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effect of oral administration of a variety of bacteria on depressed macrophage functions in tumour-bearing rats.in consideration of the well documented influence of normal microbial flora on the level of activation of macrophages, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of bacteria on rats with depressed macrophage functions. an oral, killed polyvalent vaccine (diplococcus pneumoniae types i, ii and iii, streptococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae), the live lyophilized streptococcus faecium and spores of bacillus subtilis, respectively, were administered orally to ...19846433774
dismutation of dihydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase.degradation of 7,8-dihydrofolate (h2folate) in the presence of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) has been shown due not to an oxygenase activity of the reductase as previously reported but to dismutation of h2folate to folate and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (h4folate). the reaction can be followed spectrophotometrically or by analysis of the reaction mixture by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the products have also been isolated and characterized. oxygen uptake during the reaction is mu ...19846433972
interaction of anti-kojibiose antibody with the lipoteichoic acids from streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium.antisera prepared in rabbits by immunization with p-aminophenyl beta-kojibioside conjugated to bovine serum albumin (antikojibiose sera), readily agglutinated whole cells of streptococcus faecalis or streptococcus faecium, and showed specific reactions with the lipoteichoic acids (ltas) of these streptococci by passive hemagglutination, microscale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. the interaction of the antikojibiose sera with the ltas was inhibited best by ko ...19846434429
species-specific irreversible inhibition of neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate reductase by a substituted 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidine.neisseria gonorrhoeae dihydrofolate reductase undergoes a time-dependent, irreversible inactivation by 2,4-diamino-5-[3,5-dimethoxy-4-(p-bromoacetamidophenoxy)benzyl] pyrimidine. the kinetics of inactivation are consistent with the reversible formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex followed by covalent binding to the enzyme. the reversible component is competitive with dihydrofolate and has an inhibitor binding constant of 10 nm. irreversible inactivation proceeds as a pseudo first-order proces ...19846434542
inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 and streptococcus mutans bht by the antibacterial agent dodecyl glycerol.dodecyl glycerol inhibits the synthesis of the peptidoglycans of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 and streptococcus mutans bht. this metabolic regulation represents the second known mode by which dodecyl glycerol expresses antibacterial activity. the first mode of action of dodecyl glycerol was shown to stimulate autolysin activity which degrades cell-wall peptidoglycan (ved hs, gustow e, mahadevan v and pieringer ra, 1984, j. biol. chem. 259, 8115-8121).19846437455
drug resistance in streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium and staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from laboratory animals.a total of 1,278 strains of streptococcus faecalis, 688 of str. faecium and 796 of staphylococcus epidermidis were collected from laboratory animals of 20 colonies in 1980, and tested for their resistance to 20 drugs. thirteen percent of str. faecalis, 12% of str. faecium and 25% of staph. epidermidis were drug resistant. multiple drug resistant organisms were frequently detected in laboratory animal colonies where antibiotic treatment had been undertaken. tc-resistant streptococci and em-resist ...19846437850
division of temperature-sensitive streptococcus faecium mutants after return to the permissive temperature.the regrowth of 27 temperature-sensitive division mutants of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 was examined after various periods of incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. several of the mutants blocked at various stages of septum formation or of daughter-cell separation divided in a partially or completely synchronous way after a short incubation at the nonpermissive temperature. all four lytic mutants blocked early in the cell division cycle divided at a normal rate after a brief lag.19846480560
the mechanism of soluble peptidoglycan hydrolysis by an autolytic muramidase. a processive exodisaccharidase.the action of purified n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase (muramidase, ec 3.2.1.17) of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 on linear, uncross-linked, soluble, peptidoglycan chains produced by the same organism in the presence of benzylpenicillin was characterized as a processive exodisaccharidase. specific labels, one [( 14c]gal) added to the nonreducing ends of chains, and the other (3h from [3h]nabh4) incorporated into the reducing ends of the chains, were used to establish that an enzyme molecule binds at ...19846480585
heat injury and recovery of streptococcus faecium associated with the souring of chub-packed luncheon meat.the presence of nacl in the heating medium provided some protection from lethal heat damage for cells of a streptococcus faecium strain isolated from luncheon meat whereas the presence of nano2 either alone or in addition to nacl, had no significant effect on cell survival. subsequent recovery and growth of heat-damaged cells was retarded by the presence of nacl. when nano2 was present in addition to nacl the inhibitory effect of the latter was reduced. these principal components of the luncheon ...19846501117
isolation and characterization of soluble peptidoglycan from several strains of streptococcus faecium.two phenotypically autolysis-deficient strains of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 were shown to produce high-molecular-weight, soluble, linear, uncross-linked peptidoglycan when incubated with benzylpenicillin in a wall medium which permits cell wall synthesis (wall thickening) but not balanced growth. this high-molecular-weight s-peptidoglycan was shown to have a molecular weight of 46,000 to 54,000, lack peptide cross-links, and be virtually devoid of accessory wall polymers. it was hydrolyzed ...19846746571
streptococcus faecium outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.an outbreak of bacteremia and meningitis in a neonatal intensive care unit is described. seven cases occurred in premature infants with severe underlying diseases. an epidemiological investigation failed to document the reservoir of the epidemic strain but suggested that its transmission among the infants was via the hands of hospital personnel. all patients had nasogastric tubes and multiple intravascular devices, and the portal of entry may have been either the gastrointestinal tract or the si ...19846520215
detergent-resistant streptococcus faecium derivatives that display conditional penicillin lysis.three spontaneous derivatives of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790, originally isolated as conditionally triton x-100 detergent-resistant at 25 degrees c, displayed normal penicillin-induced rates of lysis at 37 degrees c but substantially reduced rates of lysis and killing at 25 degrees c. the addition of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids at 25 degrees c restored wild-type penicillin lysis rates.19846565010
hydrolysis of soluble, linear, un-cross-linked peptidoglycans by endogenous bacterial n-acetylmuramoylhydrolases.soluble, linear, uncross-linked peptidoglycans, prepared from two autolysis-defective mutants of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 and from micrococcus leuteus, were used as substrates for studies of hydrolysis by an n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase (muramidase). the kinetics of hydrolysis of these substrates and the ability of the muramidases isolated from s. faecium atcc 9790 and from two autolysis-defective mutants, lyt-14 and aut-3, to carry out transglycosylation reactions were compared with the act ...19846746572
bactericidal activity of five combinations of penicillin g with aminoglycosides against streptococcus faecium.combinations of penicillin g and five aminoglycosides were tested against 7 strains of s. faecium. for all the strains that had a low-level of resistance to streptomycin, the combination of penicillin g with streptomycin was synergistic. penicillin combined with either kanamycin or netilmicin was ineffective against all strains. the combination of penicillin and amikacin was synergistic against only one of the aminoglycoside-susceptible strains and ineffective against all the other strains. peni ...19846569841
role of isomerization of initial complexes in the binding of inhibitors to dihydrofolate reductase.stopped-flow measurements of protein fluorescence quenching when methotrexate (mtx) binds to dihydrofolate reductase (isoenzyme ii) of streptococcus faecium (sfdhfr ii) analyze as the sum of two differentials: a rapid binding phase and a second phase for which the observed rate constant is independent of methotrexate concentration. analysis of variation of the ratio of the amplitude of the fast and slow phases with methotrexate concentration indicates that the second phase is an isomerization of ...19854074660
[typing of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium strains with bacteriophages].with a set of 17 bacteriophages specific for streptococcus faecalis and a set of 7 bacteriophages specific for streptococcus faecium 441 strains of s. faecalis and 53 strains of s. faecium were typed. the species identification was done by means of the api 20 strep system. for s. faecalis 22 and for s. faecium 12 lysotypes were found. among s. faecalis strains lysotype v6b was most common (27%), followed by the lysotypes xv (9,5%), xiii1 (7%), ii1 (5,7%), and i1 (4,3%). these 5 lysotypes compris ...19853936307
antibacterial activity of imipenem: the first thienamycin antibiotic.imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) is the first representative of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics--the carbapenems. imipenem has an unusually broad spectrum, high potency, and no cross-resistance with other beta-lactam antibiotics. susceptible gram-negative species include pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia, and enterobacter. activity is high against staphylococcus aureus, most group d streptococci, and staphylococcus epidermidis but is variable against methicillin-resistant s. aureus. im ...19853931196
binding of methotrexate to dihydrofolate reductase and its relation to protonation of the ligand.stopped-flow spectrophotometry and stopped-flow fluorometry have been used to study the binding of methotrexate (mtx) and 3-deazamethotrexate (3-deazamtx) to dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) isoenzymes from streptococcus faecium and from lactobacillus casei. the absorbance change and fluorescence quenching that occur when mtx binds to dhfr isoenzyme ii from s. faecium (sfdhfr ii) are both biphasic and give similar apparent rate constants for both phases. the faster phase has an apparent rate const ...19853933559
transition from resistance to hypersusceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics associated with loss of a low-affinity penicillin-binding protein in a streptococcus faecium mutant highly resistant to penicillin.penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 5 of streptococcus faecium has been shown to have a very low affinity for penicillin, and this pbp was suggested to be responsible for both the natural low susceptibility and high resistance to the antibiotic in this species (r. fontana, r. cerini, p. longoni, a. grossato, and p. canepari, j. bacteriol. 155:1343-1350, 1983). in this study, an s. faecium mutant (rev 14) hypersusceptible to penicillin was derived from the highly resistant s. faecium r40 treated wit ...19853853962
soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers stimulate monocyte-macrophage inflammatory functions.soluble non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers are released by gram-positive bacteria when beta-lactam antibiotics are administered to humans. in this report, we show that this type of peptidoglycan can stimulate monocyte-macrophage functions that cause inflammation. non-cross-linked peptidoglycan polymers from penicillin-treated streptococcus faecium were purified and shown to stimulate the production of interleukin 1 by human monocytes and of colony-stimulating factors by a murine macrophage ...19853875561
one or two low affinity penicillin-binding proteins may be responsible for the range of susceptibility of enterococcus faecium to benzylpenicillin.three benzylpenicillin-resistant, clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium (mic values 16-64 micrograms ml-1) contained six penicillin-binding proteins (pbps), of which pbp5 was the most abundant and had the lowest affinity for the antibiotic. four benzylpenicillin-susceptible strains (mic values 0.031-0.5 microgram ml-1) were obtained as spontaneous derivatives from these above organisms. there were significant decreases in the amounts of pbp5 in each of the derivatives, with the concomitant a ...19853850924
some effects of streptococcus faecium m 74 in piglets. 19853887327
gram-positive superinfections following beta-lactam chemotherapy: the significance of the enterococcus.the recent literature was reviewed with regard to the risks of superinfection following beta-lactam chemotherapy. the summary publications for the pseudomonas-active penicillins (azlocillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ticarcillin), cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem and moxalactam show marked variations. moxalactam was most likely to produce both gram-negative (5-38%) and enterococcal (2.2-12%) superinfections. ceftazidime or moxalactam therapy was more often assoc ...19853902652
a cdna clone for the precursor of rat mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase: comparison of rat and human leader sequences and conservation of catalytic sites.we have cloned a dna complementary to the messenger rna encoding the precursor of ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver. this complementary dna contains the entire protein coding region of 1062 nucleotides and 86 nucleotides of 5'- and 298 nucleotides of 3'-untranslated sequences. the predicted amino acid sequence has been confirmed by extensive protein sequence data. the mature rat enzyme contains the same number of amino acid residues (322) as the human enzyme and their amino acid sequence ...19853839075
shifting of the penicillin binding proteins that are the target for inhibition by beta-lactams as a likely mechanism of resistance to antibiotics during therapy.the penicillin binding proteins (pbps) that in streptococcus faecium are the targets for inhibitory activity of beta-lactam antibiotics were analyzed both in cells growing at their fastest and at reduced rates. it was found that while under the former conditions the pbps showed the highest affinity for penicillin, under the latter the target is shifted to pbp (pbp5) that has a very low affinity for penicillin and other beta-lactams. the possibility that conditions met by enterococci in human inf ...19853986940
sites of wall synthesis in streptococcus faecium. 19854004148
effect of growth temperature on lipid composition of streptococcus faecium.the effect of growth temperature on the lipid and fatty acid composition of streptococcus faecium has been studied. no differences in the qualitative composition of s. faecium lipids were observed. in all isolated fractions (neutral lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids plus other polar lipids), the major fatty acids were palmitic (c-16:0), palmitoleic (c-16:1), octadecenoic (c-18:1), and cyclopropane (c-19:0). changes in the fatty acid composition of the different fractions were observed which ...19854005717
growth inhibition of streptococcus mutans by cellular extracts of human intestinal lactic acid bacteria.the in vitro growth of streptococcus mutans was completely inhibited by water-soluble extracts from cells of various intestinal lactic acid bacteria identified as streptococcus faecium, streptococcus equinus, lactobacillus fermentum, and lactobacillus salivarius. the growth inhibition was dependent on the concentrations of the extracts. in contrast, the extracts did not inhibit the growth of the major indigenous intestinal lactic acid bacteria isolated from humans. these lactic acid bacteria wer ...19854030098
screening for new antifolates of microbial origin and a new antifolate am-8402.a screening method was established for new specific inhibitors of folate metabolism. culture broths of soil isolates were selected based on relative microbial activity. a culture, to be retained, must be active against enterococcus faecium grown in a medium which contains a limited amount of pteroic acid but lacks activity against the microorganism grown in a medium supplemented with thymidine. by this screening method, three new antibiotics, diazaquinomycins a and b and am-8402 were selected fr ...19854044404
respiratory superinfections after the use of third-generation cephem antibiotics.this paper is a report on our studies on superinfections in respiratory tract infections treated during the years 1981-1984. the isolated strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium and glucose non-fermentative gram-negative rods such as pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to third-generation cephem antibiotics. these organisms proved to be widely distributed in hospitals and were frequently isolated from the sputum, excised lung ...19854055061
phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase transport system of streptococcus mutans: purification of hpr and enzyme i and determination of their intracellular concentrations by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.enzyme i and hpr, the general proteins of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar phosphotransferase system, play a pivotal role in the control of sugar utilization in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. to determine whether growth conditions could modify the rate of biosynthesis of these proteins in streptococcus mutans, we first purified to homogeneity enzyme i and hpr from s. mutans atcc 27352. using specific antibodies obtained against these proteins, we determined by rocket electrophoresis the ...19854066033
analysis of nutritional shift-up of streptococcus faecium.three-dimensional reconstruction methods were applied to electron micrographs of streptococcus faecium to study the initiation of cell wall growth sites during a nutritional shift-up experiment. upon lowering the mass doubling time from 76 to 33 min by the addition of excess glutamate, the formation of new cell wall growth sites was studied in relation to other growth parameters (autolytic capacity, cell number, mass, rna, dna and peptidoglycan). the findings from these studies, to be described ...19852408555
impact of oral ciprofloxacin on the faecal flora of healthy volunteers.the intestinal flora was studied in 12 volunteers after the administration of 400 mg ciprofloxacin b.i.d. over seven days. stool samples were taken prior to and several times after the initiation of therapy, and qualitative and quantitative analyses of microorganisms were performed. escherichia coli was eliminated in all volunteers after two days of treatment. a selection of resistant enterobacteria could not be observed. a higher incidence of streptococcus faecium was seen, mainly after the end ...19852934338
in-vitro evaluation of cefpirome (hr 810), teicoplanin and four other antimicrobials against enterococci.in-vitro activities of cefpirome (hr 810), a fourth generation cephalosporin, and teicoplanin were compared with those of ampicillin, piperacillin, and vancomycin against 56 clinical isolates of enterococci. cefpirome had good activity with the mic90 and mbc90 being 4 and 16 mg/l. ampicillin and piperacillin had mbc90 of 4 and 16 mg/l. teicoplanin was extremely active with the mic90 being 1.6 mg/l while vancomycin had poor cidal activity with the mbc90 being 16 mg/l. a decrease in activity of ce ...19852933380
the autolytic peptidoglycan hydrolases of streptococcus faecium.streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 possesses two peptidoglycan hydrolase activities. the first enzyme, an n-acetylmuramoylhydrolase, has been purified and has been shown to be a glucoenzyme. studies of hydrolysis of soluble, linear uncross-linked peptidoglycan chains showed that the enzyme bound strongly to the non-reducing ends of the chains and then sequentially (processively) hydrolysed susceptible bonds in that chain. the second peptidoglycan hydrolase does not appear to be a glycoprotein and d ...19852860842
colonization of infant mice by k99+ escherichia coli and lack of colonization by streptococcus faecium m74. 19852940835
streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone (cam373) also produced by staphylococcus aureus and identification of a conjugative transposon (tn918).streptococcus faecalis rc73 was found to harbor a conjugative plasmid (pam373) which confers a mating response to a sex pheromone (cam373) excreted by plasmid-free members of the same species. the pheromone was also detected in culture filtrates of all of 23 staphylococcus aureus strains but in only 2 of 22 coagulase negative staphylococcus strains. streptococcus sanguis challis and g9b also produced the activity, but 10 other streptococcus sanguis strains did not. the activity was also produced ...19852987186
diazaquinomycin a, a new antifolate antibiotic, inhibits thymidylate synthase.the inhibitory effect of diazaquinomycin a (dqm) on the growth of enterococcus faecium was completely reversed by thymidine. relatively large amounts of folate, dihydrofolate or leucovorin also reversed the activity of dqm. dqm showed cytotoxicity against vero and raji cells and the cytotoxicity was partially reversed by leucovorin or thymidine. with enzyme experiments, it was found that dqm inhibits tmp synthases from e. faecium and ehrlich ascites carcinoma competitively with 5,10-methylenetet ...19853840154
efficiency of various bacterial suspensions derived from cecal floras of conventional chickens in reducing the population level of salmonella typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice and chicken intestines.the antagonistic effect exerted towards salmonella typhimurium by the flora issued from conventional chickens was studied in gnotobiotic animals. in germfree chickens and mice inoculated with s. typhimurium, the highest bacterial counts were observed in ceca, and were not significantly different in either host. the protection afforded by the inoculation of cecal flora issued from a conventional chicken was more effective when this flora was inoculated first into germfree chickens than when it wa ...19853910208
inhibition of small intestinal colonization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by streptococcus faecium m74 in pigs.colonizing and anti e. coli activity of s. faecium m74 was tested by oral inoculation of cesarean derived, colostrum deprived piglets with streptococcus faecium m74 and subsequently with a heat stable enterotoxin (st) producing e. coli (o101 : k30 : k99 : nm). enterotoxin neutralization and co-culture studies were also performed in vitro. bacterial counts in 10 cm ileal segments, fluorescein antibody stained cryostat sections, as well as 0.5 micron sections from the ilea of the experimental pigs ...19853913250
susceptibility of enterococci to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.the in vitro activities of trimethoprim (tmp), alone and in combination with sulfamethoxazole (smx), against 131 clinical isolates of enterococci, 126 streptococcus faecalis isolates, and 5 streptococcus faecium isolates were determined by a broth microdilution method with mueller-hinton broth that was substantially free of inhibitory substances. the geometric mean mic of tmp for strains of s. faecalis was 0.164 micrograms/ml (range, 0.03 to 8 micrograms/ml), with a geometric mean mbc of 0.298 m ...19853920958
controlling growth of streptococcus faecium in a ham model with heat and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, tertiary butylhydroquinone or nisin.the study described in this paper was designed to test the effect of heat and edta, tbhq or nisin on the stability of a ham model with regard to streptococcus faecium. comminuted ham tissue containing brine and test ingredients was inoculated with two strains of str. faecium and heated for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min at 68·9°c. growth was followed during incubation at 7°c and 37°c. in combination with heating at 68·9°c for 30 min, a stable (180 days 7°c) model was obtained by adding (ppm): 400, ed ...198522055723
relationship of shape to initiation of new sites of envelope growth in streptococcus faecium cells treated with beta-lactam antibiotics.exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium were treated with concentrations of ampicillin and cephalothin which, over 60 min, had little effect on increase in culture mass but resulted in about a 65% inhibition of increase in cell numbers. the resulting drug-treated cells underwent about a doubling in cell mass and volume above that of the untreated cells. the newly divided cells produced in the presence of drugs were shown to be due to the division of central or primary sites of envelope ...19863733671
in streptococcus faecium penicillin-binding protein 5 alone is sufficient for growth at sub-maximal but not at maximal rate.in streptococcus faecium inhibition by both benzylpenicillin and cefotaxime of cells growing at maximal and at reduced rates was associated with saturation of different penicillin-binding proteins. cells growing at reduced rates were not inhibited by benzylpenicillin concentrations that saturated all penicillin-binding proteins except penicillin-binding protein 5, but did stop growing when this protein was saturated.19863734749
comparison of effects of penicillin minimal inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentration on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecium does not support the view that antibiotic sub-inhibitory concentrations can specifically interfere with bacterial virulence.the effect of minimal (mic) and sub-minimal (sub-mic) inhibitory concentrations of penicillin on staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus faecium were compared. it was found that similar alterations in both cell shape and ultrastructure were found in the presence of penicillin mic and sub-mics, the only difference being that while in the presence of penicillin mic all individual cells were altered, in the presence of sub-mics the damaged portion was smaller the lower the penicillin concentration ...19863747854
dispersal of a plasmid-borne chloramphenicol resistance gene in streptococcal and enterococcal plasmids.plasmids coding for chloramphenicol resistance, five isolated from streptococci of groups a, b, and g, ten from enterococci (enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium), and two from staphylococci, were tested for sequence homology with the chloramphenicol resistance gene of pip501, a 30-kb plasmid originally isolated from a group b streptococcus. the 6.3-kb hindiii fragment of pip501, known to carry the chloramphenicol resistance gene, was cloned into pbr322. a 1.6-kb portion of the cloned fra ...19863101076
studies on the structure and mechanism of streptococcus faecium l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase.an fad-containing l-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase has been purified to homogeneity from streptococcus faecium. the purified protein exists as a dimer (subunit mr = 65,000); each subunit contains 1 mol of fad. the enzyme contains no iron, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. the alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase reacts reversibly with sulfite to form a covalent n(5) adduct; it preferentially binds the anionic form of the native oxidized fad, and it also stabilizes the p-quinonoid form o ...19863771536
protoplast formation and regeneration of dehydrodivanillin-degrading strains of fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium.two strains of rumen anaerobes isolated from dehydrodivanillin-degrading cultures were identified as fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium. these organisms degraded dehydrodivanillin synergistically to 5-carboxymethylvanillin and vanillic acid. specific conditions for protoplast formation and cell wall regeneration for both bacteria were determined, under strictly anaerobic conditions, to be as follows. the cell wall of each bacterium in yeast extract medium was loosened by adding penici ...19863777921
imipenem-cilastatin sodium, a broad-spectrum carbapenem antibiotic combination.the chemistry, antimicrobial spectrum, mechanism of action, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, clinical use, adverse effects, dosage and administration, place in therapy, cost-effectiveness, and formulary considerations of imipenem-cilastatin sodium are reviewed. imipenem is the first carbapenem antibiotic of the thienamycin class to be used clinically. imipenem has the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity of currently available beta-lactam agents and, in contrast to other beta-lactam antib ...19863530614
inhibition of beta-lactam antibiotics at two different times in the cell cycle of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790.treatment of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 with sublytic concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics revealed two different division blocks in the cell division cycle. one block, induced by n-formimidoyl thienamycin and methicillin, occurred before the completion of chromosome replication, whereas the other, induced by cefoxitin and cephalothin, took place later in the cycle. in addition, these antibiotics gave rise to distinct morphological forms; the antibiotics acting at the earlier block poi ...19863456343
[fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].imipenem (mk-0787), a new carbapenem antibiotic, combined with cilastatin sodium (mk-0791), was studied clinically and microbiologically. the following results were obtained: concentrations of mk-0787 in the plasma and internal genital tissues were measured at 1 hour after an intravenous drip infusion of mk-0787/mk-0791 (500 mg/500 mg) for 30 minutes. mean plasma levels higher than 11.8 micrograms/ml and mean tissue levels higher than 2.3 micrograms/g were observed. when its mic values are consi ...19863463784
[bacterial infection agents in hospitalized patients].during six months the pattern of microbial isolates has been analysed from 1492 urinary tract infections, from 1445 wound infections, from 451 bronchial secretions, from 3067 blood cultures, from 116 peritoneal swabs and from 39 cerebrospinal fluids. all the specimens investigated were taken from patients of surgical, neurosurgical, internal wards and two intensive care units. in total, the most frequent isolates were grampositive microorganisms like staphylococus aureus, straphylococcus epiderm ...19863107262
in vitro and in vivo activity of ly 146032, a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic.the in vitro activity of ly 146032, a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic belonging to the class of agents designated a21978c, was compared with those of vancomycin, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and clindamycin against selected gram-positive bacteria. the new drug inhibited all staphylococcal isolates, including methicillin-resistant strains, at concentrations of less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml. the activity of ly 146032 was comparable to that of vancomycin against most streptococci, but the latter d ...19863024560
synthesis and antifolate properties of 5,10-methylenetetrahydro-8,10-dideazaminopterin.the synthesis of the 5,10-methylene analogue of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-8,10-dideazaminopterin, a potential dual inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and thymidylate synthase (ts) enzymes, is described. the dimethyl ester of 10-carboxy-4-amino-4-deoxy-8,10-dideazapteroic acid was converted to the tetrahydro derivative by hydrogenation. thermally induced cyclization of the 10-carbomethoxy and the 5-nh groups afforded the 5,10-carbonyl analogue. reduction of the lactam with borane readily yielde ...19863091834
identification of poly g bound to thymidylate synthase.thymidylate synthase activity is increased in some methotrexate-resistant strains of streptococcus faecium. the purified enzyme is associated with a polynucleotide which is not removed by dialysis. this polynucleotide contains one mole each of purine ribose and phosphate per mole base. phosphate analyses after incubation with digestive enzymes indicate a tetranucleotide with one terminal phosphate. the constituent nucleosides are recovered quantitatively in a specific assay for guanosine. on hpl ...19863094514
susceptibility of enterococci. i. inhibitory and bactericidal activity of several chemoantibiotics against streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium.the authors present a microbiological study of 100 strains of enterococcus (70 strains of streptococcus faecalis and 30 strains of streptococcus faecium) tested for susceptibility to the following antibiotics, amoxicillin, ampicillin + flucloxacillin, piperacillin, rifampicin, vancomycin, netilmicin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. the assessment of minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of these substances indicates that all have good inhibitory activity except netilmicin, which ...19863098440
susceptibility of enterococci. ii. inhibitory and bactericidal activity of drugs in combination against streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium.the microbiological utility of antibiotic combinations against streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium strains was studied. the drugs used were netilmicin + amoxicillin (20 strains); netilmicin + piperacillin (20 strains); netilmicin- + vancomycin (20 strains); netilmicin + rifampicin (20 strains). netilmicin used in combination with the penicillins was advantageous against streptococcus faecalis, but not uniformly against streptococcus faecium. the combinations of netilmicin with vanco ...19863098441
in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone antimicrobial, against gram-positive bacteria.the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone antimicrobial, was compared with that of ciprofloxacin against selected gram-positive bacteria. concentrations of ci-934 required to inhibit 90% of strains (mic90) were twofold to eightfold lower than those of ciprofloxacin. with the exception of streptococcus faecium, all isolates were inhibited by ci-934 at concentrations less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml.19863096629
folate analogues. 25. synthesis and biological evaluation of n10-propargylfolic acid and its reduced derivatives.n10-propargylfolic acid (2), which is the closest pteridine analogue of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor n10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (pddf), was synthesized starting from diethyl [p-(n-propargylamino)benzoyl]-l-glutamate (5) and n-(3-bromo-2-oxopropyl)phthalimide (8). the 7,8-dihydro derivative of propargylfolic acid served as a synthetic substrate of lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. propargylfolic acid and its reduced derivatives were weak inhibitors of l. casei thymidylat ...19863100797
potential role of lysozyme in bactericidal activity of in vitro-acquired salivary pellicle against streptococcus faecium 9790.the adherence of streptococcus faecium 9790 to hydroxyapatite (ha) coated with whole saliva supernatant proteins (s-ha) or parotid fluid proteins was studied. the organism was labeled with [3h]thymidine, and adherence was estimated as the radioactivity remaining associated with the variously coated ha preparations after incubation and removal of unbound microbes by washing the adherence substratum. adherence was time dependent and saturable, characteristics typical of oral streptococci in this i ...19863023239
syntheses and antifolate activity of 5-methyl-5-deaza analogues of aminopterin, methotrexate, folic acid, and n10-methylfolic acid.evidence indicating that modifications at the 5- and 10-positions of classical folic acid antimetabolites lead to compounds with favorable differential membrane transport in tumor vs. normal proliferative tissue prompted an investigation of 5-alkyl-5-deaza analogues. 2-amino-4-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile, prepared by hydrogenolysis of its known 6-chloro precursor, was treated with guanidine to give 2,4-diamino-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile which was converted via the corre ...19862423690
autoradiographic studies of the synthesis of rna and protein as a function of cell volume in streptococcus faecium.mid-exponential-phase cultures were either labeled continuously with tritiated leucine and uracil or pulse-labeled with tritiated leucine. the amount of leucine and uracil incorporated into protein or rna per cell was determined by grain counts of autoradiographs of cells seen in electron micrographs; the volume of each cell was determined by three-dimensional reconstruction. the average number of autoradiographic grains around cells continuously labeled with uracil and leucine increased linearl ...19862427501
arthropathic properties of cell wall polymers from normal flora bacteria.peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (pg-ps) fragments were purified from cell walls of group d streptococci (streptococcus faecium, strains atcc 9790 and f-24) with a protocol which minimizes autolytic activity and tested for ability to induce arthritis in rats. pg-ps fragments from cell walls of other normal flora bacteria (peptostreptococcus productus, and propionibacterium acnes), group a streptococci, and pseudomurein-ps fragments from cell walls of methanobacterium formicicum, were similarly purif ...19863940996
autoradiographic studies of chromosome replication during the cell cycle of streptococcus faecium.analysis of the distribution of autoradiographic grains around cells of streptococcus faecium which had been either continuously or pulse-labeled with tritiated thymidine (mass doubling time, 90 min) showed a non-poisson distribution even when the distribution of cell sizes in the populations studied was taken into account. these non-poisson distributions of grains were assumed to reflect the discontinuous nature of chromosome replication. to study this discontinuous process further, we fitted a ...19863782014
cadmium uptake by growing cells of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.the present study evaluates the effect of the cadmium (cd2+) on the growth and protein synthesis of some gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and streptococcus faecium) and gram-negative (escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria and the cadmium uptake by the same micro-organisms. the gram-negative bacteria tested were less sensitive to metal ions than the gram-positive, and p. aeruginosa was the most resistant. the gram-negative bacteria were also able to accumula ...19863796301
purification of streptococcus faecium penicillin binding protein 5, a multifunctional penicillin-binding protein.penicillin-binding protein 5 of streptococcus faecium has been solubilized and partially separated from other membrane proteins by covalent affinity chromatography. pbp 5 was successively purified to homogeneity by resolution on sds-polyacrylamide gel, elution and renaturation of penicillin-binding activity. the purification procedure does not alter the properties that the protein exhibits in the membranous environment.19863951364
effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of porcine faecal streptococcaceae.breeding pigs and one-half of their progeny were fed antimicrobial-free rations; the other half of the progeny received rations supplemented with 100 g of chlortetracycline (ctc)/ton. effects of dietary ctc with respect to the distribution of species and biotypes of faecal gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. diversity of antimicrobial resistance (amr) patterns and modal amr patterns were determined for bacterial species common to all three g ...19863700277
gordon memorial lecture. the biologists' debt to the domestic fowl.although it is highly desirable to reduce the need for experiments with animals, in vitro methods cannot entirely supplant them. observations made in simple systems must be checked in a live subject if they are to be relevant to man or other higher animals. young growing chicks are very susceptible to vitamin deficiencies. biological assays in chicks have been used to check the validity of chemical and microbiological methods of measuring vitamins in foods. experiments with chicks and chick embr ...19863708405
effects of dietary chlortetracycline on the antimicrobial resistance of broiler faecal streptococcaceae.a breeder flock and a control group of progeny birds were fed antimicrobial-free rations; a second group of progeny received rations supplemented with 50 g chlortetracycline (ctc)/ton. effects of dietary ctc on the distribution of species and biotypes of faecal gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. antimicrobial resistance (amr) pattern diversity and modal amr patterns were determined for bacterial species common to all three groups. numerical ...19863710942
penicillin tolerance in streptococcus faecium atcc 9790.tolerant strains of streptococcus faecium had higher levels of muramidase 2 and lower levels of trypsinactivable muramidase 1 than did susceptible strains. susceptible strains lysed faster than did tolerant strains in buffer and at some antibiotic concentrations. the addition of triton x-100 produced equal lysis rates for susceptible and tolerant cultures.19873662476
cell cycle changes in the buoyant density of exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium.cell buoyant densities were determined by centrifugation in percoll gradients containing exponential-phase cells of streptococcus faecium atcc 9790 grown at a mass doubling time of about 33 min. this bacterium showed the highest average density values (1.13 g/ml) measured to date for any eucaryotic or procaryotic organism. fractions having the highest densities were enriched with cells that were in the process of dividing or had just divided. these high-density fractions were also enriched with ...19873818544
changes in antimicrobial resistance in fecal bacteria associated with pig transit and holding times at slaughter plants.fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and antimicrobial resistance (amr) associated with various pig transit and holding times were investigated at slaughter plants. changes in the relative abundance of two biotypes of streptococcus faecium were associated with transit and holding of pigs, although approximately 20% of the isolates were unidentified. the greatest variety of coliforms was isolated from porcine feces after short transit (2 h) or holding (3 h) times and was qualitatively similar to ...19873606107
induction of autolysis in streptococcus faecium.autolysis of exponential-phase streptococcus faecium cells was promoted by pretreating the bacteria (freezing-thawing; -70 degrees c) in tris buffer, followed by incubation at 37 degrees c in the same buffer. the effect was dependent on tris concentration. the pretreatment provoked ultrastructurally visible damage with extensive loss of k+ and leakage of uv-absorbing components. no autolysis was observed when the bacteria frozen-thawed in tris were incubated in the presence of the autolysin inhi ...19873655738
bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of beta-lactams against streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium are associated with saturation of different penicillin-binding proteins.the mics and mbcs of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, and methicillin were evaluated against a streptococcus (enterococcus) faecium wild-type strain and against three mutants hyperproducing pbp 5 in cells incubated at both optimal and suboptimal temperatures. in the wild-type strain grown at optimal temperature, the mbcs of all beta-lactams were significantly greater than the mics (bacteriostatic effect). as opposed to this, in the same cells grown at suboptimal temperature and in the m ...19873435109
streptococcus faecalis sex pheromone (cad1) response: evidence that the peptide inhibitor excreted by pad1-containing cells may be plasmid determined.streptococcus faecalis strains harboring the conjugative plasmid pad1 excrete a small peptide, iad1, which inhibits the sex pheromone cad1. studies making use of the host strain streptococcus faecium 9790, which normally does not excrete peptide pheromones, suggest that iad1 may be determined directly by pad1.19873107004
identification of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium and susceptibility studies with newly developed antimicrobial agents.identification and susceptibility studies were performed on 301 blood and urine streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium isolates. strep trio-tubes s4, s5, and s3 (carr-scarborough microbiologicals, inc.) were compared with conventional methods for accuracy and rapidity. of 282 isolates identified as s. faecalis, 98% were identified by species in 4 h with trio-tubes; the same percentage of isolates analyzed by conventional methods were identified in 24 h. all 14 s. faecium isolates (appr ...19873108309
comparison of the post-antibiotic effect of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium with ampicillin alone or combined with streptomycin: studies on a novel type of antimicrobial interaction.determination of post-antibiotic effect (pae) and time-kill studies were made with twelve strains of streptococcus faecalis and nine strains of streptococcus faecium, comparing the effect of ampicillin alone with a combination of ampicillin and streptomycin at achievable serum concentrations. bactericidal synergism (greater than or equal to one log10 decrease in viable counts) and prolongation in pae (greater than or equal to 0.5 h) were demonstrated in all streptomycin-susceptible strains (mini ...19873125717
comparative survival of antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive fecal indicator bacteria in estuarine water.the survival of antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive strains of escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus equinus, and two environmental isolates, ap17 and aq62, was examined in estuarine water. each strain was rendered resistant to a combination of two antibiotics by serial passage in increasing concentrations of antibiotics. cultures were incubated in filter-sterilized estuarine water for up to 7 days. recovery was assessed by examining colony-forming ability ...19873111372
buoyant density variation during the cell cycle in microorganisms.the behavior of cell buoyant density during the cell cycle has been determined for a number of different cell types, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. mean buoyant density was extremely constant and independent of cell age during the cell cycle of the bacterium escherichia coli, the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces cerevisiae, the protozoan amoebae proteus, cells from suspension cell cultures of mouse lymphoma and myeloma, and chinese hamster ovary cells. in all of these cases, th ...19873549158
in vitro activity of ly146032 (daptomycin) against selected aerobic bacteria.the in vitro activity of the new lipopeptide antibiotic ly146032 was generally four-fold greater (mic 90 less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml) than that of vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative species of staphylococcus. enterococci, streptococcus bovis, group b and viridans streptococci, and corynebacterium group j-k isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml of ly146032, which represented activit ...19873032612
comparative in vitro activity of ly146032 (daptomycin) against gram-positive cocci.the in vitro activity of ly146032 was compared with those of seven other antimicrobial agents against gram-positive cocci. mics of ly146032 were lowest for streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus epidermidis (0.25 mg/l). for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aureus the mics were 1 mg/l, for enterococcus faecalis 2 mg/l and for enterococcus faecium 4 mg/l. the activity of ly146032 was in general higher than that of vancomycin. time-kil ...19873032613
in vitro evaluation of teicoplanin and other antimicrobials against streptococci group d bacteria.in vitro activities of teicoplanin were compared with those of ampicillin, imipenem, rifampicin, coumermycin and vancomycin against clinical isolates of streptococcus faecalis (n = 100) and streptococcus faecium (n = 30). against str. faecalis, ampicillin and imipenem had an mic90 and mbc90 of 3.9 micrograms/ml. coumermycin and rifampicin had poor bactericidal activity with mbc90 values of 31.2 and 62.5 micrograms/ml. teicoplanin was extremely active with an mic90 of 0.95 microgram/ml and an mbc ...19872962843
effect of acidity and antimicrobial agent-like compounds on viability of plesiomonas shigelloides.nineteen plesiomonas shigelloides strains were evaluated for their stability at acidic and slightly alkaline phs and for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agent-like compounds produced by enteric flora. most p. shigelloides isolates were rapidly inactivated under high-acid (ph 4 or less) conditions. screening of enteric bacteria for elaboration of factors active against p. shigelloides revealed two organisms (pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus [enterococcus] faecium) capable of secreti ...19873112177
[a case of septicemia due to enterococcus faecium in an infant]. 19873112279
omphalitis and peritonitis in a young west indian manatee (trichechus manatus).mortality data for the west indian manatee (trichechus manatus) indicates that from 1979 to 1984 16% of the recorded deaths involved young juveniles. necropsy of a young manatee from the west coast of florida revealed an active infection of the umbilical area (omphalitis) extending down the umbilical artery and veins. a generalized peritonitis was present. bacterial cultures revealed streptococcus faecium, plesiomonas shigelloides, pseudomonas putrefaciens and escherichia coli.19873682102
role of immunoblotting in the diagnosis of culture negative and enterococcal endocarditis.serum samples from patients with endocarditis and septicaemia due to enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus bovis, and streptococcus sanguis were immunoblotted against antigenic extracts from all four species. in e faecalis endocarditis there was a strong igm response to e faecalis antigenic bands of 112, 88-90, and 45-47 kd and a strong igg response to 88-90 and 45-47 kd bands. in e faecium endocarditis there was a pronounced igg response to an e faecium band of 82-90 kd. fo ...19873119674
[exclusive medical treatment of a single hepatic abscess caused by streptococcus faecium]. 19873561090
in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. an overview.a review of european data published before july 1986 and data from the authors' laboratory showed very similar activity of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria in all studies. mean minimal inhibitory concentrations against 50 percent (mic50) and 90 percent (mic90) of staphylococcal strains were 0.32 and 0.59 mg/liter, respectively. the drug was equally active against staphylococcal strains resistant and susceptible to methicillin and/or gentamicin. the range of mic50 and mic90 values for ...19873555058
7-hydro-8-methylpteroylglutamylglutamic acid, a new anti-folate from an actinomycete. fermentation, isolation, structure and biological activity.a new anti-folate, 7-hydro-8-methylpteroylglutamylglutamic acid, was isolated from the culture broth of a soil actinomycete. the antibiotic inhibited the growth of enterococcus faecium which requires folic acid. the inhibitory action was reversed by thymidine or excess amounts of folate-related compounds such as pteroic acid, folic acid, dihydrofolic acid and leucovorin. it inhibited thymidylate synthase from e. faecium, bacillus subtilis and ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells.19873570977
intergeneric protoplast fusion between fusobacterium varium and enterococcus faecium for enhancing dehydrodivanillin degradation.intergeneric protoplast fusion between fusobacterium varium (pcs glu+) and enterococcus faecium (pcr glu-) was performed under strictly anaerobic conditions to improve dehydrodivanillin (ddv) degradation. the fusion frequency obtained from the selective medium (pc+ glu-) was about 0.9 x 10(-5) to 1.3 x 10(-5). the seven fusants isolated were all gram-negative anaerobes with rod shapes like that of f. varium and with main phenotypical properties of cocci like those of e. faecium such as esculin a ...19873579269
streptococcus faecium mutants that are temperature sensitive for cell growth and show alterations in penicillin-binding proteins.the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of 209 cell division (or growth) temperature-sensitive mutants of streptococcus faecium were analyzed in this study. a total of nine strains showed either constitutive or temperature-sensitive conditional damage in the pbps. analysis of these nine strains yielded the following results: one carried a pbp 1 constitutively showing a lower molecular weight; one constitutively lacked pbp 2; two lacked pbp 3 at 42 degrees c, but not at 30 degrees c; one was norma ...19873584060
folate analogues. 30. synthesis and biological evaluation of n10-propargyl-5,8-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid and related compounds.the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro derivative (1) of the powerful thymidylate synthase inhibitor n10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (pddf) has been synthesized and evaluated for its antifolate activity. a convenient method for the preparation of the key intermediate 2-amino-6-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazoline (18) is described. two closely related analogues of 1 were also synthesized and evaluated for their antifolate activity and thymidylate synthase inhibition. n10-propargyl-5,8-didea ...19873599032
dna-free liposome-assisted transfection of streptococcus faecium sf 77r protoplasts.two virulent phages of streptococcus faecium sf 77r were used in dna-free liposome assisted polyethylene-glycol-mediated protoplast transfection. this procedure, established to develop an effective gene-cloning system, optimized the conditions for dna uptake by the protoplasts of str. faecium. transfection frequencies of up to 10(7)-10(8) p.f.u./microgram of dna were achieved.19873587062
fecal streptococcal infection of commercial white pekin ducklings.an acute septicemic disease was reported in 1-to-2-week-old white pekin ducklings on eight long island duck farms. gross lesions were primarily hepatomegaly and enlarged necrotic spleens. fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, and airsacculitis were observed in some birds. mortality ranged from 0.5 to 5%. streptococcus faecium was isolated from heart blood, livers, lungs, and spleens of sick or dead ducklings. serologically, all isolates belonged to lancefield serogroup d. the disease was reprod ...19883196274
synergistic effect of ampicillin or vancomycin in combination with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin against enterococci.the extent of synergistic killing and duration of the post-antibiotic effect (pae) was evaluated in streptomycin-susceptible strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium with 20 mcg/ml of ampicillin or 10 mcg/ml of vancomycin in combination with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin (20, 10, 5, 2, 1, 0.5 mcg/ml). the bactericidal activity or duration in recovery period declined progressively in a linear pattern with decreasing concentrations of streptomycin. one log10 or great ...19883132184
impact of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on the bowel and vaginal flora after single-dose prophylaxis in vaginal hysterectomy.the aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate the effect of a preoperative, single dose, intravenous injection of ceftriaxone 2g and cefotaxime 2g in 2 groups of 30 patients who underwent vaginal hysterectomy. the parameters were: efficacy and tolerance; impact on the aerobic bowel and vaginal flora; and serum concentrations. there were no significant differences in efficacy, haematology or clinical chemistry parameters. in the ceftriaxone group 2 patients had exanthemas, 2 had ...19883135167
histamine formation by enterococci isolated from home-made goat cheeses.a survey was made of the histamine-producing capability of enterococci isolated from goat cheeses. the strains, 130 streptococcus faecium and 106 s. faecalis, were grown in trypticase soy broth histidine medium (tsbh) at 35 degrees c for 24 h and the histamine formed was determined by fluorometry. forty-one (31.5%) of the s. faecium strains and 2 (1.9%) of the s. faecalis strains produced histamine. the largest amount detected was 4.0 micrograms histamine/ml tsbh. compared with the amounts of hi ...19883152802
evaluation of bactericidal activity of cefotaxime and other beta-lactams by a novel method.in previous studies on streptococcus faecium we proposed that the minimum beta-lactam concentration killing 99.9% of a bacterial population within 3 hours be defined as the minimum directly bactericidal concentration (mdbc) of that drug. in the present study we first evaluated the kinetics of cellular killing by various beta-lactams as related to penicillin-binding-protein (pbp) binding in escherichia coli dc2, a hyperpermeable mutant. we concluded that in e. coli the mdbc for beta-lactams coinc ...19883293978
the effect of growth-promoting antibiotics on the faecal enterococci of healthy young chickens.small groups of chickens were given feed containing either avoparcin, nitrovin, virginiamycin or zinc bacitracin from the day of their purchase as day-olds. differences between the birds receiving growth promoters and the untreated controls were observed during the last third of the 23 d survey period. the enterococcal population of the 'dosed' birds contained a greater proportion of enterococcus faecium than did that of the control birds while the converse was true for ent. gallinarum. this app ...19883127371
comparative killing activity and postantibiotic effect of streptomycin combined with ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin or vancomycin against strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium.nine strains of streptococcus faecalis and streptococcus faecium were studied with respect to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin, vancomycin and streptomycin. two strains were highly resistant (mic greater than or equal to 2,000 micrograms/ml) to streptomycin. evaluation and comparison of the killing activity with killing curves, and duration of the postantibiotic effect (pae) after exposure for 1 h with regrowth curves was done with combinations of antibiotics or alone. the overa ...19883138078
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