days), pin head formation (21.4 days) and fruit body formation (25.6 days), and the highest yield (350.2 gr) were realized with the substrate composed of 20% rice husk in weight. in general, increasing the ratio of rice husk within the ...200312676506
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