Publications

physiological differentiation of viridans streptococci.	twelve hundred and twenty-seven clinical isolates and eighty stock strains of viridans streptococci were tested for serological and physiological characteristics. because the serological reactions of these strains varied, a differentiation scheme could not be based on these reactions. for the same reason, there could be no correlation of serological characteristics with physiological characteristics. nearly 97% of the clinical isolates were speciated by differences in physiological characteristi ...	1977	845245
transfection of streptococcus sanguis by phage deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from streptococcus mutans.	streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 cells were infected with free phage dna of s, mutans strain pk 1. two transformants were isolated which made colonies with large mucoid forms on mitis-salivarius agar. both transformants had an increased ability to synthesize insoluble glucan and showed an adhesive nature on glass surfaces. these characteristics of the transformants bear a resemblance to s. mutans. these transformants had many physiological characteristics by which they could be recognized as s. ...	1977	858646
origin of esterases in human whole saliva.	whole saliva of 59 healthy persons was used for determination of esterase activity. the pattern of esterase was studied by means of isoelectrofocusing on thin-layer acrylamide gels. the esterases found in whole saliva are suggested to be derived from the cells of the tissue in the oral cavity. this origin is indicated (e.g.) by comparison between isolectrophoretic esterase patterns of whole saliva, submandibular saliva, gingival biopsy and fibroblast culture. antisera against partially purified ...	1977	862601
bacteriocin typing of streptococcal isolates from endocarditis.	a typing system based on bacteriocin production and sensitivity for streptococcus sanguis strains was devised. bacteriocin producer strains were grown (37degrees c) anaerobically on brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar for 18 h. bacteriocin indicator strains were suspended to molten brain heart infusion-yeast extract agar and then overlayed onto the producer strain. after an additional 18 to 24 h of incubation, zones of bacteriocin inhibition were recorded. after establishment of the typing s ...	1977	874072
tolerant response of streptococcus sanguis to beta-lactams and other cell wall inhibitors.	in contrast to group a streptococci or streptococcus pneumoniae, cells of streptococcus sanguis (group h) do not exhibit the irreversible effects of penicillin treatment, such as loss of viability or lysis. on the other hand, the same bacteria show typical effects of penicillin, such as morphological alterations, reduction in the rate of cell wall synthesis, and secretion of murein and lipoteichoic acid polymers into the medium. a novel effect of cell wall inhibitors was also noted: treatment wi ...	1977	879739
in vitro evaluation of three iodine-containing compounds as antiplaque agents.	the antibacterial activity of three iodine-containing compounds was determined for strains of four dental plaque-forming microorganisms, using an in vitro preclinical plaque model system. solutions of inorganic iodine, povidone-iodine, and wescodyne were tested for antiplaque activity against preformed plaques of a number of strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii. solutions of inorganic iodine were more effective as antiplaque age ...	1977	883812
production of extracellular material by streptococci associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis.	six strains of viridans streptococci isolated from confirmed cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis were studied for production of extracellular material. all six strains, when grown to the exponential phase, produced exoproducts that had similar elution profiles on a g-100 sephadex column. since essential nutrients, such as amino acids, may be periodically growth limiting to streptococci in the fibrin-covered lesions on heart valves, the potential to elaborate extracellular protein and other ...	1977	885611
sucrose metabolism in resting-cell suspensions of caries associated and non-caries-associated dental plaque.	small specimens of cariogenic plaque (cp) and non-cariogenic plaque (ncp) from the same tooth were individually dispersed in buffer, divided equally, and incubated for 45 min with [(14)c]sucrose uniformly labeled either in the glucosyl moiety or the fructosyl moiety. sucrose metabolism was analyzed periodically during an anaerobic incubation at 37 degrees c. radiochemical techniques were devised to analyze formation of lactic acid, soluble extracellular polysaccharide, total cell-bound and insol ...	1977	885616
bacteriocins as factors in the in vitro interaction between oral streptococci in plaque.	the effect of bacteriocins on the composition of dental plaque flora was studied in vitro with bacterial plaque formed by oral streptococci on glass rods suspended in broth medium. cell-free preparations containing mutacin sw31, a bacteriocin produced by streptococcus mutans, killed sensitive cells present in the plaque selectively, but did not affect resistant cells. similar preparations from a non-bacteriocinogenic mutant exerted only a slight effect. mixed growth of bacteriocin-producing s. m ...	1977	892898
molecular basis for the different sucrose-dependent adherence properties of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the enzymatic and adherence properties of streptococcus mutans gs5 and s. sanguis st3, both isolated from human carious lesions, have been compared. during growth in sucrose media, s. mutans gs5 adheres to smooth surfaces approximately three times more effectively than dose s. sanguis st3. however, strain st3 does not display sucrose-dependent adherence under nongrowth conditions, whereas strain gs5 displays significant adherence. although both organisms synthesize both water-soluble and -insolu ...	1977	892908
bacteriolytic action of fluoride ions.	bacillus subtilis, neisseria subflava, and lyt coccus were found to undergo massive lysis after growth in media containing 0.01 to 10 mm naf. when cells of these organisms were transferred from late-exponential-phase cultures to 0.02 m sodium phosphate buffer plus 0.1 m kcl, they underwent spontaneous autolysis. cells grown in media with fluoride were more liable to autolysis, and walls isolated from them also showed enhanced autolytic sensitivity, even though added fluoride did not directly sti ...	1977	907327
role of sialic acid in saliva-induced aggregation of streptococcus sanguis.	the ability of saliva to induce aggregation of streptococcus sanguis was destroyed by treating the saliva with protease or neuraminidase. loss of aggregating activity could be correlated with the appearance of free sialic acid. clarified saliva contains an endogenous neuraminidase that modifies aggregating activity. aggregation was inhibited by mixed ganglioside preparations but less effectively by acid-hydrolyzed gangliosides. the aggregating activity of s. sanguis was not related to the rhamno ...	1977	908621
structural requirements of guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents for antiplaque activity.	the bactericidal efficacy of 16 guanide, biguanide, and bisbiguanide agents was studied in vitro against intact preformed plaques of four oral (plaque-forming) microorganisms: streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and a. naeslundii. the activities of these agents were examined in relation to their molecular configurations. these studies indicated that the bis- and biguanide configurations are important for efficacy, as is the length of the alkyl side chain. no structural moiety ...	1977	931371
fate of heterospecific transforming dna bound to streptococcus sanguis.	the fate of 3h-labeled str-r fus-s dna from streptococcus pneumoniae, bound after a 1-min uptake to 14c-labeled str-s fus-r s. sanguis recipients, was followed by techniques previously developed for analyzing the fate of homospecific dna. heterospecific s. pneumoniae dna was bound and formed complexes with recipient protein in a manner similar to that of homospecific dna but transformed relatively poorly. the rate at which complexed heterospecific dna becomes physically associated with recipient ...	1978	25262
specific inactivation of heterospecific transforming dna by a factor derived from streptococcus sanguis lysates.	a heat-sensitive factor obtained from lysates of competent streptococcus sanguis cells reacts specifically with native dna of heterospecific (s. pneumoniae or calf thymus) origin. in vitro it does not alter the double or single strand length of the dna, nor does it affect uptake of the dna by compentent s. pneumoniae cells in dnase i-resistant form. following uptake, however, dna previously exposed to the factor loses over 90% of its biological activity. reaction of heterospecific dna with the f ...	1978	26019
[purification and some properties of alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557: role of the enzyme in degradation of salivary glycoprotein].		1978	397322
biosynthesis of oligosaccharide-lipid in streptococcus sanguis.	an oligosaccharide-lipid containing n-acetyl d-glucosamine (glcnac), l-rhamnose, and d-glucose was synthesized when the particulate enzyme from streptococcus sanguis was incubated with udp-glcnac, tdp-rhamnose, and udp-glucose. the incorporation of d-glucose into the lipid was dependent on the preincorporation of l-rhamnose, which in turn was dependent on that of glcnac. this indicates that the order of sugar incorporation is glcnac, l-rhamnose, and d-glucose. the synthesis of glcnac-lipid was s ...	1978	618836
discrimination between oral streptococci by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography.	washed organisms, including strains of streptococcus mitior, s. mutans, and s. sanguis, were examined by curie-point pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. a linear discriminant function based upon three items from the output data was adequate for segregating the strains according to species. strains with intermediate properties were also encountered. sources of variability in cultures were evaluated, chromatographic performance was maintained throughout the investigation, and matching performance ...	1978	623471
bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells: a cell culture model of bacterial superinfection.	mdck cells (a line of stable canine kidney cells) infected with influenza a/nws/33 virus (a neurotropic variant of the wilson smith strain) were tested with 18 selected bacterial species to determine whether mammalian cells become susceptible to bacterial adherence as a result of virus infection. cell monolayers were washed and examined microscopically for adherence. bacteria of only two of 18 species were seen to adhere to the infected cells: a group b streptococcus and streptococcus sanguis. c ...	1978	627737
streptococci isolated from dental plaque of animals.		1978	640993
fate of homospecific transforming dna bound to streptococcus sanguis.	the fate of [3h]dna from streptococcus sanguis str-r43 fus-s donors in [14c]s. sanguis str-s fus-r1 recipients was studied by examining the lysates prepared from such recipients at various times after 1 min of exposure to dna. the lysates were analyzed in cscl and 10 to 30% sucrose gradients; fractions from the gradients were tested for biological activity and sensitivity to nucleases, subjected to various treatments and retested for nuclease sensitivity, and run on 5 to 20% neutral and alkaline ...	1978	641007
technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate imaging of experimental infective endocarditis.	technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mtc-pyp) cardiac scintigraphy was performed in 15 rabbits with experimental streptococcus sanguis aortic valve infective endocarditis. the animals were imaged five to seven days after the administration of bacteria, and in each case abnormal accumulation of the tracer was visualized in the region of the aortic valve. three types of cardiac scintigraphic patterns were demonstrated: focal, multifocal and extensive, each correlating well with the anatomical ...	1978	656183
bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. interaction of bacterial dextran, platelets, and fibrin.	the role of dextran in the pathogenesis of bacterial endocarditis was investigated by studying the adherence of dextran producing oral streptococci to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (nbte) in vitro and in vivo. the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to fibrin and platelets was determined in an in vitro assay system simulating nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. adherence was increased when the organisms were grown in sucrose-supplemented media (adherence ratio x 10(4) ...	1978	659601
cell-bound synthesis and subsequent adherence of oral streptococci due to the binding of extracellular glucosyltransferase to the streptococcal cell surface.		1978	683023
dextran production as a possible virulence factor in streptococcal endocarditis.		1978	684013
bacteriology of human experimental gingivitis: effect of plaque and gingivitis score.	the plaque flora isolated from discrete dentogingival sites during a human gingivitis experiment was analyzed as a function of the plaque score and of the gingivitis score. when the gingivitis score was plotted as a function of the plaque score, a nonbleeding gingivitis was associated with a proportional increase in the actinomyces sp. at the expense of the streptococcus sp. in particular, the percentage of actinomyces israelii increased significantly, while the percent streptococcus sanguis dec ...	1978	711337
antigens of streptococcus sanguis: purification and characterization of the b antigen.	the antigen defining streptococcus sanguis serotype 2 has been designated the b antigen. this antigen can be detected in extracts, obtained from whole cells by autoclaving (rantz and randall extraction), as a single precipitin band using a reference antiserum (m-5). however, the extract can also be shown to contain a teichoic acid using anti-polyglycerol phosphate serum. this teichoic acid does not contain the antigenic determinant for group h specificity. studies of the b antigen have been hamp ...	1978	711341
effect of immunization on susceptibility to experimental streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis endocarditis.	it has been asserted that humoral immunity is an important potentiating factor in pathogenesis of infective endocarditis, in that prior immunization to certain bacteria may predispose the host to endocarditis caused by those organisms. if so, possible future vaccination of humans with streptococcal antigens for the prevention of dental caries might increase the susceptibility of the population to streptococcal endocarditis. to examine this hypothesis further, we immunized rabbits with killed str ...	1978	730349
specificity of salivary-bacterial interactions: role of terminal sialic acid residues in the interaction of salivary glycoproteins with streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans.	four highly purified salivary glycoproteins were used to study salivary-bacterial interactions. one pair of glycoproteins was mucin-like in composition, whereas the second pair was not. by an agglutination assay, it was found that only the mucin-glycoproteins agglutinated streptococcus sanguis and s. mutans. removal of sialic acid from these molecules resulted in a loss of agglutination of s. sanguis but not of s. mutans. the agglutination phenomenon was shown to require a salivary macromolecule ...	1978	415001
use of extractable adenosine triphosphate to estimate the viable cell mass in dental plaque samples obtained from monkeys.	the viable cell mass in plaque samples obtained from monkeys was estimated by determining the concentration of extractable adenosine triphosphate (atp), and total cell mass was estimated by measuring the protein content. the results were expressed in terms of the specific atp and protein contents of streptococcus sanguis. the viable counts estimated by these techniques were comparable to or exceeded viable counts obtained by other investigators using conventional bacteriological methods.	1978	417674
transformation of group f streptococci by plasmid dna.	when the challis strain of streptococcus sanguis was transformed by the 17 megadalton beta plasmid from streptococcus faecalis strain ds5, the plasmid underwent a 1.5 megadalton deletion (leblanc & hassell, 1976). furthermore, the covalently closed circular (ccc) plasmid dna isolated from challis transformants was rapidly converted to a linear form which did not possess any detectable transforming activity. to obtain stable ccc plasmid dna a competent culture of a lancefield group f streptococcu ...	1978	418149
co-induction of beta-galactosidase and the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus mutans.	the addition of lactose, galactose, or isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside (iptg) to glucose-grown cells of streptococcus salivarius 25975 resulted in the co-induction of both the lactose-p-enolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (lactose-pts) and beta-galactosidase, with the latter the predominant metabolic system. with various strains of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis 10556, on the other hand, the lactose-pts was the major metabolic pathway with beta-galactosidase induced either to ...	1978	214423
plaque formation in vitro by actinomyces viscosus in the presence of streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans.	actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the ph being 6.1 after 120 h. when the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with a. viscosus and either streptococcus sanguis or streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the ph fell below 5 after 33 h with the former streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. a. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h.	1978	42006
infective endocarditis: part ii. current therapy.		1978	249230
transformation of streptococcus sanguis to a rough colonial morphology with an increased ability to adhere.		1978	283743
salivary agglutinin and secretory iga reactions with oral streptococci.	s. mutans, s. salivarius, s. mitis and s. sanguis strains were isolated from three subjects of blood groups a, b and o. parotid saliva samples obtained from the same subjects induced aggregation of some of the bacteria, the s. sanguis and the s. mutans strains in particular. while parotid saliva from the three subjects gave almost identical reactions, slight interindividual differences were observed for a few strains with the submandibular sublingual salivas. in parotid saliva, secretory antibod ...	1978	284567
[biological activity of secretory iga--particularly agglutinating activity of salivary siga against oral indigenous microorganisms (author's transl)].		1978	285194
binding of fluoride in oral streptococci.		1978	285654
further evidence for the non-immunoglobulin nature of the bacterial aggregating factor in saliva.		1978	272952
[recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the light of immunologic studies].		1978	274257
microbiota of gingivitis in man.	a study on the predominant cultivable microorganisms inhabiting gingival crevices affected with a chronic gingivitis was carried out using the roll tube culture technique. samples were obtained from nine individuals 25--42 years of age. gram-positive rods make up 29.1% of the isolates and included mainly actinomyces naeslundii, actinomyces israelii, and actinomyces viscosus. streptococcus mitis and streptococcus sanguis together made up 26.8% of the cultivable organisms. peptostreptococcus avera ...	1978	276916
serotypes of streptococcus sanguis from six-year-old children.		1978	277501
experimental formation of "corn cob" in vitro.	organisms isolated from corn cob were examined for aggregation with bacterionema matruchotti. such aggregations, interpreted as corn cob formation, in vitro, occurred with five isolated identified as streptococcus sanguis. a cell-surface component of streptococcus sanguis or a phospholipid-related substance of bacterionema matruchotii appeared to be involved.	1978	277539
the relative cariogenicities of streptococcus milleri and other viridans group streptococci in gnotobiotic hooded rats.		1978	278551
distribution of neisseria, rothia and streptococci in early stages of dental plaque.		1978	279416
the viability of microorganisms in carious lesions five years after covering with a fissure sealant.	carious lesions that were covered with a pit and fissure sealant for five years yielded bacterial cultures that were predominantly negative. sixteen of 18 test sites judged to have active caries in 1972 were found inactive in 1977; ten of 12 sites suspected to have caries in 1972 were deemed to have inactive caries in 1977. sealant treatment resulted in an apparent 89% reversal from a caries-active to a caries-inactive state. these data confirm and extend previous observations that a limited num ...	1978	279600
dental caries in gnotobiotic rats immunized with purified glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguis.		1978	280287
purification and some properties of alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis.	alpha-l-fucosidase acting on naturally occurring substrates was highly purified from the growth culture of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557. the molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 120,000 and the optimal ph was at 5.5. the purified enzyme showed specificity toward the linkage of alpha-(1 leads to 2) fucosides in oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. the enzyme released l-fucose from glycoprotein in human parotid saliva.	1978	281337
characterization of a small plasmid determining resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin, and vernamycin balpha in a strain of streptococcus sanguis isolated from dental plaque.	a plasmid determining resistance to erythromycin (inducible), lincomycin, and vernamycin b(alpha) was isolated from a strain of streptococcus sanguis isolated from dental plaque of a patient who had been on erythromycin therapy for an extended period of time. the plasmid, designated pam77, had a molecular weight of 4.5 x 10(6) and was present to the extent of one to two copies per bacterial chromosome. the plasmid could transform s. sanguis strain challis.	1978	96738
activity of three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives against in vitro dental plaque.	three 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, assessed using an in vitro preformed dental plaque model system, were differentially inhibitory for four plaque-forming microorganisms.	1978	98105
studies on extracellular proteases of streptococcus sanguis. purification and characterization of a human iga1 specific protease.	extracellular caseinolytic activity was found in the culture fluid of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556 grown in a dialyzed culture medium. this activity was due to multiple proteases that differed in their elution from hydroxyapatite, sensitivity to enzyme inhibitors, specificity and optimum ph. iga protease, which splits human immunoglobulin a1 into intact fc and fab could be effectively separated from these relatively non-specific proteases and purified to apparent homogeneity in 20% yield by ...	1978	102357
immunogenic properties of the glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguis omz 9: kinetic study of inhibition by antibodies.	an anti-glucosyltransferase serum was prepared against a pure enzyme preparation from streptococcus sanguis omz 9, which synthesized both soluble and insoluble dextran. sera, crude gamma globulins, and antibody fractions obtained after gel filtration on a bio-gel p200 column were used to study enzyme-antibody interactions. a strong inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity was obtained only with the purified antibody fraction. kinetics studies showed that the anti-glucosyltransferase antibodies ...	1978	78900
competence-related increased enzyme release from streptococcus sanguis (wicky) cells.	the ablity of competent and noncompetent streptococcus sanguis (strain wicky) cells to release enzymes to the environment was studied. both competent and noncompetent cells leaked the enzymes tested (aldolase, phosphatase and deoxyribonuclease), but the activities liberated from the competent cells were always roughly 2-fold higher than those released from noncompetent cells. this increased enzyme leakage from competent cells occured in all kinds of media and procedures employed. the leakage of ...	1978	81592
genital occurrence of oral microbiota.	recent studies indicate that tonsillar gonococcal infection or colonization is fairly common. carriage rates of about 8% have been found. these studies also indicate that oro-genital contacts are common. since very little is known about the amount of oral microbiota transmitted to the genitals, we have studied the occurrence of oral streptococci and neisseria species in urethra and cervix. among 128 patients attending an std-clinic we found 10 carriers of oral streptococci, one streptococcus mit ...	1978	82332
streptococci and the human oral flora.		1978	83002
new areas arising from studies of secretory immunity.		1978	84518
fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v: their relationship to the virulence-associated antigen and to coaggregation with streptococcus sanguis 34.	1) fimbriae from a. viscosus t14v may be similar to those found on other bacteria. 2) the antigenic difference between virulent and avirulent a. viscosus t14 appears to be of a quantitative rather than a qualitative nature and is related to fimbriae and not to the cell wall polysaccharide. 3) coaggregation between a. viscosus t14v and s. sanguis 34 is mediated by fimbriae on the former which have specificity for beta-linked galactosyl residues.	1978	84522
characterization of a new group specific antigen of streptococcus sanguis.		1978	85601
factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions.	various factors affecting the aggregation of actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. when the ph of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. when the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture ph values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. adjusting the final ph of these c ...	1978	30700
mechanism of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34.	actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34 coaggregate by a mechanism which is not inhibited by 1 m nacl, is dextran independent, requires calcium, is ph dependent with an optimum at ph 8.0 to 8.5, and appears to require the interaction of a protein or glycoprotein on a. viscosus with a carbohydrate on s. sanguis. the coaggregation is inhibited more than 80% by 0.01 m lactose, 0.02 m beta-methyl-d-galactoside, or 0.05 m d-galactose; inhibition of coaggregation was less than 10% in 0. ...	1978	30701
enchancement of streptococcal transformation yield by proteolytic enzymes.	trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes, added together with transforming dna or during cell-dna contact to competent cultures of several streptococcal strains, enchanced (10 to 600%) the yield of genetic transformation (stimulation). with few exceptions, the level of stimulation was high (over 100%) when competence was low (below 2%). stimulation was caused by the action of an enzyme on competent cells and not on any other component of transformation mixture. the phenomenon occurred when the enzy ...	1978	30748
interrelationships between lactobacilli and streptococci in plaque formation on a tooth in an artificial mouth.		1978	32164
assay and properties of iga protease of streptococcus sanguis.	an assay procedure for streptococcal iga protease is described which uses isotopically labelled human serum iga as substrate. enzyme activity was monitored by the radioactive counts in the fab alpha product, which was separated from other components in the digestion mixture by electrophoresis. cleavage of iga was linear with respect to time using catalytic amounts of the enzyme. km was calculated to be 5.5 x 10(-6)m, ph optimum 6.0-7.0 at 37 degrees c, and the enzyme was fully inactivated at low ...	1978	33542
attachment of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus to oral surfaces and its possible role in colonization of the mouth and of periodontal pockets.	this investigation examined the ability of cells of bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus 381 to adhere to surfaces that might be important for its initial colonization of the mouth and its subsequent colonization in periodontal pockets. of 48 asaccharolytic strains of b. melaninogenicus, 47 agglutinated human erythrocytes, whereas none of 20 fermentative strains, which included reference cultures of the subspecies intermedius and melaninogenicus, were active. electron microscopy i ...	1978	24002
compounds which affect the adherence of streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite.	several compounds were evaluated in an in vitro assay system for their ability to block the adherence of streptococcus sanguis to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and streptococcus mutans to dextran-coated hydroxyapatitite. fatty acids, ranging from c-12 to c-20, the enzyme amylase, chlorhexidine, human sera, and several serum proteins blocked s sanguis adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. chlorhexidine blocked s mutans adherence to dextran-coated hydroxyapatite, but human sera and serum prote ...	1978	308071
enhanced transformability with heterospecific deoxyribonucleic acid upon removal of nascent ribonucleic acid from the streptococcus sanguis genome.	treatment of streptococcus sanguis recipient cells with rifampin (rif) at the time of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) addition was an effective means of reducing discrimination, that is, of causing an increase in the number of transformants induced by irreversibly bound heterospecific dna without significantly changing the number induced by bound homospecific dna. rif was unable to reduce discrimination when the recipient cells were rif resistant due to an altered ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase. ...	1979	37232
the purification and properties of dextransucrase from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558.	dextransucrase has been purified from the culture fluids of s. sanguis 10558 by a combination of hydroxylapatite, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration steps. two active proteins were isolated with specific activities approaching one order of magnitude higher than other preparations reported. the enzymes have mol. wt. on the order of 100 000 and exhibit ph optima between 5,8 and 6.2. in addition, detailed analysis of one of the enzymes indicates that the enzyme undergoes two ionizations that are impo ...	1979	39674
interactions between human serum proteins and oral streptococci reveal occurrence of receptors for aggregated beta 2-microglobulin.	a total of 31 strains of oral streptococci representing streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitior, streptococcus salivarius, and streptococcus milleri were tested for possible binding of human immunoglobulins g, g1, g2, g3, g4, a1, a2, m1, and m2 and haptoglobin, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. radiolabeled beta 2-microglobulin in aggregated form showed affinity for 20 of the 31 strains tested. binding activity for the protein was found in str ...	1979	90015
penicillin tolerance in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.		1979	91047
primary structure of a human iga1 immunoglobulin. iv. streptococcal iga1 protease, digestion, fab and fc fragments, and the complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 1 heavy chain.	in order to establish the complete amino acid sequence of the human iga alpha1 chain bur, iga1 protease from streptococcus sanguis was employed to generate fabalpha and fcalpha fragments in the final stage of this investigation. cyanogen bromide cleavage of the fabalpha fragment followed by reduction and aminoethylation produced the fd' fragment (residues 84 to 227); this contains part of the variable region (vr), the whole first constant domain (calpha1), and part of the hinge region of this he ...	1979	107164
bacterial endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant streptococcus viridans.	bacterial endocarditis remains a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic problem for clinicians. streptococcus viridans still accounts for 45 to 50 per cent of all cases and between 5 to 10 per cent of all clinical isolates of streptococcus viridans from patients with bacterial endocarditis may be relatively resistant to penicillin. the case of a 9-year-old child with tetralogy of fallot and a waterston shunt who subsequently developed bacterial endocarditis due to penicillin-resistant streptococc ...	1979	109241
deoxyribonucleic acid sequence common to staphylococcal and streptococcal plasmids which specify erythromycin resistance.	plasmids from erythromycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus faecalis show deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology. the homologous sequences can be localized to specific restriction endonuclease fragments, which in the case of s. aureus plasmid pi258 involves a single fragment from either ecori or hindiii digest known to contain the erythromycin resistance determinant. complementary ribonucleic acid probes prepared from s. aureus plasmid pi258 and s. sangu ...	1979	110774
experimental infections with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteroides fragilis in the jaws of dogs.		1979	114906
the isolation and partial characterization of a sulphated glycoprotein from human whole saliva which aggregates strains of streptococcus sanguis but not streptococcus mutans.		1979	120733
stability of the resident microflora and the bacteriocinogeny of streptococcus mutans as factors affecting its establishment in specific pathogen-free rats.	the outcome of the experimental implantation of streptococcus mutans strains in humans and animals is unpredictable, and neither success nor failure can be explained. it seems logical to assume that, apart from dietary and host factors, the characteristics of the s. mutans strain involved and those of the resident plaque microflora are important in colonization. for example, previous work in this laboratory suggested that bacteriocin production accounts at least in part for the establishment of ...	1979	154472
factors affecting the stability of the resident dental plaque microflora of specific pathogen-free rats in relation to the ability to resist colonization by streptococcus mutans.		1979	161701
modification of human parotid saliva proteins by oral streptococcus sanguis.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the effect of streptococcus sanguis on the anionic proteins in human parotid gland saliva. cell-free culture supernatants and washed-cell preparations from 23 strains of s. sanguis caused marked modification of various salivary proteins. control studies showed that the alterations in protein profiles by the bacteria were not due to attachment of protein to the cells. protease inhibitors were used to confirm that proteolysis by distinct enzym ...	1979	282309
changes of serological activity by alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557.	alpha-l-fucosidase isolated from the growth culture of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 acted on h- and leb-blood group substances in porcine gastric lining, human gastric lining, human ovarian cyst fluid and human whole saliva, with consequent loss of h- and leb -activities and a concomitant increase of lea activity.	1979	283098
bacterial endocarditis: a clinical report.		1979	286207
biological activity of secretory iga--comparison of agglutinating specificity with siga and ca++-dependent agglutinin--.	ca++-dependent bacterial agglutinin was isolated from the human parotid saliva by gel filtration of sepharose 2b. the agglutinin appeared in the void volume fractions. treatment of this agglutinin with edta resulted in the loss of its ability to agglutinate the bacteria. standardized solutions of the agglutinin were tested for the agglutinating activity against 18 strains of oral indigenous bacteria. it was found that the agglutinin exhibited varying degrees of activity to all the test strains a ...	1979	286649
acid production from alditols by oral streptococci.		1979	286721
specificity of utilization of human salivary proteins for growth by oral streptococci.		1979	287558
factors influencing the deposition and growth of oral organisms on hard surfaces.		1979	287687
translocation of the pre-synaptic complex formed upon dna uptake by streptococcus sanguis and its inhibition by ethidium bromide.	donor dna in its initially bound, single-stranded form exists in a chromosomally-unassociated complex where it is resistant to exogenous dnase i but sensitive to micrococcal nuclease. most of the complexes are readily recuperable from the supernatant of recipients converted into spheroplasts. subsequent to formation of this superficially located complex, donor dna progressively associates with the recipient chromosome into which it is eventually integrated. treatment of recipients with ethidium ...	1979	287850
fragility of salivary aggregates of streptoccus mutans.		1979	291486
strain differences in binding of parotid saliva basic glycoprotein by oral streptococci.		1979	291626
differential utilization of proteins in saliva from caries-active and caries-free subjects as growth substrates by plaque-forming streptococci.	mixed or parotid saliva from caries-active individuals consistently supported better growth of streptococcus mutans (type c) than that from caries-free individuals. electrophoretic studies revealed that certain proteins in caries-active salivas were susceptible to microbial attack, but similar proteins in caries-free salivas were refractory.	1979	291630
experiments with pulp capping.		1979	291861
structure of extracellular water-soluble polysaccharides synthesized from sucrose by oral strains of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus sanguis and actinomyces viscosus.		1979	292363
comparative study of two variants of the mouth streptococcus sanguis with different colonial morphologies and abilities to adhere.		1979	295202
the epidemiology of dental caries and periodontal disease.	dental caries and periodontal disease are common in industrialized countries and caries is increasing in non-industrialized countries. the predominant method of coping with the disease problem has been to treat rather than prevent the diseases, an approach which has obviously failed to cope with the problem as shown by the results of the international collaborative study of dental manpower systems (58). epidemiological evidence suggests that a food policy directed at lowering the refined sugar c ...	1979	295300
effect of chlorhexidine on the relative proportions of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in hamster plaque.	the effect of chlorhexidine on the proportions of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis in plaque was studied in hamsters fed a diet containing 28% sucrose. in animals given chlorhexidine in their drinking water for 10 d a decrease in the population of s. mutans and an increase of s. sanguis occurred in the plaque. following the removal of chlorhexidine the population of s. mutans increased again in the presence of sucrose and the number of s. sanguis returned to initial values. when an ...	1979	295488
effects of bactericidal treatments on bacterial adherence and dental plaque formation.	in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced when tooth surfaces were subjected to topical applications of iodine (0.2% i2 in 2.0% ki) twice daily for 3 d. similarly, in vivo plaque formation was significantly reduced on enamel surfaces that were subjected to ultraviolet irradiation. control experiments indicated that neither ultraviolet irradiation nor iodine treatment interfered with mechanisms for bacterial apposition to dental plaque. the results are interpreted to suggest that plaque ...	1979	295489
surface ultrastructure of some oral bacteria.	adhesion of streptococcus sanguis, fusobacterium nucleatum and an actinomyces sp. to enamel and epon and their interspecies cohesion was studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. for adhesion studies enamel or epon was coated with salivary macromolecules and then cells of s. sanguis and in some experiments also with f. nucleatum or actinomyces sp. cells of s. sanguis were seen scattered over the surface of a thin "pellicle" that was heavily stained, and f. nucleatum and actinom ...	1979	296564
[plaque flora and dental caries. i. occurrence of streptococcus sanguis types in caries-free and caries susceptible school children].	the reported results suggest that changes in dental plaque flora and its importance for cariesinitiation in man can only be learned about by 1) investigation into different pre- and early caries phases, 2) by still more differentiation of potentially cariogenic microorganisms, according to their biochemical behavior, and 3) by considering other factors influencing the dental plaque flora like toothbrushing habits. the data presented suggest that strep. sanguis type i and iiw might cause cariesin ...	1979	284910
experimental transient bacteraemias in human subjects with clinically healthy gingivae.	thirty-six subjects with no evidence of clinical gingival inflammation underwent a standardized toothbrushing procedure. blood specimens, obtained from a vein in the antecubital fossa during the last 30 seconds of brushing, were cultured under aerobic and stringent anaerobic conditions. three subjects exhibited detectable bacteraemias, propionibacterium sp. being isolated from two of the subjects, while actinomyces sp., streptococcus sanguis and streptococcus mitis were isolated from the third. ...	1979	285080
bacterial aggregating activity in human saliva: simultaneous determination of free and bound cells.	two new assays for saliva-mediated aggregation of oral bacteria have been developed, based on the use of [3h]thymidine-labeled cells. one assay separates free cells from aggregated cells by centrifugation through sucrose, whereas the other utilizes membrane filters (8 micrometers, nuclepore) to effect the separation. comparison of these assays with the turbidity method reveals that they are faster (x20 to 40) and require 10 times less saliva and bacteria. the aggregation of streptococcus sanguis ...	1979	43286
superhelical dna in streptococcus sanguis: role in recombination in vivo.	competent streptococcus sanguis treated with non-lethal doses of coumermycin a1 immediately before or after uptake of radioactive transforming dna were reduced in their capacity to yield transformants. this treatment did not alter bacterial ability to bind dna in dnase i-resistant form, nor did it prevent the single-stranded donor dna-recipient protein complexes formed upon uptake at the surface of the bacteria from translocating to chromosomal sites. inhibition of transformation by heterospecif ...	1979	43456
chemotherapeutic effect of zinc on streptococcus mutans and rat dental caries.		1979	44465
cell surface located dna binding factor occurring in transformable streptococcus sanguis strain wicky.		1979	232423