Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| epiphytic lichen diversity on dead and dying conifers under different levels of atmospheric pollution. | based on literature data, epiphytic lichen abundance was comparably studied in montane woodlands on healthy versus dead or dying conifers of europe and north america in areas with different levels of atmospheric pollution. study sites comprised picea abies forests in the harz mountains and in the northern alps, germany, picea rubens-abies balsamea forests on whiteface mountain, adirondacks, new york, u.s.a. and picea engelmannii-abies lasiocarpa forests in the salish mountains, montana, u.s.a. d ... | 2005 | 15701398 |
| estimating foliage biomass in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and norway spruce (picea abies) plots. | dynamic decomposition models are needed to estimate changes in the carbon stock of boreal soil because these changes are difficult to measure directly. an important aboveground carbon flux to the soil is foliage litterfall. to estimate this flux, both the amount and the turnover rate of the foliage biomass component must be known. several methods for estimating foliage biomass of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), including biomass equations and biomass ... | 2005 | 15870050 |
| fine roots in stands of fagus sylvatica and picea abies along a gradient of soil acidification. | root length of naturally grown young beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in 26 forest plots of differing base saturation and nitrogen deposition. the relative length of finest roots (<0.25 mm) was found to decrease in soils with low base saturation. a similar reduction of finest roots in plots with high nitrogen deposition was masked by the effect of base saturation. the formation of adventitious roots was enhanced in acidic soils. the analysis of 128 soil profiles for fine roots o ... | 2005 | 15964116 |
| mycorrhiza helper bacterium streptomyces ach 505 induces differential gene expression in the ectomycorrhizal fungus amanita muscaria. | the interaction between the mycorrhiza helper bacteria streptomyces nov. sp. 505 (ach 505) and streptomyces annulatus 1003 (ach 1003) with fly agaric (amanita muscaria) and spruce (picea abies) was investigated. the effects of both bacteria on the mycelial growth of different ectomycorrhizal fungi, on ectomycorrhiza formation, and on fungal gene expression in dual culture with ach 505 were determined. the fungus specificities of the streptomycetes were similar. both bacterial species showed the ... | 2005 | 16159334 |
| microbial community structure and density under different tree species in an acid forest soil (morvan, france). | overexploitation of forests to increase wood production has led to the replacement of native forest by large areas of monospecific tree plantations. in the present study, the effects of different monospecific tree cover plantations on density and composition of the indigenous soil microbial community are described. the experimental site of "breuil-chenue" in the morvan (france) was the site of a comparison of a similar mineral soil under norway spruce (picea abies), douglas fir (pseudotuga menzi ... | 2005 | 16333717 |
| origin and evolution of kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein. | kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (kcbp), a member of the kinesin-14 family, is a c-terminal microtubule motor with three unique domains including a myosin tail homology region 4 (myth4), a talin-like domain, and a calmodulin-binding domain (cbd). the myth4 and talin-like domains (found in some myosins) are not found in other reported kinesins. a calmodulin-binding kinesin called kinesin-c (spkinc) isolated from sea urchin (strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is the only reported kinesin with a ... | 2005 | 15951483 |
| autumn frost hardiness in norway spruce plus tree progeny and trees of the local and transferred provenances in central sweden. | reforestation with provenances from locations remote from the planting site (transferred provenances) or the progeny of trees of local provenances selected for superior form and vigor (plus trees) offer alternative means to increase yield over that obtained by the use of seed from unselected trees of the local provenance. under swedish conditions, norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) of certain transferred provenances generally has an advantage in productivity relative to the local provenance ... | 2005 | 15996961 |
| daylength and temperature during seed production interactively affect adaptive performance of picea abies progenies. | adaptive traits in picea abies (norway spruce) progenies are influenced by the maternal temperatures during seed production. here, we have extended these studies by testing the effects of maternal photoperiod and temperature on phenology and frost hardiness on progenies. using eight phytotron rooms, seeds from three unrelated crosses were made in an environmental 2 x 2 factorial combination of long and short days and high and low temperatures. the progenies were then forced to cease growth rapid ... | 2005 | 16313642 |
| acclimation to ozone affects host/pathogen interaction and competitiveness for nitrogen in juvenile fagus sylvatica and picea abies trees infected with phytophthora citricola. | in a two-year phytotron study, juvenile trees of european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were grown in mixture under ambient and twice ambient ozone (o3) and infected with the root pathogen phytophthora citricola. we investigated the influence of o3 on the trees' susceptibility to the root pathogen and assessed, through a 15n-labelling experiment, the impact of both treatments (o3 exposure and infection) on belowground competitiveness. the hypotheses tested were that: (1 ... | 2005 | 16388467 |
| bacterial endophytes from seeds of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst). | endophytic bacteria from wooden plants and especially seed-associated endophytes are not well studied. fresh seeds collected from four norway spruce trees (picea abies) from different locations in the slovene subalpine region were surface-sterilised and dissected into a seed coat, embryo and endosperm. the presence of endophytes was detected by culturing methods and by direct amplification of the eubacterial 16s rdna gene. both approaches identified bacteria from genera pseudomonas and rahnella ... | 2005 | 15766788 |
| long lasting nitrate leaching after bark beetle attack in the highlands of the bavarian forest national park. | during the past decade bark beetle (ips typographus) attacks killed nearly all of the norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] stands in the unmanaged zone in the highlands of the bavarian forest national park. this study was conducted to predict if and how long the catastrophic event might cause elevated nitrate no3(-) concentration in seepage water, and if the presence of ground vegetation may reduce no3(-) leaching. a chronosequence approach was used to investigate no3(-) leaching before and a ... | 2005 | 16151229 |
| development of a nested pcr detection procedure for nectria fuckeliana direct from norway spruce bark extracts. | a pair of primers specific for nectria fuckeliana, a bark infecting pathogen predominantly of norway spruce (picea abies), were designed from comparisons of nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of nine isolates from norway, lithuania, switzerland, austria, slovakia, scotland (larix sp.) and new zealand (pinus radiata), and other closely related nectriaceous species, including neo. neomacrospora, and 'n'. mammoidea, to which it exhibits taxonomic ... | 2005 | 15621436 |
| meteorological factors and air pollution in lithuanian forests: possible effects on tree condition. | this study investigates changes in tree condition and environmental factors in lithuania during the active growing season in 1991-2001. the average crown defoliation and the proportion of healthy trees of pinus sylvestris, picea abies, betula sp., fraxinus excelsior, alnus incana, alnus glutinosa, populus tremula, and quercus robur, meteorological (average temperature, amount of precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient) and air pollution data (acidity of precipitation, concentrations of so2, no2 ... | 2005 | 16005769 |
| monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of a community of the tree-root endophyte phialocephala fortinii s.l. | phialocephala fortinii sensu lato was isolated from picea abies roots that had been collected from the same 3 x 3-m forest plot in 2001 and 2004, to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of this fungal community. rflp analysis was used to define the multilocus haplotype (mlh) of each isolate. pielou's measure of association and chi(2) tests of independence were employed to examine the randomness of patterns of spatial distribution of mlh observed in 2001 and 2004. population differentiation ... | 2005 | 16313647 |
| differences in growth characteristics and dynamics of elements absorbed in seedlings of three spruce species raised on serpentine soil in northern japan. | serpentine soils are characterized by the presence of heavy metals (ni and cr) and excess mg; these elements often suppress plant growth. picea glehnii is nevertheless distributed widely on serpentine soils in northern japan. growth characteristics were compared among p. glehnii, picea jezoensis (distributed in the same region) and picea abies (planted for timber production), and concentrations of elements in various tissues over time and the amount of ectomycorrhizal infection in short roots we ... | 2005 | 15650010 |
| degradability of dissolved soil organic carbon and nitrogen in relation to tree species. | the degradability and chemical characteristics of water-extractable dissolved organic carbon (doc) and nitrogen (don) from the humus layer of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands were compared in short-term incubation of soil solutions. for all extracts the degradation of doc and don was low (12-17% loss) and increased in the order: birch, spruce and pine. in the humus layer under pine a relatively larger pool of ... | 2005 | 16329927 |
| modeling tree water deficit from microclimate: an approach to quantifying drought stress. | tree water deficit estimated by measuring water-related changes in stem radius (deltaw) was compared with tree water deficit estimated from the output of a simple, physiologically reasonable model (deltawe), with soil water potential (psisoil) and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (vpd) as inputs. values of deltaw were determined by monitoring stem radius changes with dendrometers and detrending the results for growth. we followed changes in deltaw and deltawe in pinus sylvestris l. and quercus ... | 2005 | 15574396 |
| susceptibility to low-temperature photoinhibition in three conifers differing in successional status. | susceptibility to photoinhibition of the evergreen conifers abies alba mill., picea abies (l.) karst. and pinus mugo turra was investigated in an unheated greenhouse during winter and spring 2003. photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and analyses of chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations in needles. during winter months, maximum quantum yield of psii photochemistry (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, fv/fm) was significantly grea ... | 2005 | 15996958 |
| phenotypic and dna sequence data comparisons reveal three discrete species in the ceratocystis polonica species complex. | ceratocystis polonica and c. laricicola are two morphologically similar species that occur on conifers and reside in the ceratocystis coerulescens species complex. they, however, represent two ecologically distinct entities. c. polonica causes blue stain on norway spruce (picea abies) and other spruce species (picea spp.) in eurasia and is associated with the bark beetles ips typographus, i. typographus japonicus, i. amitinus and i. duplicatus. in contrast, c. laricicola lives in a symbiotic rel ... | 2005 | 16279408 |
| assessment of cone-damaging insects in a swedish spruce seed orchard and the efficacy of large-scale application of bacillus thuringiensis variety aizawai x kurstaki against lepidopterans. | in a 2-yr study, we investigated the efficacy of large-scale application of the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis variety aizawai x kurstaki (btk) in a swedish spruce, picea abies l. (karst.), seed orchard for controlling damage caused by four lepidopteran species: dioryctria abietella den et. schiff. (pyralidae), eupithecia abietaria götze, e. analoga djakonov (geometridae), and cydia strobilella (l.) (tortricidae). the frequencies of these species, and strobilomyia anthracina czern ... | 2005 | 15889731 |
| fungal communities in mycorrhizal roots of conifer seedlings in forest nurseries under different cultivation systems, assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and mycelial isolation. | fungi colonising root tips of pinus sylvestris and picea abies grown under four different seedling cultivation systems were assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and isolation methods. roots were morphotyped using two approaches: (1) 10% of the whole root system from 30 seedlings of each species and (2) 20 randomly selected tips per plant from 300 seedlings of each species. the first approach yielded 15 morphotypes, the second yielded 27, including 18 new morphotypes. the overall community ... | 2005 | 16177926 |
| habitat factors associated with bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and concomitant hantavirus in northern sweden. | puumala virus (puuv), genus hantavirus, causes nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. in this study, bank voles, the natural reservoir of puuv, were captured at locations of previous human puuv exposure and paired controls within a region of high incidence in northern sweden. the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the abundance of bank voles and the occurrence of puuv. the total number of voles and the numbe ... | 2005 | 16417427 |
| morphological-anatomical characterization and molecular identification of tomentella stuposa ectomycorrhizae and related anatomotypes. | species in the genus tomentella (thelephoraceae) belong to the most frequent and widespread ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi found in temperate and boreal forests. although several unidentified tomentelloid morphotypes have been presented as common members of em communities in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, few tomentelloid em have been identified and described in detail. in this study, ten tomentelloid em isolates collected from populus alba, quercus cerris and picea abies stands in hungary and ... | 2005 | 15517422 |
| species-specific allometric scaling under self-thinning: evidence from long-term plots in forest stands. | experimental plots covering a 120 years' observation period in unthinned, even-aged pure stands of common beech (fagus sylvatica), norway spruce (picea abies), scots pine (pinus sylvestris), and common oak (quercus petraea) are used to scrutinize reineke's (1933) empirically derived stand density rule [see text], n=tree number per unit area, [see text]=mean stem diameter), yoda's (1963) self-thinning law based on euclidian geometry ([see text] [see text]=mean biomass per tree), and basic assumpt ... | 2006 | 16247620 |
| kutznerides 1-4, depsipeptides from the actinomycete kutzneria sp. 744 inhabiting mycorrhizal roots of picea abies seedlings. | bioassay-guided fractionation of culture supernatants of the actinomycete kutzneria sp. 744 resulted in the isolation of four new depsipeptides (1-4). structure analysis revealed the general structure: cyclo[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-d-glycine-(2s,3ar,8as)-6,7-dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid-3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid-o-methyl-l-serine-l-piperazic acid-(s)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid]. the 3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid was present as its threo-i ... | 2006 | 16441076 |
| treatment of log yard run-off by irrigation of grass and willows. | log yard run-off is a potential environmental risk, among other things because it creates an oxygen deficiency in receiving watercourses. this study was conducted to investigate the purification efficiency of soil-plant systems with couchgrass (elymus repens) and willows (salix sp.) when intensively irrigated with run-off from an open sprinkling system at a norway spruce (picea abies) log yard. the purification efficiency was determined both at the field scale (couchgrass) and in 68-l lysimeters ... | 2006 | 15996802 |
| anatomical-based defense responses of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stems to two fungal pathogens. | we investigated the cellular responses of stem tissues of mature scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees to inoculations with two fungal pathogens. the bark beetle vectored fungus, leptographium wingfieldii morelet, induced longer lesions in the bark, stronger swelling of polyphenolic parenchyma cells, more polyphenol accumulation and increased ray parenchyma activity compared with the root rot fungus, heterobasidion annosum (fr.) bref., or mechanical wounding. axial resin ducts in the xylem are ... | 2006 | 16356912 |
| cloning, characterization and localization of three novel class iii peroxidases in lignifying xylem of norway spruce (picea abies). | plant class iii peroxidases (poxs) take part in the formation of lignin and maturation of plant cell walls. however, only a few examples of such peroxidases from gymnosperm tree species with highly lignified xylem tracheids have been implicated so far. we report here cdna cloning of three xylem-expressed class iii peroxidase encoding genes from norway spruce (picea abies). the translated proteins, px1, px2 and px3, contain the conserved amino acids required for heme-binding and peroxidase cataly ... | 2006 | 16897487 |
| [pollen assemblage and palaeo-vegetation of late holocene fen in dunhua of jilin province]. | based on the study of pollen, stratum and 14c dating of daqiao fen in dunhua of jilin province, four pollen zones were distinguished, i.e., pinus-picea-abies assemblage (2195 +/- 70 to appromimately 2045 +/- 70 b. p., carex-pinus-betulacorylus-juglans assemblage (2045 +/- 70 to appromimately 1745 +/- 70 b.p.), pinus-corylus-carpinus-carex-ranunculus assemblage (1745 +/- 70 to appromimately 705 +/- 70 b.p.), and pinus-picea-abies-betula-carex assemblage (705 +/- 70 to appromimately 1950 ad). the ... | 2006 | 16706037 |
| diurnal and seasonal variability in radial distribution of sap flux density: implications for estimating stand transpiration. | daily and seasonal patterns in radial distribution of sap flux density were monitored in six trees differing in social position in a mixed coniferous stand dominated by silver fir (abies alba miller) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) in the alps of northeastern italy. radial distribution of sap flux was measured with arrays of 1-cm-long granier probes. the radial profiles were either gaussian or decreased monotonically toward the tree center, and seemed to be related to social position ... | 2006 | 16740497 |
| fine root biomass, necromass and chemistry during seven years of elevated aluminium concentrations in the soil solution of a middle-aged picea abies stand. | toxic effects of aluminium (al) on picea abies (l.) karst. (norway spruce) trees are well documented in laboratory-scale experiments, but field-based evidence is scarce. this paper presents results on fine root growth and chemistry from a field manipulation experiment in a p. abies stand that was 45 years old when the experiment started in 1996. different amounts of dissolved aluminium were added as alcl3 by means of periodic irrigation during the growing season in the period 1997-2002. potentia ... | 2006 | 16806407 |
| vertical and horizontal water redistribution in norway spruce (picea abies) roots in the moravian upland. | hydraulic redistribution (hr) by roots of large norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees was investigated by means of sap flow measurements made with the heat field deformation method. irrigation was applied to a limited portion of the root system to steepen gradients of water potential in the soil and thus enhance rates of hr. on completion of the sap flow measurements, and to aid in their interpretation, the structure of the root system of seven of the investigated trees was exposed to a ... | 2006 | 16815830 |
| genetic diversity of naturally established ectomycorrhizal fungi on norway spruce seedlings under nursery conditions. | we have assessed ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing norway spruce (picea abies l.) seedlings in nine forest nurseries using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequencing analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (its1-5.8s-its2) amplicons. restriction analysis of the amplified dna fragments with hinfi, mboi, and taqi enzymes allowed the definition of 17 rflp genotypes; five of them could be unambiguously assigned to thelephora terrestris, hebeloma longicaudum, h. crustuliniform ... | 2006 | 16826321 |
| [genetic control of isozymes in european spruces (picea abies (l) karst) of the ukrainian carpathian mountains]. | genetical control of the enzymes got, gdh, dia, mdh, sod, fdh, adh, acp and lap has been studied in nine natural carpathian populations of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) using polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis and analysis of isozyme variability in 346 trees. seventy one allel products of 20 gene loci have been clearly established. segregation analysis of the revealed allele variants confirms their monogenic inheritance. | 2006 | 16865984 |
| white pine weevil (pissodes strobi) biological performance is unaffected by the jasmonic acid or wound-induced defense response in norway spruce (picea abies). | in eastern canada, the white pine weevil (pissodes strobi peck) is a pest of several native pine and spruce species and of the introduced species, norway spruce (picea abies karst). we evaluated the feeding activities, oviposition and rate of adult emergence of white pine weevil on field-grown norway spruce subjected to jasmonic acid or wounding pretreatments. we also monitored the host-plant reaction to white pine weevil attack, jasmonic acid and wounding treatments by quantifying several mono- ... | 2006 | 16877323 |
| polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine and spruce shoots-temporal trends and spatial distribution. | in the framework of the german environmental specimen bank one-year old spruce shoots (picea abies) and pine shoots (pinus sylvestris) serve as bioindicators for the atmospheric pollution. sampling is performed in two urbanized areas in western and eastern germany (warndt and duebener heide, respectively), and in seven different rural locations. prior to archiving conifer shoots are continuously analyzed for a set of 17 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). the results from the two ... | 2006 | 16896464 |
| testing the unifying theory of ozone sensitivity with mature trees of fagus sylvatica and picea abies. | the broad range in plant responses to chronic o(3) exposure compels a search for integrative, underlying principles. one such approach is the unifying theory proposed by reich (1987), which combines the o(3) response of contrasting physiognomic classes of plants on the basis of their intrinsic leaf diffusive conductance and, hence, capacity for o(3) uptake. physiognomic classes differ in the proportional decline in photosynthesis and growth when compared on the basis of cumulative o(3) exposure ... | 2006 | 16877324 |
| effects of red, far-red and blue light in maintaining growth in latitudinal populations of norway spruce (picea abies). | seedlings of trees with a free growth pattern cease growth when night-lengths become shorter than a critical value, and this critical night-length (cnl) decreases with increasing latitude of origin. in northern populations, the light quality also appears to play an important role and a clinal variation in requirement for far-red (fr) light has been documented. in this study we dissected the light quality requirements for maintaining growth in different latitudinal populations of norway spruce (p ... | 2006 | 17080632 |
| wood-inhabiting fungal communities in woody debris of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), as reflected by sporocarps, mycelial isolations and t-rflp identification. | wood-inhabiting fungi play a key role in forest ecosystems and constitute an essential part of forest biodiversity. we therefore examined the composition and abundance of wood-inhabiting fungi by three methods: sporocarp counts, mycelial culturing and direct amplification of internal transcribed spacer terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism from wood combined with sequencing of reference rdna. seven-year-old slash piles left after a thinning were analyzed in a 50-year-old norway spruc ... | 2006 | 16420615 |
| monolignol oxidation by xylem peroxidase isoforms of norway spruce (picea abies) and silver birch (betula pendula). | we partially purified peroxidase isoform fractions from xylem extracts of a gymnosperm, norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), and an angiosperm, silver birch (betula pendula roth.), to determine the participation of xylem-localized peroxidases in polymerization of different types of lignin in vivo. several peroxidase fractions varying in isoelectric point values from acidic to basic were tested for their ability to catalyze the oxidation of the monolignols coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol a ... | 2006 | 16452074 |
| effect of thawing time, cooling rate and boron nutrition on freezing point of the primordial shoot in norway spruce buds. | effects of cooling rates on bud frost hardiness have been studied but there is little information on bud responses to thawing. since the cell wall pore size has been found to increase with boron (b) deficiency, b deficiency may affect the supercooling ability of buds in winter. | 2006 | 16464880 |
| diterpene resin acid biosynthesis in loblolly pine (pinus taeda): functional characterization of abietadiene/levopimaradiene synthase (pttps-las) cdna and subcellular targeting of pttps-las and abietadienol/abietadienal oxidase (ptao, cyp720b1). | diterpene resin acids are prominent defense compounds against insect pests and pathogens in conifers. biochemical and molecular analyses in grand fir (abies grandis), norway spruce (picea abies), and loblolly pine (pinus taeda) have identified two classes of genes and enzymes that generate much of the structural diversity of terpenoid defense compounds: the terpenoid synthases (tps) and cytochrome p450 monooxgenases (p450). using a single substrate, geranylgeranyl diphosphate, families of single ... | 2006 | 16497345 |
| long-term exposure to enhanced uv-b radiation has no significant effects on growth or secondary compounds of outdoor-grown scots pine and norway spruce seedlings. | the effects of long-term enhanced uv-b radiation on growth and secondary compounds of two conifer species were studied in an outdoor experiment. scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings were exposed for two growing seasons and norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings for three growing seasons to supplemental uv-b radiation, corresponding to a 30% increase in ambient uv-b radiation. the experiment also included appropriate controls for ambient and increased uv-a radiation. enhanced uv-b did not affec ... | 2006 | 16515828 |
| vertical distribution of an ectomycorrhizal community in upper soil horizons of a young norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) stand of the bavarian limestone alps. | the vertical niche differentiation of genera of ectomycorrhiza (ecm) was assessed in a 17-year-old norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) plantation on a mountainous dolomitic site (1,050 m above sea level) of the bavarian limestone alps. we determined ecm anatomotypes, recorded the abundance of corresponding ecm root tips and classified them into groups of ecm exploration types, which refer to the organisation and the extent of their extramatrical mycelia. the abundance of ecm was highest in t ... | 2006 | 16518613 |
| intra-annual radial growth and water relations of trees: implications towards a growth mechanism. | there is a missing link between tree physiological and wood-anatomical knowledge which makes it impossible mechanistically to explain and predict the radial growth of individual trees from climate data. empirical data of microclimatic factors, intra-annual growth rates, and tree-specific ratios between actual and potential transpiration (t pet(-1)) of trees of three species (quercus pubescens, pinus sylvestris, and picea abies) at two dry sites in the central wallis, switzerland, were recorded f ... | 2006 | 16556628 |
| a comparative analysis of simulated and observed photosynthetic co2 uptake in two coniferous forest canopies. | gross canopy photosynthesis (p(g)) can be simulated with canopy models or retrieved from turbulent carbon dioxide (co2) flux measurements above the forest canopy. we compare the two estimates and illustrate our findings with two case studies. we used the three-dimensional canopy model maestra to simulate p(g) of two spruce forests differing in age and structure. model parameter acquisition and model sensitivity to selected model parameters are described, and modeled results are compared with ind ... | 2006 | 16585031 |
| population genetic analysis of phialocephala fortinii s.l. and acephala applanata in two undisturbed forests in switzerland and evidence for new cryptic species. | the genetic structure of the root endophytes phialocephala fortinii s.l. and acephala applanata was analyzed in two undisturbed forests. a total of 606 strains isolated from surface-sterilized, fine roots of picea abies and vaccinium myrtillus were examined. two new cryptic species of p. fortinii were recognized and host specialization of a. applanata was confirmed. this species was almost exclusively isolated from roots of p. abies. the index of association did not deviate significantly from ze ... | 2006 | 16631398 |
| tree species effects on decomposition and forest floor dynamics in a common garden. | we studied the effects of tree species on leaf litter decomposition and forest floor dynamics in a common garden experiment of 14 tree species (abies alba, acer platanoides, acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, carpinus betulus, fagus sylvatica, larix decidua, picea abies, pinus nigra, pinus sylvestris, pseudotsuga menziesii, quercus robur, quercus rubra, and tilia cordata) in southwestern poland. we used three simultaneous litter bag experiments to tease apart species effects on decomposition v ... | 2006 | 16995629 |
| methyl jasmonate treatment of mature norway spruce (picea abies) trees increases the accumulation of terpenoid resin components and protects against infection by ceratocystis polonica, a bark beetle-associated fungus. | when conifers such as picea abies karst. (norway spruce) are attacked by insects or pathogens, they often respond by producing increased quantities of terpenoid oleoresin. this response can be mimicked in young p. abies seedlings by treatment with methyl jasmonate (mj). in this study, we determined the effects of mj on terpenoids and other chemical defenses of mature p. abies, and investigated whether this treatment protected trees against attack by the blue-stain fungus ceratocystis polonica (s ... | 2006 | 16651247 |
| frost drought in conifers at the alpine timberline: xylem dysfunction and adaptations. | drought stress can cause xylem embolism in trees when the water potential (psi) in the xylem falls below specific vulnerability thresholds. at the alpine timberline, frost drought is known to cause excessive winter embolism unless xylem vulnerability or transpiration is sufficiently reduced to avoid critical psi. we compared annual courses of psi and embolism in picea abies, pinus cembra, pinus mugo, larix decidua, and juniperus communis growing at the timberline vs. low altitude. in addition, v ... | 2006 | 17249241 |
| effects of clear-cutting and soil preparation on natural 15n abundance in the soil and needles of two boreal conifer tree species. | this study presents the impacts of clear-cutting and site preparation on soil and needle 15n-fractionation of scots pine (pinus sylvestris, l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.), karst). three microsites on different methods of site preparation were used: (i) mound (broken o/e/b horizons piled upside down over undisturbed humus), (ii) deep (exposed c-horizon) and (iii) shallow (exposed e/b horizon). we found significant differences between species, between closed forest and clear-cuts as well ... | 2006 | 17090488 |
| screening analyses of pinosylvin stilbenes, resin acids and lignans in norwegian conifers. | the content and distribution of stilbenes and resin acids in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea abies), sampled in central norway, have been examined. the contents of pinosylvin stilbenes in pine heartwood/living knots were 0.2-2/2-8 %(w/w). no stilbenes could be detected in spruce (picea abies). the resin acid contents of pine sapwood/heartwood and knots were 1-4 and 5-10 % (w/w), respectively. minor amounts of resin acids (<0.2/<0.04 %w/w) were identified in spruce wood/knots. the ... | 2006 | 17962750 |
| effects of metal-contaminated soil on the performance of young trees growing in model ecosystems under field conditions. | young populus tremula, salix viminalis, betula pendula and picea abies trees were grown together in large open-top chambers. the treatments were: without or with (cu/zn/cd/pb=640/3000/10/90 mg kg-1) metal contamination in the topsoil, irrigation ph 3.5 or 5.5, and acidic or calcareous subsoil. growth, metal allocation to foliage and wood, as well as leaf gas exchange were measured. biomass was reduced in p. tremula and b. pendula by the metal-contaminated topsoil relative to uncontaminated topso ... | 2006 | 16540218 |
| wound-induced terpene synthase gene expression in sitka spruce that exhibit resistance or susceptibility to attack by the white pine weevil. | we analyzed the expression pattern of various terpene synthase (tps) genes in response to a wounding injury applied to the apical leader of sitka spruce (picea sitchensis bong. carr.) genotypes known to be resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to white pine weevil (pissodes strobi peck.) attack. the purpose was to test if differences in constitutive or wound-induced tps expression can be associated with established weevil resistance. all wounding treatments were conducted on 9-year-old r and s trees ... | 2006 | 16415217 |
| expression and molecular properties of a new laccase of the white rot fungus phlebia radiata grown on wood. | laccases are phenol-oxidizing, multicopper enzymes produced by fungi, plants, insects and bacteria. fungal laccases are involved in ecologically important processes such as decomposition of lignocellulose (wood and plant material). in this work, in order to find out the role of fungal laccases upon wood colonisation and lignin decay, we describe expression of laccase-encoding genes in the white rot basidiomycete phlebia radiata 79, when the fungus grows on its natural substrates, that is on soft ... | 2006 | 16927090 |
| stem breakage of trees and energy dissipation during rockfall impacts. | the capacity of individual trees to dissipate the energy released by rockfalls has previously only been quantified based on data obtained from static tree-pulling tests or from dynamic impact tests on wood samples. we predicted that these data are not representative of the maximum amount of energy that can be dissipated by living trees during rockfall impacts. to test this prediction, we carried out rockfall experiments on a forested slope in the french alps. to calculate the rock's energy befor ... | 2006 | 16203715 |
| efficient extraction of proteins from woody plant samples for two-dimensional electrophoresis. | protein extraction from plant samples is usually challenging due to the low protein content and high level of contaminants. therefore, the 2-de pattern resolution is strongly influenced by the procedure of sample preparation. efficient solubilization of proteins strictly depends on the chaotrope and detergent in the extraction buffer. despite the large number of detergents that have been developed for the use in protein extraction and ief, there is no single compound able to efficiently extract ... | 2006 | 16791823 |
| combining delta 13 c and delta 18 o analyses to unravel competition, co2 and o3 effects on the physiological performance of different-aged trees. | combined delta(13)c and delta(18)o analyses of leaf material were used to infer changes in photosynthetic capacity (a(max)) and stomatal conductance (g(l)) in fagus sylvatica and picea abies trees growing under natural and controlled conditions. correlation between g(l) and delta(18)o in leaf cellulose (delta(18)o(cel)) allowed us to apply a semi-quantitative model to infer g(l) from delta(18)o(cel) and also interpret variation in delta(13)c as reflecting variation in a(max). extraction of leaf ... | 2007 | 17617829 |
| exemplifying whole-plant ozone uptake in adult forest trees of contrasting species and site conditions. | whole-tree o3 uptake was exemplified for picea abies, fagus sylvatica and larix decidua in stands at high and low altitude and contrasting water availability through sap flow measurement in tree trunks, intrinsically accounting for drought and boundary layer effects on o3 flux. o3 uptake of evergreen spruce per unit foliage area was enhanced by 100% at high relative to low elevation, whereas deciduous beech and larch showed similar uptake regardless of altitude. the responsiveness of the canopy ... | 2007 | 16996178 |
| shoot growth of mature fagus sylvatica and picea abies in relation to ozone. | epidemiological analysis of sequential growth data may be a tool in assessing ozone sensitivity of mature trees. annual shoot growth of mature fagus sylvatica in 83 swiss permanent forest observation plots and of picea abies in 61 plots was evaluated for 11 and 8 consecutive years, respectively, using branches harvested every 4 years. the data were assessed as annual deviation from average growth and related to fructification, ozone, meteorological parameters, and modelled soil water content usi ... | 2007 | 16793183 |
| acclimation of leaves to contrasting irradiance in juvenile trees differing in shade tolerance. | leaves developing in different irradiances undergo structural and functional acclimation, although the extent of trait plasticity is species specific. we tested the hypothesis that irradiance-induced plasticity of photosynthetic and anatomical traits is lower in highly shade-tolerant species than in moderately shade-tolerant species. seedlings of two evergreen conifers, shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and moderately shade-tolerant picea abies karst., and two deciduous angiosperm species, highly ... | 2007 | 17545129 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection characterization of delta5-polyenoic fatty acids in triacylglycerols from conifer seed oils. | edible conifer seeds can serve as a source of triacylglycerols (tgs) with unusual delta5 unsaturated polymethylene interrupted fatty acids (upifas), such as cis-5,9-octadecadienoic (taxoleic), cis-5,9,12-octadecatrienoic (pinolenic), cis-5,11-eicosadienoic (keteleeronic) and cis-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acids (sciadonic). conifer seed oils from european larch (larix decidua), norway spruce (picea abies) and european silver fir (abies alba) have been analyzed by non-aqueous reversed-phase high-perf ... | 2007 | 17307191 |
| arabidopsis irregular xylem8 and irregular xylem9: implications for the complexity of glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. | mutations of arabidopsis thaliana irregular xylem8 (irx8) and irx9 were previously shown to cause a collapsed xylem phenotype and decreases in xylose and cellulose in cell walls. in this study, we characterized irx8 and irx9 and performed chemical and structural analyses of glucuronoxylan (gx) from irx8 and irx9 plants. irx8 and irx9 are expressed specifically in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, and their encoded proteins are targeted to the golgi, where gx is synthesized. 1h-nmr spec ... | 2007 | 17322407 |
| wood-decay fungi in fine living roots of conifer seedlings. | the mycorrhizal basidiomycetes are known to have multiple, independent evolutionary origins from saprotrophic ancestors. to date, a number of studies have revealed functional resemblance of mycorrhizal fungi to free-living saprotrophs, but information on the ability of saprotrophic fungi to perform as mycorrhizal symbionts is scarce. here, the objective was to investigate the ability of three wood-decay fungi, phlebiopsis gigantea, phlebia centrifuga and hypholoma fasciculare, to colonize fine r ... | 2007 | 17388906 |
| network formation by rhizomorphs of armillaria lutea in natural soil: their description and ecological significance. | armillaria lutea rhizomorphs in soil were mapped over areas of 25 m2 at a pinus nigra (site i) and a picea abies (site ii) plantation. rhizomorph density was 4.3 and 6.1 m m(-2) soil surface with 84% and 48% of the total rhizomorph length in the mapped area interconnected in a network at site i and site ii, respectively. at site i there were only two network attachments to pinus stumps, but at site ii many more to picea roots and stumps. anastomoses of rhizomorphs resulted in cyclic paths, parts ... | 2007 | 17645531 |
| temporal trends and spatial distribution of pcdd, pcdf, and pcb in pine and spruce shoots. | in germany, there is a lack of consistent and comparable data for the time dependent behaviour and spatial distribution of dioxin-like and indicator pcb in ambient air, deposition and plants. the aim of this study was to improve the data on pcdd/pcdf, dioxin-like pcb and non dioxin-like pcb in spruce and pine shoots from different locations and years by retrospective monitoring. the survey was conducted with archived samples of one-year old spruce shoots (picea abies) and pine shoots (pinus sylv ... | 2007 | 17222447 |
| growth responses to climate in a multi-species tree-ring network in the western carpathian tatra mountains, poland and slovakia. | we analyzed growth responses to climate of 24 tree-ring width and four maximum latewood density chronologies from the greater tatra region in poland and slovakia. this network comprises 1183 ring-width and 153 density measurement series from four conifer species (picea abies (l.) karst., larix decidua mill., abies alba (l.) karst., and pinus mugo (l.)) between 800 and 1550 m a.s.l. individual spline detrending was used to retain annual to multi-decadal scale climate information in the data. twen ... | 2007 | 17267360 |
| no diurnal variation in rate or carbon isotope composition of soil respiration in a boreal forest. | characterization of soil respiration rates and delta(13)c values of soil-respired co(2) are often based on measurements at a particular time of day. a study by gower et al. (2001) in a boreal forest demonstrated diurnal patterns of soil co(2) flux using transparent measurement chambers that included the understory vegetation. it is unclear whether these diurnal patterns were solely the result of photosynthetic co(2) uptake during the day by the understory or whether there were underlying trends ... | 2007 | 17267365 |
| nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. | current conceptual models predict that an increase in stress shifts interactions between plants from competitive to facilitative; hence, facilitation is expected to gain in ecological importance with increasing stress. little is known about how facilitative interactions between plants change with increasing biotic stress, such as that incurred by consumer pressure or herbivory (i.e. disturbance sensu grime). in grazed ecosystems, the presence of unpalatable plants is reported to protect tree sap ... | 2007 | 17279351 |
| temperature-respiration relationships differ in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems of picea abies (l.) karst. | root respiration has been shown to increase with temperature, but less is known about how this relationship is affected by the fungal partner in mycorrhizal root systems. in order to test respiratory temperature dependence, in particular q (10) of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal root systems, seedlings of picea abies (l.) karst. (norway spruce) were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus piloderma croceum (eriksson and hjortstam, sr430; synonym: piloderma fallax: [libert] stalpers) and plant ... | 2007 | 17301933 |
| purification, characterization, and molecular gene cloning of an antifungal protein from ginkgo biloba seeds. | a novel basic protein with antifungal activity was isolated from the seeds of ginkgo biloba and purified to homogeneity. the protein inhibited the growth of some fungi (fusarium oxysporum, trichoderma reesei, and candida albicans) but did not exhibit antibacterial action against escherichia coli. furthermore, this protein showed weak inhibitory activity against the aspartic protease pepsin. to design primers for gene amplification, the nh(2)-terminal and partial internal amino acid sequences wer ... | 2007 | 17338634 |
| significance of ozone exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and norway spruce (picea abies l.) trees in a mixed forest stand. | the influence of long-term free-air ozone fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total glutathione, its redox state, non-structural proteins (nsp), soluble amino compounds, and total soluble sugars in old-growth beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) trees were determined over a period of five years. ozone fumigation had weak effects on the analysed metabolites of both tree species and significant changes in the contents of total glutathione, nsp, and soluble sugars were ob ... | 2007 | 17357017 |
| element contents in leaves of four plant species (birch, mountain ash, fern and spruce) along anthropogenic and geogenic concentration gradients. | forty samples each of leaves of birch (betula pubescens ehrh.), european mountain ash (sorbus aucuparia (l.)) and bracken fern (pteridium aquilinum (l.) kuhn) as well as spruce needles (picea abies (l.) karsten) were collected along a 120 km south-north transect running through norway's largest city, oslo. concentrations of 25 chemical elements (ag, au, b, ba, ca, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, k, la, mg, mn, mo, na, ni, p, pb, s, sb, sr, ti, and zn) as well as loss on ignition for the 4 sample materia ... | 2007 | 17379275 |
| complex analytical approach to characterization of the influence of carbon dioxide concentration on carbohydrate composition in norway spruce needles. | water-soluble non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) in the needles of norway spruce picea abies [l.] karst have been studied by using a combination of several separation techniques, having various detectors, with mass spectrometry. the intent was to find a suitable methodology that enables the characterization and determination of nsc, covering a wide range of molar masses, and being suitable to assess how ncs are influenced by both external conditions, e.g. different carbon dioxide (co(2)) concent ... | 2007 | 17382335 |
| the effect of stand age on throughfall chemistry in spruce stands in the potok dupniañski catchment in the silesian beskid mountains, southern poland. | the chemical composition of throughfall depends on the age of the norway spruce (picea abies karst) stands and season of the year. the ph of throughfall decreased and the amount of hydrogen ion in throughfall deposited to the soil increased with increasing age of spruce stands, especially in the winter season. concentrations of k+, h+, so4(2-), mn2+, and nh4(+) in throughfall were higher than bulk precipitation for the whole year and k+, h+, and mn2+ concentrations were higher in throughfall in ... | 2007 | 17450296 |
| fungi and wind strongly influence the temporal availability of logs in an old-growth spruce forest. | coarse woody debris (cwd) is a key habitat for many species in forest ecosystems. to ensure the long-term survival of such species, forest management regimes must include measures that promote dead wood dynamics similar to those of natural forests. thus, information on cwd dynamics under natural conditions is required, including data pertaining to the underlying agents of disturbance. this study examines modes of mortality, decay rates, and temporal patterns in the availability of picea abies lo ... | 2007 | 17489254 |
| antibacterial effects of home-made resin salve from norway spruce (picea abies). | resin salve made from norway spruce (picea abies) is traditionally used in folk medicine to heal skin ulcers and infected wounds. its antimicrobial properties were studied against certain human bacteria important in infected skin wounds. the sensitivity of the resin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied in vitro by methods that are routinely used in microbiology laboratories. the resin salve exhibited a bacteriostatic effect against all tested gram-positive bacteria but on ... | 2007 | 17504300 |
| suppression of plant defence response by a mycorrhiza helper bacterium. | the aim of the present study was to determine whether the mycorrhiza helper bacterium streptomyces sp. ach 505 could serve as a biocontrol agent against heterobasidion root and butt rot. bacterial influence on mycelial growth of heterobasidion sp. isolates, on the colonization of wood discs and norway spruce (picea abies) roots was determined. the effect of ach 505 on plant photosynthesis, peroxidase activity and gene expression, and needle infections were investigated. ach 505 was antagonistic ... | 2007 | 17504470 |
| estrogenic activity of 7-hydroxymatairesinol potassium acetate (hmr/lignan) from norway spruce (picea abies) knots and of its active metabolite enterolactone in mcf-7 cells. | lignans are plant polyphenols which may possess anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. in particular, the lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (hmr/lignan, hmr) is a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone (el). in the present study, we investigated the estrogenicity of hmr and of el in comparison to estradiol (e2), by measuring their effects on growth and apoptotic markers in the human estrogen-sensitive cell line mcf-7. hmr, el and e2 c ... | 2007 | 17572100 |
| cloning and characterization of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases with farnesyl diphosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase activity from norway spruce (picea abies) and their relation to induced oleoresin formation. | the conifer picea abies (norway spruce) employs terpenoid-based oleoresins as part of its constitutive and induced defense responses to herbivores and pathogens. the isoprenyl diphosphate synthases are branch-point enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis leading to the various terpene classes. we isolated three genes encoding isoprenyl diphosphate synthases from p. abies cdna libraries prepared from the bark and wood of methyl jasmonate-treated saplings and screened via a homology-based pcr approach u ... | 2007 | 17624381 |
| pronounced ecological separation between two closely related lineages of the polyporous fungus gloeoporus taxicola. | gloeoporus taxicola is a saprotrophic polypore that produces annual fruit bodies, in scandinavia exclusively on coniferous wood. in this study, we demonstrate the existence of two ecotypes of g. taxicola in norway; a coastal lowland form fruiting on dead logs and dying branches of standing pinus sylvestris, and a highland form largely fruiting on trunks of picea abies in moist, old-growth forests. thus, a distinct ecological separation has happened between the two forms both concerning substrate ... | 2007 | 17590324 |
| functional identification and differential expression of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase in induced terpenoid resin formation of norway spruce (picea abies). | conifers produce terpenoid-based oleoresins as constitutive and inducible defenses against herbivores and pathogens. much information is available about the genes and enzymes of the late steps of oleoresin terpenoid biosynthesis in conifers, but almost nothing is known about the early steps which proceed via the methylerythritol phosphate (mep) pathway. here we report the cdna cloning and functional identification of three norway spruce (picea abies) genes encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate ... | 2007 | 17687625 |
| afforestation of abandoned farmland with conifer seedlings inoculated with three ectomycorrhizal fungi - impact on plant performance and ectomycorrhizal community. | the aim of a 3-year study was to investigate whether inoculation of pinus sylvestris l. and picea abies (l.) karst. seedlings with mycorrhizas of cenococcum geophilum fr., piceirhiza bicolorata, and hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull.) quel. has any impact on: 1) survival and growth of outplanted seedlings on abandoned agricultural land, and 2) subsequent mycorrhizal community development. for inoculation, the root system of each plant was wrapped in a filter paper containing mycelium, overlaid with ... | 2007 | 17277941 |
| fine root morphological adaptations in scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch along a latitudinal gradient in boreal forests. | variability in short root morphology of the three main tree species of europe's boreal forest (norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth)) was investigated in four stands along a latitudinal gradient from northern finland to southern estonia. silver birch and scots pine were present in three stands and norway spruce was present in all stands. for three fertile norway spruce stands, fine root biomass and number of root tips per s ... | 2007 | 17669752 |
| interactions between extraradical ectomycorrhizal mycelia, microbes associated with the mycelia and growth rate of norway spruce (picea abies) clones. | despite their ecological relevance, field studies of the extraradical mycelia of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi are rare. here we examined in situ interactions between ecm mycelia and host vigour. ectomycorrhizal mycelia were harvested with in-growth mesh bags buried under norway spruce (picea abies) clones planted in 1994 in a randomized block design. mycelial biomass was determined and fungal species were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and sequencing of the internal ... | 2007 | 17286828 |
| types of ectomycorrhiza as pollution stress indicators: case studies in slovenia. | mycorrhiza is the main spatial and temporal linkage between different constituents in a forest ecosystem. the functional compatibility and stress tolerance of ectomycorrhizal types is species specific, and therefore the information on the ectomycorrhizal community structure can add to the understanding of processes in forest ecosystems and can also be applied as tools for bioindication of pollution stress in forest soils. we have studied the effects of pollution (n and s) on trees and forest soi ... | 2007 | 17057951 |
| the trophic structure of bark-living oribatid mite communities analysed with stable isotopes ((15)n, (13)c) indicates strong niche differentiation. | the aim of the present study was to identify food sources of bark-living oribatid mites to investigate if trophic niche differentiation contributes to the diversity of bark living oribatida. we measured the natural variation in stable isotope ratios ((15)n/(14)n, (13)c/(12)c) in oribatid mites from the bark of oak (quercus robur), beech (fagus sylvatica), spruce (picea abies) and pine (pinus sylvestris) trees and their potential food sources, i.e., the covering vegetation of the bark (bryophytes ... | 2007 | 17333459 |
| liquid medium and liquid overlays improve embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers. | somatic embryogenesis (se) is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and uniformity of future us forests. for commercial use, se technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. initiation in loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.), the main commercial us forest species, is often recalcitrant for desirable genotypes. liquid initiation medium with no or low gelling agent or placement of the explant on gelled medium followed later by a liquid medium ... | 2007 | 17235557 |
| anchorage of mature conifers: resistive turning moment, root-soil plate geometry and root growth orientation. | eighty-four mature norway spruce (picea abies l. karst), silver fir (abies alba mill) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were winched over to determine the maximum resistive turning moment (m(a)) of the root-soil system, the root-soil plate geometry, the azimuthal orientation of root growth, and the occurrence of root rot. the calculation of m(a), based on digital image tracking of stem deflection, accounted not only for the force application and its changing geometry, but also for the w ... | 2007 | 17545122 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci affecting virulence in the basidiomycete heterobasidion annosum s.l. | identification of virulence factors of phytopathogens is important for the fundamental understanding of infection and disease progress in plants and for the development of control strategies. we have identified quantitative trait loci (qtl) for virulence on 1-year-old pinus sylvestris and 2-year-old picea abies seedlings and positioned them on a genetic linkage map of the necrotrophic phytopathogen heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.), a major root rot pathogen on conifers. the virulence of ... | 2007 | 17569047 |
| [characteristics of morphogenesis and growth processes of conifers in the chernobyl nuclear accident zone]. | in the article we present data on the study of morphogenesis and of growth processes of scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and of norwey spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) vegetative organs after radiation exposure in the chernobyl nuclear accident zone. the anomalies in morphogenesis processes at different absorbed doses are described in detail. it is established that the death of pine forest began under absorbed dose 80-100 gy and more, mass yellowing of needles at 50-60 gy, and maximal morphosis ... | 2007 | 17571730 |
| using simple causal modeling to understand how water and temperature affect daily stem radial variation in trees. | variation in tree stem diameter results from reversible shrinking and swelling and irreversible radial growth, all processes that are influenced by tree water status. to assess the causal effects of water and temperature on stem radial variation (deltar) and maximum daily shrinkage (mds), the diurnal cycle was divided into three phases: contraction, expansion and stem radius increment. diurnal cycles were measured during 1996-2004 in picea abies (l.) karst., pinus cembra l. and larix decidua mil ... | 2007 | 17472939 |
| induction of photosynthesis and importance of limitations during the induction phase in sun and shade leaves of five ecologically contrasting tree species from the temperate zone. | we examined the principal differences in photosynthetic characteristics between sun and shade foliage and determined the relative importance of biochemical and stomatal limitations during photosynthetic induction. temperate-zone broadleaf and conifer tree species, ranging widely in shade tolerance, were investigated from one locality in the czech republic. the study species included strongly shade-tolerant abies alba mill. and tilia cordata mill., less shade-tolerant fagus sylvatica l. and acer ... | 2007 | 17472946 |
| [genetic structure of populations of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) from ukrainian carpathians]. | the genetic diversity, subdivision, and differentiation of nine populations of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) in ukrainian carpathians were studied using electrophoretic analysis of variability of enzyme systems in 346 trees aged from 80 to 150 years. based on electrophoretic fractionation of enzymes extracted from seed endosperms in vertical slabs of 7.5% polyacrylamide gel, 20 loci of nine enzyme systems (adh, acp, dia, gdh, got, mdh, lap, fdh, sod) were identified, and 71 allele vari ... | 2007 | 18592689 |
| functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae). | with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ... | 2008 | 18653644 |
| climatic control of bud burst in young seedlings of nine provenances of norway spruce. | detailed knowledge of temperature effects on the timing of dormancy development and bud burst will help evaluate the impacts of climate change on forest trees. we tested the effects of temperature applied during short-day treatment, duration of short-day treatment, duration of chilling and light regime applied during forcing on the timing of bud burst in 1- and 2-year-old seedlings of nine provenances of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.). high temperature during dormancy induction, little ... | 2008 | 18055441 |
| mollusc grazing may constrain the ecological niche of the old forest lichen pseudocyphellaria crocata. | this study reports on mollusc grazing of two epiphytic cyanobacterial lichens (pseudocyphellaria crocata and lobaria pulmonaria) transplanted within three picea abies-dominated boreal rain forest stands (clear-cut, young and old forests) in west central norway. grazing was particularly high in transplants located in the old forest and was almost absent in clear-cut transplants. grazing marks were absent on natural thalli on nearby spruce twigs (required creeping distance for mollusc from the gro ... | 2008 | 18950428 |
| forest microsite effects on community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedlings of picea abies and betula pendula. | niche differentiation in soil horizons, host species and natural nutrient gradients contribute to the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in boreal forests. this study aims at documenting the diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizal fungi of norway spruce (picea abies) and silver birch (betula pendula) seedlings in five most abundant microsites in three estonian old-growth forests. undisturbed forest floor, windthrow mounds and pits harboured more species than brown- and white- ... | 2008 | 18266759 |
| [water-holding characteristics of coniferous forest litters in west qinling mountains]. | by the methods of field survey and soaking extraction, the storage, water-holding capacity, water-holding rate, and water-absorption rate of the litters in larix principis-ruprechtii, larix kaempferi, picea asperate, and picea abies plantations in west qinling mountains were studied. the results showed that the litter storage in the four similar aged coniferous forests decreased in the order of p. asperate (29.81 t x hm(-2)) > p. abies (26.17 t x hm(-2)) > l. kaempferi (13.30 t x hm(-2)) > l. ru ... | 2008 | 19238830 |
| [peculiarities of population-genetic structure of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst) from ukrainian carpathians and poles'e]. | genetic differences of various populations of picea abies (l.) karst.) have been studied basing on 20 allozyme loci variability. two populations located in ukrainian carpathians (1000-1500 m above sea level) and one plain, island, and scanty population of polesrye were compared. despite their different high-altitude location, geographical remoteness and population size the very low genetic differentiation (dn = 0,003-0,005) was observed. recombination variability analysis showed that populations ... | 2008 | 19253751 |