Publications

silver-resistant enterobacteriaceae from hospital patients.	the inclusion of agar medium containing 0.5 mm agno3 in the hospital laboratory replicating system for routine antibiotic-susceptibility determinations resulted in identification of species of enterobacteriaceae (escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and citrobacter freundii) with silver resistance. since the study began in october, 1975, 11 in-hospital patients receiving silver sulfadiazine for burn wound prophylaxis have yielded silver-resistant bact ...	1979	526888
[pharmacokinetics of a new cephalosporin, cefoperazone].	cefoperazone is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin for parenteral use with an extended antibacterial spectrum covering pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. its pharmacokinetic properties were studied in 8 healthy subjects after 2 intravenous infusions of 2 g of the drug at a 12-hour interval. the mean peak serum concentrations were 134 +/- 16 microgram/ml and 143 microgram/ml. cefoperazone was shown to possess a long half-life for a cephalosporin (1.7 hours). in our ...	1979	538442
biochemical differentiation in large colonies of enterobacter cloacae.	large colonies of enterobacter cloacae which were about 700 micrometer thick were frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioned horizontally. the sections were disrupted and several oxidative enzymes were assayed in the crude unfractionated homogenates. in the top 120 micrometer of the colonies the specific activities of the enzymes were high and characteristic of aerobically adapted cells. cells nearer the base of colonies had very low enzyme activities.	1979	541662
[synthesis and biological activity of 7-(2-nitroimidazoles and 7-(2-aminoimidazole) methyleneamino cephalosporin and their derivatives].	the synthesis of 7-[[(1-methyl-2-nitro-1h-imidazol-5-yl)methylene]amino] and 7-[[(2-amino-1-methyl-1h-imidazol-5-yl)methyle-ne]amino]cephalosporanic acids and of some derivatives is described. their physico-chemical characteristics are reported. the compounds show no appreciable antibacterial activity in vitro. they show no synergy with cephaloridine against enterobacter cloacae 214 (producer of class i beta-lactamase) and therefore have no anti-beta-lactamase activity.	1979	553829
enterobacter cloacae outer membrane permeability to ceftizoxime (fk 749) and five other new cephalosporin derivatives.	the ability of ceftizoxime to penetrate the outer membrane was compared with those of five other new cephalosporins: cefotiam, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefmetazole and cefoxitin, using a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae as a test strain. estimation of permeability was performed by a method utilizing the inhibitory activities of the cephalosporins against beta-lactamase located in the periplasm. of the cephalosporins tested, both ceftizoxime and cefmetazole gave remarkably high concentrati ...	1980	6247313
in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime, a new cephalosporin.	cefotaxime, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. this cephalosporin was slightly less active than cefazolin against staphylococcus aureus but 4 to 300 times as active as carbenicillin against gram-negative organisms, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens. cefotaxime was the most active compound a ...	1980	6251749
[bacteriological investigations with a new semisynthetic oxy-beta-lactam antibiotic ly 127935 (author's transl)].	the antimicrobial activity of a new oxy-beta-lactam antibiotic ly 127935 against 1066 strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial was evaluated in comparison to cephalothin. the antibiotic has a very wide spectrum and is exceptionally active, in particular against gram-negative rods. it is also active against multiresistant problem strains found in intensive care units (enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, indole-positive proteus), and proved to be quite effective against pseudomo ...	1980	6445339
[fosfomycin, a new antibiotic: in vitro activity compared with mezlocillin, cefuroxime and gentamicin].	in vitro investigations with fosfomycin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin against staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae an pseudomonadaceae were carried out by agar dilution method on mueller-hinton agar. the fosfomycin breakpoint for the low dosage of 2-3 times 3 g per infusion daily was defined with 16 micro g/ml and for the high dosage of 2-3 times 5 g fosfomycin per infusion with 64 micro g/ml. at a concentration of 16 micro g/l fosfomycin more than 90% of the cultures of staph. aureus (p ...	1980	6453080
antimicrobial activity of heparin.	single clinical isolates of eight species of microorganisms were incubated in solutions of heparin and brain heart infusion broth at various concentrations to determine the possible antibacterial effect of heparin. at heparin concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 400 u/ml, the effect on escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, and s. epidermidis varied with brain heart infusion broth concentrations of 1.2 to 10% and inocula of 10(2) to 10(6) colony-forming ...	1980	6766462
in vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility of cefsulodin, an antipseudomonal cephalosporin, to beta-lactamases.	cefsulodin sodium (sce-129, cgp-7174/e), active in minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 0.5 to 64 microgram/ml, was about 16- to 32-fold more active than carbenicillin against psuedomonas aeruginosa. it was also active against p. diminuta, p. maltophilia, p. paucimobilis, and p. pseudoalcaligenes (mics of 1 to 32 microgram/ml) but not against other species of pseudomonas or other gram-negative bacteria. except with highly carbenicillin-resistant isolates, mics of cefsulodin for p. aerugin ...	1980	6770753
[outbreak of hospital infection, due to members of the klebsielleae tribe, in an intensive care unit for infants].	at the pediatric intensive care unit of the provincial regional hospital, in río cuarto, argentina, nearly all hospitalized infants showed clinical symptoms of septicaemia and gastroenteritis. neither salmonella nor shigella were found in the stool cultures, but klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated as predominant flora. three haemocultures displayed k. pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae; the other three developed only e. cloacae. since the infants came from different places and it was possible to ...	1980	6755552
antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime, a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of ceftizoxime was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics against 538 isolates. ceftizoxime was the most active agent tested against escherichia coli and klebsiella, inhibiting 80% at 0.025 microgram/ml. it was more active than cefotaxime against enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes. ceftizoxime was more active than cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and carbenicillin against proteus mirabilis and indole-positive proteus. it inhibited 97% of multiresistant s ...	1980	6967294
induction of beta-lactamase by various beta-lactam antibiotics in enterobacter cloacae.	the induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae gn5797 was studied by using 23 beta-lactam antiobiotics, including newly introduced drugs, as inducers. the beta-lactam antibiotics can be classified into three groups on the basis of their inducer activity. among the tested cephalosporins, cephamycin derivatives such as cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and ym09330 had high inducer activity even at low drug concentrations. on the other hand, cefoperazone, cefsulodin, piperacillin, and apalcillin sho ...	1980	6968541
in vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility of the cephalosporin ro 13-9904 to beta-lactamases.	the in vitro activity of ro 13-9904 was assessed against clinical isolated of common bacteria. its activity against most enterobacteria was similar to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam, but it was even more active than these compounds against all proteus species. it was also highly active against haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae, including beta-lactamase producers. like cefotaxime and moxalactam, or 13-9904 was approximately eightfold more active than carbenicillin against most i ...	1980	6969574
purification and properties of a cephalosporinase from enterobacter cloacae.	a cephalosporin beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) was extracted from enterobacter cloacae gn7471 and purified by means of column chromatography. the resulting preparation gave a single protein band upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme's isoelectric point was 8.4, and its molecular weight was 44,000. the optimal ph was 8.5, and the optimal temperature was 40 degrees c. the enzyme hydrolyzed cephalosporins much more readily than penicillins. the enzyme activity was inhibited by iodi ...	1980	6972193
purification and properties of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn7391.	both a penicillinase and a cephalosporinase are present in a strain of citrobacter freundii (gn7391) resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. the penicillinase was identical to the type ia penicillinases (type iii by richmond classification), mediated by rms212 and r-tem. a cephalosporinase, typical of enterobacteriaceae chromosomal beta-lactamase (type i by richmond classification), was purified from the strain. it gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrop ...	1980	6973612
infection in a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt treated with intraventricular gentamicin.	a case of successful treatment of a functioning ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunt infection with high doses of intraventricular gentamicin sulfate is reported. the vp shunt reservoir of a four-month-old girl with hydrocephalus became infected. the scalp wound was debrided and intravenous methicillin sodium, 200 mg every six hours, was administered. when culture and sensitivity tests later showed enterobacter cloacae, methicillin was discontinued. intraventricular gentamicin, 2 mg/day, and intraven ...	1980	6987866
nature of streptomycin resistance in enterobacteria from faeces of streptomycin-treated patients in egypt.	streptomycin-resistant enterobacteria were isolated from the faeces of 31 out of 35 patients under streptomycin therapy, in the university hospital of alexandria. the isolated bacteria were 26 escherichia coli, 3 klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 enterobacter cloacae. their resistance patterns have shown that 80% had multiple antibiotic resistance. the mic of streptomycin for all strains was higher than 312 microgram/ml. nearly 90% of these strains carried resistance plasmids. however, 3 strains posse ...	1980	6993108
relation of antibody-coated urine bacteria to the site(s) of infection in experimental dogs.	antibody-coated bacteria tests, using fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-canine immunoglobulin (ig)g and anti-iga, were conducted on 77 specimens of bladder urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis from 25 dogs with urinary tract infections. urine specimens from 3 dogs infected with staphylococcus aureus were tested a total of 27 times, specimens from 10 dogs infected with escherichia coli were tested 25 times, urine from 6 dogs infected with proteus mirabilis was sampled and tested 18 times, u ...	1980	6996543
association of human enteric pathogenicity and mouse lung toxicity of escherichia coli.	mouse lung toxicity of 439 strains (431 escherichia coli, 1 shigella dysenteriae 1, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 5 vibrio sp., 1 klebsiella) was compared to other pathogenicity tests (mouse virulence, enterotoxicity, guinea pig eye test), to serogroup distribution, loss of virulence on storage, origin and haemolytic activity. mouse lethality was highest in serogroup o4 (p < 0.001), o18a,c (p < 0.001); serogroups o6, o20, o75, o115, o147 were next in order. e. coli serogroups o19, o26, o28a,b, o32, o5 ...	1980	6998258
evaluation of the four-hour micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative, gram-negative rods from blood cultures.	a 4-h micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures was compared to subculture and species identification of single colonies by api 20e and micro-id, using standardized inocula. a total of 127 patients (220 positive cultures) were studied. isolates included 96 escherichia coli, 46 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 klebsiella oxytoca, 8 enterobacter aerogenes, 17 enterobacter cloacae, 19 serratia marcescens, 2 serratia liquefaciens, 8 prot ...	1980	6999020
[diagnosis of fecal coliforms in dairy products by the temperature tests].	the study concerned the formation of gas and acid in broth with lactose and glucose and brilliant green at 30,37 and 44 degrees c and of indole in peptone water at 30, 37 and 44 degrees c by 842 coliform strains isolated from 386 samples of dairy products (e. coli i--496, e. coli--51, citrob. freundi--87, citrob. intermedium--46, enterobacter aerogenes--98, enterobacter cloacae -- 32 and k1. aerogenes 32). it was found that eijkman's test (formation of gas and acid from lactose in broth with bri ...	1980	7001729
antigenic relationships between pore proteins of escherichia coli k12.	antisera were raised against the purified escherichia coli k12 outer membrane proteins ompa-, ompc- and ompf proteins and protein e. several immunological methods were used to investigate the specificity of the antisera and the immunological relationship between the major outer membrane proteins. although the antisera had been raised against highly purified proteins, several of them contained activity against lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein due to minor impurities in the immunogens. the three ...	1980	7002546
in vivo inoculum effect and resistance selection with cefamandole and cefoxitin against enterobacter cloacae in mice.		1980	7002900
dinitrogen-fixing bacteria: computer-assisted identification of soil isolates.	dinitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria may be readily isolated from soils but extensive biochemical or immunobiological testing, or both, are required to identify them absolutely. a computer-assisted scheme for identification of nine genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria was developed and tested. the computer program is based on interpretation of the 70 biochemical tests of the api 20e and 50e, supplemented with tests for acetylene reduction, nitrate and nitrite reduction, catalase, oxid ...	1980	7214218
[two cases of neonatal meningitis caused by "enterobacter cloacae" (author's transl)].	two cases are reported of neonatal meningitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the two patients are alive; one is perfectly well, the other resulted in hydrocephalus. both children came from the same neonatal unit where the were given phototherapy. the importance of nosocomial infections is outlined and different aspects related to the etiology, the environment and the host (particularly immunologic deficits) are briefly reviewed.	1980	7247493
fermentation of polysaccharides by klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli.	fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family enterobacteriaceae were examined. algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. most of the activity was found in the tribe klebsielleae. klebsiella oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). carrageenan was a ...	1980	7396489
[enterobacter cloacae pseudobacteremia in an intensive care unit].		1980	7422495
effect of contamination levels on antimicrobial susceptibilities tested by autobac i.	two gram-positive and five gram-negative species of bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens were used in 704 different inoculum ratios against 11 antimicrobial agents to study the effect of contamination levels on the susceptibility patterns of mixed cultures. staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter cloacae were used in 12 combinations of two each. the pure culture inoculum tube ...	1980	7425604
early deaths after irradiation of mice contaminated by enterobacter cloacae.	after lethal irradiation with gamma-rays, mice contaminated with enterobacter cloacae died earlier than expected. pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the usual cause of unexpected early radiation deaths, was not detected in dead mice. evidence of an e. cloacae bacteraemia was obtained in irradiated mice and it is concluded that contamination with e. cloacae is a potential hazard in experiments involving measurements of radiation lethality.	1980	7431845
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporin derivatives. i. synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-alkyl- and 2-hydroxy-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-acetamido]cephalosporins.	2-alkyl- and 2-hydroxy derivatives of 7 beta-[2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins were synthesized to improve the antibacterial activity of the parent compounds especially against beta-lactamase-producing organisms. some of these compounds showed an increase in activity against serratia marcescens (xb, xxiiia) and enterobacter cloacae (xb, xiv). the 2,2-dimethyl derivative (xxviiib) showed a definite loss of activity.	1980	7440407
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporin derivatives. iii. synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-amino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins.	new derivatives of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins having amino group at the 2-position of the 7-acyl moiety were synthesized in the hope that they would show improved antibacterial activity. some of these compounds (xxa, xxd, xvb) showed improved activity against enterobacter cloacae. replacement of the annular amino group by a methyl group caused loss of activity.	1980	7440409
necrotizing enterocolitis. epidemic following an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae type 3305573 in a neonatal intensive care unit.	twelve cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) occurred within three weeks in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) with 325 annual admissions. enterobacter cloacae type 3305573 was found in stool and/or blood cultures from affected babies prior to the onset of the disease. this bacterium could not be grown in cultures from infants in the same nicu six weeks later. a causal relationship between e cloacae and the epidemic of nec is suggested.	1980	7446502
growth of enterobacter cloacae in the presence of 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate.	the growth of enterobacter cloacae in 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate is described. the bacteria appeared to tolerate sodium dodecyl sulfate rather than metabolize it. the process was energy dependent, and cell lysis occurred during stationary phase. extreme detergent resistance may be characteristic of the genus enterobacter.	1980	7447446
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of fr-31564, a phosphonic acid antimicrobial agent.	the in vitro and in vivo activity of fr-31564 [sodium hydrogen 3-(n-hydroxyformamido)propylphosphate] against gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated and compared with that of fosfomycin, cephalexin, carbenicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the in vitro activity of fr-31564 was markedly enhanced when combined with glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, but not when combined with ribose phosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or glycerol phosphate. i ...	1981	7271270
an outbreak of pseudobacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae from a phlebotomist's vial of thrombin.	in a 15-day period, seven patients in a small hospital each had one blood culture positive for enterobacter cloacae. none of the seven patients was septic. all seven positive culture specimens had been obtained by phlebotomist a, who also had obtained 13 negative culture specimens in the same period. seven other phlebotomists had drawn 69 blood samples for culture during the same period; none had yielded any microorganism (p = 0.00001). vials of thrombin, routinely used to coagulate blood specim ...	1981	7294547
role of ph, lactate, and anaerobiosis in controlling the growth of some fermentative gram-negative bacteria on beef.	at 5 degrees c four strains of fermentative, gram-negative bacteria (serratia liquefaciens, yersinia enterocolitica, enterobacter cloacae, and aeromonas hydrophila) grew aerobically and anaerobically on adipose tissue removed from beef muscle of low ph (5.4 to 5.6). all four strains also grew aerobically and anaerobically on muscle tissue of high ph (6.0 to 6.3). however, none of the four grew anaerobically on beef muscle of low ph, and the aeromonad strain also failed to grow aerobically on suc ...	1981	7316511
effect of clindamycin prophylaxis on the colonic microflora in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.	clindamycin was given intravenously to 15 patients undergoing colorectal surgery in an initial dose of 600 mg, given at induction of anesthesia followed by 6 doses of 600 mg at 8-h intervals. series of serum samples and fecal specimens were taken for analysis of clindamycin concentrations. tissue samples from the gut wall were taken at surgery. the highest serum concentrations observed occurred 30 min after administration of clindamycin and varied between 6.8 and 37.9 microgram/ml (mean, 14.8 +/ ...	1981	7325640
a single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils.	a single medium, containing standard basal salts and three common carbon sources (sucrose, mannitol, and sodium lactate) is proposed to replace nitrogen-free media in common use for isolating dinitrogen-fixing bacteria. eight commonly isolated genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacterial exhibited growth on this combined carbon medium that equalled or bettered growth on other carbon-containing media. combined carbon medium also yielded the highest counts of putative dinitrogen-fixing bacteria from thre ...	1981	7214234
pathological study of infective endocarditis on hancock porcine bioprostheses.	a pathological study has been performed on 10 infected hancock bioprostheses removed from nine patients who died of prosthetic endocarditis. the devices had been in place from 2 to 87 months (average 37.5), the interval between operation and onset of infection averaging 30 months. the offending organisms were gram negative bacteria in three patients (klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens), gram positive bacteria in two (staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus virid ...	1981	7230861
an ultrastructural and autoradiographic study of the immune response in hyalophora cecropia pupae.	three types of hemocytes are found in the cecropia pupa, plasmatocytes, granular cells, and spherule cells. the granular cells are the major phagocytic blood cells, taking up the bacterium enterobacter cloacae when this is injected into the pupae. disintegrating blood cells are observed near the pericardial tissue. no other changes in ultrastructure are noted in hemocytes and pericardial cells which could be correlated with the immune response in these pupae. the fat body cells from pupae inject ...	1981	7237529
the inhibition of beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria by clavulanic acid.	the beta-lactamase from klebsiella pneumoniae e70 behaved in a similar fashion to the tem-2 plasmid mediated enzyme on reaction with clavulanic acid. both enzymes produced two types of enzyme-clavulanate complex, a transiently stable species (t((1/2))=4min at ph7.3 and 37 degrees c) and irreversibly inhibited enzyme. in the initial rapid reaction (2.5min) the enzymes partitioned between the transient and irreversible complexes in the ratios 3:1 for tem-2 beta-lactamase and 1:1 for klebsiella bet ...	1981	7041890
biochemical characteristics and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from meats.	the isolation and identification of 2,220 enterobacteriaceae from meats indicated that escherichia coli biotype i, enterobacter agglomerans, and serratia liquefaciens were the principal types to be differentiated in meats. citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter hafniae were also commonly identified. identification of isolates by the encise ii (roche diagnostics inc., nutley, n.j.) and minitek (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) coding system ...	1981	7013705
differences between ceftizoxime and its stereoisomer in antibacterial activity and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins.	a new cephalosporin derivative, ceftizoxime (syn fk 749), and its anti isomer, fr 14060, were compared in antibacterial activity, outer membrane permeability, stability to beta-lactamases, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (pbps), using escherichia coli nihj jc-2 and enterobacter cloacae 58-5 as the test organisms. although ceftizoxime was superior in antibacterial activity to fr 14060, no marked differences between the two agents were found in outer membrane permeability and stabilit ...	1981	7018389
[bacteriocin typing of enterobacter cloacae strains (author's transl)].	by means of bacteriocin typing epidemic studies were carried out with regard to 65 strains of enterobacter cloacae, isolated from various specimens of 59 patients. based on detailed preliminary investigations the presentation with bacteriocins in liquid cultures induced by mitomycin c was found most preferable. since constant and reproducible results are essential, standardization of culture media, incubation temperature, incubation time and inoculum size is required. by means of 13 bacteriocin- ...	1981	7023122
clinical laboratory evaluation of the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card.	the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card (ams-ebc; vitek systems, inc.) was evaluated in two clinical microbiology laboratories. a total of 502 consecutive clinical isolates representing members of the family enterobacteriaceae were tested in parallel with the ams-ebc, api 20e, and enterotube ii systems. discrepancies between systems were resolved with the conventional methods of edwards and ewing (p. r. edwards and w. h. ewing [ed.], identification of enterobacteriaceae, 1972 ...	1981	7026606
enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and yersinia enterocolitica in colonies of laboratory mice, rats and rabbits: an attempt of isolation.	an attempt to isolate enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and yersinia enterocolitica was made in a total of 931 laboratory animals (mice, rats and rabbits) from five representative commercial breeders in this country and from our laboratory colonies. e. cloacae organisms were isolated from feces and other specimens of 15 mice and 17 rats between november 1979 and july 1980. neither s. marcescens nor y. enterocolitica was detectable in any specimen of feces, fur and skin, nasal discharge, ...	1981	7032956
cefonicid: a stable beta-lactamase inhibitor.	the stability of cefonicid (sk&f 75073) towards representatives of six major classes of beta-lactamases was determined using a spectrophotometric assay. cefonicid was stable to hydrolysis by the type i enzyme from enterobacter cloacae and by the enzyme from the anaerobe, bacteroides fragilis. it was 6 to 7 times more stable than cefamandole to the type iiia and b enzymes from escherichia coli, a little less stable than this antibiotic to the type v enzyme from e. coli, and of equal stability to ...	1981	6975269
a comparison of cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoperazone: an in vitro test on a number of beta-lactamase producing strains of 9 species and 1 genus of bacteria.	the sensitivity of a number of beta-lactamase producing strains of enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter species, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens to cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoperazone was determined in vitro. all bacterial cultures were examined for beta-lactamase production using the chromogenic cephalosporin compound 87/312. all ...	1981	6971210
cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities.	the activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365), 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid, was compared with that of other cephalosporins. cefmenoxime exhibited high activity against a wide variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime against streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus, serratia marcescens, ente ...	1981	6941742
in vitro antibacterial activity of fluorinated analogs of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol.	we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of sch 24893, sch 25298, and sch 25393, three novel analogs of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. all of the analogs had minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml for 18 chloramphenicol-thiamphenicol-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae and 21 strains of resistant salmonella typhi. the analogs were also more active than were chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol against chloramphenicol-resistant enteric bacteria, ...	1981	6957162
enteral feeds contaminated with enterobacter cloacae as a cause of septicaemia.		1981	6781681
the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: a case report.	a case report of a rather rare neoplasm, the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, is added to the literature. an aggressiveness not normally associated with this tumor is described. the treatment, involving the segmental resection of the left mandible and immediate reconstruction, is reported. a complication with the infective organism enterobacter cloacae and the subsequent necessity to regraft the area is noted. long-term inter-maxillary fixation resulted in adequate occlusion and only sli ...	1981	6807905
successful treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis with moxalactam.	meningitis caused by enteric gram-negative bacilli is relatively uncommon but is very difficult to treat despite susceptibility in vitro to many antimicrobics. a major problem appears to be poor entry of many drugs into the central nervous system. moxalactam is an investigational cephalosporin that attains concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid that are 15% to 30% of contemporaneous serum concentrations; moreover, it is quite active against many of the enteric gram-negative bacilli. we used m ...	1981	6455950
[clinical evaluation of 6059-s therapy in children (author's transl)].	a new semisynthetic 1-oxa-beta-lactam derivative, 6059-s, was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. twenty-five patients were treated with 10 to 274 mg/kg per day of 6059-s by intravenous administrations. the diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (2), pneumonia (4), pertussis (4), acute enterocolitis (2), recurrent urinary tract infection (2), suspected septicemia (3), and acute purulent meningitis (1); and the remaining 5 patients were considered to ...	1981	6457168
[laboratory and clinical studies of 6059-s in pediatric field (author's transl)].	the authors have carried out the laboratory and clinical studies of 6059-s. the results were as follows: the sensitivity was estimated by the plate dilution method on 27 strains of s. aureus, 26 strains of e. coli, k. pneumoniae and p. aeruginosa, 21 strains of salmonella sp. and 9 strains of gm resistant p. aeruginosa isolated from patients. the distribution of sensitivity of s. aureus was 6.25-12.5 micrograms/ml and the peak of distribution was 6.25 micrograms/ml. the growth of 80.8% of e. col ...	1981	6457177
[cefotaxime, syn isomer of a new methoxyimino cephalosporin with unusual activity (author's transl)].	cefotaxime, the - syn - derivative of 7 - [(2-(2-amino-4-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino) acetamido] cephalosporanic acid, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. in in vitro studies, it was 80 times more active than the - anti - derivative against beta-lactamase-producing strains of gram-negative bacteria. the range of inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime against gram-negative bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae, susceptible or resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins was from 0.01 to 0. ...	1981	6259588
[cefotaxime csf levels in children with purulent meningitis (author's transl)].	cefotaxime concentrations obtained in the c.s.f. of twelve children suffering from bacterial meningitis and undergoing monotherapy with this antibiotic are reported. among these 12 patients, 4 infants (aged 3 to 28 days) had neonatal meningitis (due to serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli); one infant (2 months old) had meningitis due to salmonella panama; 5 children (aged 5 to 11 months) had meningitis due to haemophilus; and 2 children had belated supe ...	1981	6259596
[clinical evaluation of cefotaxime at various dosage levels in urinary tract infections (author's transl)].	in this study, 63 patients with various urinary tract infections were treated with cefotaxime in different dosages. they were aged from 10 to 82 years (mean: 59). the cases included 33 cystitis, 25 pyelonephritis, 4 chronic prostatitis and 1 orchiepididymitis. 85 strains of enterobacteria were identified: 20 e. coli, 2 citrobacter freundi, 5 proteus mirabilis, 12 indole positive proteus, 1 providentia, 11 klebsiella, 3 enterobacter cloacae and 31 serratia marescens and liquefaciens. 80 of these ...	1981	6259607
antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365).	the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365 or a-50912), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, was compared with those of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against a broad spectrum of 486 organisms and with that of cefotaxime against 114 organisms. cefmenoxime and cefotaxime exhibited nearly equivalent activities against those organisms tested and were the most active of these cephalosporins against all aerobic and facultative organisms except staphylococcus aureus. the minimum in ...	1981	6264846
effect of combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam.	the effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. the antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. in overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on ...	1981	6268593
beta-lactamase stability and antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a novel cephalosporin.	cefmenoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has been shown to be stable to a staphylococcus aureus penicillinase and r plasmid-mediated type i and type iv penicillinases. it was also resistant to hydrolysis by most cephalosporinases, but was susceptible to hydrolysis by a proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase. cefmenoxime was active against cephaloridine-resistant species, except pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was moderately resistant to cefmenoxime. cefmenoxime was an inducer of p. vulgaris beta-lact ...	1981	6269488
restriction endonuclease ecai from enterobacter cloacae.	restriction endonuclease ecai obtained from enterobacter cloacae dsm30056 recognizes the group of heptanucleotide palindromes 5'-g[unk]g-t-n-a-c-c-3', and on cleavage (arrow) produces fragments with 5'-terminal pentanucleotide extensions. it is identical in specificity with restriction endonuclease bsteii from bacillus stearothermophilus et.	1981	6273787
enumeration and identification of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from forage grass roots.	root-soil cores were collected from forage grasses growing in a subtropical region of texas and tested for acetylene reduction activity. the population density of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was measured, using various media and incubation conditions. bacteria were confirmed as nitrogen fixing, using the acetylene reduction assay, and were classified according to standard biochemical and cultural methods. the majority of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from roots were enterobacter cloacae or ...	1981	16345819
antibacterial activity of ceftazidime (gr 20263) against routine hospital isolates and highly resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	ceftazidime was found to be highly active against routine hospital isolates of strains of enterobacteriaceae such as escherichia coli, klebsiella aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae and proteus mirabilis, with the mean mics varying between 0.11 and 0.75 mg/l. it had marked activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean mic of 1.8 mg/l which was comparable to tobramycin (11 mg/l) and superior to other aminoglycosides, penicillins and cefotaxime. although ceftazidime was considerably more active ...	1981	19802975
ceftazidime, a pseudomonas-active cephalosporin: in-vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation including recommendations for disc diffusion susceptibility tests.	the in-vitro qualities of ceftazidime, as compared to other beta-lactams and three other antimicrobials (amikacin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol), were evaluated in a multilaboratory, multiphasic study in the united states. a total of 12,986 recent clinical isolates were tested by reference dilution methods in six medical centres over 45-60 days. ceftazidime was superior to the comparison cephalosporin (cefamandole) and comparable in spectrum and activity to gentamicin against enterobacteriacea ...	1981	19802985
the in-vivo antibacterial activity of ceftazidime (gr 20263)--a comparison with other new beta-lactam antibiotics and gentamicin.	ceftazidime was compared with cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefmenoxime, cefotiam, cefoperazone, moxalactam, piperacillin, carbenicillin, mezlocillin, cefsulodin and the aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin in a series of mouse protection tests. ceftazidime, together with the other cephalosporin antibiotics and moxalactam were equally effective against infections caused by staphylococcus aureus with ed50 values ranging from 3.5 to 25 mg/kg. gentamicin was the most active antibiotic with ed50 values o ...	1981	19802994
ceftazidime in gram-negative infections: three case reports.	three patients with serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli were treated with ceftazidime: a 52-year-old woman with enterobacter cloacae meningitis, a 33-year-old woman with post-traumatic pseudomonas aeruginosa mediastinitis and a 68-year-old man with myelomatosis and ps. aeruginosa pneumonia. in all three cases the use of ceftazidime, in combination with gentamicin, resulted in clinical improvement associated with rapid clearing of the organism from infected sites. no haematological or ...	1981	19803006
behaviour of ceftazidime towards beta-lactamases.	from escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, proteus morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, but the geometric mean of the inhibition constant ki used to measure this interaction was 120 and almost 700 times higher with ceftazidime than with cefotaxime and cefuroxime, respectively. two other beta-lactamases isolated from pr. vulgaris and klebsiella oxytoca also showed little or no interaction with ceftazidime. a complementary microbiological technique, the "double-disc" technique, indicated that ce ...	1981	19810176
transposition of the carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene.	we isolated a new transposon tn2101, from plasmid rms433 in enterobacter cloacae. tn2101 encoded the formation of type iv (carbenicillin-hydrolyzing) beta-lactamase and multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfanilamide, spectinomycin, and mercury in addition to ampicillin. tn2101 was transposable between conjugative (or nonconjugative) plasmids and the host chromosome. transposition occurred independently of the general recombination ability of the host cell. tn2101 had a molecular size of 9.5 ...	1982	6279559
clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in serious infections.	thirty-five patients underwent 38 treatment courses with cefotaxime. documented infections included 11 bacteremias, 7 cases of nosocomial pneumonia, 6 surgical wound infections, 3 bone infections, 1 biliary infection, and 1 urinary tract infection. granulocytopenic patients with fever received 15 courses of empiric cefotaxime therapy alone; in 8 courses, no definite site of infection or pathogen was isolated. broad-spectrum antibiotics had been administered to 23 patients before cefotaxime. thir ...	1982	6282202
efficacy of ceftriaxone in serious bacterial infections.	ceftriaxone is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum in vitro activity and an unusually long serum half-life. the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone was evaluated in 35 infections in 34 patients; 12 of these patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 10 had infections of the urinary tract, 8 had pneumonia, 2 had biliary tract infections, 1 had sinusitis, 1 had diverticulitis, and 1 had a retroperitoneal abscess. of the 35 infections, 9 were bacteremic. the bacteria isolated incl ...	1982	6285809
non-specific influence of antibiotics on the course of infectious processes.	the clinical significance of a concomitant, non-specific influence of antibiotics on immune defence mechanisms was studied by evaluating the death rate in mice experimentally infected with highly resistant or primarily resistant microorganisms. it could be shown that the mortality rate of mice infected with enterobacter cloacae or candida albicans significantly increased under treatment with cefoxitin, whereas treatment with cefotaxine or lamoxactam either had no effect, or even resulted in a be ...	1982	6286499
ceftriaxone: in vitro studies and clinical evaluation.	the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone against 437 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli was determined. ceftriaxone was found to have high in vitro activity against enterobacteriaceae, with the exception of enterobacter cloacae. ceftriaxone was only minimally active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. we evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity of ceftriaxone in 55 adult patients. bacterial infection was confirmed by the isolation of etiological bacteria in 30 ...	1982	6289734
in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl-thienamycin in comparison to that of moxalactam and cefotaxime against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacteria.	the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of n-formimidoyl-thienamycin in vitro against 131 clinical isolates selected for their gentamicin resistance was compared with that of cefotaxime and moxalactam. all strains were inhibited by n-formimidoyl-thienamycin concentrations within a range of 0.12-4 mg/l. n-formimidoyl-thienamycin was less active than cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., and more active than all other antibiotics tested against serratia spp., ent ...	1982	6293811
comparative activity of cefotaxime and selected beta-lactam antibiotics against haemophilus influenzae and aerobic gram-negative bacilli.	the activity of cefotaxime was compared with that of ampicillin, moxalactam, and cefoperozone against 50 isolates of haemophilus influenzae and with that of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefazolin, and several other established and investigational beta-lactam antibiotics against several hundred isolates of gram-negative aerobic enteric bacilli. minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were determined by the agar plate dilution technique for h. influenzae a ...	1982	6294790
6-acetylmethylenepenicillanic acid (ro 15-1903), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. ii. antibacterial properties.	the beta-lactamase inhibitor ro 15-1903 showed low affinity for penicillin binding proteins (pbps) of escherichia coli. when used as a single compound, it displayed no substantial antibacterial activity but in combination with ampicillin, it was similar to clavulanic acid in conferring activity against ampicillin-resistant strains. some synergy between ro 15-1903 and piperacillin was found against high inocula of pseudomonas aeruginosa. ro 15-1903 markedly enhanced the activity of ceftriaxone ag ...	1982	6298168
[use of moxalactam in intensive care units: clinical and bacteriological results related to serum and bronchial concentrations ].	twenty-patients (14 with mechanical ventilation) received moxalactam in an intensive care unit for pneumonia (3 cases), empyema (5 cases), bronchopneumonia (8 cases), bronchopneumonia with bacteremia (4 cases), 23 organism were isolated and 16 were hospital-acquired: staphylococcus (3), escherichia coli (1), klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia (5), proteus (3), aeruginosa (2), acinetobacter (2), these patients received moxalactam at the dosage of 500 mg/8h, 5 at 1 g/12h and 13 at 1 g/8h. daily dosa ...	1982	6214758
in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.	norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. we examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. it inhibited 90% (mic90) of strains of escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, salmonella and shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 ...	1982	6214995
properties and proteolysis of ferric enterobactin outer membrane receptor in escherichia coli k12.	a protein with a relative subunit molecular weight of 81000 (81k) has been isolated in virtually pure form from the outer membrane of low iron grown cells of escherichia coli k12. the 81k protein, which is part of the receptor complex for translocation of the siderophore ferric enterobactin, displays activity in vitro for binding both ferric enterobactin and colicin b. the dissociation constant for the 81k-ferric enterobactin compound at 4 degrees c in 2% triton-0.1 m tris, ph 7, was determined ...	1982	6215063
complementary activity of mezlocillin and the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on enterobacteriaceae.	the mics of amoxicillin, mezlocillin and brl 25,000, a combination of two parts amoxicillin and one part clavulanic acid (2am + 1ca), were measured for 331 enterobacteriaceae strains which produced beta-lactamases as demonstrated by nitrocefin. the mic values for mezlocillin and the combination 2am + 1ca were very similar for the total number of the strains investigated. when investigated separately according to the bacterial species, three different sensitivity groups were established for the a ...	1982	6218121
susceptibility of moxalactam to beta-lactamase.	moxalactam is not significantly susceptible to the majority of beta-lactamases produced by bacteria of clinical relevance. however, two types of enzyme--pse2 and pse3--from pseudomonas aeruginosa can hydrolyze this antibiotic at a significant rate. in this respect moxalactam is similar to 7-alpha-methoxy cephem compounds, such as cefoxitin, which are also susceptible to these enzymes. moxalactam, like other beta-lactam antibiotics having an acid function in the side chain, is a potent inhibitor ...	1982	6218561
siderophore production by enterobacter cloacae and a common receptor protein for the uptake of aerobactin and cloacin df13.	iron-starved cultures of enterobacter cloacae produced two siderophores, identified as enterochelin and aerobactin. the aerobactin was excreted in larger amounts than was enterochelin, and it was synthesized preferentially in the late logarithmic and stationary growth phases under iron-deficient conditions. enterochelin was synthesized by cultures in the logarithmic phase of growth and preferentially in medium with 1 microm ferric chloride. both siderophores appeared to be excreted immediately a ...	1982	6461633
obturator foramen grafts: the preferable alternate route?	although the femoral canal is the standard entrance route for vascular grafts to the lower extremity, several situations may arise that preclude the use of this route. in these circumstances an alternate pathway for revascularization is required. experience in our center with the use of obturator foramen grafts for revascularization of nine limbs in eight patients is reported and underscores the value of this pathway as an alternative route for limb revascularization. the obturator foramen was e ...	1982	6462077
trapping of nonhydrolyzable cephalosporins by cephalosporinases in enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa as a possible resistance mechanism.	resistance to cefotaxime (cta) and ceftriaxone (ctr) in enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in several strains which are susceptible or resistant to these agents. all strains produced a chromosomally mediated cephalosporinase of the richmond type 1. beta-lactamases in susceptible strains were inducible, whereas resistant strains produced the enzymes constitutively. cta and ctr were very poor substrates but potent inhibitors of all enzymes. binding to, rather than hyd ...	1982	6808912
[n-formimidoyl-thienamycin: in vitro activity in bacteria with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics or gentamicin].	the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of n-formimidoyl-thienamycin were determined for 25 strains each of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa which were resistant to gentamicin and/or acylureido penicillins or cefotaxime, cefoperazone or moxalactam, and for 38 strains of the group d streptococci. the drug was very active against the most frequently encountered gram-nega ...	1982	6818153
[role of iron and a siderophore in the development of bacterial infections in the mouse: the study of two bacteria and three routes of inoculation].	we have studied the influence of ferric iron and the influence of a siderophore on the lethal activity of two bacteria injected in mice intraperitoneally intravenously or orally. iron and the siderophore significatively increase the lethal activity of an avirulent bacteria, enterobacter cloacae, injected intraperitoneally or intravenously. the virulence of a bacteria pathogen for mice, salmonella typhimurium, is also increased when injected intraperitoneally. therefore we have noted a decrease i ...	1982	6820299
in vitro comparison of cefotetan with five other cephalosporins against nosocomial pathogens.	the in vitro activity of cefotetan against staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacterial strains including nonfermenting species has been compared with that of cefoxitin, cefotaxim, moxalactam, cefoperazone and ceftazidime by use of an agar dilution method. cefotetan was found to be inactive against pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter species and only moderately active against staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas cepacia, and enterobacter cloacae. it was more acti ...	1982	6958416
antagonism of carbenicillin and cefamandole by cefoxitin in treatment of experimental infections in mice.	the ability of cefoxitin to antagonize the in vivo efficacy of cefamandole and carbenicillin as predicted by in vitro assays was analyzed in experimental infections in mice. cefoxitin was administered in a nonprotective dose either at the time of challenge or simultaneously with the protective drug, 1 and 3.5 h postchallenge. in mice infected with enterobacter cloacae, median 50% protective doses of cefamandole and carbenicillin were markedly increased by cefoxitin, especially when the latter wa ...	1982	6921959
resistance types in enterobacter cloacae. occurrence and resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and mecillinam. transfer of ampicillin resistance.	an investigation of the resistance types in enterobacter cloacae is presented. the frequency of the different resistance types was determined. the strains were divided into three groups according to sensitivity to penicillin derivatives. the ampicillin-carbenicillin-sensitive (a-s/ca-s) group 1 comprised 20% of the e. cloacae strains received in this laboratory. the ampicillin resistant-carbenicillin-sensitive (a-r/ca-s) group 2 comprised 38.5% of the strains and the a-r/ca-r group 3 comprised 4 ...	1982	6922669
outer membrane permeation of beta-lactam antibiotics in escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter cloacae.	mutant strains lacking outer membrane protein(s) were isolated from escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter cloacae. the outer membrane protein(s) of p. mirabilis and e. cloacae corresponding to e. coli porin were identified on the basis of their function, namely, their ability to allow the permeation of glucose as demonstrated by [14c]glucose uptake by intact cells. p. mirabilis has only one outer membrane pore protein (molecular weight, 40,000), but e. cloacae has at least two su ...	1982	6758687
[gram negative bacilli endocarditis ].	gram negative bacilli endocarditis are unfrequent. nevertheless we encountered 28 cases of them (8.8%) among 320 endocarditis of which 10 were primitive and 7 cases (10.9%) among 65 prosthetic endocarditis. bacterial species were 12 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 ps, stutzeri, 1 ps. maltophilia, 2 klebsiella pneumoniae, 2 escherichia coli, 3 serratia marcescans, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 1 brucella, 1 hemophilus aphrophilus, 1 fusobacterium funduliformis, 18 cases were hospital acquired infections rela ...	1982	6750526
population analysis of sensitivity to ampicillin and carbenicillin in eschericia coli and enterobacter cloacae.	population analysis of sensitivity to ampicillin (a) and carbenicillin (ca) was carried out with four strains of e. coli and five strains of enterobacter cloacae. the two a-sensitive/ca-sensitive (a-s/ca-s) e. coli strains were homogeneous as regards a-sensitivity. from the a-resistant/ca-s (a-r/ca-s) e. coli strains, it was possible to select a-r/ca-r mutants. mutation frequency approx. 10-7.5. when the inoculum of a-s/ca-s e. coli was raised, it was possible to select a-r/ca-s/cephalothin-r va ...	1982	6751021
insect immunity: isolation and structure of cecropins b and d from pupae of the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi.	the immune system in the chinese oak silk moth, antheraea pernyi, has been compared with that of the cecropia moth which has been characterized earlier. antibacterial activity against escherichia coli was induced in diapausing pupae by injection of viable e. coli or enterobacter cloacae. the activity reached a maximum on day 7-8 after which the response gradually declined. the pupae produced a set of immune proteins with p4 and p5 as major labelled components similar to that earlier found in cec ...	1982	6754375
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime.	the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ...	1982	6100427
mode of action of azthreonam.	azthreonam (sq 26,776) is a member of a new class of monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. in escherichia coli, azthreonam caused filamentation at its lowest effective concentration (0.2 microgram/ml), a morphological effect identical to that observed with cephalothin. the penicillin-binding protein (pbp) profile indicated a very high affinity for pbp3 (complete binding at 0.1 microgram/ml), a moderate affinity for pbp1a (complete binding at 10 micrograms/ml), and poor affinities for pbp1b, pbp2, ...	1982	6180685
sq 26,180, a novel monobactam. i taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties.	strains of chromobacterium violaceum, isolated from various environments, were found to produce a novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. the antibiotic, sq 26,180 was weakly active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with the exception of mutants hypersensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. the compound was highly stable to beta-lactamases and acted as an inhibitor of the p99 enzyme from enterobacter cloacae. sq 26,180 showed affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 4 and 5/6 of ...	1982	6978877
potent cephalosporinase inhibitors: 7 beta-[2-(1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidene) acetamido] cephalosporins and related compounds.	cephalosporins possessing a 1, 3-dithiolane, 1, 3-dithiane, or 1, 3-dithietane ring on their 7 beta-substituents showed potent inhibitory activity against cephaloridine hydrolysis by cephalosporinases purified from proteus morganii, proteus rettgeri, and proteus inconstans, which were not inhibited by clavulanic acid, a well-known beta-lactamase inhibitor. the mode of inhibition was competitive. the dithiolane cephalosporins themselves were stable against hydrolysis by the beta-lactamases tested ...	1982	6979310
mutational enzymatic resistance of enterobacter species to beta-lactam antibiotics.	mutants with enhanced beta-lactam resistance were selected from strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes by using three antibiotics. high-level beta-lactamase-producing mutants had similar degrees of increased resistance, enzyme substrate profiles, and isoelectric (pi) values irrespective of the selective agent. reverse mutants from a resistant e. cloacae mutant regained the susceptibility pattern originally exhibited by the wild type, or were of enhanced susceptibility, and no longer ex ...	1982	6979311
resistance to cefamandole: derepression of beta-lactamases by cefoxitin and mutation in enterobacter cloacae.	studies were performed to characterize resistance to cefamandole in two strains of enterobacter cloacae. susceptible wild-type cells were exposed either to cefamandole to select stably resistant mutants or to cefoxitin to induce unstable resistance. the two types of resistant cells inactivated cefamandole, and their beta-lactamases had identical isoelectric focusing patterns and substrate profiles. studies of the beta-lactamases of these resistant cells indicated that the enzymes belonged to the ...	1982	6979593