Publications

soil physical changes and plant availability of zn and pb in a treatability test of phytostabilization.	a treatability test of phytostabilization was carried out on two soils sampled downstream a mining italian area with lolium italicum and festuca arundinacea. beside chemical content of pb and zn in aerial parts and in roots, also some physical parameters were determined at the end of the growth cycle of plants. particle size distribution was analysed with a laser granulometer while cracking patterns and porosity were determined by means of image analysis. compost, used at two rates (10%, and 30% ...	2004	15504462
effectiveness of phytoremediation as a secondary treatment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in composted soil.	a greenhouse study was conducted over a 12-month period to investigate the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soil using phytoremediation as a secondary treatment. the soil was pretreated by composting for 12 weeks, then planted with tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), and yellow sweet clover (melilotus officinalis). two sets of unvegetated controls also were evaluated, one fertilized and one unfertilized. total pah concentrations decreased in ...	2004	15328979
expression of a novel chitinase by the fungal endophyte in poa ampla.	many wild and cultivated cool-season grass species are naturally infected with fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichloë. these associations generally are considered mutualistic with the plants benefiting from reduced herbivory and the fungi benefiting from nutrients supplied by the plants. the fungi secrete proteins that might have a role in the interspecies symbiosis. in the interaction between poa ampla merr. and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal chitinase was detected ...	2004	21148875
turfgrass, crop, and weed hosts of blissus occiduus (hemiptera: lygaeidae).	blissus occiduus barber is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nuttall) engelmann, turf. no-choice studies documented the susceptibility of selected turfgrasses, crops, and weeds to b. occiduus feeding. highly to moderately susceptible grasses included buffalograss; yellow setaria glauca (l.) and green foxtail setaria viridis (l.); kentucky bluegrass, poa pratensis l.; perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.; brome, bromus spp. leyss.; zoysiagrass, zoysia japonica steudel; berm ...	2004	14998128
growth rate and physiology of steers grazing tall fescue inoculated with novel endophytes.	cattle grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) often develop fescue toxicosis. this condition is thought to be caused by ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum. endophytes from wild tall fescue plants, which do not produce ergot alkaloids, were transferred into the endophyte-free tall fescue germplasm, himag. the novel associations also lacked the ability to produce ergot alkaloids. our objective was to determine whether cattle grazing these novel endophyte ...	2004	15032446
the influence of high-nitrogen forages on the voluntary feed intake of sheep.	the objective of this research was to examine the effect of high concentrations of nonprotein nitrogen (npn) on the voluntary food intake of sheep fed high-quality grasses. wether lambs (n = 6 per treatment) were fed dried switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.; exp. 1) or dried tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.; exp. 2). in both experiments, urea was added to the dried forage at 0 (control), 12, or 24 g of n/kg of dm to increase the npn concentration. acid detergent fiber concentrations were 3 ...	2004	15144097
effects of the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and on the growth of host plants.	the fermentation product of herbs by lactic acid bacteria (fhl) was assayed for antifungal activities against rosellinia necatrix, helicobasidium mompa, fusarium oxysporum, pythium graminicola and pyricularia oryzae. fhl completely inhibited the growth of r. necatrix, h. mompa, p. graminicola and p. oryzae, and reduced the growth of f. oxysporum by 35%. when the seeds of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), asparagus officinalis l. (asparagus), brassica campestris l. (komatsuna), oryza sativa l. (rice) ...	2004	16233688
in situ soil treatments to reduce the phyto- and bioavailability of lead, zinc, and cadmium.	a study was established near a former zn and pb smelter to test the ability of soil amendments to reduce the availability of pb, zn, and cd in situ. soil collected from the field was amended in the lab with p added as 1% p-h3po4, biosolids compost added at 10% (referred to hereafter as "compost"), and a high-fe by-product (referred to hereafter as "fe") + p-triple superphosphate (tsp) (2.5% fe + 1% p-tsp) and incubated under laboratory conditions at a constant soil ph. changes in pb bioavailabil ...	2004	15074803
reducing phosphorus runoff from swine manure with dietary phytase and aluminum chloride.	phosphorus (p) runoff from fields fertilized with swine (sus scrofa) manure has been implicated in eutrophication. dietary modification and manure amendments have been identified as best management practices to reduce p runoff from manure. this study was conducted to compare the effects of dietary modification and aluminum chloride (alcl3) manure amendments on reducing p in swine manure and runoff. twenty-four pens of nursery swine were fed either a normal diet or a phytase-amended diet. each pe ...	2004	15224943
surface runoff losses of phosphorus from virginia soils amended with turkey manure using phytase and high available phosphorus corn diets.	many states have passed legislation that regulates agricultural p applications based on soil p levels and crop p uptake in an attempt to protect surface waters from nonpoint p inputs. phytase enzyme and high available phosphorus (hap) corn supplements to poultry feed are considered potential remedies to this problem because they can reduce total p concentrations in manure. however, less is known about their water solubility of p and potential nonpoint-source p losses when land-applied. this stud ...	2004	15254126
lactation performance of holstein cows fed fescue, orchardgrass, or alfalfa silage.	perennial grasses are increasingly being used as an integral part of nutrient management plans, but fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is often overlooked because of perceived intake problems. a 30-d study was conducted to evaluate the lactation performance of cows fed a fescue silage-based total mixed ration (tmr) compared with orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) silage-based tmr, when forages are harvested at recommended neutral detergent fiber (ndf) levels. ...	2004	15328241
novel endophyte-infected tall fescue for growing beef cattle.	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea, shreb.) is the predominant cool-season, perennial grass in the eastern half of the united states, and the majority is infected with the endemic endophyte (e+) neotyphodium coenophialum, resulting in millions of dollars in revenues lost to the beef industry. endophyte-free (e-) tall fescue was initially tapped as a "silver bullet" for the solution to fescue toxicosis, but drought intolerance and overgrazing have often resulted in nearly complete stand losses in 3 ...	2004	15471817
transgenic tall fescue containing the agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene shows enhanced cold tolerance.	embryogenic calli of festuca arundinacea were transformed with the agrobacterium tumefaciens isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene driven by a maize ubiquitin promoter. tillering ability, levels of chlorophyll a and b, and cold tolerance were greatly increased in the transgenic turfgrass, which resulted in the plants remaining more vigorous and staying green longer under lower temperatures.	2005	15480687
the effect of a condensed tannin-containing forage on methane emission by goats.	the objective of this study was to compare methane emission by goats consuming the condensed tannin-containing forage sericea lespedeza (les-pedeza cuneata) or a mixture of crabgrass (digitaria ischaemum) and kentucky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). two groups of 12 angora does (initial average bw = 41.5 +/- 2.7 kg) that previously grazed a pasture of sericea lespedeza or crabgrass/tall fescue for approximately 4 mo were used. after 1 wk of adaptation to metabolism cages, gas exchange was ...	2005	15583058
intake, digestion, and n metabolism in steers fed endophyte-free, ergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected, or nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected fescue hay.	a digestion and n balance trial was conducted to compare effects of traditional endophyte-infected (e+), endophyte-free (e-), and nontoxic endophyte infected (ne; maxq; pennington seed, inc., madison, ga) jesup tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) hay on digestion and n retention in steers. hay composition (dm basis) was as follows: e+ (10.8% cp, 59.9% ndf, and 29.4% adf), e- (11.8% cp, 58.5% ndf, and 28.4% adf), and ne (11.6% cp, 58.6% ndf, and 28.3% adf). eight polled hereford steers (ini ...	2005	15827262
highly efficient transformation and plant regeneration of tall fescue mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens.	an efficient and reproducible system has been developed for the production of transgenic plants in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) using a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation. two-months-old suspension cultures served as excellent explants for transformation. the explants were inoculated with an a. tumefaciens strain eha105 carrying a plasmid pdba121 containing genes for hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) and phosphinotricin acetyltransferase (bar). the commercial herbicide basta was ...	2005	15840933
connecting plant-microbial interactions above and belowground: a fungal endophyte affects decomposition.	mutualisms can strongly affect the structure of communities, but their influence on ecosystem processes is not well resolved. here we show that a plant-microbial mutualism affects the rate of leaf litter decomposition using the widespread interaction between tall fescue grass (lolium arundinaceum) and the fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum. in grasses, fungal endophytes live symbiotically in the aboveground tissues, where the fungi gain protection and nutrients from their host and often ...	2005	16001218
[research on festuca arundinacea transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens].	the embryo-derived calli from four types of tall fescues (festuca arundinacea schreb) were transformed with two agrobactrium tumefaciens strains agl1 and gv3101. agl1 harbors an intron-atnhx1 expression vector prok2u containing ubiqutin promoter and npt ii marker gene. gv3101 harbors an intron-atnhx1 expression vector prok2 containing 35s promoter and npt ii gene. after infection and co-culture with agl1 or gv3101, the embyogenic calli were selected with 50-150 mg/l paromomycine and 1126 resista ...	2005	16018184
behavior, preference for, and use of alfalfa, tall fescue, white clover, and buffalograss by pregnant gilts in an outdoor production system.	sustainable outdoor pig production requires vegetation that can maintain ground cover, assimilate manure nutrients, and prevent soil erosion. two experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of four forages: alfalfa (medicago sativa), tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), white clover (trifolium repens), and buffalograss (buchloe dactyloides) for grazing or ground cover in pastures for pigs. each forage plot covered 7.5 m2, with nine replicates in a randomized block design. in exp. 1, eig ...	2005	16100078
effect of rotation frequency and weaning date on forage measurements and growth performance by cows and calves grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures overseeded with crabgrass and legumes.	a grazing study was initiated in april 2000 and continued through three calving and weaning cycles (ending july 2003) to investigate the effects of rotational grazing management (twice monthly [2m] vs. twice weekly [2w]) and weaning date (mid-april [early] vs. early june [late]) on production of fall-calving cow-calf pairs (495 +/- 9.6 kg initial bw) grazing neotyphodium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) overseeded with legumes and crabgrass. secondary objectives of ...	2005	16230668
herbivores cause a rapid increase in hereditary symbiosis and alter plant community composition.	microbial symbioses are ubiquitous in nature. hereditary symbionts warrant particular attention because of their direct effects on the evolutionary potential of their hosts. in plants, hereditary fungal endophytes can increase the competitive ability, drought tolerance, and herbivore resistance of their host, although it is unclear whether or how these ecological benefits may alter the dynamics of the endophyte symbiosis over time. here, we demonstrate that herbivores alter the dynamics of a her ...	2005	16116093
the effect of grazing forage containing condensed tannins on gastro-intestinal parasite infection and milk composition in angora does.	the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the condensed tannin (ct)-containing forage sericea lespedeza (sericea lespedeza (sl); lespedeza cuneata; 15.2% ct), on fecal egg count (fec), larval development (larvae/10 g of feces), worm burden and immune response compared with a crabgrass (digitaria ischaemum)/kentucky 31 tall fescue (festuca arundinacea; control forage (ctf)) forage low in ct (0.32% ct) in grazing angora does and their kids. fifty worm-free mixed-age does were randomly ...	2005	15893077
phosphorus, sediment, and escherichia coli loads in unfenced streams of the georgia piedmont, usa.	contamination of unfenced streams with p, sediments, and pathogenic bacteria from cattle (bos taurus) activity may be affected by the availability of shade and alternative water sources. the objectives of this study were to evaluate water quality in two streams draining tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon l.) pastures with different shade distribution, and to quantify the effects of alternative water sources on stream water quality. for 3 yr, loads of ...	2005	16275730
mutualistic fungus promotes plant invasion into diverse communities.	reducing the biological diversity of a community may decrease its resistance to invasion by exotic species. manipulative experiments typically support this hypothesis but have focused mainly on one trophic level (i.e., primary producers). to date, we know little about how positive interactions among species may influence the relationship between diversity and invasibility, which suggests a need for research that addresses the question: under what conditions does diversity affect resistance to in ...	2005	15942761
agrobacterium-mediated high efficiency transformation of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea).	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) is the predominant cool-season pasture grass in the usa. embryogenic calluses were induced from seeds/caryopsis of elite tall fescue cultivars jesup and kentucky-31, and were broken up into small pieces and used for agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. agrobacterium strains lba4404 and eha105 harboring pcambia vectors or the super-binary vector ptok233 were used to infect the embryogenic callus pieces. the number of hygromycin resistant calluses ob ...	2005	15700425
phytoremediation management of selenium-laden drainage sediments in the san luis drain: a greenhouse feasibility study.	an estimated 100,000m(3) selenium (se)-laden drainage sediment resides in the san luis drain (sld) of central california. this greenhouse study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of growing salt- and boron-tolerant plant species in sediment for reduction of se content by plant extraction. drainage sediment was collected from the sld and mixed with control soil (i.e., uncontaminated soil) to the following ratios (sediment:control soil) by volume: 0:3 (i.e., control soil only), 1:2 (i.e., ...	2005	16216624
[allelopathic effects of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plants].	with growth chamber method, this paper studied the allelopathic potential of invasive weed solidago canadensis on native plant species. different concentration s. canadensis root and rhizome extracts were examined, and the test plants were trifolium repens, trifolium pretense, medicago lupulina, lolium perenne, suaeda glauca, plantago virginica, kummerowia stipulacea, festuca arundinacea, ageratum conyzoides, portulaca oleracea, and amaranthus spinosus. the results showed that the allelopathic i ...	2005	16515192
introgression-mapping of genes for drought resistance transferred from festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens into lolium multiflorum.	procedures for the transfer of genes for drought resistance from festuca glaucescens (2n=4x=28) into lolium multiflorum (2n=2x=14) are described. following the initial hybridisation of a synthetic autotetraploid of l. multiflorum (2n=4x=28) with f. glaucescens, the f1 hybrid was backcrossed twice onto diploid l. multiflorum (2n=2x=14) to produce a diploid lolium genotype with a single f. glaucescens introgression located distally on the nucleolar organiser region arm of chromosome 3. the transmi ...	2005	15609051
a trade-off between nitrogen uptake and use increases responsiveness to elevated co2 in infrequently cut mixed c3 grasses.	the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the responsiveness of mixed c3 grass species to elevated co2 is related more to nitrogen uptake or to n-use efficiency. nitrogen uptake and whole-plant n-use efficiency were investigated with two binary mixtures: lolium perenne was mixed either with festuca arundinacea or with holcus lanatus. the swards were grown on sand with or without co2 doubling, and subjected to two cutting frequencies. a c20 alcohol was used as a marker to determine species pr ...	2005	15760365
lead accumulation by tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grown on a lead-contaminated soil.	phytoextraction is gaining acceptance as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly phytoremediation strategy for reducing toxic metal levels from contaminated soils. cognizant of the potential of this phytoremediation technique as an alternative to expensive engineering-based remediation technologies, experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of some plants as phytoextraction species. from one of our preliminary studies, we found that tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. cv. ...	2005	16705822
heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating.	seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating were investigated. with edta application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. the enrichment coefficients of lolium perenne l(l) and festuca arundinacea l(f) to cr reached 9.45 and 6.15 respectively. in the range of edta dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing edta level. there were significant differences in remediation of ...	2005	16313009
isolation and identification of a cold-inducible gene encoding a putative dre-binding transcription factor from festuca arundinacea.	a new dre-binding protein gene fadreb1 encoded for an ap2/erfbp-type transcription factor was isolated by race-pcr from festuca arundinacea schreb seedlings. its cdna was sequenced with 988 bp, from which a protein with 216 amino acid residues was deduced with a predicted molecular mass of 23.479 kda and a pi of 4.70. a search of the protein blast data revealed that this protein can be classified as a typical member of the ap2/erebp family of dna-binding proteins. the tissue organ-specific expre ...	2005	15854831
benoxacor induction of terbuthylazine detoxification in zea mays and festuca arundinacea.	the action of safener benoxacor on the detoxification of terbuthylazine (tba) in zea mays and festuca arundinacea was ascertained by the investigation of the effects of benoxacor on the activity of glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) in the shoots of the two plant species. tba treatment generally reduced gst activity toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) in corn and did not affect the enzyme activity in festuca. when applied alone, benoxacor stimulated gst activity in both plants; however, whe ...	2005	15796583
an ssr- and aflp-based genetic linkage map of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.).	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is commonly grown as forage and turf grass in the temperate regions of the world. here, we report the first genetic map of tall fescue constructed with pcr-based markers. a combination of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) and expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeats (est-ssrs) of both tall fescue and those conserved in grass species was used for map construction. genomic ssrs developed from festuca x lolium hybrids were also mapped. t ...	2005	15558229
tall fescue genomic ssr markers: development and transferability across multiple grass species.	simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies. currently, a very limited number of ssr markers are available for tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and other forage grass species. a tall fescue genomic library enriched in (ga/ct)( n ) repeats was used to develop primer pairs (pps) flanking ssrs and assess pp functionality across different forage, cereal, and turf grass species. a total of 511 pps were developed and assessed fo ...	2006	16947059
characterization of turf practices in five north carolina communities.	limited information exists on specific urban lawn care practices in the united states. we conducted a door-to-door lawn care survey in five north carolina communities to determine suburban fertilizer, pesticide, and water use. these communities, cary, goldsboro, kinston, new bern, and greenville, are mostly located within the neuse river basin, a nutrient-sensitive water resource. residents in cary used lawn care companies more than twice as frequently as residents in the other communities (43 c ...	2006	15074808
characterization of a brome mosaic virus strain and its use as a vector for gene silencing in monocotyledonous hosts.	virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is used to analyze gene function in dicotyledonous plants but less so in monocotyledonous plants (particularly rice and corn), partially due to the limited number of virus expression vectors available. here, we report the cloning and modification for vigs of a virus from festuca arundinacea schreb. (tall fescue) that caused systemic mosaic symptoms on barley, rice, and a specific cultivar of maize (va35) under greenhouse conditions. through sequencing, the vir ...	2006	17073305
escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in water and soil from tall fescue paddocks.	six 1-ha paddocks of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) grazed by gelbvieh x angus heifers from 1 march to 21 june 2005 were used to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella in water tanks, and standing water and surface soil surrounding water tanks in tall fescue paddocks grazed by cattle. paddocks included two each of kentucky-31 endophyte-infected tall fescue (e+), jesup tall fescue with the ar542 endophyte strain (maxq), and himag tall fescue with strain 4 endophyte ...	2006	16761947
plant-fungus mutualism affects spider composition in successional fields.	mutualistic symbionts are widespread in plants and may have strong, bottom-up influences on community structure. here we show that a grass-endophyte mutualism shifts the composition of a generalist predator assemblage. in replicated, successional fields we manipulated endophyte infection by neotyphodium coenophialum in a dominant, non-native plant (lolium arundinaceum). we compared the magnitude of the endophyte effect with manipulations of thatch biomass, a habitat feature of known importance t ...	2006	16958901
tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.).	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is the predominant cool-season perennial grass in the united states. it is widely used for both forage and turf purposes. this chapter describes a protocol that allows for the generation of large number of transgenic tall fescue plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. embryogenic calli induced from caryopsis are used as explants for inoculation with a. tumefaciens. the agrobacterium strain used is eha105. hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph) ...	2006	17033053
breeding for disease resistance in the major cool-season turfgrasses.	over the past several decades, breeding cool-season turfgrasses for improved disease resistance has been the focus of many turfgrass breeding programs. this review article discusses the dramatic improvements made in breeding kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) for resistance to leaf spot (caused by drechslera poae), stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis), and stripe smut (caused by ustilago striiformis); perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) for resistance to gray leaf spot (caused by pyricularia ...	2006	17061916
host preference of the chinch bug, blissus occiduus.	the chinch bug, blissus occiduus barber (hemiptera: blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nutall) engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts. choice studies documented the number of b. occiduus present on selected turfgrasses, crops and weeds, and provided important insights into the host preferences of this chinch bug. grasses with the most chinch bugs present included the warm-season turfgrasses b. dactyloides , zoysiagrass, zoysia japo ...	2006	19537992
ground cover impacts on sediment and phosphorus export from manured riparian pasture.	maintaining pasture ground cover is important in preventing environmental degradation of grasslands and associated riparian areas. the objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on sediment and p export from pastured riparian areas under simulated rainfall events. plots were established on two sites in the north carolina piedmont: a 10% slope with appling sandy loam soils (fine, kaolinitic, thermic typic kanhapludults) and a 20% slope with wedowee sandy loam soils (fine, ...	2006	17071887
genomic analysis of the impact of fescue toxicosis on hepatic function.	fescue toxicosis is caused by consumption of toxins produced by an endophytic fungus, neotyphodium coenophialum, in tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh]. microarray analysis was used to identify shifts in genetic expression associated with the affected physiological processes to identify potential targets for future pharmacological/toxicological intervention. male rats (n = 24) were implanted with temperature transmitters, which measure core temperature every 5 min. after an 8-d r ...	2006	16612033
importance of host plant species, neotyphodium endophyte isolate, and alkaloids on feeding by spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae.	three grass host species--tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreber; meadow fescue, festuca pratensis hudson; and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l.--each infected with a number of different neotyphodium endophyte isolates, were investigated for their effects on fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith). alkaloid profiles varied among associations. choice and no-choice tests comparing feeding and early development of s. frugiperda larvae on endophyte-infected and endophyte-free leaf b ...	2006	16937705
influence of stocking rate and steroidal implants on growth rate of steers grazing toxic tall fescue and subsequent physiological responses.	an 84-d grazing experiment was conducted in 2 growing seasons to evaluate interactions of stocking rate and steroidal implants with bw gain and symptoms of toxicosis in yearling steers grazing endemic endophyte-infected (e+) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). a 4 x 2 factoral design was used to evaluate 4 stocking rates (3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 steers/ ha) with or without steroidal implants (200 mg of progesterone + 20 mg of estradiol benzoate). treatment combinations were randomly assign ...	2006	16699120
potential for phytoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-(pcb-)contaminated soil.	weathered soils contaminated with commercial-grade aroclor 1260 from three sites in canada were used to investigate the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) phytoextraction potential of nine plant species (festuca arundinacea, glycine max, medicago sativa, phalaris arundinacea, lolium multiflorum, carex normalis, and three varieties of cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo) under controlled greenhouse conditions. the soils used varied in pcb concentration (90-4200 microg/g) and total organic content (0.06-2.02%). ...	2006	17120525
peramine and other fungal alkaloids are exuded in the guttation fluid of endophyte-infected grasses.	many grasses live in association with asymptomatic fungi (neotyphodium spp. endophytes), which grow in the intercellular spaces of the grass. these endophytes produce a range of alkaloids that protect the grass against grazing by mammals and insects. one of these alkaloids is an unusual pyrrolopyrazine, peramine. peramine appears to be continuously produced by the endophyte, but does not progressively accumulate. no mechanism for the removal of peramine by its further metabolism or any other pro ...	2007	17126863
symbiont-mediated changes in lolium arundinaceum inducible defenses: evidence from changes in gene expression and leaf composition.	plants have multiple strategies to deal with herbivory, ranging from chemical or physical defenses to tolerating damage and allocating resources for regrowth. grasses usually tolerate herbivory, but for some cool-season grasses, their strategy may depend upon their interactions with intracellular symbionts. neotyphodium endophytes are common symbionts in pooid grasses, and, for some host species, they provide chemical defenses against both vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores. here, it was tes ...	2007	17822401
arabidopsis dreb1a/cbf3 bestowed transgenic tall fescue increased tolerance to drought stress.	in order to improve drought tolerance of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), an important perennial cool-season grass, we introduced arabidopsis dreb1a/cbf3 driven by the inducible rd29a promoter into tall fescue mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens strains agl1. pcr and southern blot analysis confirmed that dreb1a/cbf3 gene had been integrated into the genome of tall fescue. atdreb1a gene was stably inherited and expressed in t(1) plants, as indicated by pcr, rt-pcr and western blotting ...	2007	17483953
ground cover impacts on nitrogen export from manured riparian pasture.	maintaining ground cover of forages may reduce the export of nitrogen (n) from pastures. the objective of this work was to determine the effect of ground cover on n export from pastured riparian areas receiving simulated rainfall. plots were established on two adjacent sites in the north carolina piedmont: one of 10% slope with appling sandy loam soils and a second of 20% slope with wedowee sandy loam soils. both sites had existing mixed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-dallisgrass (pas ...	2007	17215223
expression analysis of rice defense-related genes in turfgrass in response to magnaporthe grisea.	abstract magnaporthe grisea (anamorph = pyricularia grisea) causes blast on rice (oryza sativa) and gray leaf spot on turfgrass. gray leaf spot is a serious disease on st. augustinegrass (stenotaphrum secundatum), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). virulence assays performed in this study revealed that m. grisea collected from rice could also cause disease on st. augustinegrass and tall fescue. one rice isolate, che86061, caused similar disease reactions ...	2007	18944372
impact of microbial/plant interactions on the transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rhizosphere of festuca arundinacea.	the promotion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) degradation was demonstrated in the rhizosphere of festuca arundinacea with pseudomonas fluorescens. p. fluorescens 5rl more significantly interacted with salicylate and dextrose in the agar containing tall fescue than agar without plant roots. although the presence of tall fescue did not promote catabolic enzyme induction in the absence of salicylate, an increase in dioxygenase activity relative to no plant controls implies that this plant ...	2007	18246719
influence of dietary endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed on fecal shedding of antibiotic resistance-selected escherichia coli o157:h7 in ewes.	the objectives were to determine the effects of short-term feeding of a toxic endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue seed (festuca arundinacea, cultivar 'kentucky 31') on fecal shedding and intestinal concentrations of escherichia coli o157:h7 and the concentrations of prolactin, cortisol, and nefa in experimentally inoculated ewes. twelve ewes (mean bw = 46 +/- 2 kg) were fed a diet containing either high endophyte-infected (hi-e) or low endophyte-infected (lo-e) tall fescue ...	2007	17178802
forest succession suppressed by an introduced plant-fungal symbiosis.	microbial symbionts can affect plant nutrition, defensive chemistry, and biodiversity. here we test the hypothesis that symbionts alter the speed and direction of plant succession in communities that are shifting from grasslands to forests. a widespread c3 grass introduced to the united states, lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue), hosts a fungal endophyte that is toxic to herbivores. in replicated experimental grasslands, the presence of the endophyte in tall fescue reduced tree abundance and size ...	2007	17489448
mefluidide treatment of tall fescue pastures: forage quality.	spring application of a plant growth regulator, mefluidide, to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures grazed from may to september reduced (p less than .05) available dm and digestible om per hectare by 51 and 41%, respectively, compared to untreated pastures. however, seasonal averages for n, ca and p content and in vitro om disappearance (omd) were greater (p less than .05) and ndf was lower (p less than .05) in tall fescue from mefluidide-treated pastures than in untreated pasture ...	2007	2254211
endophyte infection level of tall fescue stockpiled for winter grazing does not alter the gain of calves nursing lactating beef cows.	we examined the effect of endophyte infection level of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) used for stockpiled forage on the performance of lactating, fallscalving beef cows and their calves. treatments were endophyte infection levels of 20% (low; sem = 3.5), 51%, (medium; sem = 1.25), and 89% (high; sem = 2.4; 4 replications/treatment). five cow-calf pairs grazed in each replicate (n = 60 cow-calf pairs/yr) for 84 d (phase 1) starting on december 2, 2004 (yr 1), and december 1, 2005 (yr 2 ...	2007	17504969
effects of fescue type and sampling date on the ruminal disappearance kinetics of autumn-stockpiled tall fescue.	two tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte (hm4) that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids, and the other a typical association of kentucky 31 tall fescue and the wild-type endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum; e+), were autumn-stockpiled following late-summer clipping and fertilization with 56 kg/ha of n to assess the nutritive value and ruminal disappearance kinetics of autumn-stockpi ...	2007	17517728
agronomic effects of multi-year surface-banding of dairy slurry on grass.	sleigh-foot application of slurry manure is the best method for applying slurry manure on many forage fields. this study was designed to assess agronomic effectiveness of multi-year surface banding of dairy slurry on a sward of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). our study showed that with this application technology, crop recovery of total-n from applied manure in the long-term is only about 77% that of mineral fertilizer. despite relative inefficiency of n uptake from manure, yield resp ...	2007	16949815
[ecophysiological responses of festuca arundinacea to high temperature stress].	the measurement of leaf relative water content (rwc), chlorophyll content, cell membrane lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidative system, and photosynthesis of two f. arundinacea cultivars (barlexas and crossfire ii) and cynodon dactylon under high temperature (38 degrees c / 30 degrees c, day/ night) showed that with the increasing time of exposure to high temperature, the leaf rwc, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (p(n)) and photochemical efficiency (f(v)/f(m)) of two f. arundinacea cult ...	2007	18163301
[cu and pb absorption and tolerance of agrostis stolonifera and festuca arundinacea].	this paper studied the seed germination rate, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, sod activity, and cu and pb absorption of agrostis stolonifera and festuca arundinacea under cu and pb pollution. the results showed that cu and pb pollution had a significant effect on the seed germination rate of f. arundinacea. the chlorophyll content of f. arundinacea decreased dramatically under pb and cu-pb pollution, while decreased slightly under cu pollution. no significant effect of cu and pb wa ...	2007	17552204
enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic progeny of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) expressing a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter gene from arabidopsis.	salinity is a major abiotic stress factor limiting crop production. to generate salt-tolerant turf and forage, we had transformed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) with atnhx1, a vacuolar na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene from arabidopsis thaliana. in this paper, we report that overexpression of the atnhx1 gene confers enhanced salt tolerance to the transformed tall fescue progenies. dna gel blot analysis and reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were carried out to confirm the inh ...	2007	17561307
in situ phytoextraction of polychlorinated biphenyl - (pcb)contaminated soil.	a pilot-scale field trial of phytoextraction of pcbs provides insight into the practical application of this technology, using the plant species cucurbita pepo ssp pepo cv. howden (pumpkin), carex normalis (sedge), and festuca arundinacea (tall fescue). this in situ trial took place at a historically contaminated field site, in soil contaminated with a mean concentration of 46 microg/g (range of 0.6 - 200 microg/g) total pcbs (aroclor 1254/1260). shoot bioaccumulation factors (where baf(shoot)=[ ...	2007	17258285
atmospheric vapor pressure deficit is critical in predicting growth response of "cool-season" grass festuca arundinacea to temperature change.	there is a lack of information on plant response to multifactor environmental variability including the interactive response to temperature and atmospheric humidity. these two factors are almost always confounded because saturated vapor pressure increases exponentially with temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (vpd) could have a large impact on plant growth. in this study using climate controlled mini-greenhouses, we examined the interacting influence of temperature and vpd on long-term growt ...	2007	17955259
glutathione s-transferases in festuca arundinacea: identification, characterization and inducibility by safener benoxacor.	over recent years it has emerged how certain no crop-species can be employed in phytoremediating contaminated soils or preventing herbicide pollution; in this contest festuca arundinacea was investigated. shoots of festuca were submitted to fast protein liquid chromatography in order to identify their glutathione s-transferases (gst; ec 2.5.1.18), by a combination of anionic, affinity and rp-hplc chromatography. the chromatographic procedure revealed satisfactory yield and four gsts were identif ...	2007	17640691
frequency, type, and distribution of est-ssrs from three genotypes of lolium perenne, and their conservation across orthologous sequences of festuca arundinacea, brachypodium distachyon, and oryza sativa.	simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species. they are used for cultivar identification, variety protection, as anchor markers in genetic mapping, and in marker-assisted breeding. currently, a limited number of ssr markers are publicly available for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). we report on the exploitation of a comprehensive est collection in l. perenne for ssr identification. the objectives of this ...	2007	17626623
the effect of formulation and amount of potassium fertilizer on macromineral concentration and cation-anion difference in tall fescue.	this study investigated the feasibility of altering the dietary cation-anion difference (dcad) in grass by altering the grass variety and the amount and formulation of k fertilizer application. in experiment 1, treatments were combinations of 2 varieties (barcel and hi-mag) of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb); 2 rates of k (0 and 250 kg/ha), supplied as kcl; and 2 rates of mg (0 and 60 kg/ha), supplied as mgo. in experiment 2, k fertilizer was applied at 0 or 125 kg/ha as kcl or k2so4. t ...	2007	17235186
introgression mapping of genes for winter hardiness and frost tolerance transferred from festuca arundinacea into lolium multiflorum.	genes for winter hardiness and frost tolerance were introgressed from festuca arundinacea into winter-sensitive lolium multiflorum. two partly fertile, pentaploid (2n = 5x = 35) f(1) hybrids f. arundinacea (2n = 6x = 42) x l. multiflorum (2n = 4x = 28) were generated and backcrossed twice onto l. multiflorum (2x). the backcross 1 (bc(1)) and backcross 2 (bc(2)) plants were preselected for high vigor and good fertility, and subsequently, a total of 83 bc(2) plants were selected for winter hardine ...	2007	17621586
genotyping of somatic hybrids between festuca arundinacea schreb. and triticum aestivum l.	in order to genotype hybrid genomes of distant asymmetric somatic hybrids, we synthesized hybrid calli and plants via peg-mediated protoplast fusion between recipient tall fescue (festuca. arundinacea schreb.) and donor wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seventeen and 25 putative hybrid clones were produced from the fusion combinations i and ii, each with the donor wheat protoplast treated by uv light for 30 s and 1 min, respectively. isozyme and rapd profiles confirmed that ten hybrid clones were ob ...	2007	17594098
a validated method for gas chromatographic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tall fescue herbage.	gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in animals that is also found in plants and has been associated with plant responses to stress. a simple and relatively rapid method of gaba separation and quantification was developed from a commercially available kit for serum amino acids (phenomenex ez:faast) and validated for tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). extraction in ethanol/water (80:20, v/v) at ambient temperature yielded detectable amounts of gaba. clean separation fr ...	2008	18558696
e/z-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rhamnoside, pyrrolizidine conjugates produced by grasses (poaceae).	based on direct infusion mass spectrometry we identified a novel alkaloid as a major component of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). initial mass spectral data suggested it to be a pyrrolizidine conjugate. as this class of alkaloids has not been described before from grasses, we isolated it to elucidate its structure. the isolated alkaloid proved to be a mixture of two stereoisomers. the structures of the two compounds as determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, were e-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rh ...	2008	18466931
analysis of tall fescue ests representing different abiotic stresses, tissue types and developmental stages.	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) is a major cool season forage and turf grass species grown in the temperate regions of the world. in this paper we report the generation of a tall fescue expressed sequence tag (est) database developed from nine cdna libraries representing tissues from different plant organs, developmental stages, and abiotic stress factors. the results of inter-library and library-specific in silico expression analyses of these ests are also reported.	2008	18318913
nitrate losses, nutrients and heavy metal accumulation from substrates assembled for urban soils reconstruction.	urban soils may suffer mild to severe degradation as a result of physical and chemical alterations. to reconstruct these soils, a new upper horizon must be created, usually through the application of organic matter, one source of which is biosolids. different soil mixtures were evaluated with regard to loss of nitrates in percolates and the uptake and incorporation of nutrients and heavy metals into plant tissues. the experiment was conducted in trays; treatments were mixtures of biosolids and a ...	2008	17904270
in vitro evaluation of germination and growth of five plant species on medium supplemented with hydrocarbons associated with contaminated soils.	the effect of a hydrocarbon mixture (hcm) of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and maya crude oil on germination, growth and survival of four grasses (bouteloua curtipendula, cenchrus ciliaris, echinochloa crusgalli and rhynchelytrum repens) was studied and compared to a control (festuca arundinacea) under in vitro conditions. the species were cultured on ms medium with different hcm initial concentrations. germination was not affected for any assayed concentration; however, the lengt ...	2008	18222086
animal performance and economic comparison of novel and toxic endophyte tall fescues to cool-season annuals.	increased costs of annual establishment of small grain pasture associated with fuel, machinery, and labor are eroding the profitability of stocker cattle enterprises. interest has therefore increased in development of cool-season perennial grasses that are persistent and high quality. this study occurred on 24 ha (divided into thirty 0.81-ha paddocks) located at the university of arkansas division of agriculture livestock and forestry branch station, near batesville. two tall fescue (festuca aru ...	2008	18310498
effects of fescue type and sampling date on the nitrogen disappearance kinetics of autumn-stockpiled tall fescue.	two tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh] forages, one an experimental host plant/endophyte association containing a novel endophyte that produces low or nil concentrations of ergot alkaloids (hm4) and the other a typical association of kentucky 31 tall fescue and the wild-type endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum; e+), were autumn-stockpiled following late-summer clipping and fertilization with 56 kg/ha of n to assess n partitioning and ruminal disappearance kinetics of n for thes ...	2008	18349252
forage systems for cow-calf production in the appalachian region.	small cow-calf operations are common in the appalachian region. tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) s. j. darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. the present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. a total of 108 angus and angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. in brief, system 1 had a stocking rate of 0.91 ha/cow in a middleburg 3-paddock (a, b, and c) system. s ...	2008	18407993
evaluating aeration techniques for decreasing phosphorus export from grasslands receiving manure.	because surface-applied manures can contribute to phosphorus (p) in runoff, we examined mechanical aeration of grasslands for reducing p transport by increasing infiltration of rainfall and binding of p with soil minerals. the effects of three aeration treatments and a control (aeration with cores, continuous-furrow "no-till" disk aeration perpendicular to the slope, slit aeration with tines, and no aeration treatment) on the export of total suspended solids, total kjeldahl p (tkp), total dissol ...	2008	18453448
an invasive plant-fungal mutualism reduces arthropod diversity.	ecological theory holds that competition and predation are the most important biotic forces affecting the composition of communities. here, we expand this framework by demonstrating that mutualism can fundamentally alter community and food web structure. in large, replicated field plots, we manipulated the mutualism between a dominant plant (lolium arundinaceum) and symbiotic fungal endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum). the presence of the mutualism reduced arthropod abundance up to 70%, reduce ...	2008	18479455
effects of methyl jasmonate and an endophytic fungus on plant resistance to insect herbivores.	tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) forms a mutualistic relationship with the fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum. the endophyte provides constitutive resistance to herbivores through its production of alkaloid compounds. moreover, herbivore attack induces elevated synthesis of loline alkaloids, that is, the fungus also provides wound-inducible resistance for its host. jasmonic acid and its conjugates are key signaling compounds in many plant species and play a role systemically in the upre ...	2008	18925382
expression of the bacteriophage t4 lysozyme gene in tall fescue confers resistance to gray leaf spot and brown patch diseases.	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is an important turf and forage grass species worldwide. fungal diseases present a major limitation in the maintenance of tall fescue lawns, landscapes, and forage fields. two severe fungal diseases of tall fescue are brown patch, caused by rhizoctonia solani, and gray leaf spot, caused by magnaporthe grisea. these diseases are often major problems of other turfgrass species as well. in efforts to obtain tall fescue plants resistant to these diseases, we ...	2008	17273914
the influence of exogenous nutrients on the abundance of yeasts on the phylloplane of turfgrass.	four experiments were conducted to assess the effect of foliar applications of various nutrient solutions on the phylloplane yeast community of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). in the first three experiments, increasing concentrations of sucrose (2-16%), yeast extract (0.5-2.5%), and sucrose plus yeast extract (2.5-18.5% total) were applied and the yeast colony forming units (cfu) enumerated 14 h later by dilution plating. significant positive linear relationships were observed between ...	2008	17487523
comparative analysis of transgenic tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) plants obtained by agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment.	agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment are the two most widely used methods for genetically modifying grasses. here, these two systems are compared for transformation efficiency, transgene integration and transgene expression when used to transform tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). the bar gene was used as a selectable marker and selection during tissue culture was performed using 2 mg/l bialaphos in both callus induction and regeneration media. average transform ...	2008	18648817
short-term temporal dynamics of yeast abundance on the tall fescue phylloplane.	six replicate trials were conducted to determine the short-term temporal dynamics and the effects of foliar applications of nutrients on the phylloplane yeast community of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). in each trial, 2% sucrose + 0.5% yeast extract solution or sterile deionized water (control) was applied to the experiment plots. twelve hours post-treatment (at 0600 hours), leaf samples were collected and yeast colony-forming units (cfu) were enumerated by dilution plating. this pro ...	2008	18389002
minimizing n2o fluxes from full-scale municipal solid waste landfill with properly selected cover soil.	municipal solid waste landfills emit nitrous oxide (n2o) gas. assuming that the soil cover is the primary n2o source from landfills, this study tested, during a four-year project, the hypothesis that the proper use of chosen soils with fine texture minimizes n2o emissions. a full-scale sanitary landfill, a full-scale bioreactor landfill and a cell planted with nerium indicum or festuca arundinacea schreb, at the hangzhou tianziling landfill in hangzhou city were the test sites. the n2o emission ...	2008	18574960
expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase increases cell wall digestibility of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea).	in the cell walls of forage grasses, ferulic acid is esterified to arabinoxylans and participates with lignin monomers in oxidative coupling pathways to generate ferulate-polysaccharide-lignin complexes that cross-link the cell wall. such cross-links hinder cell wall degradation by ruminant microbes, reducing plant digestibility. in this study, genetically modified festuca arundinacea plants were produced expressing an aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faea) targeted to the vacuole. the r ...	2008	18086237
transformation of copper fractions in rhizosphere soil of two dominant plants in a deserted land of copper tailings.	this paper studied the transformation of copper fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of festuca arundinacea and trifolium repens in deserted land of copper tailings. the results showed that the proportion of organic-bound or exchangeable contents to the total contents of copper in rhizosphere increased by 9.81 and 10.42%, while the contents of carbonate-bound or fe-mn oxides-bound decreased by 2.96 and 1.82%, respectively. the growth and absorption of f. arundinacea and t. repens a ...	2009	19169613
chemotaxis disruption in pratylenchus scribneri by tall fescue root extracts and alkaloids.	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) forms a symbiotic relationship with the clavicipitalean fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum. endophyte-infected grass is tolerant to nematode, but the factors responsible are unknown. one objective of this work was to determine if root extracts of tall fescue effected chemoreceptor activity of pratylenchus scribneri by using an in vitro chemoreception bioassay. another objective was to determine if specific ergot alkaloids (ergovaline, ergotamine, a-ergoc ...	2009	19575265
responses of 2 epiphytic yeasts to foliar infection by rhizoctonia solani or mechanical wounding on the phylloplane of tall fescue.	a growth-chamber experiment was conducted to determine how foliar disease or wounding affects the ability of 2 phylloplane yeasts (rhodotorula glutinis and cryptococcus laurentii) to colonize leaves of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). yeasts were applied separately and together onto healthy leaves, leaves infected with rhizoctonia solani (diseased), and mechanically bruised (wounded) leaves. in all 3 trials, the leaf disturbance treatment significantly affected the abundance of yeast on the ph ...	2009	19935888
water deficit and induction of summer dormancy in perennial mediterranean grasses.	summer dormancy is a trait conferring superior drought survival in mediterranean perennial grasses. as the respective roles of environmental factors and water deficit on induction of summer dormancy are unclear, the effect of intense drought were tested under contrasting day lengths in a range of forage and native grasses.	2009	19369219
hemodynamics are altered in the caudal artery of beef heifers fed different ergot alkaloid concentrations.	doppler ultrasonography was used to compare blood flow characteristics in the caudal artery of heifers fed diets with endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) noninfected (e-, 0 microg of ergovaline/g of dm), a 1:1 mixture of endophyte-infected and e- (e+e-; 0.39 microg of ergovaline/g of dm), or endophyte-infected (e+, 0.79 microg of ergovaline/g of dm) tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum) seed. eighteen crossbred (angus x brangus) heifers [345 +/- 19 kg (sd)] were assigned to individual pens and fed ...	2009	19251925
ectopic overexpression of athdg11 in tall fescue resulted in enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress.	tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is a cool-season perennial grass, which has been conventionally grown in the temperate area. however, as a major type of cool-season turf grass, its growth has been extended to the sub-tropical climate or even to the transitional climate between the sub-tropical and the tropical, and, in some cases, to heavily salinized lands. the extended growth imposes a serious challenge to its tolerance to the abiotic stress, particularly to drought, salt and high te ...	2009	19132376
broiler litter application method and runoff timing effects on nutrient and escherichia coli losses from tall fescue pasture.	the inability to incorporate manure into permanent pasture leads to the concentration of nutrients near the soil surface with the potential to be transported off site by runoff water. in this study, we used rainfall simulations to examine the effect of broiler chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) litter application method and the runoff timing on nutrient and e. coli losses from tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pasture on a hartsells sandy loam soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, ther ...	2009	19398519
fescue-associated oedema of horses grazing on endophyte-inoculated tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea) pastures.	a new form of toxicity called equine fescue oedema is described. the clinical signs included inappetence, depression, and subcutaneous oedema of the head, neck, chest and abdomen. affected horses had very low plasma albumin values. the toxicity affected 48 of 56 horses on six farms in different states of australia, and 4 horses have died. all horses were grazing pastures that had been sown with varieties of mediterranean tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) that carry the endophyte known as max p o ...	2009	19930166
ovipositional preferences of the japanese beetle (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) among warm- and cool-season turfgrass species.	japanese beetles, popillia japonica newman (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), were evaluated for ovipositional preferences among four turfgrasses common in northwestern arkansas. choice assays revealed females preferred to oviposit in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and zoysiagrass (zoysia japonica steud.), and that they avoided oviposition in common bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon [l.] pers.) and hybrid bermudagrass (c. dactylon x c. transvaalensis pers.). significantly fewer eggs were ovipos ...	2009	20069848
minimisation of n2o emissions from a plant-soil system under landfill leachate irrigation.	the irrigation of a plant-soil system with landfill leachate should promote the formation of n2o due to the introduction of organic carbon and mineralized-n and the elevation of the moisture content. laboratory incubation was performed to minimize n2o emissions from a leachate irrigated plant-soil system by manipulating leachate nh(4)(+)-n loading, moisture content, and soil type. a field investigation, consisting of three plots planted with cynodon dactylon, nerium indicum mill, and festuca aru ...	2009	18835706
transient phytoextraction agents: establishing criteria for the use of chelants in phytoextraction of recalcitrant metals.	the phytoremediation of recalcitrant metals such as lead and uranium rely on soil amendments to enhance metal availability within the rhizosphere. because these amendments may persist in soils, agents that not only biodegrade rapidly but also are effective in triggering metal uptake in plants are needed for metals phytoextraction to be considered as an accepted practice. in this study, several biodegradable organic acids and chelating agents were assessed to determine if these amendments can be ...	2009	19260223
festuca arundinacea, glutathione s-transferase and herbicide safeners: a preliminary case study to reduce herbicidal pollution.	the expression of glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity in festuca arundinacea was investigated in response to the following herbicide safeners: benoxacor, cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazol-ethyl, fenclorim, fluxofenim and oxabetrinil. all the above compounds enhanced the gst activity tested towards the "model" substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb). assays of gst activity towards the herbicides terbuthylazine (n(2)-tert-butyl-6-chloro-n(4)-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and butachlor ...	2009	20183093
enhancement of phenanthrene and pyrene degradation in rhizosphere of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea).	a greenhouse experiment was conducted with varying concentrations of phenanthrene (11-344 mg kg(-1)) and pyrene (15-335 mg kg(-1)) spiked in the soil to evaluate the phytoremediation of pahs contaminated soil using tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). after 65-day of tall fescue growth, plant biomass, microbial viable counts, dehydrogenase activity, water-soluble phenolic compounds, phenanthrene and pyrene residual concentrations and removal percentages were determined. the results showed that tar ...	2009	19150175
water and phosphorus content affect pah dissipation in spiked soil planted with mycorrhizal alfalfa and tall fescue.	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) dissipation efficiency can be increased in the plant rhizosphere, but may be affected by various environmental factors. we investigated the effects of the watering regime and phosphorus concentration on pah dissipation in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants in a pot experiment. two plant species, alfalfa (medicago sativa) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), were co-cultured and inoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus (glomus intraradices) ...	2009	19775720