Publications

influence of dietary protein levels on susceptibility of pullets to experimental fowl typhoid.		1983	6637158
[trial of trimedin action on chickens].	investigations were carried out with a total of 421 broiler birds (four-line cornish x plymouth rock hydbrids) within the age range of 2 days to 5 weeks. determined was the acute toxicity of the combination sulfadimidine (sdm) + trimetoprim (tmp)--5 + 1 and the water-soluble formula of trimedin following the intraingluvial introduction with week-old birds. ld50 of the combinations sdm+tmp (5+1) was 3980 mg/kg (2780: 5690), and that of trimedin was 2038 mg/kg body mass. the biologic half-life of ...	1983	6607565
[cocks with experimentally induced acute typhoid].	acute typhoid infection was induced in cocks of the new hampshire breed at the age of 14 months within the period of intense productivity. bacteriologically, there were in the viscera of cocks died of the acute infection organisms of salmonella gallinarum--the isolates were from the heart, liver, spleen, and testis, while in the viscera of infected birds that were killed no such organisms were isolated. histologically, there were necrobiotic and degenerative lesions in the epithelial cells of th ...	1984	6474821
[relation of salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum auxotrophicity to the ability to grow on simmons' medium].	a total of 9 s. typhi strains and 1 s. gallinarum strain isolated from clinical material are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan. the growth of s. typhi is accelerated in a glucose- and tryptophan-containing minimal medium with cysteine and methionine added. s. typhi strains are incapable of using sodium citrate as the only source of carbon. s. typhi cannot grow on simmons citrate agar as these organisms are auxotrophic with respect to tryptophan and incapable of using sodium citrate as the o ...	1984	6524173
[effect of levamisole on white mice and on the immunological reactivity of guinea pigs].	investigations were carried out on the protective action of therapeutic doses of levamisole (pharmachim) on mice with a ld100 salmonella gallinarum infection. studied was also the effect of levamisole on the immunologic response of guinea pigs infected with salmonella cholerae suis. it was found that therapeutic amounts of 3 mg/kg levamisole applied to mice following respective patterns protected them against a lethal dose of s. gallinarum. the animals showed enhanced resistance to the infection ...	1985	4035985
[biological action and hygienic regulation of diisobutylphthalate in the air of the work environment].		1985	4092974
[effect of fenitrothion (agria-1050) and phosalone (agria-1060) on the immunological reactivity of sheep].	studied was the effect of the preparations phenitrothion (agria-1050) and phosalon (agria-1060) on the immunologic reactivity of sheep through following up the phenomena of agglutination and phagocytosis at the injection of a salm. gallinarum antigen. an unknown property of these preparations was established, consisting in the stimulation of some defense immunobiologic processes in the body of animals, at their application in minimum doses per os, simultaneously with the injection of a bacterial ...	1985	4090266
biliverdin production in chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinaceum.	chickens infected with the malarial parasite plasmodium gallinceum produced green droppings: the predominant pigment was biliverdin. droppings of identical appearance were produced by chicks injected with phenylhydrazine, a haemolytic agent: it is concluded that the catabolism of haemoglobin resulting at least in part from malarial haemolysis produces excess bile pigments which appear in the droppings. other chicken diseases in which green droppings are "a characteristic objective symptom are fo ...	1985	18766933
direct demonstration of high transepithelial chloride-conductance in normal human sweat duct which is absent in cystic fibrosis.	the transepithelial electrical potential difference (vt) and the transepithelial resistance (rt) were measured across individual microdissected sweat ducts obtained from biopsies of the scapular region of normal human volunteers and of a cystic fibrosis (cf) patient. during luminal and contraluminal perfusion with nacl ringer solution vt and rt were -10.7 +/- 1.1 (mv, lumen negative) and 10.9 +/- 1.7 (omega x cm2). bilateral substitution of cl- by gluconate increased vt and rt to -42.7 +/- 5.1 ( ...	1986	3822760
effects of intra- and extracellularly applied phospholipases c on excitability of squid giant axons.	the effects of phospholipases c on the membrane excitability of the squid giant axon were investigated using phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase c of bacillus cereus, and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c of bacillus thuringiensis. when the squid axon was perfused internally with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c in kf or k-glutamate solution, the action potential was blocked in 4-7 min and membrane resistance decreased with time to a le ...	1986	2877512
screening of medicinal plants of rwanda (central africa) for antimicrobial activity.	a series of 100 medicinal plants of rwanda (282 plant samples) has been screened for antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, candida albicans, mycobacterium smegmatis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella gallinarum and staphylococcus aureus. thirty percent of the plants tested showed activity against one or more microorganisms.	1986	3747558
[biochemical characteristics of the causative agent of fowl typhoid].	studied were the biochemical properties of a total of 563 salmonella strains divided into two biotypes--s. gallinarum (542) and s. pullorum (21). the first ones were isolated from typhoid foci of chickens, poults, turkeys, pheasants, guinea fowls, pigeons, and starlings that had died of septicaemia. one strain was isolated from a 4-month-old pig. the s. pullorum strains originated from epizootiologically linked foci of pullorosis, being isolated from live chicken carriers, dead embryos, and down ...	1986	3765371
increased collateralization of the cerebellothalamic pathway following neonatal hemicerebellectomy.	the postlesional reorganization of the cerebellothalamic cells was here studied using a multiple retrograde tracing technique. to this purpose, the cerebellothalamic cell population was investigated in 3 groups of adult rats: (a) cases hemicerebellectomized at birth; (b) cases hemicerebellectomized in adulthood; and (c) control unlesioned ones. in all of the groups the fluorescent tracers diamidino yellow and fast blue were injected bilaterally in the thalamus and the retrograde labeling obtaine ...	1986	3708349
protein, lactose and fat concentration of breast milk of mothers of term and premature neonates.	the protein, lactose and fat concentrations in the milk of seven mothers giving birth at term and six mothers giving birth prematurely were determined. samples were obtained during the first 31 days of lactation. the protein, lactose and fat concentrations of preterm milk were found to be similar to those of fullterm milk over this period. for both term and preterm groups, protein concentration decreased with increasing age, while lactose concentration increased. fat concentration did not show a ...	1987	3439943
contribution of salmonella gallinarum large plasmid toward virulence in fowl typhoid.	four strains of salmonella gallinarum isolated from independent cases of fowl typhoid all possessed both an 85-kilobase and a 2.5-kilobase plasmid. each plasmid was eliminated in turn from one of the strains by transposon labeling and curing at 42 degrees c. elimination of the small plasmid had no effect on the high virulence of the strain for newly hatched and 2-week-old chickens. whereas oral inoculation of 2-week-old chickens with the parent strain produced 90% mortality with characteristic s ...	1987	3804442
[antibacterial activity of chlorquinaldol esters and 2-styryl-substituted derivatives].	studied was the bacteriostatic activity of a total of 17 new esters and replaced 2-styryl derivatives of chlorquinaldol. determined were also the lowest concentrations that suppressed the growth of organisms. some of the compounds showed higher activity and broader spectrum of antibacterial qualities, mainly against escherichia coli, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella cholerae suis as compared to the initial therapeutic preparation chlorquinaldol. it was found that the presence of chlorine at ...	1987	3672924
the aging ovary.	aging of the human ovary is a continuous process that begins intra utero with the demise of the first crop of oocytes. the process continues throughout life with the relentless attrition of the oocyte's capital through three fundamental events: follicle degeneration or atresia, corpus luteum formation, and transformation of varying cell populations from atretic and luteal complexes into stromal cells. the ultimate consequence of ovarian aging is the modulation of this organ from a follicle-rich, ...	1987	3543537
[changes in the iron content, erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood of poultry with acute experimental fowl typhoid].	the dynamic was followed up of the concentration of iron in the blood serum and the liver, of the erythrocyte count, of the haematocrit value of blood, and of the haemoglobin level in chickens of the new hampshire breed at the age of 300 days, with experimentally induced acute typhoid. it was found that blood serum iron dropped abruptly as early as the second day of infection, whereas the level of iron in the liver rose. the erythrocyte count dropped almost twice as early as the second day follo ...	1987	3629966
amino acid sequence of up1, an hnrnp-derived single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus.	the up1 single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus (herrick, g. & alberts, b.m. (1976) j. biol. chem. 251, 2124-2132) has recently been shown to be a proteolytic fragment derived from the a1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnrnp) (pandolfo et al. (1985) nucleic acids res. 13, 6577-6590). the nh2-terminus of the 22,162 dalton up1 protein appears to be blocked, which suggests that up1 represents the nh2-terminal two thirds of this 32,000 dalton hnrnp protein. the comple ...	1987	3032834
use of membrane proteins from salmonella gallinarum for prevention of fowl typhoid infection in chickens.	outer membrane protein isolated from salmonella gallinarum was examined at different concentrations with or without a mineral-oil adjuvant for its immunogenicity and protection against live challenge. a formalin-killed whole-cell bacterin of the same organism was used for comparison. the results suggested that membrane proteins from s. gallinarum give better protection than formalin-killed whole-cell bacterin. addition of an oil adjuvant to the protein appeared to increase the efficiency of the ...	1987	3442522
[potential manifestation of fowl typhoid in chicks fed salmonella gallinarum-contaminated feed].	the possibility was checked to infect young birds with fowl typhoid through feeding them with s. gallinarum--contaminated forage. the three test groups of birds were kept on the floor of one and same premise, and a fourth group was kept separately in isolation. the feed offered to the first and second test group was contaminated at the rate of 5.10(8) and 1.2.10(8) microbial cells, respectively. with the first group, where feed contamination was at the rate of 6.10(6) s. gallinarum cells per bir ...	1987	3629960
amino acid sequence of up1, an hnrnp-derived single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus.	the up1 single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein from calf thymus (herrick, g. & alberts, b.m. (1976) j. biol. chem. 251, 2124-2132) has recently been shown to be a proteolytic fragment derived from the a1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnrnp) (pandolfo et al. (1985) nucleic acids res. 13, 6577-6590). the nh2-terminus of the 22,162 dalton up1 protein appears to be blocked, which suggests that up1 represents the nh2-terminal two thirds of this 32,000 dalton hnrnp protein. the comple ...	1987	3032834
internal pars plana sclerotomy with the contact nd:yag laser: an experimental study.	transvitreal pars plana sclerotomy using the contact nd:yag laser with a sapphire probe was performed on a group of rabbit eyes and compared with a similar procedure performed with a ziegler knife. although the intraocular pressure (iop) was lowered in both groups of animals, the reduction was greater and more lasting in the group on which the nd:yag laser with sapphire probe was used. this technique may have application in cases with extensive peripheral anterior synechiae or where a vitrectomy ...	1988	3417390
effect of salmonella gallinarum infection on zinc metabolism in chicks.	the effect of salmonella gallinarum infection in chicks on serum, liver, and kidney zinc concentrations was studied. within 48 h after intraperitoneal administration of the organism, serum zinc declined to approximately one-half the control value. in one experiment, the serum zinc concentration remained low for the 12 days of the experiment, whereas in a second experiment, the concentration gradually increased after 6 days postinoculation but never returned to the control value. feeding as much ...	1989	2704684
[salmonella gallinarum field isolates of the biovars pullorum and gallinarum].	in 40 cases salmonellae of the serovar salmonella (s.) gallinarum were culturally isolated from domesticated gallinaceous birds submitted for diagnostic purposes in the period of 1979-1989. on the basis of the cultural and biochemical features found 35 of them could be assigned to the biovar pullorum and 5 to the biovar gallinarum. of 35 isolates of the biovar pullorum, 29 were isolated from pure bred chickens of small fancy-exhibition type flocks, 4 from floor-housed adult brown hybrid laying h ...	1989	2764874
[salmonella gallinarum biovar gallinarum as the cause of a highly acute septicemic disease in adult laying hens kept in battery cages].	early in the summer of 1988 two flocks each of them consisted of about 7500 brown laying hens of a heavy hybrid line were affected by fowl typhoid. the birds have been bought at the age of 20 weeks and housed in two buildings placed close together in one farm. the disease started in flock i at the age of 26 weeks and in flock ii at the age of 36 weeks. in repeated trials amoxicillin was effective in the treatment of fowl typhoid when given in the drinking water for ad libitum consumption over a ...	1989	2791912
proposed revisions to the serological typing system for treponema hyodysenteriae.	antisera were prepared in rabbits against seven well-characterized strains of treponema hyodysenteriae of known serotype, and reacted in agarose gel double immunodiffusion tests (agdp) with lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from 18 western australian isolates of the organism. eight isolates were provisionally typed by this method, but sera raised against one 'typed' and two 'untypable' local isolates reacted in an unexpected fashion with lps from other local and type strains. serum raised again ...	1989	2492944
neomycin induces high-affinity agonist binding of g-protein-coupled receptors.	neomycin, an inositol-phospholipid-binding aminoglycoside antibiotic, is known to interfere with signal transduction mechanisms involving phospholipase c as effector enzyme. in this study, we report that neomycin can also markedly influence agonist binding of g-protein-coupled receptors. in membranes of differentiated human leukemia cells (hl 60 cells), neomycin (0.1-10 mm) was found to induce high-affinity binding of the chemotactic tripeptide, n-formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (fmet-leu-ph ...	1989	2556274
distribution, oxygenation, and clonogenicity of macrophages in a murine tumor.	transplantable murine tumors, such as the squamous cell carcinoma growing in c3h mice, include a significant proportion of normal cells. the nature of these cells, their locations relative to the blood supply, their oxygenation status, and ability to incorporate 3h-thymidine were examined by sorting cells staining positive or negative with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat antimouse igg. of the cells that were recovered from this tumor, 39% +/- 19 (n = 25) were igg+ cells, and this perc ...	1989	2639726
functional homology of virulence plasmids in salmonella gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. typhimurium.	the virulence-associated plasmids of strains of salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum were transferred separately by mobilization with the f plasmid into virulence plasmid-cured derivatives of s. gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. typhimurium and into a prototrophic escherichia coli k-12 strain. the transconjugants were tested for virulence in chickens of different ages and in mice. the s. gallinarum and s. pullorum plasmids were able to restore full virulence in the three salmonella strains, thus ...	1989	2674016
feasibility of using proteins from salmonella gallinarum vs. 9r live vaccine for the prevention of fowl typhoid in chickens.	proteins from a field strain of salmonella gallinarum msg1 were compared with 9r live vaccine strain for their protection against experimental fowl typhoid in chickens. proteins from s. gallinarum gave better protection than the 9r live vaccine as measured by clearance of challenge organism from internal organs. proteins given twice with an adjuvant at 200 micrograms/100 g body weight resulted in 95% protection, compared with 60% protection with 9r given orally. the 9r live vaccine produced more ...	1989	2775089
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of kitasamycin in healthy and diseased broilers.	the pharmacokinetics of kitasamycin after intravenous and oral administration in a dose of 300 mg/kg b.wt. was studied in 18 healthy and 18 salmonella gallinarum naturally infected chickens. the tissue residue of the studied antibiotic was estimated in 36 normal chickens when it was given orally for 7 successive days. therapeutic level of kitasamycin was achieved after 15 minutes and persisted for 20-22 hours after its oral administration. higher serum kitasamycin concentrations were recorded in ...	1990	2209453
immunity to experimental fowl typhoid in chickens induced by a virulence plasmid-cured derivative of salmonella gallinarum.	chickens were immunized by two intramuscular inoculations at 1 and 14 days of age with virulence plasmid-cured derivatives of salmonella gallinarum and were challenged 14 days later by oral inoculation of ca. 50 50% lethal doses (ld50) of fully virulent s. gallinarum 9. mortality in the nonimmunized and immunized groups were 36 and 3%, respectively. this difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01). a significant reduction in mortality was also produced following oral challenge with 5,00 ...	1990	2194968
a survey of infectious diseases in wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) from arkansas.	wild turkeys (meleagridis gallopavo silvestris) trapped as part of a relocation program by the arkansas game and fish commission were tested for selected infectious diseases and parasites. the 45 birds were trapped at four locations in pope, scott, and montgomery counties (arkansas, usa). forty-four blood samples for serology, 27 blood smears and 12 fecal samples were collected. of the serum samples tested, 20 of 44 (45%) were positive for pasteurella multocida by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...	1990	2250323
diploidization of bovine oocytes matured in vitro and parthenogenetically activated by electric shock.	bovine in vitro matured oocytes were parthenogenetically activated by a single pulse of direct current. suppression of second polar body extrusion by 60 v dc-pulse followed by cytochalasin b treatment or 240 v dc-pulse were used to diploidize parthenogenones. analysis of the cytological events 20 h postactivation clearly documented high efficiency of both diploidization techniques. all oocytes exposed to a single 60 v dc-pulse and then to cytochalasin b for 3 to 6 h were activated and 70% to 88% ...	1990	2257933
cloning and dna sequence analysis of the serc-aroa operon from salmonella gallinarum; evolutionary relationships between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic aroa-encoded enzymes.	the serc-aroa operon of salmonella gallinarum was isolated from a gene library using a labelled oligonucleotide probe and by complementation of an aroa escherichia coli strain. the nucleotide sequence of a 2.6 kbp fragment was determined. the predicted amino acid sequence of the aroa gene product was compared to the equivalent sequence from ten other organisms. computer-generated evolutionary trees clearly divide the eleven sequences into four different groups: gram-negative bacteria, gram-posit ...	1991	2045774
the use of two live attenuated vaccines to immunize egg-laying hens against salmonella enteritidis phage type 4.	laying hens aged 24 weeks were vaccinated twice, separated by a 2-week interval, with spectinomycin-resistant mutants of either the salmonella gallinarum 9r vaccine or a rough, aroa insertion mutant of a s. enteritidis phage type 4 strain. the 9r strain was given intramuscularly, the rough, aroa mutant both intramuscularly and orally. two weeks after the second vaccination the immunized and a control group of unimmunized birds were challenged with a nalidixic acid-resistant mutant of a fully vir ...	1991	18680065
[natural and experimental infection of rodents (rattus norvegicus) with salmonella gallinarum].	thirty five (35) rats (rattus norvegicus) were trapped in the area of four egg producing poultry farms and were examined for salmonella spp., micro-biologically. the samples were taken from liver, spleen and intestinal content. cultures were made directly in macconkey agar, in selenite broth and rappaport vassiliadis at 37 degrees c and 43 degrees c. five strains of s. gallinarum and one strain of salmonella subgroup ii were isolated from the intestinal content of six rats. an experimental study ...	1992	1524579
in-vitro and in-vivo characteristics of tnphoa mutant strains of salmonella serotype gallinarum not invasive for tissue culture cells.	insertion mutants of a strain of salmonella serotype gallinarum, the cause of fowl typhoid, were produced with transposon tnphoa. eight mutants were identified as being less invasive in cell culture than the parent strain. neither the parent strain nor the mutants showed mannose-sensitive haemagglutination of various red blood cell species. although two mutants gave mannose-resistant (mr) haemagglutination of red cells of different animal species these mr activities could not be correlated with ...	1992	1613777
a disc elisa for the detection of salmonella group d antibodies in poultry.	an elisa using lipopolysaccharide antigens prepared from salmonella gallinarum and s enteritidis was developed for the serological diagnosis of fowl typhoid and s enteritidis infection in poultry. there was good agreement between the results of the elisa and conventional serological tests when samples from naturally infected birds and s enteritidis immunised birds were tested. some cross reactions were observed when serum samples from s typhimurium infected birds were tested by elisa. subsequent ...	1992	1620974
serum, disc and egg elisa for the serodiagnosis of salmonella gallinarum and s. enteritidis infections in chickens.	an elisa was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of fowl typhoid and paratyphoid due to salmonella enteritidis in chickens. the hot phenol: water lipopolysaccharide (lps) extract of salmonella was used as the antigen. chicken serum, eggs and discs impregnated with chicken blood were tested for the presence of antibodies against salmonella factor 'o' 9 antigen. the substrate and chromogen used were hydrogen peroxide and orthophenylenediamine respectively. serological results from the experimentally a ...	1992	1381107
serological response of chickens to infection with salmonella gallinarum-s. pullorum detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the serological response to salmonella pullorum and s. gallinarum infection in chickens was studied with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in broiler chickens, a more virulent strain of s. pullorum produced a significantly lower serum igg titer than did a less virulent strain. in laying hens, the serum and egg-yolk igg titers were very similar. in chickens infected with s. gallinarum, high igg titers persisted for 30 weeks. in chickens reinfected with this strain, each reinf ...	1992	1385699
is icrf-187 [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane] unusually reactive for an imide?	the hydrolysis of icrf-187 and two model compounds, 4-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione (4-mp) and 3-methylglutarimide (3-mg), was investigated over the neutral to alkaline ph range at 25 degrees c and an ionic strength of 0.5 (sodium chloride). the purpose of the study was to correlate the influence of molecular changes to the reactivity of these imides. additionally, an improved chromatographic resolution of all the components of the degradation and nmr confirmation of the identity of the degradation ...	1992	1409381
identification of mutations in the pigment cell-specific gene located at the brown locus in mouse.	the pigment cell-specific gene, located at the brown (b)-locus in mouse, encodes the protein that determines the type of melanin synthesized. this protein is known as tyrosinase-related protein, but here we tentatively term it b-locus protein to avoid confusions with the related sequence cross-hybridizing to the tyrosinase gene. in order to identify the mutation at the b-locus, we have cloned and characterized the b-locus protein gene of balb/c mouse (b/b, c/c). the gene is about 18 kb long and ...	1992	1409444
interleukin 6: a fibroblast-derived growth inhibitor of human melanoma cells from early but not advanced stages of tumor progression.	recently we reported that human dermal fibroblasts, or conditioned media obtained from such cells, affect the growth of human melanoma cells as a direct function of tumor progression: melanoma cells obtained from early-stage (metastatically incompetent) primary lesions were growth inhibited, whereas cells obtained from more advanced (metastatically competent) primary lesions, or metastases, were growth stimulated. ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography of fibroblast conditioned medium re ...	1992	1409627
[the selection of salmonella gallinarum, salmonella pullorum and escherichia coli in chickens after chloramphenicol administration].	the effect of a chloramphenicol administration was examined on the selection of e. coli of the chicken intestinal flora, and of the infectious s. gallinarum and s. pullorum strains. on the other hand, an effort was made to detect the frequency of the resistance transmission of e. coli to above mentioned sensitive salmonella strains. fourteen chicken, 12 infected and 2 negative controls were used. it was found that the enteric e. coli strains became resistant in a week's time. besides, the strain ...	1992	1471974
characterization of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum by plasmid profiling and biochemical analysis.	one-hundred-and-five strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum, biovar pullorum and 43 strains of biovar gallinarum were characterized by biochemical reactions, and 95 strains of biovar pullorum and 32 strains of biovar gallinarum were examined for plasmid content. twenty-one (66%) of the strains classified as biovar gallinarum contained a 85-kb virulence plasmid. six of these strains also contained a 2.5-kb plasmid. ten strains (31%) were without plasmids. ninety-three strains (98%) bel ...	1992	18670961
efficacies of novel n-halamine disinfectants against salmonella and pseudomonas species.	six novel n-halamine compounds of potential importance as disinfectants to the food-processing industry were tested against salmonella enteritidis, salmonella gallinarum, salmonella typhimurium, and pseudomonas fluorescens in aqueous solution. inactivation times for 10-fold reductions were determined as a function of water quality at ph 6.5 and 25 degrees c. phenol coefficients for the efficacies of the compounds against s. enteritidis have been reported also. when both stability and efficacy da ...	1992	16348692
ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. part ii: antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants.	a total of 315 extracts/fractions from 63 traditionally used ethiopian plants were subjected to antimicrobial screening using known strains of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella gallinarum, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae and candida albicans. the agar plate well-diffusion method was used at a sample concentration of 1000 micrograms/ml; it was found that all of the plants showed activity against one or more of the microorganism(s). direct aqueous ...	1993	8412246
evolutionary origin and radiation of the avian-adapted non-motile salmonellae.	multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to estimate chromosomal genotypic diversity and relationships among 131 isolates of the non-motile salmonella biotypes gallinarum and pullorum (serotype 1, 9, 12:-:-) that cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. thirteen electrophoretic types (ets), marking clones, were distinguished, and construction of a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree revealed three lineages: one consisted of five ets of gallinarum, a second included seven ets ...	1993	8429538
construction of an aroa mutant of salmonella serotype gallinarum: its effectiveness in immunization against experimental fowl typhoid.	an aroa mutant was produced from a virulent strain of salmonella gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid in poultry, by tn10 insertional inactivation and deletion. the mutant was highly attenuated for chickens. a single intramuscular immunization of 2-week-old chickens with 10(7) mutant organisms reduced mortality following oral challenge with 10(8) organisms of the parent strain from 63 to 30%. in a second experiment multiple immunizations with 10(8) mutant organisms reduced mortality a ...	1993	8470431
research note: differential chemotaxis of physarum polycephalum to salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum.	the chemotactic and chemotropic responses of the plasmodial stage of the slime mold physarum polycephalum were used to distinguish salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum from 10 salmonella serovars that are commonly isolated from domestic poultry. utilizing an in vitro plasmodium agar plate assay method, p. polycephalum was attracted to s. gallinarum and s. pullorum, but the organism was repelled by salmonella derby, salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella heidelberg, salmon ...	1993	8479960
resistance to salmonella gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. enteritidis in inbred lines of chickens.	chickens of six inbred lines were inoculated intramuscularly with a range of doses of either salmonella gallinarum, s. pullorum, or s. enteritidis, and levels of mortality were compared. for each serotype, large differences in mean lethal doses were observed for the different lines: lines that had previously been shown to be resistant to s. typhimurium were also found to be resistant to s. gallinarum, s. pullorum, and s. enteritidis, and lines susceptible to s. typhimurium were also more suscept ...	1993	8452495
cloning and molecular characterization of a gene involved in salmonella adherence and invasion of cultured epithelial cells.	our laboratories have independently identified a gene in salmonella choleraesuis and salmonella typhimurium that is necessary for efficient adherence and entry of these organisms into cultured epithelial cells. introduction of a mutated gene into several salmonella strains belonging to different serotypes rendered these organisms deficient for adherence and invasion of cultured cells. this effect was most pronounced in the host-adapted serotypes salmonella gallinarum, s. choleraesuis, and salmon ...	1993	8382333
salmonella control--past, present and future.	the perception of salmonella infection as a problem to the poultry industry has changed as the industry itself has changed. other factors include increasing awareness of health and food quality. acquisition of more information on the microbiology of salmonella and the epidemiology of infection in poultry and man, have not, with a few exceptions, enabled us to eliminate salmonella from poultry and from the food chain. control of the poultry pathogens s. pullorum and s. gallinarum, the major patho ...	1993	18671051
ribotypes of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovars gallinarum and pullorum.	ninety-four isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum and forty-one isolates of biovar gallinarum were ribotyped using the enzymes, hindiii, ecori and smai, and a digoxigenin-labelled e. coli-derived rrna probe. using hindiii, 13 profile types were observed within biovar gallinarum and 12 within biovar pullorum. the most common types accounted for 39% of biovar pullorum isolates and 47% for biovar gallinarum. ecori digests revealed two profile types within biovar pulloru ...	1993	18671057
salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum in layers: epidemiological investigations of a recent outbreak in denmark.	despite the fact that no firm evidence was obtained, epidemiological investigations of a recent danish outbreak of fowl typhoid indicated that the infection might have been introduced by contaminated crates from a german slaughterhouse. fourteen danish and five german isolates of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum obtained from recent outbreaks in denmark and germany were characterized by phenotypic and genomic methods. phenotypic characters, plasmid profiling, plasmid rest ...	1994	18671116
host specificity of salmonella infection in chickens and mice is expressed in vivo primarily at the level of the reticuloendothelial system.	by experimental infection, host-specific salmonella serotypes were shown to demonstrate specificities for chickens, mice, and other laboratory animals. following oral inoculation, four strains of salmonella gallinarum and two s. pullorum strains, isolated from diseased poultry, were more virulent for chickens than for mice. by contrast, four strains each of s. choleraesuis and s. dublin, isolated from diseased pigs and cattle, respectively, were more virulent for mice than for chickens. these re ...	1994	7927727
use of live and inactivated salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 vaccines to immunise laying hens against experimental infection.	four groups of dekalb delta commercial layer hens (8 hens per group) were reared individually in cages in an isolation unit. at the age of 8 weeks, groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated with 9r salmonella gallinarum live (9r live) vaccine. at the age of 18 weeks, group 1 was re-vaccinated with 9r live s. enteritidis vaccine, while groups 2 and 3 were vaccinated with s. enteritidis bacterin. at the age of 22 weeks, groups 2 and 3 were re-vaccinated with s. enteritidis bacterin. group 4 was not vaccinate ...	1994	7949358
[differentiation of salmonella gallinarum rough and smooth strains using gas chromatography analysis of their cell-bound fatty acids].	the whole cell fatty acids of 7 field isolates of smooth (s)-type s. gallinarum strains and 3 isolates of rough (r)-type s. gallinarum strain 9r were determined by the liquid-gas-chromatography using the microbial identification system (mis, microbial id, inc. [midi, newark, delaware usa]). the profiles of the bacterial cellular fatty acids of the s- and r-type isolates differ in the number as well as in the quantity of the fatty acids. on the basis of these differences the s-type isolates could ...	1995	7495417
[antimicrobial activity and interaction with dna of medicinal plants from the peruvian amazon region].	decoctions of four plants used for the treatment of different infections by indigenous groups of the peruvian amazon, i.e. abuta grandifolia, cyperus articulatus, gnaphalium spicatum and pothomorphe peltata were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by the "stroke method" in agar plates. tested organisms included staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, salmonella gallinarum, klebsiella pneumoniae, candida albicans, pseudomonas aeruginosa and mycobacterium gordonae. all decoctions showed antimicr ...	1995	8850132
dna fingerprint analysis of standard, intermediate, and variant antigenic types of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum.	dna fingerprint profiles and antigenic types of 150 salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum field isolates and seven reference strains were evaluated. field isolates were submitted to the national veterinary services laboratories (nvsl), ames, iowa, between oct. 1, 1990, and aug. 20, 1991. three antigenic types (standard [n = 96], intermediate [n = 50], and variant [n = 4]) were identified among the field isolates. the ncii fingerprint profiles of all field isolates were identical ...	1995	8561745
host restriction phenotypes of salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum.	salmonella typhi and salmonella gallinarum phenotypes correlated with mouse host restriction have been identified by using in vitro and in vivo systems. s. typhi is capable of entering the murine intestinal epithelium via m cells, as is salmonella typhimurium, which causes systemic infection in the mouse. but, unlike s. typhimurium, s. typhi does not destroy the epithelium and is cleared from the peyer's patches soon after m-cell entry. s. gallinarum appears to be incapable of entering the murin ...	1995	7591067
detection of salmonella gallinarum and s. typhimurium dna in experimentally infected chicks by polymerase chain reaction.	dna detection with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as a mean of identifying salmonella infection in chickens was compared with the conventional culture procedure. dna was extracted from organs of experimentally infected chicks with either s. gallinarum or s. typhimurium. the pair of primers used were those directed at the inva gene. bacteria isolation was done by inoculating the pre-enrichment media with samples. as was expected a 284 bp fragment dna was amplified from extracted dna of infected ...	1995	7756427
examination by elisa of sera obtained from chicken breeder and layer flocks showing evidence of fowl typhoid or pullorum disease.	an indirect elisa using soluble whole cell antigen was used to screen serum samples obtained from breeder and layer flocks some of which had shown clinical or bacteriological evidence of infection with salmonella gallinarum or s. pullorum. there was good correlation between salmonella infection and the presence of serum samples showing high optical density (od) values. sera from seven flocks showing high values were retested using group d (0-1, 9, 12) lipopolysaccharide (lps) and g,m-h flagella ...	1995	18645798
correlation between viable counts of salmonella gallinarum in spleen and liver and the development of anaemia in chickens as seen in experimental fowl typhoid.	isogenic strains of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar gallinarum harbouring rflp variants of the virulence plasmid and the parent strains, were given orally to 1-week-old white leghorn cockerels. differences in viability and pattern of behaviour of the strains in the tissues were observed during the course of infection. viable counts from the spleen and liver, the development of haematological changes in the form of anaemia, and pathological lesions were shown to be correlated. none ...	1996	18645897
reduction in incidence of experimental fowl typhoid by incorporation of a commercial formic acid preparation (bio-add) into poultry feed.	the experiment described evaluated the effect of a commercial in-feed preparation (bio-add) involving a mixture of formic acid and propionic acid on the incidence of experimental fowl typhoid in groups of 41 and 42 1-wk-old rhode island red chickens. the chickens were infected through contact with 12 identical chickens that had been inoculated orally with 10(8) cfu of salmonella gallinarum strain 9. the incidence of mortality and morbidity due to fowl typhoid was 31/41 (76%) in birds given untre ...	1996	8778726
differentiation of salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum by their whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester profiles.	the whole-cell fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles of salmonella (s.) gallinarum and salmonella (s.) pullorum strains were compared in the computer-linked gas-liquid chromatography. the profiles of whole cellular fames allow the separation and identification s. gallinarum and s. pullorum by the microbial identification system and so can be used for their differentiation.	1996	8794698
[salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infection of poultry: experiences in switzerland].	37 salmonella gallinarum-pullorum-strains were isolated from dead poultry between 1986 and 1996. all strains except one belonged to the biovar pullorum. 33 isolates were from fancy poultry flocks, four from backyard flocks. 10 of 12 chicks and 10 of 25 adult birds showed clinical signs of disease. the growing significance of fancy and backyard flocks as a reservoir for s. gallinarum-pullorum is emphasized in view of the increase in free range management of commercial layer and broiler flocks.	1997	9480540
status of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections in poultry in zambia.	ten outbreaks of salmonella gallinarum-pullorum infections on poultry farms in zambia were investigated. three cases were seen in day-old broiler chickens and were diagnosed by culture as s. gallinarum-pullorum and characterized as pullorum disease because the mortality was only in the first few weeks. another case was diagnosed by culture from broiler parent stock. day-old chicks from two of the three cases were supplied by a hatchery. five cases in 5-to-18-month-old layer chickens were diagnos ...	1997	9201422
immunoprophylaxis of salmonella gallinarum infection by salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines in broiler chicks.	research on the control of intestinal and tissue colonization of breeder and table-egg producing flocks by invasive salmonella enteritidis (se) has focused on the advancement of anti-salmonella feed additives, microbiological strategies, and the development of vaccines. recent investigations in our laboratories have concentrated on the development of immunoprophylactic measures to control salmonella infections. we have found an increased resistance to salmonella enteritidis (se) organ infectivit ...	1997	9192048
lead disrupts eicosanoid metabolism, macrophage function, and disease resistance in birds.	lead (pb) affects elements of humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and diminishes host resistance to infectious disease. evidence is presented supporting a hypothesis of pb-induced immunosuppression stemming from altered fatty acid metabolism, and mediated by eicosanoids and macrophages (mo). chronic pb exposure increases the proportion of arachidonate (ara) among fatty acids in lipid from avian tissues, and this change provides precursors for eicosanoids, the oxygenated derivatives of ara that m ...	1997	9404672
comparison of immune responses of two salmonella gallinarum strains viewed as possible vaccines for fowl typhoid in kenya.	the immune responses of two s. gallinarum strains, l46 and cn 180, were compared in 15-week-old cockerels. the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assayed by means of the indirect haemagglutination test (iha) and the macrophage migration inhibition test (mit), respectively. birds were vaccinated with the two vaccines, respectively, and bled for sera (for iha) and cells (for mit) every week up to the seventh week, post vaccination, then every alternate week, three times, and later onc ...	1998	9741049
purification and characterization of phospholipase c of salmonella gallinarum.	phospholipase c was isolated from an outbreak strain of salmonella gallinarum with ciprofloxacin extraction, dialysis, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and chromatofocussing. purified phospholipase c (mol wt. 65 kda; isoelectric point, pi 3.5) was resistant to pasteurization, stomach enzyme (pepsin), bacterial protease and lipase but lost its activity on trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment. it was sensitive to ph > or = 8.0. it was haemolytic, embryotoxic, enterohaemorrhagic, lethal to ...	1998	10093508
effect of a commercial competitive exclusion culture (preempt) on mortality and horizontal transmission of salmonella gallinarum in broiler chickens.	a commercial competitive exclusion (ce) culture (preempt) was evaluated for its ability to decrease mortality during the first 10-12 days posthatch resulting from the causative agent of fowl typhoid, salmonella gallinarum. in the first experiment, chicks provided the ce culture on day of hatch and challenged with 10(5) s. gallinarum on day 3 had a significant decrease in mortality compared with non-ce-treated s. gallinarum-challenged chicks in all four replicates. mortality for control chicks wh ...	1998	9876831
the presence of genes homologous to the k88 genes faeh and faei on the virulence plasmid of salmonella gallinarum.	a tn3 insertion mutation was produced in the virulence plasmid of a strain of salmonella gallinarum which conferred avirulence by parenteral and oral routes but which was also less invasive following oral inoculation. the transposon was found to have inserted near an open reading frame (orf) with no homologies in the data banks. this orf was adjacent to two additional orf's with a high degree of homology of escherichia coli genes encoding the minor structural subunits (faeh and faei) of the k88 ...	1998	9503619
variants of smooth salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grow to higher cell density than the wild type are more virulent.	salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis that grows to a higher cell density (se-hcd) than wild type while retaining o-chain lipopolysaccharide was isolated by transforming wild type serovar enteritidis with the cell density sensor plasmid psb402 and selecting for bioluminescence. a luminescent strain, se-hcd, that emitted light in proportion with cell density and opacity through stationary phase was isolated. after a peak cell density of 1.5 x 10(11) cfu/ml was observed, luminescence decreased, ...	1998	9603830
protection of chickens against experimental fowl typhoid using a nuog mutant of salmonella serotype gallinarum.	a nuog mutation in nadh dehydrogenase i was introduced into a virulent strain of salmonella serotype gallinarum, the causative agent of fowl typhoid, using gene replacement with a nuog open reading frame inactivated by insertion of dna encoding a kanamycin resistance determinant. the s. gallinarum nuog mutant, named sg9ngk, was highly attenuated in chickens. sg9ngk colonized the caeca of chickens less efficiently than the s. gallinarum parental strain, was less invasive and showed no evidence of ...	1998	9682335
basic findings and current developments in sphingolipidoses.	sphingolipidoses are caused by recessively inherited deficiencies of lysosomal hydrolases. the clinical backgrounds of and current biochemical and genetic approaches to the different forms and variants of gangliosidoses, trihexosylceramidosis (fabry's disease), galactosylceramidosis (krabbe's disease), sulfatidoses (metachromatic leukodystrophies), glucosylceramidosis (gaucher's disease), sphingomyelinoses (niemann-pick disease) and ceramidosis (farber's disease) are presented.	1998	108196
morphologic effects of thio-tepa on mammalian urothelium. changes in abnormal cells.	morphologic changes induced by thio-tepa were examined in animals with chemically induced neoplasms. both toxic and metabolic effects were documented. degeneration, vacuolization and increased exfoliation (toxic) were most prominent, occurred within 48 hours of exposure, and tended to subside after removal of the drug. nuclear changes (metabolic) were rare and occurred late. neither toxic nor metabolic effects were specific for thio-tepa: both could be detected in control animals receiving salin ...	1998	104512
fetal erythropoiesis in stress hematopoiesis.	fetal erythropoiesis occurs during chronic bone marrow failure, or during recovery from marrow suppression. fetal erythrocytes have hb f, with more g gamma than a gamma chains, "i" antigen, large mcv, characteristic enzyme levels, low carbonic anhydrase, low hb a2, and short life span. many of these fetal characteristics are present in the red cells of patients with temporary or chronic hematopoietic stress. in those in whom normal hematopoiesis ensues, the fetal erythrocytes disappear. the feta ...	1998	95616
subsite interactions and ribonuclease t1 catalysis: kinetic studies with apgpc and apgpu.		1998	107963
the future of laam.		1998	106294
hemolysis induced by cefazolin and cephalothin in a patient with penicillin sensitivity.	a patient with penicillin sensitivity, who had never received a cephalosporin antibiotic previously, developed anemia and spherocytosis following the administration of cefazolin. hemolysis abated when the drug was discontinued on the fourth day, and recurred on day six when cephalothin therapy was begun. igg and complement components were present on the patient's erythrocytes, and igg antibodies in her serum reacted with normal red blood cells which had been coated with benzylpenicillin, cefazol ...	1999	96555
interconversion and characterization of d and i forms of glycogen synthase from frog muscle.		1999	96859
lactobacilli isolated from chicken intestines: potential use as probiotics.	lactobacillus strains were tested for their in vitro probiotic properties. cell surface hydrophobicity was found to be very high for lactobacillus fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and salmonella gallinarum; high values could indicate a greater ability to adhere to epithelial cells. studies on lactobacillus animalis indicated relative cell surface hydrophobicities smaller than those of l. fermentum subsp. cellobiosus and l. fermentum. l. animalis and enterococcus faecalis were able to coaggregate wit ...	1999	10090244
vaccination for control of salmonella in poultry.	salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens causing localised or systemic infections, in addition to a chronic asymptomatic carrier state. they are of worldwide economic and public health significance. in poultry, which represent important sources of cheap protein throughout the world, fowl typhoid and pullorum disease continue to cause economic losses in those parts of the world where the poultry industries are continuing to intensify and where open sided housing is common. a number ...	1999	10418900
salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (phasianus colchicus).	in 1996, pullorum disease due to salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (salmonella pullorum) was diagnosed in pheasants on a gamebird rearing enterprise in south-west scotland. the gross pathology and bacteriological findings are described, as are the results of screening for s pullorum on the site in 1997. the causal organism was readily isolated from the lung, liver, yolk sac and heart blood on direct culture, but less readily from the digestive tract or by the use of selectiv ...	1999	10204223
comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens following challenge with salmonella gallinarum.	a dot immunobinding assay (dia) was compared with the standard tube agglutination test (sat) for detecting antibodies in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with salmonella gallinarum var duisburg . the virulence plasmid-cured s. gallinarum vaccine was given at 7 and 21 days, and the challenge at 35 days. the dia was very sensitive and detected antibodies to high titres in challenged birds. it also detected high titres in vaccinated, unchallenged birds which failed to react ...	1999	16147555
differentiation of salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype pullorum from biotype gallinarum by analysis of phase 1 flagellin c gene (flic).	salmonella enterica serotype gallinarum biotype gallinarum and biotype pullorum are non-motile and pathogenic avian strains. biotype gallinarum causes fowl typhoid and biotype pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease in chickens. the two biotypes could be differentiated based on biochemical characteristics. however, conventional culture and biochemical assays are time-consuming, laborious and need sterile laboratory practices. although the two biotypes, gallinarum and pullorum are non-motile, t ...	2000	10739340
phosphine generation by mixed- and monoseptic-cultures of anaerobic bacteria.	a microbial basis for bioreductive generation of phosphine is proposed, which could account at least in part for the presence of this toxic gas in natural anaerobic environments and in sewage and landfill gases. phosphine generation under anaerobic growth conditions was dependent upon both the culture inoculum source (animal faeces) and enrichment culture conditions. phosphine was detected in headspace gases from mixed cultures under conditions promoting fermentative growth of mixed acid and but ...	2000	10811253
isolation and characterization of salmonella gallinarum cytotoxic factors.	two distinct cytotoxic factors isolated from a salmonella gallinarum strain recovered from a bird died during an outbreak of fowl typhoid were purified to homogeneity through ciprofloxacin extraction, salt precipitation, dialysis, gelfiltration, ionexchange chromatography and chromatofocusing. these were designated as salmonella gallinarum cytotoxin i (gct-i) and ii (gct-ii). gct-i was a glycoprotein having mol.wt and pi of ca 70 kda and 8.8, respectively. it was lethal to birds (ld50, 150 micro ...	2000	11395962
competitive exclusion of salmonella enteritidis by salmonella gallinarum in poultry.	salmonella enteritidis emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen in the late 20th century. epidemiologic data from england, wales, and the united states indicate that s. enteritidis filled the ecologic niche vacated by eradication of s. gallinarum from poultry, leading to an epidemic increase in human infections. we tested this hypothesis by retrospective analysis of epidemiologic surveys in germany and demonstrated that the number of human s. enteritidis cases is inversely related to the preva ...	2000	10998373
differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum.	salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ...	2000	11101679
health status of northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) in eastern kansas.	the health status of wild northern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) from lyon county, kansas, was evaluated by conducting comprehensive health assessments on 25 birds. gross lesions indicative of avian pox, ulcerative enteritis, and quail bronchitis were not present. serologic tests for antibodies to salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, pasteurella multocida, mycoplasma gallisepticum, mycoplasma synoviae, and avian adenoviruses were all negative. intestinal coccidia (eimeria spp.) wer ...	2000	11195653
serologic survey of slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) for antibodies to selected avian pathogens.	serum samples from 163 slaughter-age ostriches (struthio camelus) in ohio and indiana were tested for antibodies to avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), paramyxovirus (pmv) 2, pmv3, pmv7, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), bordetella avium, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma gallisepticum, ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, salmonella pullorum, salmonella gallinarum, and salmonella typhimurium. one ostrich had antibodies to aiv h5n9, 57% of the ostriches had antibodies to ...	2000	11195659
bacterial colonization and endotoxin activity during experimental acute fowl typhoid in chickens.	bacterial colonization and endotoxin production were investigated before and after experimental salmonella gallinarum infection in 8-week-old female broiler chickens. these parameters were assayed by means of colony forming units test (cfu) and the limulus amebocyte lysate test (lal), respectively. birds were infected per os with 1,5 x 10(9) cfu/ml of wild strain of s. gallinarum isolated from a dead hen. approximately 1,5 x 10(2); 1,3 x 10(2) and 1,2 x 10(2) cfu of s. gallinarum were recorded f ...	2000	11206397
studies of the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella.	to study the phenomenon of host adaptation in salmonella, a mathematical model has been developed which permits a definition and experimental investigation of the specific interaction between the adapted serovar and the adequate host. after experimental infection using a mixture of equal parts of two salmonella strains, a and b, the bacterial concentrations ca and cb were determined in the organs of the animals infected. if an animal of species a and an animal of species b are infected with the ...	2000	11244872
fowl typhoid and pullorum disease.	fowl typhoid (ft) and pullorum disease (pd) are septicaemic diseases, primarily of chickens and turkeys, caused by gram negative bacteria, salmonella gallinarum and s. pullorum, respectively. clinical signs in chicks and poults include anorexia, diarrhoea, dehydration, weakness and high mortality. in mature fowl, ft and pd are manifested by decreased egg production, fertility, hatchability and anorexia, and increased mortality. gross and microscopic lesions due to ft and pd in chicks and poults ...	2000	10935271
ostrich diseases.	scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ...	2000	10935285