Publications

[biochemical characteristics of strains from the citrobacter and hafnia genera and their laboratory identification].	a study of biochemical properties of 176 strains of coprocultures isolated from the patients and persons who sustained various acute enteric diseases, and also from contacts and persons examined for prophylaxis showed that they corresponded to the taxonomic definition of the citrobacter and hafnia genus. in connection with the similarity by biochemical properties between bacteria of citrobacter and salmonella genus and bacteria of hafnia and shigella genus it is of expedience in their identifica ...	1976	961244
[characteristics of strains of citrobacter 037 (5396/38) isolated from guinea pigs in a gnotobiologic experiment].	no changes in the principal biochemical properties characteristic of the given genus occurred in a gnotobiological experiment of passing citrobacter bacteria through microbe free and exmicrobe-free animals. of 28 strains of this genus isolated in the course of investigation two strains lost their arginine-decarboxylase activity. in the cultures studied the quantitative content of the vi-antigen had a tendency to reduction in comparison with the initial culture used for the association. some of t ...	1976	961269
[immunologic reactions in man following oral immunization].	prolonged clinico-immunological investigation was carried out on a volunteer; it was shown that a single oral vaccination with living b. citrobacter culture produced a marked immunological reaction in the form of increase of the typhoid vi- and o-coproantibodies revealed in the fecal filtrate. the greatest rise of the preventive activity of the blood serum was noted after a 4-fold vaccination, whereas the maximum antibody formation--after a five-fold immunization in doses tested in the experimen ...	1976	961270
[taxonomic positions of h2s-enterobacteria in relation to the genus (citrobacter) (author's transl)].	this work studies the classification, by numerical procedure, of 111 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. their taxonomic position is discussed, in relation to the genus citrobacter, levinea, enterobacter, to which some appear to be closely associated. the study is based on the usual biochemical and nutritional characters as shown by the utilisation of substrates tested as sole sources of carbon and energy. six hierarchical classes can thus be defined. their degree of affinity wit ...	1976	962250
polynucleotide sequence divergence among strains of salmonella sub-genus iv and closely related organisms.	polynucleotide sequence relatedness studies were carried out to determine the extent of divergence present in salmonella sub-genus iv strains, related strains of salmonella of other sub-genera and the citrobacter genus. salmonella sub-genus iv were 91-97% related. the salmonella of sub-genus i, ii and iii showed lower binding (79-87%) to salmonella sub-genus iv. the change in thermal elution midpoint closely followed the reassociation data. relatedness of salmonella sub-genus iv and c. freundii ...	1976	970830
wound infection: a prospective study of 7519 operations.	wound infection was prospectively studied in 7,519 consecutive operations after preoperative classification as clean, clean-contaminated, and infected. the overall infection rate was 3.9 per cent. clean, 3.2 per cent; clean-contaminated, 4.4 per cent; contaminated, 12.4 per cent; infected, 16.2 per cent. wound infection was not seasonally related or dependent on changes in house staff. in clean cases, the predominant role of staphylococcus aureus (37%) has been superceded by enterococci (44%). i ...	1976	984592
laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity.	in the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as cp-35,587, the carboxyl function at c3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. the anti-klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of cp-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. compared to oral ...	1976	984745
antibiotic resistance of bacteria in water containing ornamental fishes.	water containing ornamental fishes was found to frequently contain countable numbers of bacteria that were resistant to one or more antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents. the multidrug-resistant strains most commonly isolated were lactose-fermenting citrobacter freundii. the overall resistance of these aquaria strains was greater than the previously described resistance of clinical isolates of c. freundii. although the strains examined appeared to lack r-factors, this pool of resistant bacteria ...	1976	988781
amikacin in obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal infections: laboratory and clinical studies.	based on the proportion of resistant, moderately sensitive, and sensitive strains, the descending order of activity of amikacin against clinical isolates of urinary pathogens was salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter, proteus species, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. however, amikacin was the most active of the antibiotics tested (including gentamicin and tobramycin) against 100 strains of p. aeruginosa. the calculated half-life of amikacin was sub ...	1976	993629
a simplified biochemical system to screen salmonella isolates from poultry for serotyping.	the 24 most frequently isolated paratyphoids from poultry, along with salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum, plus strains of arizona, citrobacter, edwardsiella, escherichia, klebsiella, prteus, pseudomonas, serratia and shigella were inoculated into triple sugar iron (tsi) and lysine iron (li) slants and into six fermentation broths which were numbered: 1 (dextrose), 2 (lactose), 3 (sucrose), 4 (mannitol), 5 (maltose), 6 (dulcitol). all the salmonella cultures (except s. pullorum) gave a ...	1976	995819
[use of nessler's reagent for recognition of lysine, ornithine, and arginine decomposition by gramnegative fermentative bacteria (author's transl)].	the reactions of lysine, ornithine and arginine decomposition are often difficult to read in falkow's medium because either the decolorization of the indicator or the lack of sharp colour differences between positive and negative reactions. in such cases nessler's reagent may be a useful aid. a volume of about 0.2 ml is added to the cultures after 4 days incubation through the mineral oil layer by means of a pipette. a positive reaction is indicated by an immediate white precipitation in case of ...	1976	998031
[enterobacteria of reptiles (author's transl)].	the aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 78 reptiles consisting of 46 species (39 lizards of 23 species, 15 tortoises of 9 species, 24 snakes of 14 species) was studied. salmonella was found to be present in 50% of lizards, in 16% of tortoises and in 16% of snakes. there were all together 15 different serotypes. edwardsiella tarda was isolated in 20% of tortoises, in 12% of snakes but only in 3% of lizards. tortoises represent therefore the possible normal habitat of edwardsiella tarda. we isol ...	1976	998035
tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant gram-negative rods.	sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, providencia spp, and citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolat ...	1976	1000196
[identification of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in laboratory practice in the diagnosis of acute intestinal diseases].	identification of 361 cultures isolated from patients suffering from various acute intestinal diseasesand from persons who had sustained them, as well as from contacts and persons examined prophylactically with the use of various biochemical tests showed that ty their taxonomic properties the cultures were referred to conditionally-pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae of the corresponding genera:citrobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, proteus, providencia. serological typing of the strains ...	1976	1007731
[bacteria of the citrobacter genus as one of the possible indeices of dysbacteriosis in intestinal diseases].	a study of the incidence of detection of bacteria of the citrobacter genus in chronic intestinal diseases with the clinical and bacteriological manifestations of dysbacteriosis indicated that the mentioned conditioned pathogenic bacteria were revealed with the same frequency as bacteria of the proteus genus which served as the commonly accepted index of intestinal dysbacteriosis. comparative analysis of the intestinal microbial flora of the patients led to a supposition that bacteria of the citr ...	1976	1007743
enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease.	enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. only one of these isolates belonged to the classical enteropathogenic serotypes of esch. coli. two colonies from each patient were isolated and tested for production of enterotoxin by the rabbit ileal loop test, the rabbit skin test, and an adrenal cell assay. however, only 38% of the isolated enterotoxinogenic strains were esch. coli; the others belonged to klebsie ...	1976	1008593
citrobacter koseri meningitis in a special care baby unit.	an outbreak of meningitis due to citrobacter koseri in a special care baby unit is described. the organism showed a high capacity for spread among the babies on the unit and although the intestinal carriage rate was high, the clinical case:carrier ratio was low.	1976	1010878
[coliform microflora of commercial caucasian cheese].	studied was in the course of several years the extent of coliform bacterial contamination and the peculiarities the bacteria present in ripened cow's and ewe's white brine cheese offered for consumption. it was demonstrated that these kinds of cheese released in the commercial system contain up to 3.1 per cent coliform bacteria. certain correlation was established between the coliform count in the cheese and the degree of ripening, the consistence, and the aspect of the cross section surface. if ...	1976	1014369
[etiology of colitis and of rectal prolapse in the mouse].		1976	1014943
[changes in the surface structures of bacteria as a cause of weak immunogenicity of vaccines from several strains of citrobacter].	the authors present the results of studying the weakly immunogenic citrobacter strains; some o-antigens of citrobacter (11, 14, 19, 21a, 21b, 26) caused in immunization of rabbits a weak immune response (antibody titre--1:400-1:800). an electron microscopic study of the vaccines (obtained from these strains) and their fragments showed that a partial desquamation and denaturing of the antigenic material occurred in the process of preparation of heated vaccines. formalin-treated vaccine subjected ...	1976	1015081
the etiology of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia.	the etiology of a transmissable colonic mucosal hyperplasia of mice was investigated. hyperplasia was produced in mice inoculated with unfiltered colonic suspension from affected mice, but infectivity was lost after passage through a 0.45 mum filter. the etiologic agent was subsequently identified as a variant of citrobacter freundii. the organism induced colonic mucosal hyperplasia when inoculated into germfree mice, and it was recovered in pure culture from the affected animals.	1976	1018473
[cell-wall-deficient forms in citrobacter intermedius c].		1976	1032692
[growth inhibition of c. intermedium c3 and other microorganisms by soluble factors excreted into the culture media].		1976	1032697
incidence and identification of phospholipase c-producing bacteria in fresh and spoiled homogenized milk.	bacteria which produced phospholipase c were isolated from 13 of 34 fresh and 15 of 35 spoiled samples of homogenized milk. no single off flavor was assigned consistently to samples with phospholipase producers, but 75% of them were bitter. pseudomonads constituted 62% of the isolates. other phospholipase c-producing genera and their numbers were acinetobacter, two; alcaligenes, three; bacillus, two; citrobacter, one; enterobacter, three; and flavobacterium, two. two unidentified yeasts also wer ...	1976	1036497
a specific cephalosporin-binding protein of citrobacter freundii.	1. a cephalosporin-binding protein obtained from a strain of citrobacter freundii was purified to the extent of a single band in analytical and sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing disc electrophoresis. 2. the molecular weight determined by disc electrophoresis was 53 000. 3. the binding protein did not show any beta-lactamase activity at substrate concentrations examined: 6 mm to 100 mum of penicillins and 12 mm to 100 mum of cephalosporins. 4. in gel filtration, [14c]benzylpenicillin was found no ...	1976	1247578
dna relatedness among species of enterobacter and serratia.	species of enterobacter and serratia were examined for deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness to klebsielleae, to atypical erwiniae, and to other members of enterobacteriaceae. deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization and then hydroxyapatite chromatography was the technique used to assess relatedness. strains of enterobacter cloacae formed two separate hybridization groups that correlate with the presence or absence of yellow pigment. pigmented e. cloacae were 75-100% related, but they were only 40-50% re ...	1976	1260520
citrobacter diversus isolated from clinical material.	forty-seven strains of citrobacter diversus were isolated during a 12-month period from clinical material obtained from patients in a general hospital in israel. the majority of cultures (38) were recovered from urine and wound discharges. there was one case of septicemia. the biochemical reactions of all cultures were typical for this species, except one that was anaerogenic, and they could be divided into five biotypes (a through e). thirty-nine strains were identified serologically and found ...	1976	1262451
the biosynthesis of ethyl lithocholate by fecal microorganisms.		1976	1263499
treatment of anaerobic pulmonary infections; carbenicillin compared to clindamycin and gentamicin.	twenty-three patients with anaerobic infections of the lung were treated with either two antibiotics, clindamycin and gentamicin (11 patients) or with a single antibiotic, carbenicillin (12 patients). cultures were obtained prior to therapy, either by transtracheal needle aspiration (17 patients) or thoracocentesis (six patients). anaerobic bacteria were found in all. fifteen patients had aerobic and facultative bacteria in addition. the anerobic isolates were peptostreptococci (12), peptococci ...	1976	1277892
interference by neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by other bacterial species.	growth of neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens has been enhanced by the use of selective media that inhibit the simultaneous growth of other microorganisms. one explanation for this enhancement could be that certain other bacteria inhibit gonococcal growth. this hypothesis was examined by testing 167 bacterial isolates for in vitro gonococcal inhibition; 34.1% of the isolates failed to inhibit the gonococcus, but 12.0% produced weak inhibition and 53.9% strongly inhibited n. gonorrhoeae ...	1976	823175
[gram-negative infections in severe thermal injury].	among 78 patients with persistant bacteriemia the latter was induced by staphylococci in 59 and by gram-negative microflora in 19 patients. in 14 of 19 patients gram-negative septicemia was preceded by staphylococcic one. gram-negative septicemia would condition in patients the development of pyemic foci not only in the wound area but also in some portions of the body and in internal organs as well. among 19 patients with gram-negative septicemia 12 patients died, while among 59 patients with st ...	1976	823688
in vitro comparison of netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and four other aminoglycoside antibiotics.	one hundred isolates of pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to gentamicin or amikacin, were tested for susceptibility to netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and to four other aminoglycosides. tests were performed in mueller-hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in mueller-hinton broth. most isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia that were gentamicin resistant ...	1976	825021
[sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infections towards terizidon (author's transl)].	in agar diffusion tests 2603 bacterial strains of species known to cause urinary tract infections were tested routinely in regard to their sensitivity towards terizidon, a derivative of cycloserine. in order to relate the results which were obtained in terms of the diameter of the inhibiton zone, to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic), 304 of these strains were tested additionally in agar dilution tests. the mics of the other strains were estimated from the results of these tests. since ...	1976	826024
[antimicrobical resistance of bacterial strains isolated in specimens of the respiratory tract (author's transl)].	more than 4,000 susceptibility tests of antimicrobical agents performed in two years with six groups of microorganisms: 1) staphylococcus, 2) escherichia coli, 3) proteus, 4) enterobacter and klebsiella, 5) citrobacter, 6) pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been compared. percentages of antimicrobical resistance of every group are here related and statistically compared to discover significant susceptibility variations of bacteria isolated in 1973 and 1974.	1976	827986
[on the growth of various enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)].	the behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. it was found that serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, klebsiella and citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. in the mineral salt solution survived also providencia, e. coli, erwinia, hafnia, and alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100 ...	1976	828367
[further researches on antimicrobial agents involvement in urine bacteriological analysis (author's transl)].	a further investigation on about 2700 urine samples for testing the presence of antimicrobial drugs (spot-test) has been carried out. bacteriostatic agents were present in 35% of all samples analysed, of these, 47% were urines producing no growth on culturing, 10% had a bacterial count of 10(4) and 43% of 10(5) or more. the frequency of the spot-test positive samples was correlated to the origin from the different hospital departments. gram-positive bacteria were the most represented in the samp ...	1976	828484
[resistance patterns of certain enterobacteriaceae in hospital and outpatients, with particular reference to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)].	the relative sensitivities of certain enterobacteriaceae strains obtained from impatient and outpatient material for investigation against trimethoprim-sulf-amethoxazole, ampicillin, cephalothin, gentamicin and tetracycline are reported. the efficacy of the substances tested was very varied, the resistance rates to gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole being most favorable. differences in sensitivity could be established between strains from inpatient and outpatient material. resistance r ...	1976	817195
bactericidal efficacy of sch 20569 and amikacin against gentamicin-sensitive and -resistant organisms.	sch 20569 is a semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin with activity against many gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli. we compared its bactericidal action with that of gentamicin and amikacin against 171 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. sch 20569 and amikacin showed markedly greater activity than gentamicin against escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and indole-positive proteus, primarily by virtue of their let ...	1976	817661
study on the efficiency of four procedures for enumerating coliforms in water.	four coliform estimation procedures were compared as to their ability to enumerate coliform bacteria (oxidase-negative lactose fermenters) from sewage, effluent, and various fresh waters in the lower great lakes region of canada. two of the procedures used and which are cited in the american public health association (apha) standard methods were a most probable number (mpn) technique using lauryltryptose broth (lst) and brilliant green bile 2% broth (bgb), and a membrane filtration (mf) techniqu ...	1976	776372
antibacterial activity of ribostamycin on enterobacteriaceae.	the study of the inhibitory activity of ribostamvcin (vistamycin), an antibiotic derived from streptomyces ribosidificus, on 161 strains of gram-negative bacilli shows that the antibacterial spectrum of this antibiotic is identical to that of kanamycin. if controlled clinical studies confirm that ribostamycin is less toxic than kanamycin on the otovestibular system, this antibiotic will constitute a real therapeutic advance.	1976	779802
[use of the vshs elective-differential medium in the diagnosis of dysentery and other acute intestinal infections].	results of trial of the vshs medium under conditions of direct seeding feces of patients suffering from dysentery and other acute intestinal disturbances demonstrated that by the efficacy of sh. sonnei isolation it failed to differ from ploskirev's bactoagar, was less effective in comparison with levin's medium with levomycetin (the incidence of shigella isolation was 49.7, 52.6 and 60.3%, respectively) and was the most effective in sh. newcastle isolation. in seeding feces after their enrichmen ...	1976	782114
[a comparative study of different methods of determining the tm of bacterial dna (author's transl)].	melting point curves of dna are used to calculate average gc content. four methods of tm determination are described and are used in the case of all dna samples studied. the results presented confirme that thermal denaturation curves are asymetrical, and this limits the use of "normal probability paper" and "regression lines" methods. best reproductibility is obtained by a study of the function (see article) followed by a linear interpolation of the median. this approach yields at the same time ...	1976	786103
reductive microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics.	reductive conversion of several anthracycline glycosides to their 7-deoxyaglycones occurs during their microaerophilic incubation with strains of aeromonas hydrophila, citrobacter freundii, and escherichia coli. further, extracts of microaerophilically grown a. hydrophilia catalyze dpnh-dependent reductive conversion of the same compounds. anthracycline substrates cleaved by both whole cells and by the cell-free system include steffimycin, steffimycin b, nogalamycin, cinerubin a, and daunomycin. ...	1976	786368
formation of crystalline deposits by several genera of the family enterobacteriaceae.	several species of bacteria from the family enterobacteriaceae formed crystalline materials containing calcium when grown in a defined culture medium. enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, and c. intermedius produced calcium pyrophosphate crystals. edwardsiella tarda and escherichia coli formed calcite iii crystals, whereas proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, providencia stuartii, and serratia marcescens produced hydroxyapatite crystals. several of these bacteria ...	1976	786887
the bactericidal action of benzoic acid and sodium acetate on the gram-negative flora of dialysis fluid.	benzoic acid in concentrations from 0.18 per cent and upwards exerted a bactericidal action on the gram-negative flora of dialysis fluid at ph 4.75 in vitro. at a concentration of 0.32 per cent, a reduction of 10(5) was obtained with 24 hours. sulphonamide resistance did not affect the bactericidal action. the killing effect was hardly more than directly proportional to the concentration of benzoic acid. increasing inoculum decreased the bactericidal effect. therefore, benbzoic acid should not b ...	1976	788461
isolation of l-forms by blood culture.	culture media for the isolation of bacterial l-forms from the blood were studied. the most successful media had an osmolality of more than 1100 mosm/kg and this appeared to be a critical factor in determining success.	1976	789403
[comparative studies with the rapid kcn-test for enterobacteriaceae according to cahan, sechter and ohad (author's transl)].	581 strains of enterobacteriaceae (184 of salmonella, 100 of shigella, 31 of citrobacter freundii, 61 of escherichia coli, 40 of klebsiella, 165 of proteus) were investigated in comparison with the kcn-test according to møller and with the rapid kcn-test according to cahan, sechter and ohad. there was found that the results obtained with both methods were identical to 99 percent. in both tests there could be observed that inexplicable differences occur only in two strains of proteus mirabilis. t ...	1976	790855
clinical evaluation of the minitek differential system for identification of enterobacteriaceae.	forty-one stock organisms and 581 fresh clinical isolates were used in comparing the minitek system to conventional tubed media to determine if this system is feasible and accurate for a high-volume clinical microbiology laboratory. in addition to comparison with tubed media, the following parameters were tested: (i) reproducibility of disks, (ii) the effect of variation in inoculum size, (iii) the effect of the age of culture, and (iv) the effect of predispensing disks. a total of 5,947 disks w ...	1976	791964
toxigenic bacterial diarrhea: nursery outbreak involving multiple bacterial strains.	an outbreak of watery diarrhea occurred in 14 of 15 infants in a special care unit over a four-day period. using the cho cell assay for enterotoxin, we found that 11 of these patients had toxigenic bacteria in their stools. these bacteria comprised nine different serotypes of three species of organisms: escherichia coli, klebsiella, and citrobacter. none of the three serotypes of e. coli were classic enteropathogenic serotypes. rectal swab specimens from all 15 infants were examined for the pres ...	1976	792408
angiographic and ultrasonic findings in infected simple cysts of the kidney.	this paper describes angiographic and ultrasonic findings in three patients with proven infected renal cyst. the clinical picture was that of inflammatory renal disease. b-mode ultrasonography showed the characteristic features of renal cyst; however, this technique cannot differentiate between infected and simple cysts. selective renal angiography demonstrated the following, enabling differentiation from simple renal cyst; hypervascular rim, irregular inflammatory vessels, indistinct interface ...	1976	793426
radiologic features of gram-negative pneumonias in the neutropenic patient.	while gram-negative pneumonia is a frequent complication in immunosuppressed patients with malignant disease, the diagnosis is difficult to establish. clinical and radiographic study of 195 episodes of pneumonia in 175 consecutive patients was undertaken. chest radiographs were negative in 19% of the episodes, probably due to absence of alveolar inflammatory cell infiltrate. radiographic patterns were classified as either alveolar or mixed alveolar and interstitial; no case of interstitial patte ...	1976	793427
[comparative results of cephacetrile with cefazolin in complicated urinary tract infections by means of double-blind trials (author's transl)].	in order to elucidate the usefulness of cephacetrile (cec), comparative trials with cefazolin (cez) were carried out in the patients with complicated infections of the urinary tract, and the following results were obtained: 1. there were no statistically significant differences or tendencies observed between the groups given cec and cez in either of the global effects, bacteriological effects, rate of superinfection, relapse, relapse with bacterial alternation, drug usefulness, rate of improveme ...	1976	796485
[role of conventionally pathogenic/intestinal bacteria in surgical practice (literature survey)].		1976	796557
the mutagenicity of cyclamates and their metabolites.		1976	796692
[drug resistance and virulence of citrobacter isolated from the focus of piglet intoxication].		1976	797596
on the serological relationship between salmonella o-groups 48 and 64 and the corresponding arizona o-groups 5 and 29 which would justify a merger of these groups.	in 1963 kauffmann divided o-group y (o:48) of the kauffmann-white schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 48(1),48(2) (s. dahlem), 48(1),48(2),48(3) (s. djakarta), 48(1),48(3),48(4) (citrobacter 2624/36). he also recommended the use of the two serotypes s. dahlem and s. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. at that time, serological relations--especially o-antigenic relations (and even some identities)--between the separate salmonella and arizona genera were known, viz. between the sa ...	1976	799475
biological values of the infant, juvenile, and adult agouti (dasyprocta sp) with emphasis on microbial flora.	normal values for intestinal flora were determined on four adult, two juvenile, and four infant agoutis (dasyprocta sp) maintained at our institution. serologic, hematologic, biochemical, and histologic observations were also made on these same agoutis, and serologic, microbiologic, and endoparasitic tests were made on serum and fecal samples from agoutis maintained at other institutions. streptococci, lactobacilli and nonenteropathogenic escherichia coli were isolated from cecal contents of all ...	1976	185456
gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials.	we studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. staph, aureus and staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae and h. ...	1976	5619
kinetic properties of serratia marcescens adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase.	the regulatory properties of partially purified adenosine 5'-diphosphate-(adp) glucose pyrophosphorylase from two serratia marcescens strains (atcc 274 and atcc 15365) have been studied. slight or negligible activation by fructose-p2, pyridoxal-phosphate, or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) was observed. these compounds were previously shown to be potent activators of the adpglucose pyrophosphorylases from the enterics, salmonella typhimurium, enterobacter aerogenes, e ...	1976	6432
observations on brilliant green agar with h2s indicator.	several formulations of brilliant green agar with an added h2s indicator were evaluated. results were optimum with variations of a basic formula consisting of 40 g of tryptic soy agar (difco), 8 g of lactose, 8 g of sucrose, 80 mg of phenol red, 1 g of sulfanilamide, 1.5 g of ferric ammonium citrate, 5 g of sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, and 7 mg of brilliant green dye per liter. brilliant green dye was added after sterilization of the other components this formulation supported good growth of ...	1976	7190
in vitro study of netilmicin compared with other aminoglycosides.	netilmicin (sch 20569) is an ethyl derivative of gentamicin c(1a) that is active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus isolates. among 342 clinical isolates tested, all staphylococci; 92% of escherichia coli, 93% of klebsiella pneumoniae, and 92% of enterobacter were inhibited by 0.8 mug or less of netilmicin per ml, but only 78% of p. aeruginosa were inhibited by 3.1 mug or less per ml. most clinical isolates of enterococci, serratia marcescens, and ...	1976	10829
approach to a practical method for screening and identifying microorganism genera from urine (author's transl).	in this study the author reported upon a practical new system for screening and identifying the microbial agents causing urinary tract infections. this system is composed of a combination of 3 screening procedures (ph-value + nitrite-test + catalase-test) and 8 selective culture media for the purpose of genus identification within 24 hours (uripret-g). a total of 130 cultures was investigated. the employed microorganisms were mainly recovered from urine samples. they included the following speci ...	1976	11179
immunological relationships of bacterial l-asparaginases.	rabbit antisera against l-asparaginase preparations from escherichia coli, erwinia carotovora, citrobacter sp. and chromobacterium violaceum showed on immunoelectrophoresis that only the enzymes from e. coli and citrobacter are immunologically related. purified preparations had to be used to determine the immunological cross-reactions. immunoelectrophoresis at different ph values yielded the zero mobility points of the enzymes. the activity of the er. carotovora preparation was enhanced up to fo ...	1976	54404
[live enteric typhoid vaccine consisting of a vi-negative double-dependent mutant of s. typhi and a vi-positive strain of citrobacter].	the authors present experimental data on the study of the living enteral vaccine against the typhoid infection from the vi-negative strain of salmonella with a double-dependence by streptomycin and purine, and from the vi-positive strain -- citrobacter 5396/38. the method of immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed an indenticity of the o- and h-antigens of the doubledependent mutant with the o- and h-antigens of the typhoid strains of bacteria (ty2-4446 and 5501). a sufficiently marked immunologic ...	1976	60853
[serological analysis of two complex salmonella respectively arizona o-groups (salmonella o:48 and o:64 - arizona o:5 and o:29) with the object of combining them into one salmonella o-group 48 within the kauffmann-white-schema (author's transl)].	in 1963 kauffmann divided o-group y (= o:48) of the kauffmann-white-schema into 3 sub-groups, e.g. 481, 482 - s. dahlem; 481, 482, 483 - s. djakarta; 481, 483, 484 = citrobacter no. 2624/36. he also recommended the use of the two serotypes s. dahlem and s. djakarta for the preparation of a diagnostic group-serum. at that time, serological relations- especially o-antigenic relations (and even some identities) - between the separate salmonella and arizona genera were known, viz. between the salmon ...	1976	65071
acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) by enterobacteriaceae isolated from paper mill process waters.	using selective media containing galactitol, over 130 enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from paper mill process waters collected from different localities. these bacteria were extensively characterized and tested for acetylene-reducing (nitrogen-fixing) activity under anaerobic conditions. high activity was found in representatives of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, erwinia herbicola, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter intermedius, and escherichia coli. un ...	1976	16345168
effects of varying concentrations of novobiocin incorporated into two salmonella plating media on the recovery of four enterobacteriaceae.	hydrogen sulfide-producing strains of salmonellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis were isolated from fresh pork sausage. all the strains produced black-centered colonies on hektoen enteric agar (he). on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (xld), c. freundii produced yellow colonies, and the strains of the other three genera formed black-centered colonies. the selectivity of he and xld for salmonellae was improved by the addition of novobiocin to both media. with increa ...	1977	16345211
[analysis of beta-galactosidase in differential study of salmonella and citrobacter].		1977	70559
anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria.	screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that clostridium app. and several other representatives of bacillaceae and enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) under anaerobic conditions. representatives of lactobacillaceae and propronibacterium were inactive. with 36cl-labelled gamma-hch a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by clostridium butyricum, c. pasteurianum and citrobacter freundii, while other f ...	1977	74989
two distinct types of trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase specified by r-plasmids of different compatibility groups.	r-plasmids from a number of trimethoprim-resistant escherichia coli and citrobacter sp. were studied after transfer to e. coli k12 hosts. each was found to specify a dihydrofolate reductase which was resistant to trimethoprim and methotrexate, and which could be completely separated from the host chromosomal enzyme by gel filtration. two distinct types of r-plasmid dihydrofolate reductases were identified. type i enzymes, typified by the r483 enzyme previously described (sköld, o., and widh, a. ...	1977	14961
effect of methionine sulfone on the growth of citrobacter intermedius c3 (author's transl).	specific activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (gd) and glutamate synthase (gts) has been determined in the wild strain c3 and on a non excreting pro- mutant strain. methionine sulfone shows inhibitory effects on their growth. the addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to the medium prevents the inhibitory effect and increases the gts specific activity in both strains. the physiological effect of methionine sulfone and its suppression by alpha-ketoglutarate is discussed.	1977	19817
[simplified diagnostic scheme for enterobacteriaceae].	after testing 18 experimental variants against 40 reference strains belonging to different enterovacteriaceae groups, the authors chose a multitest medium that permits concomitant testing of mobility, indol, lysinedecarboxylase and phenylalanine deaminase (milp). in this medium, the reactions of 3734 strains belonging to the genera escherichia, shigella. salmonella, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia. proteus and providencia were concordant with the reactions in individual test medi ...	1977	144994
endocarditis due to citrobacter diversus developing resistance to cephalothin.	a 43-year-old man was admitted with acute bacterial endocarditis. citrobacter diversus susceptible to cephalothin was isolated from blood cultures. citrobacter diversus was later isolated from the aortic valve cusps at surgery, but this isolate was resistant to cephalothin. laboratory testing showed that the citrobacter diversus recovered from blood cultures was capable of producing mutants highly resistant to cephalothin.	1977	266661
comparison of in vitro activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor.	inhibitory activity of cephalexin, cephradine, and cefaclor was compared by the who-ics agar dilution technique. cefaclor was substantially more active against staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, meningococci, haemophilus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, salmonellae, and shigellae than was cephalexin, which in turn was more active than cephradine. cefaclor appeared to be less resistant to staphylococcal penicillinase than did the other two ag ...	1977	301005
bactericidal factor produced by haemophilus influenzae b: partial purification of the factor and transfer of its genetic determinant.	when aerobically grown on complex media, haemophilus influenzae b and unencapsulated variants, rb strains, produced a bactericidal factor that was active against other haemophilus species and certain genera of the enterobacteriaceae. a total of 341 clinical isolates of haemophilus were tested for susceptibility to the factor. ninety-three percent of h. influenzae (nontypable), 75% of h. haemolyticus, 71% of h. parainfluenzae, and 22% of h. parahaemolyticus were susceptible. h. influenaze b strai ...	1977	301008
thermolabile repression of cephalosporinase synthesis in citrobacter freundii.	an unusual regulatory system of cephalosporinase synthesis in citrobacter freundii has been found. when the bacteria are grown at 20 c, the cephalosporinase is synthesized as a typical inducible enzyme and benzylpenicillin acts as an effective inducer. the enzyme, however, is synthesized in the absence of the inducer at growth temperatures above 25 c. when the growth temperature is shifted from 20 c to 37 c, the induction of enzyme synthesis is observed after about one half of the organism doubl ...	1977	203825
[coliform bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk].	studied were 360 samples of raw and 1404 samples of pasteurized milk, collected from three milk centers, for the presence of coliform bacteria. it was found that the coli titer of the raw milk varied from 10(-5) up to 10(-7), depending on the season. the regimes of pasteurization applied kill 100 per cent of the present coli organisms. after the thermic treatment the milk was additionally contaminated with coli forms from the containers and the equipment in dependence on the conditions of washin ...	1977	345606
[microbiological examinations in the intensive surgical care unit of the general calixto garcia teaching hospital].	microbiological examinations carried out in the intensive surgical-care unit of the "calixto garcía" teaching hospital between october, 1974 and february, 1976 are exposed. nineteen examinations were carried out in the unit and results were as follows: 53,1% of the personnel had pathogenic germs (43,8%, coagulase-positive staphylococci; 6,3%, beta-hemolytic streptococci; and 6,3%, klebsiella). acceptable results were obtained in the unit air but it was not the case in laboratory and nursery sect ...	1977	354643
interaction of blood with enterobacteriaceae: hemolysis, hemagglutination, fibrinolysis.	one thousand eighty enterobacteriaceae, isolated during a period of three months, were tested for the presence of hemolysis, hemagglutination and fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. the fibrinolysis on human erythrocytes and plasma. the escherichia coli have the greatest diversity of action on the blood. of 481 strains, 32.9% were hemolytic, 21.9% fibrinolytic, and 10.5% hemagglutinating. of 190 strains of klebsiella, 95.2% were fibrinolytic. of 53 strains of enterobacter, 90.6% were ...	1977	320861
effect of storage conditions of the performance of bismuth sulfite agar.	refrigerated storage of bismuth sulfite agar plates for up to 4 days did not adversely affect growth and colonial characteristics of selected salmonella strains. incubation of inoculated plates for 48 h favored the development of more salmonellae with typical morphology. inoculated plates of freshly poured medium incubated for 48 h gave recoveries similar to those on refrigerated plates and showed a high selectivity against citrobacter freundii and proteus vulgaris, organisms which mimic the col ...	1977	321469
gram-negative bacillary pneumonia in the compromised host.	the clinical and radiological characteristics of 217 consecutive episodes of gram-negative bacillary pneumonia occurring in 189 adult cancer patients between november 1968 and december 1974 were analyzed. the majority of patients had acute leukemia (54%). fever larger than or equal to 101 degrees f was the single most common symptom and sign of the presence of infection (90%). next in frequency were crepitant rales (65%), cough (41%), dyspnea (19%) and chest pain (18%). radiographic evidence of ...	1977	323640
pollution indicator bacteria associated with municipal raw and drinking water supplies.	a total of 3819 bacterial cultures isolated from municipal water samples were identified using a combination of enterotubules and confirmatory media. frequency distributions for the different genera or groups of bacteria were similar for raw water and drinking water isolations, except for escherichia organisms which doubled their frequency in raw water. differences between the membrane filter (mf) and presence-absence (p-a) test with regard to types of organisms isolated were limited to klebsiel ...	1977	324588
in vitro susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae to cefoxitin and bl-s786.	the in vitro antibacterial activity of two agents relatively resistant to beta-lactamases, bl-s786 and cefoxitin, was tested against 123 recent different clinical isolates of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. bl-s786 showed considerable activity against escherichia coli and lesser activity against klebsiella pneumoniae with, respectively, 68% and 41% inhibited at 32 microng/ml. cefoxitin showed more activity in vitro against e. coli, k. pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and providencia stu ...	1977	324961
[checking the reliability of the pathotec biochemical test system for bacterial identification].	tests of the pathotec system intended for express bacteriological diagnosis were checked in comparative experiments with the common biochemical methods. cultures of the following microbes were used: schigella, salmonella, escherichia, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, providencia, pseudomonas, bordetella, staphylococcus, streptococcus. in a number of tests, such as determination of cytochromoxidase, nitrate reduciase, phenylalaninedeaminase, indol, acetoin (for the differentiation ...	1977	325964
genetics of colicin e susceptibility in citrobacter freundii.	the insensitivity of citrobacter freundii to the e colicins is based on tolerance to colicin e1 and resistance to colicins e2 and e3. spontaneous colicin a resistant mutants of c. freundii also lost their colicin e1 receptor function. sensitivity to colicin e1 can be induced by f'gal+tol+ plasmids, the tol a+ gene product of which is responsible for this effect. receptor function for colicins e2 and e3 is induced by the e. coli f'14 bfe+ plasmid, which is also able to enhance notably the recepto ...	1977	326179
synthetic disaccharide-protein antigens for production of specific 04 and 09 antisera for immunofluorescence diagnosis of salmonella.	the synthetic disaccharides abequose 1 leads to a 3 mannose and tyvelose 1 leads to a 3 mannose, representative of salmonella o-antigen 4 and 9 respectively, were covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (bsa) . antisera from rabbits immunized with these immunogens were used in indirect immunofluorescence assay for the identification of group b (o-antigen 4) and d (o-antigen 9) salmonella. a total of 1030 enteric bacterial strains were tested, including 207 group b and 55 group d salmonella. th ...	1977	327249
the mutagenic action of nitroimidazoles. ii. tinidazole, ipronidazole, panidazole and ornidazole.	the 5-nitroimidazoles tinidazole (fasigyn), ipronidazole (ro-7-1554), panidazole and ornidazole (tiberal, ro-7-0207) in concentrations of 0.02--1 mm per liter increased the mutation frequency of klebsiella pneumoniae. escherichia coli k12 and citrobacter freundii to streptomycin resistance, including streptomycin dependence, in luria and delbrück's fluctuation test. at low concentration (0.1 mm), the increase of the mutation frequency caused by each compound was nearly the same, i.e. 3--4 times ...	1977	327306
age and evolution of bacteria.		1977	330208
esculin hydrolysis by enterobacteriaceae.	literature reports disagree concerning esculin hydrolysis in the family enterobacteriaceae. a total of 2,490 strains of the family were investigated for esculin hydrolysis by two methods, the esculin spot test and the pathotec incubation strip, which measures constitutive enzyme, and five growth-supporting methods, which determine both constitutive and inducible enzymes. the five growth-supporting media studied were: vaughn-levine, the standard esculin hydrolysis medium (p. r. edwards and w. h. ...	1977	330558
[quantitative determination of antibodies in sera using bacterial immunosorbents].		1977	331783
enzymatic degradation of polygalacturonic acid by yersinia and klebsiella species in relation to clinical laboratory procedures.	as scored by several specified plating procedures, clinical and environmental strains of yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and klebsiella pneumoniae "oxytocum" showed detectable, albeit generally weak, ability to digest polygalacturonic (pectic) acid. none of these bacterial strains had the vigorous and rapid pectolytic activity on these polygalacturonic acid-containing media that is typical of soft-rot erwinia species, although some of the oxytocum strains came fairly close. ...	1977	334794
preprototype of an automated microbial detection and identification system: a developmental investigation.	the automicrobic system is an automated, computerized instrument that uses highly selective media and an optical system for detection, enumeration, and identification of bacteria and some yeasts in 13 h. a preprototype instrument (automicrobic system-1) and its urine culture kit (identi-pak), developed for the detection, enumeration, and identification of eight species or groups of bacteria and of candida species and torulopsis glabrata in urine specimens, was evaluated during its development. a ...	1977	334797
automated microbiological detection/identification system.	an automated, computerized system, the automicrobic system, has been developed for the detection, enumeration, and identification of bacteria and yeasts in clinical specimens. the biological basis for the system resides in lyophilized, highly selective and specific media enclosed in wells of a disposable plastic cuvette; introduction of a suitable specimen rehydrates and inoculates the media in the wells. an automated optical system monitors, and the computer interprets, changes in the media, wi ...	1977	334798
[enterobacteria erroneously identified as salmonella in human faeces (author's transl)].	to differentiate citrobacter freundii, enterobacter hafniae, proteus mirabilis and alteromonas putrefaciens from salmonella strains isolated in faeces, the author recommends the use of "hajna-kligler" medium, "nitrate-motility-mannitol" medium, "urease-indole-trytophane desaminase" medium and glycerol peptonated water. the lysis of salmonella and e. hafniae strains by specific phages (felix and callow o: 1 salmonella phage; guinee and valkenburg hafnia phage) is emphasized.	1977	335345
[study of the role of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in acute intestinal diseases].	conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria were isolated in 34.2% of the patients with acute intestinal diseases (1559 cases examined in all). such representatives of enterobacteria as klebsiella, hafnia, citrobacter of 4, 8, and 22 serological groups. proteus mirabilis of 6, 10, 13, 26, and 28 serological groups, and proteus morganii mostly played the etiological role. in some of the patients conditionally pathogenic microbes only aggravated the main disease, taking part in the development of dysb ...	1977	335739
[the effect of resuscitation on the results obtained in identification of enterobacteriaceae by the api system (author's transl)].	during studies on the reliability of the api system, the question arose whether the small proportion of adequate results in cultures stored at 4 degrees c could be attributable to this method of storage. therefore, the reactions of those cultures which had caused most problems were studied following periods of storage ofone day, six weeks and nine weeks at 4 degrees c, and in the freeze-dried state. storage in particular conditions was found to have a definite effect on the reliability of the ap ...	1977	337567
[is congenital hour-glass bladder always a malformation? (author's transl)].	hour-glass bladder was detected by x-ray investigation in a newborn female infant with delayed postpartum micturition. no signs of difficulty in micturition or urinary tract infection were subsequently detected. control x-ray investigation at the age of 5 1/2 months showed a completely normal-shaped urinary bladder. this finding contrasts with the general opinion that hour-glass bladder is caused by a congenital malformation.	1977	337685
findings of yersinia in rats and sewer rats.	survey of first methodical experiences in the microbiological examination of sewer rats rattus norvegicus and rats rattus rattus for yersiniae. from total of 178 cadavers 30 yersinia cultures were isolated, including 4 yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype iii strains. yersinia enterocolitica serotype o3 was isolated only from rats rattus rattus in pig houses. importance of suitable treatment of cadavers (at best in frozen state) and their quick delivery to the laboratory is being discussed.	1977	337734
[r-factor distribution and characteristics of the e. coli isolated from pigs].	studied was the occurrence of the r-factors in escherichia coli isolated from pigs. it was demonstrated that in 73.3 per cent of the cases drug resistance could be transmitted to citrobacter. in this instance an occasional drop-out of the markers of resistance to kanamycin, neomycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was observed. in the author's experiments no transmission of the marker of resistance to furazolidon was established. the transmission of the signs of resistance to kana ...	1977	339513
aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by r plasmids of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, providencia stuartii and serratia marcescens.		1977	340445