Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| dynamics and differential proliferation of transposable elements during the evolution of the b and a genomes of wheat. | transposable elements (tes) constitute >80% of the wheat genome but their dynamics and contribution to size variation and evolution of wheat genomes (triticum and aegilops species) remain unexplored. in this study, 10 genomic regions have been sequenced from wheat chromosome 3b and used to constitute, along with all publicly available genomic sequences of wheat, 1.98 mb of sequence (from 13 bac clones) of the wheat b genome and 3.63 mb of sequence (from 19 bac clones) of the wheat a genome. anal ... | 2008 | 18780739 |
| the bo1-specific pcr marker aww5l7 is predictive of boron tolerance status in a range of exotic durum and bread wheats. | high soil boron (b) constitutes a major soil problem in many parts of the world, particularly in low-rainfall areas and land under irrigation. low accumulation of b in the shoot or grain of cereal crops is correlated with the maintenance of biomass production and grain yield under high b conditions, suggesting that this trait is an important component of field tolerance. a novel screening protocol to measure b accumulation in aerated and supported hydroponics was validated using a set of known a ... | 2008 | 19088810 |
| genetic and molecular characterization of the vrn2 loci in tetraploid wheat. | winter wheat (triticum spp.) varieties require long exposures to low temperatures to flower, a process called vernalization. the vrn2 locus includes two completely linked zinc finger-cct domain genes (zcct1 and zcct2) that act as flowering repressors down-regulated during vernalization. deletions or mutations in these two genes result in the elimination of the vernalization requirement in diploid wheat (triticum monococcum). however, natural allelic variation in these genes has not been describe ... | 2009 | 19005084 |
| chromosomal location of the cadmium uptake gene (cdu1) in durum wheat. | levels of the heavy metal cadmium (cd) in food products are a food safety concern. grain cd is higher in durum (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) than in common wheat, so reduction of cd in durum grain is a priority of breeding programs. previous research demonstrated that a single dominant gene, cdu1, confers the low grain cd phenotype, but the map location of the gene is not known. a doubled haploid population segregating for cd concentration, developed from the cross of w9262-260d3 (a kyle*2/b ... | 2009 | 19935921 |
| quantitative trait loci conferring grain mineral nutrient concentrations in durum wheat x wild emmer wheat ril population. | mineral nutrient malnutrition, and particularly deficiency in zinc and iron, afflicts over 3 billion people worldwide. wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, genepool harbors a rich allelic repertoire for mineral nutrients in the grain. the genetic and physiological basis of grain protein, micronutrients (zinc, iron, copper and manganese) and macronutrients (calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) concentration was studied in tetraploid wheat population of 152 recomb ... | 2009 | 19407982 |
| quantitative trait locus mapping of increased fusarium head blight susceptibility associated with a wild emmer wheat chromosome. | chromosome 2a of wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) genotype israel a increases fusarium head blight (fhb) severity when present in durum wheat (t. turgidum var. durum) cv. langdon (ldn). the goal of this study was to identify regions of israel a chromosome 2a associated with this difference in resistance. a recombinant inbred chromosome line population (ricl) from a cross between ldn and the ldn-israel a chromosome 2a substitution line [ldn(dic-2a)] was employed for analysis. ... | 2009 | 19271987 |
| genomic dissection of drought resistance in durum wheat x wild emmer wheat recombinant inbreed line population. | drought is the major factor limiting wheat productivity worldwide. the gene pool of wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, harbours a rich allelic repertoire for morpho-physiological traits conferring drought resistance. the genetic and physiological bases of drought responses were studied here in a tetraploid wheat population of 152 recombinant inbreed lines (rils), derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. langdon) and wild emmer (acc# g18-16), under contrasting water availa ... | 2009 | 19220786 |
| molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 on chromosome 3bl derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). | powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in china and other parts of the world. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement. wild emmer accession iw2 collected from mount hermon, israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis using an f(2) segregating population and ... | 2009 | 19471905 |
| identification and genetic mapping of pm42, a new recessive wheat powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide in areas with cool or maritime climates. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is an important potential donor of disease resistances and other traits for common wheat improvement. a powdery mildew resistance gene was transferred from wild emmer accession g-303-1m to susceptible common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, resulting in inbred line p63 (yanda1817/g-303-1 m//3* ... | 2009 | 19407985 |
| effects of a municipal sewage sludge amendment on triasulfuron soil sorption and wheat growth. | the influence of municipal sewage sludge (sl) as a soil amendment on the sorption and activity of the herbicide triasulfuron (trs, [2-(2-chloroethoxy)-n-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzenesulfonamide]) was studied. weed control was checked in a greenhouse on a wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) crop. at the highest sl amount allowed by italian regulation, trs sorption onto soil increased by 7 times and weed control was unaffected. a vegetative bloom and an earl ... | 2009 | 19891476 |
| rhizosphere ph gradient controls copper availability in a strongly acidic soil. | using a root mat approach, we quantified how root-induced alkalization controlled the establishment of copper (cu) gradients in the rhizosphere of durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum l.) cropped in a strongly acidic, cu-contaminated soil. rhizosphere ph increased over 6 mm in soil, reaching up to +2.8 units close to root mat surface. conversely, free cu2+ activity decreased by 3 orders of magnitude and total cu concentration by 3-fold in the rhizosphere solution, while labile cu assessed by dgt ... | 2009 | 19731663 |
| cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a durum alien disomic addition line with enhanced tolerance to fusarium head blight. | current durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.)) cultivars have little or no resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb), a ravaging disease of cereal crops. a diploid wheatgrass, lophopyrum elongatum (host) a. löve (2n = 2x = 14, ee genome), is an excellent source of fhb resistance. through an extensive intergeneric hybridization using durum cultivar langdon, we have developed a disomic alien addition line, named dge-1 (2n = 28 + 2), with a wheatgrass chromosome pair. we used a uniq ... | 2009 | 19448727 |
| t-cell response to different cultivars of farro wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum, in celiac disease patients. | celiac disease is a gluten sensitive disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. the present study deals with variation in the immune response of mucosal t-cells from celiac children to prolamins extracted from nine landraces of farro wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) with contrasting storage protein compositions. | 2009 | 19395130 |
| complete characterization of wheat-alien metaphase i pairing in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and jointed goatgrass (aegilops cylindrica host). | the pattern of homoeologous metaphase i (mi) pairing has been fully characterized in durum wheat x aegilops cylindrica hybrids (2n = 4x = 28, abc(c)d(c)) by an in situ hybridization procedure that has permitted individual discrimination of every wheat and wild constituent genome. one of the three hybrid genotypes examined carried the ph1c mutation. in all cases, mi associations between chromosomes of both species represented around two-third of total. main results from the analysis are as follow ... | 2009 | 19319503 |
| improvements in the production of doubled haploids in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) through isolated microspore culture. | the objective of this study was to produce durum wheat doubled haploid (dh) plants through the induction of microspore embryogenesis. the microspore culture technique was improved to maximize production of green plants per spike using three commercial cultivars. studies on factors such as induction media composition, induction media support and the stage and growth of donor plants were carried out in order to develop an efficient protocol to regenerate green and fertile dh plants. microspores we ... | 2009 | 19288107 |
| water and nitrogen conditions affect the relationships of delta13c and delta18o to gas exchange and growth in durum wheat. | whereas the effects of water and nitrogen (n) on plant delta(13)c have been reported previously, these factors have scarcely been studied for delta(18)o. here the combined effect of different water and n regimes on delta(13)c, delta(18)o, gas exchange, water-use efficiency (wue), and growth of four genotypes of durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum (desf.) husn.] cultured in pots was studied. water and n supply significantly increased plant growth. however, a reduction in water supply did ... | 2009 | 19246596 |
| immunogenicity characterization of two ancient wheat α-gliadin peptides related to coeliac disease. | the immunogenic potential of α-gliadin protein from two ancient wheats was studied with reference to coeliac disease. to this aim we investigated graziella ra® and kamut® (the latter is considered an ancient relative of modern durum wheat) in comparison to four durum wheat accessions (senatore cappelli, flaminio, grazia and svevo). elisa and western blot analyses - carried out by two monoclonal antibodies raised against the α-gliadin peptides p31-49 (lgqqqpfpqqpypqpqpf) and p56-75 (lqlqpfpqpqlpy ... | 2009 | 22253984 |
| allelic variation at psy1-a1 and association with yellow pigment in durum wheat grain. | the yellow pigment (yp) of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) semolina is due in part to the presence of carotenoid pigments found in the endosperm and is an important end-use quality trait. phytoene synthase (psy) is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway and in this study, three alleles of psy1-a1 were sequenced from four durum wheat cultivars and a co-dominant marker was developed for genetic mapping. psy1-a1 mapped to chromosome 7al near xwmc809 in ... | 2009 | 19319504 |
| variations in the dorso-ventral organization of leaf structure and kranz anatomy coordinate the control of photosynthesis and associated signalling at the whole leaf level in monocotyledonous species. | photosynthesis and associated signalling are influenced by the dorso-ventral properties of leaves. the degree of adaxial/abaxial symmetry in stomatal numbers, photosynthetic regulation with respect to light orientation and the total section areas of the bundle sheath (bs) cells and the surrounding mesophyll (m) cells on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the vascular bundles were compared in two c(4)[zea mays (maize) and paspalum dilatatum] and one c(3)[triticum turgidum (durum wheat)] monocotyled ... | 2009 | 19712063 |
| identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for grain protein concentration in adapted canadian durum wheat populations. | grain protein concentration (gpc) is one of the most important factors influencing pasta-making quality. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) cultivars with high gpc produce pasta with increased tolerance to overcooking and greater cooked firmness. however, the large environmental effect on expression of gpc and the negative correlation with grain yield have slowed genetic improvement of this important trait. understanding the genetics and identification of molecular markers associated w ... | 2009 | 19462147 |
| developmental timing of dna elimination following allopolyploidization in wheat. | the elimination of dna sequences following allopolyploidization is a well-known phenomenon. yet, nothing is known about the biological significance, the mechanism, or the precise developmental timing of this event. in this study, we have observed reproducible elimination of an aegilops tauschii allele in the genome of the second generation (s2) of a newly synthesized allohexaploid derived from a cross between triticum turgidum and ae. tauschii. we show that elimination of the ae. tauschii allele ... | 2010 | 20215467 |
| newly synthesized wheat allohexaploids display progenitor-dependent meiotic stability and aneuploidy but structural genomic additivity. | to understand key mechanisms leading to stabilized allopolyploid species, we characterized the meiotic behaviour of wheat allohexaploids in relation to structural and genetic changes. for that purpose, we analysed first generations of synthetic allohexaploids obtained through interspecific hybridization, followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling, between several genotypes of triticum turgidum and aegilops tauschii wheat species, donors of ab and d genomes, respectively. as expected for these p ... | 2010 | 20149116 |
| rhizotest: a plant-based biotest to account for rhizosphere processes when assessing copper bioavailability. | the ability of the free ion activity model (fiam), the terrestrial biotic ligand model (tblm), the diffusive gradients in thin films (dgt) technique and a plant-based biotest, the rhizotest, to predict root copper (cu) concentration in field-grown durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum l.) was assessed on 44 soils varying in ph (3.9-7.8) and total cu (32-184 mg kg(-1)). none of the methods adequately predicted root cu concentration, which was mainly correlated with total soil cu. results from dgt ... | 2010 | 20719419 |
| genetic control over silica deposition in wheat awns. | awns are long, stiff filamentous extensions of glumes in many grasses. in wheat, awns contribute up to 40% of the grain's photosynthetic assimilates, and assist in seed dispersal. awns accumulate silica in epidermal hairs and papillae, and silica has been positively associated with yield and environmental stress tolerance. here, the awns of a set of domesticated wheat genotypes and their direct progenitor, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides were characterized. in addition, the silica concentrati ... | 2010 | 20444192 |
| meiotic behaviour of tetraploid wheats (triticum turgidum l.) and their synthetic hexaploid wheat derivates influenced by meiotic restitution and heat stress. | meiotic restitution is considered to be a common mechanism of polyploidization in plants and hence is one of the most important processes in plant speciation. meiotic behaviour of plant chromosomes is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. in this study, the meiotic behaviour of cereal crops was investigated, which includes tetraploid wheat genotypes (with and without the meiotic restitution trait) and their derivates (synthetic hexaploid wheats and a doubled haploid (dh) line), g ... | 2010 | 21273690 |
| identification and mapping of pmg16, a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. | the gene-pool of wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, harbors a rich allelic repertoire for disease resistance. in the current study, we made use of tetraploid wheat mapping populations derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. langdon) and wild emmer (accession g18-16) to identify and map a new powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer wheat. initially, the two parental lines were screened with a collection of 42 isolates of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bg ... | 2010 | 20407741 |
| nucleotide diversity maps reveal variation in diversity among wheat genomes and chromosomes. | a genome-wide assessment of nucleotide diversity in a polyploid species must minimize the inclusion of homoeologous sequences into diversity estimates and reliably allocate individual haplotypes into their respective genomes. the same requirements complicate the development and deployment of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers in polyploid species. we report here a strategy that satisfies these requirements and deploy it in the sequencing of genes in cultivated hexaploid wheat (triticum ... | 2010 | 21156062 |
| mechanism of degradation of immunogenic gluten epitopes from triticum turgidum l. var. durum by sourdough lactobacilli and fungal proteases. | as shown by r5 antibody-based sandwich and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), selected sourdough lactobacilli, in combination with fungal proteases, hydrolyzed gluten (72 h at 37 degrees c) of various cultivars of triticum turgidum l. var. durum to less than 20 ppm. complementary electrophoretic, chromatography, and mass spectrometry techniques were used to characterize the gluten and epitope hydrolysis. nine peptidases were partially purified from the pooled cytoplasmic extr ... | 2010 | 19948868 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum cv stewart) with improved efficiency. | an efficient agrobacterium-mediated durum wheat transformation system has been developed for the production of 121 independent transgenic lines. this improved system used agrobacterium strain agl1 containing the superbinary pgreen/psoup vector system and durum wheat cv stewart as the recipient plant. acetosyringone at 400 microm was added to both the inoculation and cultivation medium, and picloram at 10 mg l(-1) and 2 mg l(-1) was used in the cultivation and induction medium, respectively. comp ... | 2010 | 20202997 |
| cadmium concentration in durum wheat grain (triticum turgidum) as influenced by nitrogen rate, seeding date and soil type. | cadmium (cd) is a trace element that has been associated with various human health problems. cd enters plants, either by direct absorption through leaves or by uptake from soils, allowing cd into the food chain. nitrogen (n) fertilizer management is important in optimizing crop yield and protein content of durum wheat, but may influence cd availability and hence cd concentration in crops, with the effects being strongly influenced by environmental conditions and crop cultivar. | 2010 | 20355117 |
| mycorrhizal colonization and grain cd concentration of field-grown durum wheat in response to tillage, preceding crop and phosphorus fertilization. | a 3-year field trial was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural management practices including tillage, preceding crop and phosphate fertilization on root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and grain cadmium (cd) concentration of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.). the relationship between grain cd and soil and plant variables was explored to determine the primary factors affecting grain cd concentration. | 2010 | 20355108 |
| genetic and comparative genomics mapping reveals that a powdery mildew resistance gene ml3d232 originating from wild emmer co-segregates with an nbs-lrr analog in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide and breeding for resistance using diversified disease resistance genes is the most promising approach to prevent outbreaks of powdery mildew. a powdery mildew resistance gene, originating from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) accessions collected from israel, has been transferred into the hexaploid wheat line 3d232 through crossing and backcrossing. inoculation res ... | 2010 | 20686747 |
| tmkp1 is a novel wheat stress responsive map kinase phosphatase localized in the nucleus. | the regulation of plant signalling responses by mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks)-mediated protein phosphorylation is well recognized. map kinase phosphatases (mkps) are negative regulators of mapks in eukaryotes. we report here the identification and the characterization of tmkp1, the first wheat mkp (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). expression profile analyses performed in two durum wheat cultivars showing a marked difference in salt and drought stress tolerance, revealed a differen ... | 2010 | 20204675 |
| global phylogenetics of diuraphis noxia (hemiptera: aphididae), an invasive aphid species: evidence for multiple invasions into north america. | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kudjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l., durum wheat, triticum turgidum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l. several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in commercial wheat and barley genotypes, but up to eight virulent biotypes, defined based on their ability to damage different wheat and barley genotypes, now occur across the western united states since the firs ... | 2010 | 20568643 |
| genetic diversity for grain nutrients in wild emmer wheat: potential for wheat improvement. | micronutrient malnutrition, particularly zinc and iron deficiency, afflicts over three billion people worldwide due to low dietary intake. in the current study, wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the progenitor of domesticated wheat, was tested for (1) genetic diversity in grain nutrient concentrations, (2) associations among grain nutrients and their relationships with plant productivity, and (3) the association of grain nutrients with the eco-geographical origin of wild emm ... | 2010 | 20202969 |
| effective isolation of retrotransposons and repetitive dna families from the wheat genome. | new classes of repetitive dna elements were effectively identified by isolating small fragments of the elements from the wheat genome. a wheat a genome library was constructed from triticum monococcum by degenerate cleavage with ecoo109i, the recognition sites of which consisted of 5'-puggnccpy-3' multi-sequences. three novel repetitive sequences ptm6, ptm69 and ptm58 derived from the a genome were screened and tested for high copy number using a blotting approach. ptm6 showed identity with inte ... | 2010 | 20590997 |
| genome-wide gene expression changes in genetically stable synthetic and natural wheat allohexaploids. | *the present study aims to understand regulation of gene expression in synthetic and natural wheat (triticum aestivum) allohexaploids, that combines the ab genome of triticum turgidum and the d genome of aegilops tauschii; and which we have recently characterized as genetically stable. *we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of gene expression that allowed characterization of the effect of variability of the d genome progenitor, the intergenerational stability as well as the compariso ... | 2010 | 20591055 |
| a comparative analysis of chromosome pairing at metaphase i in interspecific hybrids between durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) and the most widespread aegilops species. | homoeologous metaphase i (mi) associations in hybrids between durum wheat and its wild allotetraploid relatives aegilops neglecta, ae. triuncialis and ae. ventricosa have been characterized by a genomic in situ hybridization procedure that allows simultaneous discrimination of a, b and wild species genomes. earlier results in equivalent hybrids with the wild species ae. cylindrica and ae. geniculata have also been considered to comparatively assay the mi pairing pattern of the durum wheat x aegi ... | 2010 | 20551603 |
| two prolamin peptides from durum wheat preclude celiac disease-specific t cell activation by gluten proteins. | celiac disease (cd) is a permanent intolerance to wheat prolamins and related proteins displayed by genetically susceptible individuals. blocking or modulation of cd-specific t cell response by altered prolamin peptides are currently considered as a potential alternative to the only effective therapy of cd based on a life-long gluten-free diet. two prolamin peptides, the 9-mer asrvapgqq and the 10-mer gtvgvapgqq sequences, were identified by mass spectrometry in the peptic/tryptic digest of prol ... | 2010 | 19894071 |
| assessment of genetic diversity among syrian durum (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using ssr markers. | genetic diversity among 49 wheat varieties (37 durum and 12 bread wheat) was assayed using 32 microsatellites representing 34 loci covering almost the whole wheat genome. the polymorphic information content (pic) across the tested loci ranged from 0 to 0.88 with average values of 0.57 and 0.65 for durum and bread wheat respectively. b genome had the highest mean number of alleles (10.91) followed by a genome (8.3) whereas d genome had the lowest number (4.73). the correlation between pic and all ... | 2010 | 21254727 |
| variation of resistance in barley against biotypes 1 and 2 of the russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae). | the russian wheat aphid, diruaphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), is globally one of the most devastating pests of bread wheat, tritium aestivum l.; durum wheat, triticum turgidum l.; and barley, hordeum vulgare l. host plant resistance is the foundation for cereal insect pest management programs, and several sources of d. noxia resistance have been incorporated in cultivars to manage d. noxia damage. the emergence of d. noxia north american biotype 2 (rwa2) in colorado has made all k ... | 2010 | 20568641 |
| chromosomal and genome-wide molecular changes associated with initial stages of allohexaploidization in wheat can be transit and incidental. | genomic instability can be induced by nascent allopolyploidization in plants. however, most previous studies have not defined to what extent the allopolyploidy-induced rapid genomic instability represents a general response, and hence important to evolution, or merely incidental events occurring stochastically in a limited number of individuals. we report here that in a newly formed allohexaploid wheat line between tetraploid wheat triticum turgidum subsp. durum (genome bbaa) and aegilops tausch ... | 2011 | 21797821 |
| major genes for na+ exclusion, nax1 and nax2 (wheat hkt1;4 and hkt1;5), decrease na+ accumulation in bread wheat leaves under saline and waterlogged conditions. | two major genes for na(+) exclusion in durum wheat, nax1 and nax2, that were previously identified as the na(+) transporters tmhkt1;4-a2 and tmhkt1;5-a, were transferred into bread wheat in order to increase its capacity to restrict the accumulation of na(+) in leaves. the genes were crossed from tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) into hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum) by interspecific crossing and marker-assisted selection for hexaploid plants containing one or both g ... | 2011 | 21357768 |
| synthesizing double haploid hexaploid wheat populations based on a spontaneous alloploidization process. | doubled haploid (dh) populations are useful to scientists and breeders in both crop improvement and basic research. current methods of producing dhs usually need in vitro culture for extracting haploids and chemical treatment for chromosome doubling. this report describes a simple method for synthesizing dhs (syndh) especially for allopolyploid species by utilizing meiotic restitution genes. the method involves three steps: hybridization to induce recombination, interspecific hybridization to ex ... | 2011 | 21356528 |
| a screening method to identify genetic variation in root growth response to a salinity gradient. | salinity as well as drought are increasing problems in agriculture. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) is relatively salt sensitive compared with bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yields poorly on saline soil. field studies indicate that roots of durum wheat do not proliferate as extensively as bread wheat in saline soil. in order to look for genetic diversity in root growth within durum wheat, a screening method was developed to identify genetic variation in rates of root ... | 2011 | 21118825 |
| mirna expression patterns of triticum dicoccoides in response to shock drought stress. | drought is a major environmental stress factor that affects plant growth and development worldwide. wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the ancestor of domesticated durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), has great potential for improving the understanding of the wheat drought response. micrornas (mirnas) are a recently discovered class of gene expression regulators that have also been linked to several plant stress responses; however, this relationship is just beginning t ... | 2011 | 21069383 |
| alteration in expression of hormone-related genes in wild emmer wheat roots associated with drought adaptation mechanisms. | transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles were used to unravel drought adaptation mechanisms in wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides), the progenitor of cultivated wheat, by comparing the response to drought stress in roots of genotypes contrasting in drought tolerance. the differences between the drought resistant (r) and drought susceptible (s) genotypes were characterized mainly by shifts in expression of hormone-related genes (e.g., gibberellins, abscisic acid (aba) and auxin), ... | 2011 | 21656015 |
| a novel retrotransposon inserted in the dominant vrn-b1 allele confers spring growth habit in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum l.). | vernalization genes determine winter/spring growth habit in temperate cereals and play important roles in plant development and environmental adaptation. in wheat (triticum l. sp.), it was previously shown that allelic variation in the vernalization gene vrn1 was due to deletions or insertions either in the promoter or in the first intron. here, we report a novel vrn-b1 allele that has a retrotransposon in its promoter conferring spring growth habit. the vrn-b1 gene was mapped in a doubled haplo ... | 2011 | 22384375 |
| genetic mapping of stem rust resistance gene sr13 in tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum l.). | wheat stem rust caused by puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can cause significant yield losses. to combat the disease, breeders have deployed resistance genes both individually and in combinations to increase resistance durability. a new race, ttksk (ug99), identified in uganda in 1999 is virulent on most of the resistance genes currently deployed, and is rapidly spreading to other regions of the world. it is therefore important to identify, map, and deploy resistance genes that are still effect ... | 2011 | 20857083 |
| the drought response displayed by a dre-binding protein from triticum dicoccoides. | drought is one of the major causes of dramatic yield loss in crop plants. knowledge of how to alleviate this loss is still limited due to the complexity of both the stress condition and plant responses. wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is a potential source of important drought-resistance genes for its cultivated relatives. the gene for an emmer dre-binding protein, tdicdrf1, was cloned and shown to be drought-responsive with orthologs in other plants. this is the first repo ... | 2011 | 21296583 |
| the influence of climate on durum wheat quality in tuscany, central italy. | climate and meteorological conditions greatly affect agricultural activities, modifying plant responses and determining the quantity and the quality of production. in this respect, the aim of this research was to analyze the quality of winter durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum), in terms of protein content through the use of meteorological information. meteorological conditions were described utilizing both local weather station data (air temperature, cumulated precipitation) and large ... | 2011 | 20358232 |
| identification and comparative mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) on chromosome 2bs. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. a powdery mildew resistance gene conferring resistance to b. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate e09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession iw170 introduced from israel. an incomplete dominant gene, temporarily designated mliw170, ... | 2011 | 22170431 |
| identification and characterization of a novel powdery mildew resistance gene pmg3m derived from wild emmer wheat, triticum dicoccoides. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. wild emmer wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides, the tetraploid ancestor (aabb) of domesticated bread and durum wheat, harbors many important alleles for resistance to various diseases, including powdery mildew. in the current study, two tetraploid wheat mapping populations, derived from a cross between durum wheat (cv. langdon) and wild emmer wheat (accession g-305-3m), w ... | 2011 | 22159825 |
| identification and characterization of two plasma membrane aquaporins in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. | plant plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pip) cluster in two phylogenetic groups, pip1 and pip2 that have different water channel activities when expressed in xenopus oocytes. pip2s induce a marked increase of the membrane osmotic water-permeability coefficient (p(f)), whereas pip1s are generally inactive. here we report the cloning of two durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum) cdnas encoding tdpip1;1 and tdpip2;1 belonging to the pip1 and pip2 subfamilies, respectively. contrary to td ... | 2011 | 21723739 |
| nanoscale structure of the cell wall protecting cellulose from enzyme attack. | the cell wall structure protects cellulose from enzymatic attack and its successive fermentation. the nature of this protection consists in the very complex macroscopic and microscopic structure of cell wall that limits transport. explaining this kind of protection is critical in future research to improve cell polymer availability for enzymatic attack. this research shows that the complete description of the cell wall topography at a nanoscale level allows a mechanistic understanding of cellulo ... | 2011 | 21174466 |
| low temperature-induced necrosis shows phenotypic plasticity in wheat triploid hybrids. | hybrid necrosis sometimes appears in triploid hybrids between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii coss. two types of hybrid necrosis (type ii and type iii) were observed when cultivar langdon was used as female parent for hybrid production. type ii necrosis symptoms occurred only under low temperature conditions, whereas bushy and dwarf phenotypes were observed under normal temperature conditions. the developmental plasticity might be related to a temperature-responsive alteration of meristem ... | 2011 | 21897130 |
| variations in content and extractability of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) arabinoxylans associated with genetic and environmental factors. | arabinoxylans (ax) represent the most abundant components of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat, constituting about 70% of cell wall polysaccharides. an important property of ax is their ability to form highly viscous water solutions; this peculiarity has a significant impact on the technological characteristics of wheat and determines the physiologically positive influence in consumption. durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum), the raw material for pasta production, is one of the most im ... | 2011 | 21845095 |
| environmental conditions affect semolina quality in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum l.) cultivars with different gluten strength and gluten protein composition. | sowing time may impact semolina and pasta cooking quality by changing the environmental conditions during grain filling. the effect of an optimum and a delayed sowing time on semolina quality was studied by comparing six cultivars under irrigation, in order to isolate temperature from drought effects. | 2011 | 21842525 |
| a new reduced height gene found in the tetraploid semi-dwarf wheat landrace aiganfanmai. | aiganfanmai is a dwarf tetraploid wheat landrace (triticum turgidum var. turgidum) that stably produces the semi-dwarf trait. plant height varies from 80-105 cm under cultivation. compared with tall durum wheat (t. turgidum var. durum) variety langdon, we found it to have short spikes and seeds, besides a semi-dwarf character. we crossed aiganfanmai with langdon to analyze the genetic basis of the semi-dwarf trait. the f(2) population segregated at a 1:3 ratio for the short trait to the normal, ... | 2011 | 22002128 |
| occurrence of fusarium spp. and fumonisin in durum wheat grains. | a survey was carried out to determine fusarium species and fumonisin contamination in 55 durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) samples collected during two harvest seasons (2007 and 2008) using hplc and further lc-ms/ms confirmation. all samples showed fusarium contamination with infection levels ranging from 8 to 66%, f. proliferatum being the species most frequently isolated during 2007 and the second most frequently isolated one during the 2008 harvest season, respectively. natural co ... | 2011 | 21999326 |
| accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum): the role of transpiration. | concentrations of cadmium in the grain of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) are often above the internationally acceptable limit of 0.2 mg kg(-1). cultivars that vary in concentrations of cadmium in the grain have been identified but the physiology behind differential accumulation has not been determined. three pairs of near-isogenic lines (isolines) of durum wheat that vary in aboveground cadmium accumulation (8982-tl 'high' and 'low', w9260-bc 'high' and 'low', and w9261-bg 'high' a ... | 2011 | 23573025 |
| actin filament-organized local cortical endoplasmic reticulum aggregations in developing stomatal complexes of grasses. | endoplasmic reticulum (er) immunolabeling in developing stomatal complexes and in the intervening cells of the stomatal rows (icsrs) of zea mays revealed that the cortical-er forms distinct aggregations lining locally expanding wall regions. the polarized subsidiary cell mother cells (smcs), displayed a cortical-er-patch lining the wall region shared with the inducing guard cell mother cell (gmc), which disorganized during mitosis. in dividing smcs, er persisted in the preprophase band region an ... | 2011 | 20644970 |
| mixed model association mapping for fusarium head blight resistance in tunisian-derived durum wheat populations. | sources of resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat are mostly restricted to chinese hexaploid genotypes. the effort to incorporate the resistance from hexaploid wheat or wild relatives to cultivated durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) have not been successful in providing resistance to the level of the donor parents. in this study, we used 171 bc(1)f(6) and 169 bc(1)f(7) lines derived from crossing of four tunisian tetraploid sources of resistance (tun7, tun18, tun34, t ... | 2011 | 22384332 |
| microsatellite mutation rate during allohexaploidization of newly resynthesized wheat. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs, also known as microsatellites) are known to be mutational hotspots in genomes. dna rearrangements have also been reported to accompany allopolyploidization. a study of the effect of allopolyploidization on ssr mutation is therefore important for understanding the origin and evolutionary dynamics of ssrs in allopolyploids. three synthesized double haploid (syndh) populations were made from 241 interspecific f(1 )haploid hybrids between triticum turgidum l. and aegil ... | 2012 | 23202911 |
| coexpression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit 1ax1 and puroindoline improves dough mixing properties in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum). | wheat end-use quality mainly derives from two interrelated characteristics: the compositions of gluten proteins and grain hardness. the composition of gluten proteins determines dough rheological properties and thus confers the unique viscoelastic property on dough. one group of gluten proteins, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs), plays an important role in dough functional properties. on the other hand, grain hardness, which influences the milling process of flour, is controlled b ... | 2012 | 23185532 |
| introgression and characterization of a goatgrass gene for a high level of resistance to ug99 stem rust in tetraploid wheat. | the transfer of alien genes to crop plants using chromosome engineering has been attempted infrequently in tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum). here, we report a highly efficient approach for the transfer of two genes conferring resistance to stem rust race pgt-ttksk (ug99) from goatgrass (aegilops speltoides) to tetraploid wheat. the durum line das15, carrying the stem rust resistance gene sr47 derived from ae. speltoides, was crossed, and backcrossed, to durum 5d(5b) ane ... | 2012 | 22690376 |
| novel durum wheat genes up-regulated in response to a combination of heat and drought stress. | we report the effect of heat, drought and combined stress on the expression of a group of genes that are up-regulated under these conditions in durum wheat (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) plants. modulation of gene expression was studied by cdna-aflp performed on rnas extracted from flag leaves. by this approach, we identified several novel durum wheat genes whose expression is modulated under different stress conditions. we focused on a group of hitherto undescribed up-regulated genes in durum ... | 2012 | 22609457 |
| nitrogen and phosphorus economy of a legume tree-cereal intercropping system under controlled conditions. | considerable amounts of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) fertilizers have been mis-used in agroecosystems, with profound alteration to the biogeochemical cycles of these two major nutrients. to reduce excess fertilizer use, plant-mediated nutrient supply through n(2)-fixation, transfer of fixed n and mobilization of soil p may be important processes for the nutrient economy of low-input tree-based intercropping systems. in this study, we quantified plant performance, p acquisition and belowground ... | 2012 | 22446108 |
| identification of snp mutations in dreb1, hkt1, and wrky1 genes involved in drought and salt stress tolerance in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum). | tolerance mechanisms to salinity and drought stress are quite complex. plants have developed a complex and elaborate signaling network that ensures their adaptation to this stress. for example, salinity tolerance is thought to be due to three main factors: na(+) exclusion, tolerance to na(+) in the tissues and osmotic tolerance. recently, many transcription factors for tolerance to salt and drought stresses have been identified. in this study, multialignments of conserved domains in dreb1, wrky1 ... | 2012 | 22433076 |
| genetic map of triticum turgidum based on a hexaploid wheat population without genetic recombination for d genome. | a synthetic doubled-haploid hexaploid wheat population, syndh1, derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid f1 hybrid plants obtained from the cross of hybrids triticum turgidum ssp. durum line langdon (ldn) and ssp. turgidum line as313, with aegilops tauschii ssp. tauschii accession as60, was previously constructed. syndh1 is a tetraploidization-hexaploid doubled haploid (dh) population because it contains recombinant a and b chromosomes from two different t. turgidum genotypes ... | 2012 | 22888829 |
| finite element modeling of the cyclic wetting mechanism in the active part of wheat awns. | many plant tissues and organs are capable of moving due to changes in the humidity of the environment, such as the opening of the seed capsule of the ice plant and the opening of the pine cone. these are fascinating examples for the materials engineer, as these tissues are non-living and move solely through the differential swelling of anisotropic tissues and in principle may serve as examples for the bio-inspired design of artificial actuators. in this paper, we model the microstructure of the ... | 2012 | 22791359 |
| conservation of socioculturally important local crop biodiversity in the oromia region of ethiopia: a case study. | in this study, we surveyed diversity in a range of local crops in the lume and gimbichu districts of ethiopia, together with the knowledge of local people regarding crop uses, socio-economic importance, conservation, management and existing threats. data were collected using semistructured interviews and participant observation. the study identified 28 farmers' varieties of 12 crop species. among these, wheat (triticum turgidum) and tef (eragrostis tef) have high intra-specific diversity, with 9 ... | 2012 | 22729809 |
| formation of an endoplasmic reticulum ring associated with acetylated microtubules in the angiosperm preprophase band. | we investigated the organization of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (er) in prophase cells of the angiosperms zea mays, triticum turgidum, and vigna sinensis. in both symmetrically and asymmetrically dividing protodermal leaf cells, cortical er was enriched in the preprophase band and colocalized there with microtubules, forming a ring-like structure (er ring). in contrast, er ring was absent from prophase root-tip cells of the same plants, suggesting that er ring formation in the preprophase ... | 2012 | 22359412 |
| genetic variability in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi compatibility supports the selection of durum wheat genotypes for enhancing soil ecological services and cropping systems in canada. | crop nutrient- and water-use efficiency could be improved by using crop varieties highly compatible with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). two greenhouse experiments demonstrated the presence of genetic variability for this trait in modern durum wheat ( triticum turgidum l. var. durum desf.) germplasm. among the five cultivars tested, 'ac morse' had consistently low levels of am root colonization and dt710 had consistently high levels of am root colonization, whereas 'commander', which had the ... | 2012 | 22356605 |
| effect of silicon on reducing cadmium toxicity in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. cv. claudio w.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. | agricultural soil contamination and subsequently crops still require alternative solutions to reduce associated environmental risks. the effects of silica application on alleviating cadmium (cd) phytotoxicity in wheat plants were investigated in a 71-day pot experiment conducted with a historically contaminated agricultural soil. we used amorphous silica (asi) that had been extracted from a diatomite mine for si distribution at 0, 1, 10 and 15 ton asi ha(-1). asi applications increased plant bio ... | 2012 | 22301080 |
| registration of wheat lines carrying the partial stripe rust resistance gene yr36 without the gpc-b1 high grain protein content allele. | while the high-temperature adult plant resistance gene yr36 represents a promising source of quantitative and potentially race non-specific resistance to wheat stripe rust (causal organism puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici), its tight linkage (0.3 cm) with the high-grain protein content gene gpc-b1 may hinder its introgression in certain cases, such as in soft wheat varieties requiring low grain protein content or in lines where the gpc-b1 allele may be associated with a yield penalty ... | 2012 | 26962384 |
| antioxidant activity of free and bound compounds in quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) seeds in comparison with durum wheat and emmer. | antioxidant activity (aa) of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) seeds, as well as of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum desf.) and of emmer (t. turgidum l. ssp. dicoccum schübler) grains, was evaluated by studying hydrophilic (h), lipophilic (l), free-soluble (fsp) and insoluble-bound (ibp) phenolic extracts using the new lipoxygenase/4-nitroso-n,n-dimethylaniline (lox/rno) method, able to simultaneously detect different antioxidant mechanisms, as well as using the oxygen radical absor ... | 2012 | 23057788 |
| disturbance of reactive oxygen species homeostasis induces atypical tubulin polymer formation and affects mitosis in root-tip cells of triticum turgidum and arabidopsis thaliana. | in this study, the effects of disturbance of the reactive oxygen species (ros) homeostasis on the organization of tubulin cytoskeleton in interphase and mitotic root-tip cells of triticum turgidum and arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. reduced ros levels were obtained by treatment with diphenylene iodonium (dpi) and n-acetyl-cysteine, whereas menadione was applied to achieve ros overproduction. both increased and low ros levels induced: (a) macrotubule formation in cells with low ros levels ... | 2012 | 21976360 |
| identification and mapping of leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance quantitative trait loci and their interactions in durum wheat. | leaf rust (puccinia triticina eriks.), stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. tritici eriks.) and stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) cause major production losses in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum). the objective of this research was to identify and map leaf, stripe and stem rust resistance loci from the french cultivar sachem and canadian cultivar strongfield. a doubled haploid population from sachem/strongfield and parents were phenotyped for seedling reaction to leaf rus ... | 2012 | 23396999 |
| molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene on chromosome 2bs from triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum. | powdery mildew caused by the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt), is a destructive foliar disease on wheat in many regions of the world. triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum (2n=4x=28) shows particular promises as a donor source of useful genetic variation for several traits, including disease resistances that could be introgressed to cultivated wheats. accession mg5323, resistant to powdery mildew, was crossed to the susceptible durum cultivar latino and a set of 122 recombinant i ... | 2012 | 23017904 |
| cloning and comparative analysis of carotenoid β-hydroxylase genes provides new insights into carotenoid metabolism in tetraploid (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) and hexaploid (triticum aestivum) wheat grains. | carotenoid β-hydroxylases attach hydroxyl groups to the β-ionone rings (β-rings) of carotenoid substrates, resulting in modified structures and functions of carotenoid molecules. we cloned and characterized two genes (each with three homeologs), hyd1 and hyd2, which encode β-hydroxylases in wheat. the results from bioinformatic and nested degenerate pcr analyses collectively suggest that hyd1 and hyd2 may represent the entire complement of non-heme di-iron β-hydroxylases in wheat. the homeologs ... | 2012 | 23015203 |
| high-density mapping and marker development for the powdery mildew resistance gene pmas846 derived from wild emmer wheat (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. the dominant powdery mildew resistance gene pmas846 was transferred to the hexaploid wheat lines n9134 and n9738 from wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides) in 1995, and it is still one of the most effective resistance genes in china. a high resolution genetic map for pmas846 locus was constructed using two f(2) populations and corresponding f(2:3) families developed from the crosses o ... | 2012 | 22350087 |
| identification of novel qtl for resistance to fusarium head blight in a tetraploid wheat population. | most tetraploid durum wheat (triticum turgidum l var. durum) cultivars are susceptible to fusarium head blight (fhb). this study reports novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) associated with fhb resistance. a backcross recombinant inbred line (bcril) population was developed from the cross bgrc3487/2*dt735, and 160 lines were evaluated for resistance to fusarium graminearum schwabe (teleomorph gibberella zeae (schwein. petch) in field trials over 3 years (2008-2010) and to a f. graminearum 3-acety ... | 2012 | 23231604 |
| variation in abscisic acid responsiveness of aegilops tauschii and hexaploid wheat synthetics due to the d-genome diversity. | common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allohexaploid that originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat (triticum turgidum) and diploid aegilops tauschii. ae. tauschii is considered one of the potential sources of new genetic variation in abiotic stress tolerance for improving common wheat. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses. in this study, aba responsiveness of 67 ae. tauschii accessions and their synthetic hexaploid whe ... | 2012 | 22531790 |
| metabolite profiling of a diverse collection of wheat lines using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | genetic differences among major types of wheat are well characterized; however, little is known about how these distinctions affect the small molecule profile of the wheat seed. ethanol/water (65% v/v) extracts of seed from 45 wheat lines representing 3 genetically distinct classes, tetraploid durum (triticum turgidum subspecies durum) (dw) and hexaploid hard and soft bread wheat (t. aestivum subspecies aestivum) (bw) were subjected to ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of- ... | 2012 | 22957002 |
| identification and molecular characterisation of hmw glutenin subunit 1by16* in wild emmer. | in this study, a novel y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) in wild emmer wheat triticum turgidum l. var. dicoccoides (körn.) accession ku1952 was identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), capillary electrophoresis (ce) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms). its electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight were similar to those of 1by16 and was designated as 1by16*. the complet ... | 2012 | 22644727 |
| wheat grain yield on saline soils is improved by an ancestral na⁺ transporter gene. | the ability of wheat to maintain a low sodium concentration ([na(+)]) in leaves correlates with improved growth under saline conditions. this trait, termed na(+) exclusion, contributes to the greater salt tolerance of bread wheat relative to durum wheat. to improve the salt tolerance of durum wheat, we explored natural diversity in shoot na(+) exclusion within ancestral wheat germplasm. previously, we showed that crossing of nax2, a gene locus in the wheat relative triticum monococcum into a com ... | 2012 | 22407351 |
| global transgenerational gene expression dynamics in two newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) lines. | alteration in gene expression resulting from allopolyploidization is a prominent feature in plants, but its spectrum and extent are not fully known. common wheat (triticum aestivum) was formed via allohexaploidization about 10,000 years ago, and became the most important crop plant. to gain further insights into the genome-wide transcriptional dynamics associated with the onset of common wheat formation, we conducted microarray-based genome-wide gene expression analysis on two newly synthesized ... | 2012 | 22277161 |
| genetic behaviour of physiological traits conferring cytosolic k+/na+ homeostasis in wheat. | a plant's ability to maintain an optimal cytosolic k(+)/na(+) ratio has long been cited as a key feature of salinity tolerance. as traditional whole-leaf nutrient analysis does not account for tissue and organelle-specific ion sequestration, the predictive value of this index at the whole-plant level is not always satisfactory. consequently, suitable in situ methods for functionally assessing the activity of the key membrane transporters contributing to this trait at the cellular level need to b ... | 2012 | 22117736 |
| characterization of hmw-gs and evaluation of their diversity in morphologically elite synthetic hexaploid wheats. | high molecular weight glutenin subunit composition and variation in 95 elite-1 synthetic hexaploid (sh) wheats (triticum turgidum/aegilops tauschii; 2n = 6× = 42; aabbdd) were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method (sds-page). twenty two different alleles at glu-1 loci in shs were observed. forty four different patterns of hmw-gs in synthetics were found. this higher hmw glutenin composition was due to higher proportion of d-genome encoded subunits in the ... | 2012 | 23341752 |
| proteome changes in wild and modern wheat leaves upon drought stress by two-dimensional electrophoresis and nanolc-esi-ms/ms. | to elucidate differentially expressed proteins and to further understand post-translational modifications of transcripts, full leaf proteome profiles of two wild emmer (triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides tr39477 and ttd22) and one modern durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. kızıltan) genotypes were compared upon 9-day drought stress using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nano-scale liquid chromatographic electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry methods. the three genotype ... | 2013 | 23443681 |
| quality of synthetic hexaploid wheat containing null alleles at glu-a1 and glu-b1 loci. | triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon pi94668 and pi349045 were identified as containing null alleles at glu-a1 and glu-b1 loci in previous investigation. sequencing of the respective hmw-gs genes ax, bx, ay and by in both accessions indicated equal dna lengths with gene silencing caused by 1 to 4 in-frame stop codon(s) in the open reading frames. six synthetic hexaploid wheat lines were produced by crossing pi94668 or pi349045 with six aegilops tauschii by spontaneous chromosome doubling of unreduced ... | 2013 | 23970079 |
| cadmium uptake and partitioning in durum wheat during grain filling. | concentrations of cadmium (cd) in the grain of many durum wheats (triticum turgidum subsp. durum) grown in north american prairie soils often exceed international trade standards. genotypic differences in root-to-shoot translocation of cd are a major determinant of intraspecific variation in the accumulation of cd in grain. we tested the extent to which changes in whole-plant cd accumulation and the distribution of cd between tissues influences cd accumulation in grain by measuring cd accumulati ... | 2013 | 23856013 |
| evaluation of the safety of ancient strains of wheat in coeliac disease reveals heterogeneous small intestinal t cell responses suggestive of coeliac toxicity. | coeliac disease is a chronic small intestinal immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. since it is unknown if all wheat varieties are equally toxic to coeliac patients seven triticum accessions showing different origin (ancient/modern) and ploidy (di-, tetra- hexaploid) were studied. | 2013 | 23465776 |
| intrinsic karyotype stability and gene copy number variations may have laid the foundation for tetraploid wheat formation. | polyploidy or whole-genome duplication is recurrent in plant evolution, yet only a small fraction of whole-genome duplications has led to successful speciation. a major challenge in the establishment of nascent polyploids is sustained karyotype instability, which compromises fitness. the three putative diploid progenitors of bread wheat, with aa, ss (s ∼ b), and dd genomes occurred sympatrically, and their cross-fertilization in different combinations may have resulted in fertile allotetraploids ... | 2013 | 24218593 |
| structural analysis of the wheat genes encoding nadh-dependent glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferases and correlation with grain protein content. | nitrogen uptake and the efficient absorption and metabolism of nitrogen are essential elements in attempts to breed improved cereal cultivars for grain or silage production. one of the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism is glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amidotransferase (gogat). together with glutamine synthetase (gs), gogat maintains the flow of nitrogen from nh4 (+) into glutamine and glutamate, which are then used for several aminotransferase reactions during amino acid synthesis. | 2013 | 24069228 |
| durum wheat and allelopathy: toward wheat breeding for natural weed management. | wheat-derived foodstuffs represent about one-fifth of the calories consumed by humans worldwide. bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important crops throughout the world, and it has been extensively studied for its allelopathic potential. in contrast, for allelopathy in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum), our knowledge is partial and fragmentary. through highlighting recent advances in using allelopathy as a crop-breeding tool, we provide an overview of allelopathy in t ... | 2013 | 24065979 |
| the genetic study utility of a hexaploid wheat dh population with non-recombinant a- and b-genomes. | to study the d-genome of the wild wheat relative aegilops tauschii cosson at the hexaploid level, we developed a synthetic doubled-haploid (dh) hexaploid wheat population, syndh3. this population was derived from the spontaneous chromosome doubling of triploid f1 hybrid plants obtained from a cross between triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccon pi377655 and a. tauschii ssp. strangulata as66 × ssp. tauschii as87. syndh3 is a diploidization-hexaploid dh population containing recombinant d chromosomes fro ... | 2013 | 23577301 |
| aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation. | about 8,000 years ago in the fertile crescent, a spontaneous hybridization of the wild diploid grass aegilops tauschii (2n = 14; dd) with the cultivated tetraploid wheat triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28; aabb) resulted in hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; aabbdd). wheat has since become a primary staple crop worldwide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour. here we describe sequencing the ae. ta ... | 2013 | 23535592 |
| aegilops tauschii single nucleotide polymorphisms shed light on the origins of wheat d-genome genetic diversity and pinpoint the geographic origin of hexaploid wheat. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum, genomes aabbdd) originated by hybridization of tetraploid triticum turgidum (genomes aabb) with aegilops tauschii (genomes dd). genetic relationships between a. tauschii and the wheat d genome are of central importance for the understanding of wheat origin and subsequent evolution. genetic relationships among 477 a. tauschii and wheat accessions were studied with the a. tauschii 10k infinium single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) array. aegilops tauschii consist ... | 2013 | 23374069 |