Publications

monoclonal-antibody-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of reticuloendotheliosis viruses.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis viruses (revs). the assay uses a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (mcas) prepared against a 62-kilodalton rev envelope glycoprotein (gp62) to capture antigen, rabbit anti-rev serum as detection antibody, and peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit igg as indicator antibody. the mcas were reactive with rev strain t, chick syncytial virus, and duck infectious anemia virus but unreactive against marek's d ...	1988	2838016
[therapy of aids].	therapeutic strategies in the management of aids should aim at an inhibition of the replication and spread of hiv; the reconstitution of immune functions; an effective chemotherapy of opportunistic infections and tumors; and the prevention of new opportunistic infections. at present, these goals can be only partially achieved and where beneficial therapeutic results are obtained they are only transient in nature. antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy of infections have, however, resulted in so ...	1988	2849247
purification and properties of a 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (lichenase, 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.73) from bacteroides succinogenes cloned in escherichia coli.	a 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucanase (lichenase, 1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.73) from bacteroides succinogenes cloned in escherichia coli was purified 600-fold by chromatography on q-sepharose and hydroxyapatite. the cloned enzyme hydrolysed lichenin and oat beta-d-glucan but not starch, cm(carboxymethyl)-cellulose, cm-pachyman, laminarin or xylan. the enzyme had a broad ph optimum with maximum activity at approx. ph 6.0 and a temperature optimum of 50 degrees c. the ph of elution f ...	1988	3063255
localization of the kras2 oncogene in the domestic rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus).	the kras2 gene was localized in the rabbit by chromosomal in situ hybridization, using a 3h-labeled human cdna probe. there were 201 silver grains on 144 metaphase spreads; 12.9% of the grains resided on chromosome 16, and 54% of these grains were located close to the centromere at 16p11----q11. statistical analysis indicated that labeling at this region represents a significant deviation from a random distribution and thus provided evidence for the assignment of kras2 to 16p11----q11. in additi ...	1988	3073912
establishment of bacteroides succinogenes and measurement of the main digestive parameters in the rumen of gnotoxenic lambs.	we attempted to determine the degree of diversification of the microflora that allow the establishment of bacteroides succinogenes s85 in the rumen of gnotoxenic lambs. four lambs (group i) received an inoculum orally, composed of 182 noncellulolytic bacterial strains (inoculum 1) previously isolated from the rumen of conventional young lambs. two lambs (group ii) were inoculated with 32 strains (inoculum 2) selected among the 182 strains of inoculum 1. two lambs (group iii) received an inoculum ...	1988	3208206
purification and comparison of the periplasmic and extracellular forms of the cellodextrinase from bacteroides succinogenes.	both the periplasmic and the extracellular cellodextrinases from bacteroides succinogenes s85 grown on avicel microcrystalline cellulose were purified to homogeneity by column chromatography and characterized. over 70% of the total cellobiosidase activity displayed by cells was accounted for by these enzymes. the periplasmic and extracellular cellodextrinases had identical molecular weights (50,000), as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and identical isoele ...	1988	16347660
transmission along and between rods in the tiger salamander retina.	1. the electrical pathways that couple the rods and that link the outer segments of the rods to the coupled network, were evaluated. two separate micro-electrodes were inserted into the inner or outer segments of the same or neighbouring rods under visual control. current was passed through one electrode, and the resulting potential recorded with the other. 2. the input resistance, measured at the inner or outer segment in a rod in the network, is strongly outward rectifying. it is typically nea ...	1988	211229
synaptic connectivity in a crayfish neuromuscular system. ii. nerve-muscle matching and nerve branching patterns.		1988	202684
believed suitability of medical specialties for women physicians.		1988	202621
synergism in degradation and utilization of intact forage cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin by three pure cultures of ruminal bacteria.	pure cultures of ruminal bacteria characterized as using only a single forage polysaccharide (fibrobacter succinogenes a3c, cellulolytic; bacteroides ruminicola h2b, hemicellulolytic; lachnospira multiparus d15d, pectinolytic) were inoculated separately and in all possible combinations into fermentation tubes containing orchard grass as the sole substrate. fermentations were run to completion, and then cultures were analyzed for digestion of cellulose plus degradation and utilization of hemicell ...	1989	16348005
biochemical comparison of migraine and stroke.		1989	184066
catalytic and substrate-binding domains of endoglucanase 2 from bacteroides succinogenes.	endoglucanase 2 (eg2) of the cellulolytic ruminal anaerobe bacteroides succinogenes is a 118-kilodalton (kda) enzyme which binds to cellulose and produces cellotetraose as the end product of hydrolysis. the purified enzyme was treated with the protease trypsin in an attempt to isolate peptides which retained the ability to either hydrolyze soluble carboxymethyl cellulose or bind to insoluble cellulose. there was no loss in endoglucanase activity (carboxymethylcellulase) over a period of 2 h foll ...	1989	2470726
factors affecting adhesion of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 and adherence-defective mutants to cellulose.	fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85, formerly bacteroides succinogenes, adheres to crystalline cellulose present in the culture medium. when the cells are suspended in buffer, adhesion is enhanced by increasing the ionic strength. heat, glutaraldehyde, trypsin, and pronase treatments markedly reduce the extent of adhesion. treatment with dextrinase, modification of amino and carboxyl groups with formalin or other chemical agents, and inclusion of either albumin (1%) or tween 80 (0.5 ...	1989	2619302
molecular cloning and expression in escherichia coli of a cellodextrinase gene from bacteroides succinogenes s85.	a dna fragment coding for a cellodextrinase of bacteroides succinogenes s85 was isolated by screening of a pbr322 gene library in escherichia coli hb101. of 100,000 colonies screened on a complex medium with methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-cellobioside as the indicator substrate, two cellodextrinase-positive clones (cb1 and cb2) were isolated. the dna inserts from the two recombinant plasmids were 7.7 kilobase pairs in size and had similar restriction maps. after subcloning from pcb2, a 2.5-kilobase-p ...	1989	2650617
structure of the cel-3 gene from fibrobacter succinogenes s85 and characteristics of the encoded gene product, endoglucanase 3.	the cel-3 gene cloned from fibrobacter succinogenes into escherichia coli coded for the enzyme eg3, which exhibited both endoglucanase and cellobiosidase activities. the gene had an open reading frame of 1,974 base pairs, coding for a protein of 73.4 kilodaltons (kda). however, the enzyme purified from the osmotic shock fluid of e. coli was 43 kda. the amino terminus of the 43-kda protein matched amino acid residue 266 of the protein coded for by the open reading frame, indicating proteolysis in ...	1989	2676979
ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle-bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets.	ruminal cellulolytic bacteria and protozoa and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa fiber fractions were compared among bison, bison hybrids, and crossbed cattle (five each) when they were fed alfalfa and corn in a ratio of 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50, respectively. the total number of viable bacteria (2.16 x 10(9) to 5.44 x 10(9)/ml of ruminal fluid) and the number of cellulolytic bacteria (3.74 x 10(7) to 10.9 x 10(7)/ml) were not different among groups of animals fed each diet. the genera of protozo ...	1989	2705767
occurrence of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid in feeds, ruminal bacteria and duodenal digesta from defaunated sheep.	a quantitative method of analysis for 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (aep) was developed using reverse-phase hplc. the detection limit for aep was 15 nm, and the detector response (peak area) was linear from aep levels up to 100 microm (r = .99). mean recovery of aep added to strained ruminal fluid from faunated sheep was 98.2%. when aep was added to a fermentation mixture at a concentration of 22.6 micrograms/ml, 78% disappeared during a 24-h incubation. 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid was readily det ...	1989	2715111
development of the cellulolytic microflora in the rumen of lambs transferred into sterile isolators a few days after birth.	seven lambs, separated from their dam 24 h after birth, were kept in a conventional environment until transferred to sterile isolators between 1 and 9 days of age: two on day 1 (ia and ib), two on day 4 (iva and ivb), one on day 8 (viiia), and two on day 9 (ixa and ixb). the lambs were reared in these isolators until 120 days of age. lambs ia, ib, ixa, and ixb were free of cellulolytic bacteria when they were placed in the isolators. they were then inoculated with bacteroides succinogenes s85 wh ...	1989	2731080
effect of season and lactation on postpartum fertility of polypay, dorset, st. croix and targhee ewes.	the objective of this study was to compare rebreeding activities of spring- vs fall-lambing polypay, dorset, st. croix and targhee ewes that either suckled their lambs for 40 d or had lambs weaned at birth. seasonal effects of male fertility were reduced by utilizing an excess number of fertile rams in the spring. plasma concentrations of progesterone were monitored to assess days to the first normal ovulation, days to conception and estrous vs anestrous activity. breed, season and lactation aff ...	1989	2737977
the dilation of arterioles in frog submaxillaris muscle caused by visible light.	transillumination of submaxillaris muscle with incandenscent lamp led to arteriolar dilation if the illuminance exceeded 1-2 x 10(3) lux or reached the time-mean value of 3 x 10(4) lux when a flash lamp was used (pulse duration 10 microseconds, repetition rate 50 s-1). the temperature increase within a light spot on the muscle did not exceed 0.1 degrees c, visible light being the only reason of the dilation of arterioles. at 6.3 x 10(4) lux (incandescent lamp, green filter) the latency of dilati ...	1989	2786511
biological activity of a new neuronal growth factor from injured peripheral nerve.	in response to transection injury, the distal nerve segment produces a soluble neurite promoting factor (sn). in this study, the ability to support neuronal survival and differentiation have been studied. embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons were plated out on collagen substrates and incubated in medium containing either sn or nerve growth factor (ngf). the number of surviving neurons was counted after 1, 2, 4, 7, and 15 days in vitro. after fixation and staining, the diameter of the ...	1989	2805333
purification and properties of an acetylxylan esterase from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	an acetylxylan esterase (ec 3.1.1.6) was purified to apparent homogeneity from the nonsedimentable extracellular culture fluid of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 grown on cellulose. this enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 55 kda and an isoelectric point of 4.0. the temperature and ph optima were 45 degrees c and 7.0, respectively. the apparent km and vmax were 2.7 mm and 9,100 u/mg, respectively, for the hydrolysis of alpha-naphthyl acetate. the enzyme cleaved acetyl residues from birchwood a ...	1990	2082827
serological and morphological observation on the outer membrane of bacteroides succinogenes.		1990	2107350
extracellular beta-galactosidase activity of a fibrobacter succinogenes s85 mutant able to catabolize lactose.	fibrobacter succinogenes s85 is unable to grow with lactose as the source of carbohydrate, although it does exhibit low beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23) activity. spontaneous mutants of strain s85 able to grow on lactose were isolated after spreading cells on a chemically defined agar medium with lactose as the carbohydrate source. a lactose-catabolizing isolate, designated l2, exhibited a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profile and an immunoblot profile with po ...	1990	2128006
site-specific rate constants for iron removal from diferric transferrin by nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) and pyrophosphate.	the kinetics of iron removal from human serum diferric transferrin by nitrilotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ntp) and pyrophosphate (ppi) have been studied in 0.1 m, ph 7.4, n-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonate buffer at 25 degrees c using urea/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the four microscopic rate constants required for a complete description of iron removal from the two transferrin metal-binding sites have been measured at 100 mm concentrations of ntp and ppi. there is very ...	1990	2168158
[determination of intracellular concentration of h+, na+, k+ and atp in bacteroides succinogenes adapted to monensin].	the internal concentrations of the cations h+, na+, k+ and the intracellular atp concentration were measured on b succinogenes adapted to the presence of the ionophore monensin (0.5 microm). adapted bacteria were still able to regulate the intracellular concentrations of na+ and k+, but their internal ph and atp concentration were lower than in control bacteria.	1990	2169758
dna sequence of a fibrobacter succinogenes mixed-linkage beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) gene.	the dna sequence of a mixed-linkage beta-glucanase (1,3-1,4-beta-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase [ec 3.2.1.73]) gene from fibrobacter succinogenes cloned in escherichia coli was determined. the general features of this gene are very similar to the consensus features for other gram-negative bacterial genes. the gene product was processed for export in e. coli. there is a high level of sequence homology between the structure of this glucanase and the structure of a mixed-linkage beta-glucanase from ba ...	1990	2193918
localization of bacterial antigens in calves inoculated orally with ruminal bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium.	localization of bacteria and bacterial materials was investigated in calves inoculated orally with live organisms of both bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium by a immunohistological method using rabbit antiserum against the outer membrane of those organisms and by a scanning electron microscope. the intact organisms of both inoculated bacterial species were detected on the rumen wall and in the lamina propria of the forestomach, and s. ruminantium also in the lymph nodes associa ...	1990	2202844
[use of glucose and cellobiose by 3 strains of fibrobacter succinogenes].	f succinogenes strains s85, 128 and 095 were compared with respect to their growth using glucose and/or cellobiose as the carbon and energy substrate(s) and their capacities to degrade cellulose. the growth rate of f succinogenes strain s85 was the same using glucose or cellobiose, whereas the growth rates of strains 128 and 095 were about thrice the rate when using cellobiose. strain s85 could simultaneously use glucose and cellobiose, while strains 128 and 095 tended to use preferentially gluc ...	1990	2206331
medullary electrosensory processing in the little skate. ii. suppression of self-generated electrosensory interference during respiration.	1. previous studies have demonstrated that the resting activity of electrosensory alln fibers is modulated by the animal's own respiratory activity and that all fibers innervating a single ampullary cluster are modulated with the same amplitude and phase relationship to ventilation. we demonstrate that alln fibers in the skate are modulated in this common-mode manner bilaterally, regardless of receptor group, orientation, or position of the receptor pore on the body surface (fig. 2). 2. ascendin ...	1990	2213659
induction of carcinoembryonic-antigen-gene expression in human colorectal carcinoma by sodium butyrate.	the effect of sodium butyrate on the expression of the carcinoembryonic-antigen (cea) gene was studied in two poorly differentiated colorectal-carcinoma cell lines (clone-a and mip-101) and in one well-differentiated cell line (ls-174t); a.t.c.c. no. ccl 188). northern-blot and dot-blot analyses indicated a steady increase in cea mrna from day 4 to a maximal level by day 14 after these cells were exposed to 2 mm-sodium butyrate. studies using nuclear run-off assays followed by dot-blot hybridiza ...	1990	2268282
detection of bovine antibodies to the outer membrane of ruminal bacteroides succinogenes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa).	the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect bovine serum antibodies directed to the outer membrane antigen of a ruminal bacteria, bacteroides succinogenes. the outer membrane antigen of b. succinogenes was highly reactive against homologous antiserum, compared with rabbit sera raised against b. ruminicola subsp. ruminicola, b. ruminicola subsp. brevis and selenomonas ruminantium. the titers of sera from colostrum-deprived calves were negligible level, while those of sera fro ...	1990	2313950
cellulose digestion and cellulase regulation and distribution in fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85.	fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 initiated growth on microcrystalline cellulose without a lag whether inoculated from a glucose, cellobiose, or cellulose culture. during growth on cellulose, there was no accumulation of soluble carbohydrate. when the growth medium contained either glucose or cellobiose in combination with microcrystalline cellulose, there was a lag in cellulose digestion until all of the soluble sugar had been utilized, suggesting an end product feedback mechanis ...	1990	2339881
regulation and distribution of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 endoglucanases.	the distribution of endoglucanase activities in cultures of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 grown on different carbon sources was examined by a variety of biochemical and immunological techniques. total culture endoglucanase activity was primarily cell associated and was expressed constitutively, although synthesis of endoglucanase 1 (eg1) was repressed by cellobiose. western immunoblotting showed that eg1 and eg3 were released into the culture fluid during growth, while eg2 rem ...	1990	2339882
white noise analysis of temporal properties in simple receptive fields of cat cortex.	we studied the linear and nonlinear temporal response properties of simple cells in cat visual cortex by presenting at single positions in the receptive field an optimally oriented bar stimulus whose luminance was modulated in a random, binary fashion. by crosscorrelating a cell's response with the input it was possible to obtain the zeroth-, first-, and second-order wiener kernels at each rf location. simple cells showed pronounced nonlinear temporal properties as revealed by the presence of pr ...	1990	2390534
distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in calves inoculated orally with ruminal bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium.	distribution of immunoglobulin(ig)-containing cells was investigated in calves inoculated orally with live organisms of both bacteroides succinogenes and selenomonas ruminantium. pathological changes and many ig-containing cells were observed in calves which inoculated three times at 2, 3 and 26 days of age. follicular germinal center was increased in number and size of the lymph nodes associated with the forestomach, suggesting activation of lymph apparatus. in the associated lymph nodes, igg-c ...	1990	2391773
fluorescent-oligonucleotide probing of whole cells for determinative, phylogenetic, and environmental studies in microbiology.	fluorescent-dye-conjugated oligonucleotides were used to classify 14 fibrobacter strains by fluorescence microscopy. on the basis of partial 16s rrna sequences of six fibrobacter strains, four hybridization probes were designed to discriminate between the species fibrobacter succinogenes and fibrobacter intestinalis and to identify f. succinogenes subsp. succinogenes. after in situ hybridization to whole cells of the six sequenced strains, epifluorescence microscopy confirmed probe specificity. ...	1990	1688842
antigenic nature of the chloride-stimulated cellobiosidase and other cellulases of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 and related fresh isolates.	polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the cl-stimulated cellobiosidase of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 reacted with numerous proteins of both higher and lower molecular weights from f. succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85, but not with escherichia coli proteins, and only one protein each from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and ruminococcus albus. different profiles were observed for western blots (immunoblots) of peptide digests of both the purified enzyme from f. succinogenes a ...	1990	1692677
time-related decrease of substance p and cgrp in central and peripheral projections of sensory neurones in mycobacterium leprae infected nude mice: a model for lepromatous leprosy in man.	we have previously shown the depletion of cutaneous calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp)- and substance p-containing nerves in human leprosy. the aims of this study were to investigate the temporal effects of leprosy on nerves in skin and spinal cord. tissues were taken from nude mice, 6 and 12 months after inoculation of mycobacterium leprae into the hind footpads, and from age-matched controls. sections were immunostained with antisera to substance p or cgrp. after 6 months of infection, sub ...	1990	1694240
deoxyribonuclease activity in rumen bacteria.	deoxyribonuclease activity was surveyed in 22 strains belonging to 12 species of rumen bacteria, with lambda bacteriophage dna as substrate. activity was readily detected in broken cell preparations from 15 of these strains. particularly high levels of activity were present in cells and culture supernatant of all 5 strains of bacteroides succinogenes, and 2 out of 6 strains of bacteroides ruminicola, examined.	1990	1366671
the glucagonoma syndrome (necrolytic migratory erythema) and zinc.		1990	184387
esterase activities of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85.	cells of the anaerobic ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 (formerly bacteroides succinogenes) exhibit arylesterase activity. when cells were grown on cellulose, it was found that 69% of the total esterase activity was extracellular while 65% was nonsedimentable upon centrifugation of the culture supernatant at 100,000 x g. disruption of the cells by various different methods failed to increase the esterase activity, indicating that the substrate was fully accessib ...	1990	16348084
adhesion of cellulolytic ruminal bacteria to barley straw.	adhesion of the cellulolytic ruminal bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes to barley straw was measured by incubating bacterial suspensions with hammer-milled straw for 30 min, filtering the mixtures through sintered glass filters, and measuring the optical densities of the filtrates. maximum adhesion of both species occurred at ph 6.0 and during mid- to late-exponential phase. adhesion was saturable at 33 and 23 mg (dry weight) g of straw for r. flavefaciens and f. suc ...	1990	16348278
effects of physicochemical factors on the adhesion to cellulose avicel of the ruminal bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes.	ruminococcus flavefaciens adhered instantly to cellulose, while fibrobacter succinogenes had the highest percentage of adherent cells after about 25 min of contact between bacteria and cellulose. adhesion of r. flavefaciens was unaffected by high concentrations of sugars (5%), temperature, ph, oxygen, metabolic inhibitors, and lack of na. in contrast, the attachment was affected by the removal of divalent cations (mg and ca), the presence of cellulose derivatives (methylcellulose and hydroxyethy ...	1990	16348315
spontaneous mutation of rna tumour viruses.	there are 2 categories of spontaneously occurring avian and mammalian rna tumour virus mutants: conditional and non-conditional. 1) conditional mutants are able to replicate in or transform cells only under certain physiological conditions or in certain cells. rna tumour virus temperature-sensitive mutants, focus-morphology mutants, and host range mutants are spontaneously formed. some of these conditional mutants probably arise by point mutations in the viral genome. 2) non-conditional mutants ...	1990	183260
a comparative study of oxidative enzymatic potential of spermophilus lateralis and spermophilus tereticaudus.		1991	183933
differential fermentation of cellulose allomorphs by ruminal cellulolytic bacteria.	in addition to its usual native crystalline form (cellulose i), cellulose can exist in a variety of alternative crystalline forms (allomorphs) which differ in their unit cell dimensions, chain packing schemes, and hydrogen bonding relationships. we prepared, by various chemical treatments, four different alternative allomorphs, along with an amorphous (noncrystalline) cellulose which retained its original molecular weight. we then examined the kinetics of degradation of these materials by two sp ...	1991	16348578
alpha-glucuronidase and other hemicellulase activities of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 grown on crystalline cellulose or ball-milled barley straw.	fibrobacter succinogenes produces an alpha-glucuronidase which cleaves 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid from birch wood 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronoxylan. very low levels of alpha-glucuronidase activity were detected in extracellular enzyme preparations of f. succinogenes on birch wood xylan substrate. the release of 4-o-methyl-alpha-d-glucuronic acid was enhanced when the birch wood xylan substrate was predigested by either a purified schizophyllum commune xylanase or a cloned f. succinogenes ...	1991	16348603
rueben e. olson (1900-1977).		1991	333930
male pseudohermaphroditism presumably due to target organ unresponsiveness to androgens. deficient 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding in cultured skin fibroblasts.	maximum specific 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (dht) binding activity (bmax) had been measured in intact confluent monolayers representing fibroblast strains derived form nongenital and genital (labium majus) skin of normal individuals and of 11 patients fulfilling the clinicogenetic criteria of complete testicular feminization (tf). nine labium majus strains from adult females had a mean bmax value three times greater than that of seven nongenital strains from adult females (33 vs. 11 fmol/mg cell ...	1991	182718
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a new medical therapy for hypertension?		1991	207928
degradation of cellulose and forage fiber fractions by ruminal cellulolytic bacteria alone and in coculture with phenolic monomer-degrading bacteria.	we hypothesized that bacterial species capable of metabolizing phenolic monomers may act as catalysts for forage fiber breakdown by increasing microbial access to cell wall polysaccharides. ruminal cellulolytic bacteria alone and in combination with phenolic-degrading bacteria were examined for differences in their ability to degrade fiber fractions of alfalfa or bromegrass. electron micrographs of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 cultured in combination with the ruminal phenolic-degrading organisms ...	1991	1667013
development of the rumen digestive functions in lambs placed in a sterile isolator a few days after birth.	the development of the rumen digestive functions was studied in lambs placed in sterile isolators at 1, 4, 8 or 9 days of age to define the role of the bacterial species that colonize the rumen just after birth. the values of the main rumen digestive parameters (ph, concentrations of volatile fatty acid, ammonia, lactic acid) in these lambs were close to those observed in conventional controls. likewise, the digestive utilisation of the dry matter and starch was comparable in isolated and contro ...	1991	1768310
role of glia in k+ and ph homeostasis in the neonatal rat spinal cord.	stimulation-evoked transient changes in extracellular potassium ([k+]e) and ph (phe) were studied in the neonatal rat spinal cords isolated from 3-13-day-old pups. in unstimulated pups the [k+]e baseline was elevated and phe was more acid than that in ringer's solution (3.5 mm k+, ph 7.3-7.35). the [k+]e and phe in 3-6-day-old pups was 3.91 +/- 0.12 mm and phe 7.19 +/- 0.01, respectively, while in 10-13-day-old pups it was 4.35 +/- 0.15 mm and 7.11 +/- 0.01, respectively. the [k+]e changes evoke ...	1991	1828787
cloning of a xylanase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes 135 and its expression in escherichia coli.	a genomic library consisting of 4- to 7-kb ecori dna fragments from fibrobacter succinogenes 135 was constructed using a phage vector, lambda gtwes lambda b, and escherichia coli ed8654 as the host bacterium. two positive plaques, designated lambda fsx101 and lambda fsx102, were identified. the inserts were 10.5 and 9.8 kb, respectively. a 2.3-kb ecori fragment that was subcloned from lambda fsx101 into pbr322 also showed xylanase activity. southern blot analysis showed that the cloned ecori fra ...	1991	1913358
molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of endoglucanase genes from fibrobacter succinogenes ar1.	a cosmid gene library was constructed in escherichia coli from genomic dna isolated from the ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter succinogenes ar1. clones were screened on carboxymethyl cellulose, and 8 colonies that produced large clearing zones and 25 colonies that produced small clearing zones were identified. southern blot hybridization revealed the existence of at least three separate genes encoding cellulase activity. prc093, which is representative of cosmid clones that produce large clearing zon ...	1991	2014986
the involvement of transcriptional read-through from internal promoters in the expression of a novel endoglucanase gene fsenda, from fibrobacter succinogenes ar1.	two distinct mrna transcripts were synthesized in escherichia coli during expression of fsenda, an endoglucanase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes ar1. expression of fsenda required a ribosomal frameshift between open reading frame 1 (orf1) and orf2 to allow contiguous translation of a 453 amino acid protein (1). the primary transcript initiated upstream of orf1 and the secondary transcript from within orf1. both transcripts terminated downstream of orf2 and termination was essential for endogl ...	1991	2027774
the hydrolysis of lucerne cell-wall monosaccharide components by monocultures or pair combinations of defined ruminal bacteria.	the defined ruminal bacterial strains fibrobacter succinogenes s85, ruminococcus flavefaciens fd1, ruminococcus albus 7, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens d1, and bacteroides ruminicola ga33 were grown, in monocultures or as combinations of pair strains, on isolated lucerne cell-walls (cw) as the sole carbohydrate substrate. fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was the dominant strain determining extent of cw hydrolysis in all combinations with s85. the hydrolysis of cellulose, xylan, hemicellulose side-sugars, ...	1991	2030098
assessment of abdominal fat deposition in female cynomolgus monkeys.	computed tomography (ct) was used to assess abdominal fat distribution in adult, female cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis). the technique used was similar to that applied in human beings and allowed intra-abdominal, subcutaneous and total abdominal fat to be quantitated in 1 cm thick sections. correlations between single scans and the average of scans at several levels ranged from r = 0.96 to r = 1.00, indicating that a single scan is representative of abdominal fat distribution. signific ...	1991	2045214
cellobiose uptake by the cellulolytic ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter (bacteroides) succinogenes.	cellobiose transport by the cellulolytic ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter (bacteroides) succinogenes was measured using randomly tritiated cellobiose. when assayed at the same concentration (1 mm), total cellobiose uptake was one-fourth to one-third that of total glucose uptake. the abilities of f. succinogenes to transport cellobiose or glucose were not affected by the sugar on which the cells were grown. aspects of the simultaneous transport of [14c(u)]glucose and [3h(g)]cellobiose, the failure of ...	1991	2059920
endafs, a novel family e endoglucanase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes ar1.	the complete nucleotide sequence of endafs, an endoglucanase gene isolated from the ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter succinogenes ar1, was determined. endafs encodes two overlapping open reading frames (orf1 and orf2), and it was proposed that a -1 ribosomal frameshift was required to allow contiguous synthesis of a 453-amino-acid endoglucanase. a proline- and threonine-rich region at the c terminus of orf1 and rare codons for arginine and threonine were coincident with the proposed frameshift site. ...	1991	1708767
structure of the clostridium thermocellum gene licb and the encoded beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase. a catalytic region homologous to bacillus lichenases joined to the reiterated domain of clostridial cellulases.	the nucleotide sequence of the clostridium thermocellum gene licb, coding for a thermoactive beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase, has been determined. the gene is located downstream, but in opposite orientation to the beta-glucosidase gene bgla. a coding region of 1002 bp is flanked by canonical promoter and transcription terminator sequences. the primary translation product of the licb gene has a predicted molecular mass of 37,896 da. the protein sequence can be divided into several discrete segments: an n- ...	1992	1740123
dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria.	the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ...	1992	1295484
structure of holo-chaperonin studied with electron microscopy. oligomeric cpn10 on top of two layers of cpn60 rings with two stripes each.	a structural model of holo-chaperonin, known as a protein-folding control protein comprising 60 kda (cpn60) and 10 kda polypeptides (cpn10), is proposed based on the electron microscopic images of holo-chaperonin from thermus thermophilus and cpn60 from paracoccus denitrificans. isolated paracoccus cpn60 shows very similar images to those of escherichia coli tetradecameric cpn60, a seven-membered ring in the top view and a rectangular shape with four stripes in the side view. however, a small nu ...	1992	1347504
presynaptic dopaminergic inhibition of the spinal reflex in rats.	dopaminergic influence on spinal monosynaptic transmission was examined in rats. monosynaptic mass reflex (mmr) was recorded from the ventral root l6 following supramaximal stimulation (0.2 hz; 0.1 ms) to the ipsilateral dorsal root l6 in spinalized rat under pentobarbitone sodium (40 mg/kg, i.p.) anaesthesia. mmr was inhibited by intravenous administration of the dopaminergic agonist, apomorphine (50-200 ug/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. the attenuatory effect of apomorphine (200 ug/kg i.v.) o ...	1992	1352179
effects of glycerol on the growth, adhesion, and cellulolytic activity of rumen cellulolytic bacteria and anaerobic fungi.	the effect of glycerol on the growth, adhesion, and cellulolytic activity of two rumen cellulolytic bacterial species, ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes, and of an anaerobic fungal species, neocallimastix frontalis, was studied. at low concentrations (0.1-1%), glycerol had no effect on the growth, adhesion, and cellulolytic activity of the two bacterial species. however, at a concentration of 5%, it greatly inhibited their growth and cellulolytic activity ...	1992	1368974
use of dna probes to monitor nutritional effects on ruminal prokaryotes and fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	we used dna probes to study dietary effects on the prokaryotic population in the rumen. procedures used to isolate and quantify prokaryotic 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) from the rumen using universal and species-specific dna probes were evaluated. in this experiment, three ruminally fistulated steers were fed orchard-grass hay, and ruminal digesta were collected at 0, 3, and 9 h after offering hay (0800). samples of ruminal digesta were taken from the interior portion of the digesta mat and from the ...	1992	1374753
two beta-glucosidase activities in fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	few bacteria are capable of degrading crystalline cellulose but there is considerable interest in the properties of enzyme systems with this capability. in the bovine and ovine rumen the principal cellulolytic bacterium is fibrobacter (formerly bacteroides) succinogenes. the cellulase system of this organism is composed of multiple enzyme components, including a constitutive and cell-associated beta-glucosidase active against cellobiose. the properties of the beta-glucosidase activity have been ...	1992	1399917
degradation of maize stem by two rumen fungal species, piromyces communis and caecomyces communis, in pure cultures or in association with cellulolytic bacteria.	two species of rumen fungi, piromyces (piromonas) communis fl and caecomyces (sphaeromonas) communis fg10, were cultured alone or in association with the cellulolytic bacteria ruminococcus flavefaciens or fibrobacter succinogenes on maize stem. a kinetic study of the degradation of the substrate was then made. after 48 h of culture, all non-lignified tissues observed by scanning electron microscopy disappeared with p communis and degradation was as complete as that observed in the rumen. in cont ...	1992	1418394
ultrastructure and biosynthetic activity of polyploid atrial myocytes in patients with mitral valve disease.	biopsies of right auricle of human heart have been obtained during open heart surgery from 6 patients aged 23 to 49. the dna and total protein content have been determined in isolated myocytes by two-wavelength scanning cytophotometry after double staining: feulgen and naphthol yellow s. in all the biopsies predominant are polyploid hypertrophied myocytes. both hypertrophied non-degenerating cells and cells with different extent of degenerative changes, primarily of myofibrils and membranes, are ...	1992	1533947
purification, characterization, and mode of action of endoxylanases 1 and 2 from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	two different endoxylanases (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolases, ec 3.2.1.8), designated 1 and 2, have been purified by column chromatography to apparent homogeneity from the nonsedimentable extracellular culture fluid of the strictly anaerobic, ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85 grown on crystalline cellulose. endoxylanases 1 and 2 were shown to be basic proteins of 53.7 and 66.0 kda, respectively, with different ph and temperature optima, as well as different substrate hydrolysis ch ...	1992	1539970
futile cycling of glycogen in fibrobacter succinogenes as shown by in situ 1h-nmr and 13c-nmr investigation.	glycogen was synthesized during all the growth phases in the rumen anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes. glycogen synthesis and degradation were monitored using in situ 13c and 1h-nmr spectroscopy in resting cells of f. succinogenes. the cells were incubated at 37 degrees c under anaerobic conditions with [1-13c]glucose and [2-13c]glucose. 1h-nmr spectra were used to quantify enrichment by 13c of metabolism products. glucose was utilized for energy requirements of the bacter ...	1992	1628646
enzymes associated with metabolism of xylose and other pentoses by prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola strains, selenomonas ruminantium d, and fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	prevotella (bacteroides) ruminicola strains b(1)4 and s23 and selenomonas ruminantium strain d used xylose as the sole source of carbohydrate for growth, whereas fibrobacter succinogenes was unable to metabolize xylose. prevotella ruminicola strain b(1)4 exhibited transport activity for xylose. in contrast, f. succinogenes lacked typical xylose uptake activity but did exhibit low binding potential for the sugar. prevotella ruminicola strains b(1)4 and s23 as well as s. ruminantium d showed low x ...	1992	1643581
type ii dna restriction-modification system and an endonuclease from the ruminal bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	fibrobacter succinogenes is an important cellulolytic bacterium found in the rumen and cecum of herbivores. numerous attempts to introduce foreign dna into f. succinogenes s85 have failed, suggesting the presence of genetic barriers in this organism. results from this study clearly demonstrate that f. succinogenes s85 possesses a type ii restriction endonuclease, fsui, which recognizes the sequence 5'-gg(a/t)cc-3'. analysis of the restriction products on sequencing gels showed that fsui cleaves ...	1992	1644754
effect of ph and monensin on glucose transport by fibrobacter succinogenes, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium.	fibrobacter succinogenes s85, a cellulolytic ruminal bacterium, required sodium for growth and glucose uptake. cells which were deenergized with iodoacetate (500 mum) could not take up [c]glucose. however, deenergized cells which were treated with valinomycin, loaded with potassium, and diluted into sodium or sodium plus potassium to create an artificial electrical gradient (deltapsi) plus a chemical gradient of sodium (deltapna) or deltapna alone transported glucose at a rapid rate. cells which ...	1992	16348682
diagnostic value of crossed vs uncrossed acoustic reflexes: eighth nerve and brain stem disorders.	acoustic reflexes to crossed (sound in one ear; probe in opposite ear) and uncrossed (sound and probe in the same ear) stimulation were obtained from 17 patients with eighth nerve or brain stem disorders and 20 normal control subjects. comparison of crossed and uncrossed reflex thresholds provided an important diagnostic tool for differentiating the eighth nerve from the brain stem site. egihth nerve disorders were usually characterized by diagonal reflex patterns. in contrast, brain stem disord ...	1992	195563
consumer evaluation of natural therapists and general practitioners.	in recent years orthodox medicine has been extensively criticized while alternative therapies have increasingly attracted the interest of patients. a consumer evaluation of alternative therapists and general practitioners is reported and implications are discussed. the study determined also that a significant number of the natural therapy patients felt their therapist provided a primary health care service. the characteristics of this group and reasons for their affiliation are considered.	1992	195186
saturation-transfer spectroscopy.		1993	206804
effects of condensed tannins on endoglucanase activity and filter paper digestion by fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	the effect of condensed tannins from birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus l.) on the cellulolytic rumen bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was examined. condensed tannins inhibited endoglucanase activity in the extracellular culture fluid, at concentrations as low as 25 mug ml. in contrast, cell-associated endoglucanase activity increased in concentrations of condensed tannins between 100 and 300 mug ml. inhibition of endoglucanase activity in both the extracellular and the cell-associated ...	1993	16348990
[sexual dimorphism of various cytochemical indicators and the phagocytic activity of the neutrophils in albino mice].		1993	202119
interactions between proteolytic and cellulolytic rumen bacteria during hydrolysis of plant cell wall protein.	during the degradation of the plant cell wall protein of dried alfalfa, interactions may occur between hydrolytic activities of cellulolytic (ruminococcus albus or fibrobacter succinogenes) and proteolytic (prevotella ruminicola or butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) bacteria. in vitro the hydrolysis of these protein compounds begins after the depolymerization of the cell wall polysaccharides has started. maximal degradation of cell wall protein of dried alfalfa (37.2%) was obtained with cocultures of pr ...	1993	8216756
digestion of cell-wall monosaccharides of ryegrass and alfalfa hays by the ruminal bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.	the ruminal bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes strains s85 and bl2 were grown in monocultures or in coculture with strain d1 of butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and the solubilization of ryegrass and alfalfa cell walls (cw) and digestion of cw monosaccharides were measured. fibrobacter succinogenes monocultures and cocultures with b. fibrisolvens d1 degraded 58-69% of ryegrass cw, solubilizing 67-78% of cw glucose, 65-71% of cw xylose, 69-75% of hemicellulose, and 68-77% of total cw monosaccharides. wh ...	1993	8221378
separation of outer and cytoplasmic membranes of fibrobacter succinogenes and membrane and glycogen granule locations of glycanases and cellobiase.	the outer membrane (om) of fibrobacter succinogenes was isolated by a combination of salt, sucrose, and water washes from whole cells grown on either glucose or cellulose. the cytoplasmic membrane (cm) was isolated from om-depleted cells after disruption with a french press. the om and membrane vesicles isolated from the extracellular culture fluid of cellulose-grown cells had a higher density, much lower succinate dehydrogenase activity, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophor ...	1993	8226622
effects of dilution rate and ph on the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85 in cellulose-fed continuous culture.	the ruminal cellulolytic bacterium fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was grown in cellulose-fed continuous culture at 22 different combinations of dilution rate (d, 0.014-0.076 h-1) and extracellular ph (6.11-6.84). effects of ph and d on the fermentation were determined by subjecting data on cellulose consumption, cell yield, product yield (succinate, acetate, formate), and soluble sugar concentration to response surface analysis. the extent of cellulose conversion decreased with increasing d. first ...	1993	8239881
the xync gene from fibrobacter succinogenes s85 codes for a xylanase with two similar catalytic domains.	the xync gene of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 codes for a 66.4-kda xylanase which consists of three distinct domains separated by two flexible regions rich in serine residues. domains a and b of xync code for catalytic domains with 56.5% identity and 9.6% similarity with each other, and both domains share homology with xylanases of ruminococcus flavefaciens, neocallimastix patriciarum, clostridium acetobutylicum, bacillus pumilus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus circulans. more than 88% of the x ...	1993	8244936
supplemental protein influences on carbohydrate degradation and bacterial 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid.	this research examined the mechanism by which soybean protein stimulates growth of mixed ruminal anaerobes and degrades structural polysaccharides in vitro. soybean meal, isolated soy protein, or branched-chain vfa was added to orchardgrass hay substrate in experiment 1. cell-wall degradation increased 14.5% over that of the control by protein addition. protein addition resulted in 1.3- to 1.5-fold increases in bacterial growth. hybridization with a 16s probe specific for fibrobacter succinogene ...	1993	8270691
analysis of bacterial phospholipid markers and plant monosaccharides during forage degradation by ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes in co-culture.	marker components of the phospholipids of ruminococcus flavefaciens and fibrobacter succinogenes were identified for studies on the degradation of forage by these bacteria growing in mixed culture. the principal fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals detected varied between strains and were influenced by the addition of a mixture of higher volatile fatty acids and vitamins to the medium, but these effects were small compared to the differences between the species. when two strains of r. f ...	1993	8277262
the effect of tetronasin and monensin on fermentation, microbial numbers and the development of ionophore-resistant bacteria in the rumen.	the gram-negative rumen bacteria fibrobacter succinogenes s85, prevotella ruminicola m384 and veillonella parvula l59 were grown in media containing successively increasing concentrations of the ionophores, monensin and tetronasin. all three species became more resistant to the ionophore with which they were grown. increased resistance to one ionophore caused increased resistance to the other, and cross-resistance to another ionophore--lasalocid--and an antibiotic--avoparcin. recovery of tetrona ...	1993	8407673
inhibition of ruminal cellulose fermentation by extracts of the perennial legume cicer milkvetch (astragalus cicer).	cicer milkvetch (astragalus cicer l.) is a perennial legume used as a pasture or rangeland plant for ruminants. a study was undertaken to determine whether reported variations in its ruminal digestibility may be related to the presence of an antinutritive material. in vitro fermentation of neutral detergent fiber (ndf) of cicer milkvetch by mixed rumen microflora was poorer than was the fermentation of ndf in alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). fermentation of cicer milkvetch ndf was improved by preex ...	1993	8434909
nutrient transport by ruminal bacteria: a review.	fermentation pathways have been elucidated for predominant ruminal bacteria, but information is limited concerning the specific transport mechanisms used by these microorganisms for c, energy, and n sources. in addition, it is possible that changes in ruminal environmental conditions could affect transport activity. five carrier-mediated soluble nutrient transport mechanisms have been identified in bacteria: 1) facilitated diffusion, 2) shock sensitive systems, 3) proton symport, 4) na+ symport, ...	1994	7730197
gene sequence and analysis of protein domains of egb, a novel family e endoglucanase from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	the endoglucanase gene (endb) of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 encodes a protein of 555 amino acids (egb) with a m(r) of 62,500. egb shows homology with cellulases belonging to family e. residues involved in the catalytic activity of celd from clostridium thermocellum are also found in egb. structure predictions suggest that egb, like celd, comprises a large alpha-helical catalytic domain plus a beta-strand domain of unknown function located in the n-terminal part of the protein. construction of ...	1994	7851752
[rumen bacterial metabolism as affected by extracellular redox potential].	the redox potential (eh) in the digestive tract of ruminants varies mostly within the ranges from -300 to +200 mv, in the rumen medium: from -130 to -200 mv. eh and ph changes are of a linear character. enhanced fermentation moves eh towards negative values and improves growth of microorganisms. eh values become even more negative as affected by na2s, naoh, cysteine and nahso3. addition of picrate, sodium nitrate, hydrochloric acid, copper sulphate, gaseous oxygen and particularly heavy metals ( ...	1994	7974836
phosphorylation of glucose by a guanosine-5'-triphosphate (gtp)-dependent glucokinase in fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85.	cell extracts of fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes s85 phosphorylated glucose with a gtp-dependent glucokinase. the enzyme showed little activity with atp (12% of that with gtp). of other phosphate donors tested, only dgtp and itp gave high glucokinase activities. dialyzed extracts required mg+2 and k+ for maximal activity. in potassium phosphate buffer, glucokinase showed maximum activity at ph 7.5 with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as the coupling enzyme. in this assay, glucokin ...	1994	7979872
degradation and utilization of forage hemicellulose by rumen bacteria, singly in coculture or added sequentially.	procedures for sequential addition experiments were developed to study the mechanisms involved in the synergistic and inhibitory interactions observed in forage hemicellulose digestion by rumen bacterial cocultures. one organism was allowed to ferment a forage substrate, the culture tube was sterilized and then inoculated with a second organism. no differences were found in the extent of degradation or utilization between fermentations sterilized by oxidation or heat, and based on ease of handli ...	1994	8002478
enzymatic specificities and modes of action of the two catalytic domains of the xync xylanase from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	the xylanase xync of fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was recently shown to contain three distinct domains, a, b, and c (f. w. paradis, h. zhu, p. j. krell, j. p. phillips, and c. w. forsberg, j. bacteriol. 175:7666-7672, 1993). domains a and b each bear an active site capable of hydrolyzing xylan, while domain c has no enzymatic activity. two truncated proteins, each containing a single catalytic domain, named xync-a and xync-b were purified to homogeneity. the catalytic domains a and b had similar ...	1994	8021170
features of the cellodextrinase gene from fibrobacter succinogenes s85.	the nucleotide sequence of a 2.3-kb dna fragment containing a cellodextrinase gene (ceda) from the ruminal anaerobe fibrobacter succinogenes s85 was determined. activity was expressed from this fragment when it was cloned in both orientations in pbluescript ks+ and sk-, indicating a functional f. succinogenes promoter in escherichia coli. promoter sequences (ttgaaca and aataa) were identified upstream of the atg initiation codon preceded by a putative ribosome binding site. the ceda open reading ...	1994	8076254
interactions between rumen bacterial strains during the degradation and utilization of the monosaccharides of barley straw cell-walls.	pure cultures and pair-combinations of strains representative of the rumen cellulolytic species ruminococcus flavefaciens, fibrobacter succinogenes and butyrivibrio fibrisolvens were grown on cell-wall materials from barley straw. of the pure cultures, r. flavefaciens solubilized straw most rapidly. the presence of b. fibrisolvens, which was unable to degrade straw extensively in pure culture, increased the solubilization of dry matter by r. flavefaciens and the solubilization of cell-wall carbo ...	1994	8157547
the use of 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes to study competition between ruminal fibrolytic bacteria: development of probes for ruminococcus species and evidence for bacteriocin production.	a total of six oligonucleotide probes, complementary to the 16s rrna, were evaluated for quantitative and determinative studies of ruminococcus albus and ruminococcus flavefaciens. on the basis of specificity studies, probes for r. albus (probe ral196) and r. flavefaciens (probe rfl196) were selected to quantitate these species in mixed culture. in combination with a fibrobacter succinogenes s85 subspecies probe (sub1) and a domain bacteria (formerly kingdom eubacteria) probe (eub338), they were ...	1994	7527201
the use of 16s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probes to study competition between ruminal fibrolytic bacteria: pure-culture studies with cellulose and alkaline peroxide-treated wheat straw.	specific oligonucleotide probes targeted to sites on the 16s rrna of ruminococcus albus 8, ruminococcus flavefaciens fd-1, and fibrobacter succinogenes s85 and a domain bacteria probe were used to study bacterial interactions during the fermentation of cellulose and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw in monocultures, dicultures, and tricultures. results showed that r. albus 8 inhibited the growth of r. flavefaciens fd-1 when grown as a diculture with cellulose or alkaline hydrogen pe ...	1994	7527202
taxon-specific probes for the cellulolytic genus fibrobacter reveal abundant and novel equine-associated populations.	a total of six 16s rrna targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to quantify fibrobacter abundance and diversity in the gastrointestinal contents of a pony. approximately 12% of the total 16s rrna extracted from cecal contents hybridized with a fibrobacter genus-specific probe and a fibrobacter succinogenes species-specific probe. however, no significant hybridization was observed with a probe for the species. fibrobacter intestinalis or with three probes for f. succinogenes subspecies. this su ...	1995	7538274