Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a pleiotropic reduced virulence (rvi-) mutant of erwinia carotovora subspecies atroseptica is defective in flagella assembly proteins that are conserved in plant and animal bacterial pathogens. | erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica was mutagenized and assayed for virulence in planta. those mutants which exhibited reduced virulence (rvi-) were assayed for growth rate, auxotrophy and extracellular enzyme secretion and seven mutants were found to be wild type for all of these phenotypes. when screened for other phenotypes, two were found to be non-motile. one mutant was complemented for motility by a heterologous gene library. a 2.7kb xmaiii-clai complementing fragment was sequenced and t ... | 1993 | 8412685 |
| genetic analysis of the rhizobium meliloti exoyfq operon: exoy is homologous to sugar transferases and exoq represents a transmembrane protein. | the nucleotide sequence of a 4.8-kb clai-ecori dna fragment of megaplasmid 2 of rhizobium meliloti rm2011 involved in succinoglucan (eps i) synthesis and nodule infection was determined. four open reading frames (orfs) were identified on this fragment. a mutational analysis revealed that these orfs represent genes that were termed exox, exoy, exof, and exoq. the locations of transposon insertions in these exo genes were determined at the nucleotide level. plasmid integration mutagenesis revealed ... | 1993 | 8439670 |
| interaction of xanthomonas campestris with arabidopsis thaliana: characterization of a gene from x. c. pv. raphani that confers avirulence to most a. thaliana accessions. | infiltration of leaves of arabidopsis thaliana accession columbia with xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris leads to bacterial growth and disease symptoms reminiscent of those incited in brassica plants inoculated under the same conditions. a search among a. thaliana accessions for variation in the reaction phenotype to strains of x. campestris pathovars campestris, aberrans, and raphani showed that there were no clear differential responses between plant accessions to the individual bacte ... | 1993 | 8471795 |
| ecological and genetic analysis of copper and streptomycin resistance in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. | strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae resistant to copper, streptomycin, or both compounds were recovered from symptomless and diseased tissue of four woody hosts in three nurseries in oklahoma. in strains resistant to copper and streptomycin (cur smr), resistance to both compounds was cotransferred with a single plasmid which was either 68, 190, or 220 kilobase pairs (kb). all cus smr strains contained a 68-kb conjugative plasmid. cur sms strains contained one plasmid which varied in siz ... | 1993 | 8476279 |
| detection of xanthomonas campestris pv. citri by the polymerase chain reaction method. | pfl1 is a puc9 derivative that contains a 572-bp ecori insert cloned from plasmid dna of xanthomonas campestris pv. citri xc62. the nucleotide sequence of pfl1 was determined, and the sequence information was used to design primers for application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to the detection of x. campestris pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease. seven 18-bp oligonucleotide primers were designed and tested with dna from x. campestris pv. citri strains and othe ... | 1993 | 8476288 |
| resistance in tomato to xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria is determined by alleles of the pepper-specific avirulence gene avrbs3. | bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper caused by xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria is prevented by resistance genes in the plant that match genes for avirulence in the bacterium. based on dna homology to the avirulence gene avrbs3, which induces the resistance response on pepper, we have isolated another avirulence gene from x. c. vesicatoria, designated avrbs3-2. this gene differs in specificity from avrbs3 in inducing the hypersensitive response on tomato but not on pepper. sequence a ... | 1993 | 8479432 |
| genetic and biochemical analysis of salmonella typhimurium flii, a flagellar protein related to the catalytic subunit of the f0f1 atpase and to virulence proteins of mammalian and plant pathogens. | flii is a salmonella typhimurium protein that is needed for flagellar assembly and may be involved in a specialized protein export pathway that proceeds without signal peptide cleavage. flii shows extensive sequence similarity to the catalytic beta subunit of the f0f1 atpase (a. p. volger, m. homma, v. m. irikura, and r. m. macnab, j. bacteriol. 173:3564-3572, 1991). it is even more similar to the spa47 protein of shigella flexneri (m. m. venkatesan, j. m. buysse, and e. v. oaks, j. bacteriol. 1 ... | 1993 | 8491729 |
| toward an integrated linkage map of common bean. iii. mapping genetic factors controlling host-bacteria interactions. | restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based genetic linkage maps allow us to dissect the genetic control of quantitative traits (qt) by locating individual quantitative trait loci (qtls) on the linkage map and determining their type of gene action and the magnitude of their contribution to the phenotype of the qt. we have performed such an analysis for two traits in common bean, involving interactions between the plant host and bacteria, namely rhizobium nodule number (nn) and resistan ... | 1993 | 8514141 |
| evidence of the specific molecular interactions between naringenin, nodd and nod-promoter. | this paper presents evidence that specific molecular interactions occur between three nod regulation elements: naringenin, nodd and nod-promoter. no such interactions were observed when the concentration of naringenin was less than 0.4 mm. however, remarkable molecular interactions were observed when naringenin was at 4.0 mm. the interactions were highly specific because no such interactions have been observed when naringenin was exposed at various concentrations to other promoter-regulatory pro ... | 1993 | 8199325 |
| identification, genetic and biochemical analysis of genes involved in synthesis of sugar nucleotide precursors of xanthan gum. | a genetic and biochemical analysis of xanthomonas campestris chromosomal functions required for xanthan polysaccharide synthesis (xps) was undertaken. seven xps dna regions were isolated after conjugation of chemically induced non-mucoid mutants with a genomic library of x. campestris dna. no overlapping segments between regions were detected, based on physical mapping, indicating the unlinked character of these regions. clones complementing several different mutants belonging to the same region ... | 1993 | 20050414 |
| regulatory mutations affecting the synthesis of pectate lyase in xanthomonas campestris. | four classes of xanthomonas campestris mutants were identified with respect to pectate lyase. pectate lyase production in the wild-type and classes i and iib mutants was partially dependent on the growth-phase whereas in classes iia and iii it was totally dependent. enzyme activity in some of the mutants was constitutive and resistant to catabolite repression. | 1993 | 24419956 |
| high-pressure sterilization of ice nucleation-active xanthomonas campestris and its application to egg processing. | xanthomonas campestris inxc-1 is able to freeze water at a subzero temperature higher than -5°c. high-pressure treatment at 300 mpa and 5°c for 5 min killed the cells without affecting their ice-nucleation activity. egg white containing the pressurized cells began to freeze with a slight degree of supercooling. ice crystals with a dendritic structure were formed when the egg white froze in the presence of the killed bacterial cells. the frozen egg white thawed more quickly than egg white frozen ... | 1993 | 27280991 |
| screening, isolation, and identification of food-originated compounds enhancing the ice-nucleation activity of xanthomonas campestris. | some foods from plant sources, particularly of moringeceae origin, contained compounds that enhanced bacterial ice-nucleation activity. a hot water extract from mustard seeds was so potent in its enhancing activity that the compounds responsible could be isolated from the seeds as yellow crystals. by instrumental analyses, this enhancer was identified as 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid. the addition of a purified preparation of this compound at 0.1-1 ppm to the cultivation medium for xanthomo ... | 1994 | 27315706 |
| purification and characterization of periplasmic alpha-amylase from xanthomonas campestris k-11151. | xanthomonas campestris k-11151, isolated from soil, produced a periplasmic alpha-amylase of a new type. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as shown by several criteria. the purified enzyme showed almost the same activities on alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins, soluble starch, and amylose. moreover, it was active on branched cyclodextrins, pullulan, and maltose but not on glycogen. kinetic analysis showed that alpha-cyclodextrin was the best substrate among the cyclodextrins. the substr ... | 1994 | 8206836 |
| molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping, and sequence analysis of copper resistance genes from xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis: homology with small blue copper proteins and multicopper oxidase. | copper-resistant strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis occur in walnut orchards throughout northern california. the copper resistance genes from a copper-resistant strain c5 of x. campestris pv. juglandis were cloned and located on a 4.9-kb clai fragment, which hybridized only to dna of copper-resistant strains of x. campestris pv. juglandis, and was part of an approximately 20-kb region which was conserved among such strains of x. campestris pv. juglandis. hybridization analysis indic ... | 1994 | 8282694 |
| molecular characterization, nucleotide sequence, and expression of the flio, flip, fliq, and flir genes of escherichia coli. | the flil operon of escherichia coli contains seven genes that are involved in the biosynthesis and functioning of the flagellar organelle. dna sequences for the first three genes of this operon have been reported previously. a 2.2-kb psti restriction fragment was shown to complement known mutant alleles of the flio, flip, fliq, and flir genes, the four remaining genes of the flil operon. four open reading frames were identified by dna sequence analysis and correlated to their corresponding genes ... | 1994 | 8282695 |
| nucleotide sequence determination, characterization and purification of the single-stranded dna-binding protein and major coat protein of filamentous phage phi lf of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | phi lf is a filamentous bacteriophage of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which can integrate its genome into the host chromosome. the nucleotide sequence of an ecorv-sphi fragment (1018 bp) from the phi lf replicative form dna was determined. four contiguous open reading frames (orfs), orf98-orf43-orf38-orf42, were revealed. orfs 98 and 42 were identified as the genes encoding a single-stranded dna-binding protein (sbp) and a major coat protein, respectively. sbp was purified and found to ... | 1994 | 8113723 |
| genetic analysis of escherichia coli o9 rfb: identification and dna sequence of phosphomannomutase and gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase genes. | subcloning, transposon insertion, and deletion analysis revealed that the escherichia coli o9 rfb region is about 12 kb in size. the region encodes at least seven polypeptides of 89, 74, 55, 50, 44, 41 and 39.5 kda. southern hybridization analysis of rfb regions of e. coli o8 and o9, and klebsiella o3 and o5 serotypes (all of these o polysaccharides are mannose homopolymers and the structures of the repeating unit of e. coli o9 and klebsiella o3 are identical) showed that a central region specif ... | 1994 | 8162191 |
| isolation and characterization of a generalized transducing phage for xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | we have isolated and characterized a lytic double-stranded dna xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris bacteriophage (xtp1) capable of mediating generalized transduction. the phage transduces chromosomal markers at frequencies of 10(-5) to 10(-6) transductants per pfu. we demonstrated its genetic utility by the isolation and cotransduction of linked transposon insertions to a nonselectable locus, xgl, required for the cleavage of 5-bromo-3-chloro-indoyl-beta-d-galactoside and showed that rif and s ... | 1994 | 8195091 |
| cloning and characterization of the hema gene for synthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid in xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. | the gene from xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli that is involved in the c5 pathway of delta-amino-levulinic acid (ala) of escherichia coli. subcloning of deletion fragments from the initial 2.5-kilobase (kb) chromosomal fragment allowed the isolation of a 1.6-kb fragment that could complement the hemm mutation. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 1.6-kb dna fragment revealed an open reading frame that encodes a polypeptide of 426 amino acid residues, and the deduced molecular mass of this poly ... | 1994 | 7764570 |
| enhancing effect of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid on transcription of the ice nucleation-active gene of xanthomonas campestris. | cultivation of an ice nucleation-active strain of xanthomonas campestris in the presence (1 ppm) of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid resulted in enhancement of its ice-nucleation activity. both the ice-nucleation-active protein, inax, and its mrna were effectively expressed in the bacterial cells cultured in the presence of this compound. this indicates that this compound stimulated the biosynthesis of the ice-nucleation-active protein. | 1994 | 7765721 |
| [cloning and expression of beta-glucosidase gene in xanthomonas campestris xa5-5]. | a beta-glucosidase gene from xanthomonas campestris xa5-5 was cloned in escherichia coli with the broad-host-range plasmid prk404. the beta-glucosidase encoding plasmid designated plzs1 contained a 1.1kb psti dna fragment deriving from xa5-5. the plasmid plzs1 was transconjugated by filter mating into xa5-5 producing homologous clones xa5-5(plzs1). plasmid stability analysis revealed that plzs1 was more stable in xa5-5 than in e. coli jm83. the level of beta-glucosidase expressed in xa5-5 (plzs1 ... | 1994 | 7801636 |
| gellan lyases--novel polysaccharide lyases. | a number of bacterial strains capable of degrading the bacterial exopolysaccharide gellan have been isolated by standard enrichment procedures. they include several pink-pigmented gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria. a red-pigmented gram-positive bacillus earlier found to degrade the exopolysaccharide xanthan from xanthomonas campestris also showed slight gellanase activity. all the gram-negative bacteria are non-fermentative, motile and amylase-producing. the gellan degradation in each case is du ... | 1994 | 7812440 |
| [bacterial leaf blight affecting syngonium podophyllum in argentina]. | bacterial leaf blight of syngonium podophyllum caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii is recorded for the first time in argentina. the first symptom of the disease was an interveinal watersoaking of leaves, the tissues became chlorotic and finally necrotic over areas of about 4 cm. the identification of the causal microorganism was based on disease symptoms, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and pathogenicity test. | 1994 | 7838977 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae and their use to investigate differences in virulence. | four xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae isolates from mango black spot lesions were grouped according to differences in virulence and used to raise monoclonal antibodies (mabs). two immunization approaches were followed. in the first, four groups of mice were immunized, each with a different isolate and the spleens from each group homogenized together for cell fusion. the second approach entailed immunization of a single group of mice with bacteria pooled from all four isolates. the re ... | 1994 | 7528196 |
| pathogenicity determinants and global regulation of pathogenicity of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | 1994 | 7859511 | |
| isolation of an insertion sequence (is1051) from xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae with potential use for strain identification and characterization. | a new insertion sequence was isolated from xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. sequence analysis showed that this element is 1,158 bp long and has 15-bp inverted repeat ends containing two mismatches. comparison of this sequence with sequences in data bases revealed significant homology with escherichia coli is5. is1051, which detected multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms, was used as a probe to characterize strains from the pathovar dieffenbachiae. | 1994 | 7906933 |
| tomato mutants altered in bacterial disease resistance provide evidence for a new locus controlling pathogen recognition. | we have employed a genetic approach to study the resistance of tomato to the phytopathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. resistance to p. s. tomato depends upon expression of the pto locus in tomato, which encodes a protein with similarity to serine/threonine protein kinases and recognizes pathogen strains expressing the avirulence gene avrpto. eleven tomato mutants were isolated with altered resistance to p. s. tomato strains expressing avrpto. we identified mutations both in the ... | 1994 | 7911348 |
| partial characterization of fimbriae of xanthomonas campestris pv. hyacinthi. | xanthomonas campestris pv. hyacinthi is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes yellow disease in hyacinthus. x. c. pv.hyacinthi produces monopolarly attached fimbriae with a diameter of approximately 5 nm and a length of at least 6 micron. fimbriae were purified by acid precipitation and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. no hemagglutinating activity of purified fimbriae was found when the fimbriae were tested with several types of erythrocytes. the fimbrial ... | 1994 | 7912121 |
| genetic analysis of hrp-related dna sequences of xanthomonas campestris strains causing diseases of citrus. | the hrp gene cluster of strains of xanthomonas campestris that cause diseases of citrus was examined by southern hybridization of genomic dna and by restriction endonuclease analysis of enzymatically amplified dna fragments of the hrp gene cluster. the hrp genes were present in all strains of the pathovars of x. campestris tested in this study, including strains of the three aggressiveness groups of the citrus bacterial spot pathogen, x. campestris pv. citrumelo. x. campestris pv. citri strains ... | 1994 | 7912499 |
| molecular mechanisms of copper resistance and accumulation in bacteria. | an unusual mechanism of metal resistance is found in certain plant pathogenic strains of pseudomonas syringae that are exposed to high levels of copper compounds used in disease control on agricultural crops. these bacteria accumulate blue cu2+ ions in the periplasm and outer membrane. at least part of this copper sequestering activity is determined by copper-binding protein products of the copper resistance operon (cop). potential copper-binding sites of the periplasmic copa protein show conser ... | 1994 | 7917425 |
| mechanism of bacitracin resistance in gram-negative bacteria that synthesize exopolysaccharides. | four representative species from three genera of gram-negative bacteria that secrete exopolysaccharides acquired resistance to the antibiotic bacitracin by stopping synthesis of the exopolysaccharide. xanthomonas campestris, sphingomonas strains s-88 and nw11, and escherichia coli k-12 secrete xanthan gum, sphingans s-88 and nw11, and colanic acid, respectively. the gumd gene in x. campestris is required to attach glucose-p to c55-isoprenyl phosphate, the first step in the assembly of xanthan. a ... | 1994 | 7928993 |
| [xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris b-1459]. | the production of xantano from xanthomonas campestris b-1459 was analyzed. the experiments were performed in shaked flasks at 250 rpm and 2.5 cm eccentricity. using a base modified medium it was possible to achieve xantano concentration of 35 g/l in 72 h of process. the modified medium contained glucose as carbon source, and yeast extract, meat peptone, malt extract and amaranth meal as growth factors and nitrogen sources, in a kh2po4/k2hpo4 buffer. | 1994 | 7938501 |
| defense-related gene induction in brassica campestris in response to defined mutants of xanthomonas campestris with altered pathogenicity. | we have studied the induction of beta-1,3-glucanase (bgl) in turnip following inoculation with pathovars of xanthomonas campestris and derived mutants. bgl transcript accumulated more rapidly in leaves in the incompatible interactions with x. c. pv. armoraciae and x. c. pv. raphani than in the compatible interaction with x. c. pv. campestris. no accumulation was seen in response to wounding or inoculation with water, salicylic acid, or escherichia coli. deletion of the hrp cluster from the x. ca ... | 1994 | 7949324 |
| avirulence gene avrpphc from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 3121: a plasmid-borne homologue of avrc closely linked to an avrd allele. | cosmid clone ppsp01 from race 1 pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola isolate 3121 conferred a unique pattern of soybean cultivar reactions when expressed in p. s. pv. glycinea r4. the avirulence phenotype was shown to result from the presence in clone ppsp01 of an avrd allele as well as an additional avirulence gene located approximately 5-kb upstream. the new gene, called avrpphc, shows high identity to and is phenotypically identical to avrc, previously cloned from p. s. pv. glycinea race 0. ... | 1994 | 7949327 |
| a chromosomal cluster of genes encoding adp-glucose synthetase, glycogen synthase and phosphoglucomutase in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | a chromosomal region from agrobacterium tumefaciens that complements exoc (pgm) mutations was cloned and sequenced. a cluster of three open reading frames (orf1, orf2 and orf3) was identified. these genes are oriented in the same direction and are involved in the synthesis of glycogen and other polysaccharides. orf1 encodes a 420-amino-acid (aa) protein with 55.9% homology to escherichia coli glgc (adp-glucose synthetase, ec 2.7.7.27). orf2 encodes a 480-aa protein with 42.2% homology to e. coli ... | 1994 | 7959036 |
| a long lytic cycle in filamentous phage cf1tv infecting xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. | in this study the lytic cycle of a filamentous phage is reported. under normal laboratory cultivation conditions a virulent form could spontaneously and easily arise from a temperate phage. the virulent one could superinfect cells containing cf1t lysogen. therefore, we have named it cf1tv. in a colony formation assay using cells from an infected culture, two types of colonies were observed, small and large. it could be proven that the formation of small colonies is the result of killing during c ... | 1994 | 7979966 |
| sensitive and specific detection of xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii with dna primers and probes identified by random amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | the random amplified polymorphic dna method was used to distinguish strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii from 21 other xanthomonas species and/or pathovars. among the 42 arbitrarily chosen primers evaluated, 3 were found to reveal diagnostic polymorphisms when purified dnas from compared strains were amplified by the pcr. the three primers revealed dna amplification patterns which were conserved among all 53 strains tested of x. campestris pv. pelargonii isolated from various locatio ... | 1994 | 7993095 |
| specific protein phosphorylation induced in xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae by bacteriophage xp12. | we have investigated the endogenous phosphorylation patterns of phosphorylated proteins of xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae induced by its bacteriophages. for bacteriophage xp12-infected cells, at least three phosphoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 28, 28.5 and 45 kda were detected by in vitro labeling with [gamma-32p]-atp. these xp12-specific phosphoproteins only occurred with xp12 infection, and were not shown in uninfected or xp10-infected cells. the protein kinase(s) responsible ... | 1994 | 8002710 |
| detection and identification of phytopathogenic xanthomonas strains by amplification of dna sequences related to the hrp genes of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | three pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for different regions of the hrp gene (hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity) cluster of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were designed and tested for amplification of dna isolated from a large number of different bacteria. dna sequences related to the hrp genes were successfully amplified from x. fragariae and from 28 pathovars of x. campestris. no dna amplification occurred with genomic dna from phytopathogenic strains of x. campestris ... | 1994 | 8017904 |
| a new, pathogen-inducible gene of arabidopsis is expressed in an ecotype-specific manner. | in this study we describe a novel gene, which was isolated in an attempt to search for specific plant resistance genes of arabidopsis against isolates of the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the gene was cloned by differential screening of a genomic library of the xcc 750-resistant ecotype col-0, using cdna populations derived from ecotype col-0 and the xcc 750-susceptible ecotype oy-0. the isolated gene, cxc750, is differentially expressed in ecotypes of arabidop ... | 1994 | 8018872 |
| characterization of random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) products from xanthomonas campestris and some comments on the use of rapd products in phylogenetic analysis. | as part of our research to determine phylogenetic relationships of organisms within the phytobacterial species xanthomonas campestris, we have examined the use of the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique. the objective of this aspect of our research was to determine if a valid cladistic character analysis could be carried out by direct comparison of rapd products separated on ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. rapd products were amplified from 47 xanthomonas campestris dna templ ... | 1994 | 8075833 |
| characterization of two novel filamentous phages of xanthomonas. | two filamentous phages of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were isolated and designated phi xv and phi xo, respectively. they were similar to other filamentous phages of xanthomonas in (i) shape, (ii) restrictive host specificity, (iii) high stability, (iv) an ssdna genome, (v) a dsdna as the replicative form (rf), (vi) propagation without lysis of host cells and (vii) ability to integrate into the host chromosome. these phages showed sequence homology to ... | 1994 | 8077961 |
| pathological and molecular characterization of xanthomonas campestris strains causing diseases of cassava (manihot esculenta). | fifty-one strains representing xanthomonas campestris pv. manihotis and cassavae and different pathovars occurring on plants of the family euphorbiaceae were characterized by ribotyping with a 16s+23s rrna probe of escherichia coli and by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with a plasmid probe from x. campestris pv. manihotis. pathogenicity tests were performed on cassava (manihot esculenta). histological comparative studies were conducted on strains of two pathovars of x. campest ... | 1994 | 16349463 |
| construction of lactose-utilizing xanthomonas campestris with a mini-mu derivative. | xanthomonas campestris is not able to grow in lactose media. the lactose operon from escherichia coli as part of a mini-mu phage was integrated at random sites in the chromosome of this bacterium. clones expressing (beta)-galactosidase were selected. the resulting strain x. campestris 204, is suitable for production of xanthan gum directly from lactose. | 1995 | 16534944 |
| genetic diversity among xanthomonas campestris strains pathogenic for small grains. | a collection of 51 xanthomonas campestris strains from throughout the world was studied to detect and assess genetic diversity among pathogens of small grains. isolates from barley, bread wheat, bromegrass, canary grass, cassava, maize, orchard grass, rice, rough-stalked meadow grass, rye, timothy, and triticale were analyzed by pathogenicity tests on bread wheat cv. alondra and barley cv. corona, indirect immunofluorescence, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). three probes were ... | 1995 | 16534952 |
| glutathione-s-transferase activity and metabolism of glutathione conjugates by rhizosphere bacteria. | glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity was determined in 36 species of rhizosphere bacteria with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and in 18 strains with the herbicide alachlor. highest levels of cdnb-gst activity (60 to 222 nmol (middot) h(sup-1) (middot) mg(sup-1)) were found in gram-negative bacteria: enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella planticola, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, and xanthomonas campestris. there was very l ... | 1995 | 16534956 |
| genomic localization of tomato genes that control a hypersensitive reaction to xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (doidge) dye. | xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria causes bacterial spot, one of the most serious diseases of tomatoes. the lycopersicon esculentum accession 'hawaii 7998' is the only reliable source of resistance to race 1 strains of the pathogen. this resistance is associated with a hypersensitive reaction controlled by multiple nondominant genes. the inoculated area becomes fully necrotic 24 hr after inoculation in 'hawaii 7998,' whereas full necrosis is observed 5 and 4 days after inoculation in the sus ... | 1995 | 8647402 |
| a locus determining pathogenicity of xanthomonas campestris is involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | a pathogenicity locus in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris has been shown to comprise two genes which mediate biosynthesis of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) but not extracellular polysaccharide. mutants with tn5 insertions in either gene showed alterations in the electrophoretic patterns of both water-soluble and phenol-soluble lps forms, which suggested defects in the biosynthesis of the core oligosaccharide component. on gel chromatography, core oligosaccharides of the mutants were ... | 1995 | 7579621 |
| lipopolysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris induces defense-related gene expression in brassica campestris. | purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris induced accumulation of transcript for beta-1,3-glucanase in turnip at concentrations of 1 micrograms/ml. the lipid a-inner core structure was required for activity but the o-antigen had no role. we suggest that release of lps in planta triggers expression of at least some defense-related genes. | 1995 | 7579622 |
| a specific puld homolog is required for the secretion of paracrystalline surface array subunits in aeromonas hydrophila. | aeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen of fish, and its high-virulence strains display a two-dimensional paracrystalline layer (s-layer) on their outermost surfaces. the nucleotide sequence of a 4.1-kb region located 700 bp upstream of the a. hydrophila tf7 s-layer protein gene (ahsa) has been determined. a sequence analysis of the region revealed the presence of three complete open reading frames ending in a gene encoding a 79.8-kda polypeptide that shows high homology to the puld family ... | 1995 | 7608063 |
| conservation of the hypersensitivity-pathogenicity regulatory gene hrpx of xanthomonas campestris and x. oryzae. | the hrpx gene is essential for pathogenicity of xanthomonas species. loss of hrpx by mutation results in the loss of pathogenicity and a gain in the ability of xanthomonas to cause the hypersensitive response in their respective host plants, suggesting that hrpx confers a means to evade this host defense response. the function of hrpx protein was predicted by sequencing of hrpxc and hrpxo from x. campestris pv. campestris and x. oryzae, respectively. the predicted amino acid sequences of the pro ... | 1995 | 7626786 |
| growth phase-dependent induction of stationary-phase promoters of escherichia coli in different gram-negative bacteria. | rsf1010-derived plasmids carrying a fusion of a promoterless lacz gene with the sigma s-dependent growth phase-regulated promoters of escherichia coli, bolap1 and fic, were constructed. the plasmids were mobilized into the gram-negative bacterial species acetobacter methanolicus, xanthomonas campestris, pseudomonas putida, and rhizobium meliloti. the beta-galactosidase activities of bacterial cultures were determined during exponential and stationary growth phases. transcriptional activation of ... | 1995 | 7665531 |
| subcellular location of xpsd, a protein required for extracellular protein secretion by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | the last orf of an xps gene cluster, designated xpsd, is required for the secretion of extracellular enzymes across the outer membrane in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. it could encode a protein of 759 amino acid residues. a consensus n-terminal lipoprotein signal peptide was revealed from its deduced amino acid sequence. a [3h]palmitate labelling experiment indicated that xpsd was fatty-acylated. differential extraction with triton x-100 disclosed that xpsd was fractionated with the out ... | 1995 | 7670641 |
| a homolog of the rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation gene fixn is involved in the production of a microaerobically induced oxidase activity in the phytopathogenic bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens. | hybridization analysis using the rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation gene fixn as a probe revealed the presence of a homologous dna region in the phytopathogenic bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens. hybridization signals were also detected with total dnas of rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, rhodobacter capsulatus and escherichia coli, but not those of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and pseudomonas putida. the hybridizing fragment from a. tumefaciens was cloned and sequenced. the pre ... | 1995 | 7753030 |
| expression of the stra-strb streptomycin resistance genes in pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas campestris and characterization of is6100 in x. campestris. | expression of the stra-strb streptomycin resistance (smr) genes was examined in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. the stra-strb genes in p. syringae and x. campestris were encoded on elements closely related to tn5393 from erwinia amylovora and designated tn5393a and tn5393b, respectively. the putative recombination site (res) and resolvase-repressor (tnpr) genes of tn5393 from e. amylovora, p syringae, and x. campestris were identical; however, is6100 ... | 1995 | 7487022 |
| fructose phosphotransferase system of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: characterization of the frub gene. | in the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, fructose is transported by a specific phosphotransferase system (pts). this pts involves a multiphosphoryl transfer protein (mtp) encoded by the frub gene, which was cloned and sequenced. frub is part of a transcriptional unit together with the fruk gene, coding for 1-phosphofructokinase, which is located upstream from the frua gene, coding for the fructose-specific permease (eiib'bcfru). the amino acid sequence of the x. campestris mt ... | 1995 | 7496537 |
| nucleotide sequence and expression of udp-glucose dehydrogenase gene required for the synthesis of xanthan gum in xanthomonas campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, producing large amounts of exopolysaccharide xanthan gum, has a mucoid phenotype. strain sd7 was a non-mucoid mutant deficient in udp-glucose dehydrogenase. a dna fragment able to complement the mutation of sd7 was cloned from the parental wild-type strain xc11. sequence analysis of the region required for the complementation revealed an open reading frame which could encode a polypeptide of 445 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 48,432, a si ... | 1995 | 7857269 |
| characterization of an open reading frame involved in site-specific integration of filamentous phage cf1t from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. | cf1t is a single-stranded dna filamentous phage; a 1.9-kb segment of dna from cf1t was found to be responsible for site-specific integration into xanthomonas campestris pv. citri (xw47), in the absence of any xanthomonas origin of replication. deletion analysis and introduction of amber stop codons into this fragment from cf1t revealed an open reading frame (orf344) which was involved in the integration function. the predicted amino-acid sequence of orf344 bears no homology with conserved sequen ... | 1995 | 7789813 |
| xanthomonas campestris pv. parthenii pathovar nov. incitant of leaf blight of parthenium. | a new bacterial leaf blight disease of parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus l.) is described for the first time. the disease-causing bacterium was isolated and its morphological, physiological and biochemical characters were determined. the pathogenicity of bacterium is apparently limited only to parthenium. the pathogen was identified as xanthomonas campestris pv. parthenii pathovar nov. on the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenic characteristics. | 1995 | 8546453 |
| [isolation of xanthan from xanthomonas campesteris b-1459 in mechanically agitated fermentors]. | xanthan production from xanthomonas campestris was studied by a mechanically shaken fermentor. influence of glucose concentration, aeration of culture media, rheology of broths and ph control was evaluated. different aeration conditions based on variation of stirring rates were assayed. substrate concentration was determined according to the miller method, and polymer production was performed by the cadmus method. the higher xanthan levels (i.e. 2.3%) were obtained at 750 rpm, with 1 v/v. min. i ... | 1995 | 8588053 |
| [kinetic model of micro-organism growth: the case of xanthomonas campestris]. | microbial growth is studied and kinetic models to describe the process rate useful in the scale-up are proposed. the growth of xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459, a bacterium producing xanthan, a major industrial gum, is studied. experimental data are arranged by means of different methods, and linear and non-linear regression techniques are applied in several ways (i.e. fixing or not fixing the values of certain parameters) and they are compared. to obtain parameter values with statistical mean ... | 1995 | 8588843 |
| a conformational model for cyclic beta-(1-->2)-linked glucans based on nmr analysis of the beta-glucans produced by xanthomonas campestris. | a cyclic hexadecaglucoside containing 15 beta-(1-->2)-linkages and one alpha-(1-->6)-linkage (a. amemura and j. cabrera-crespo, j. gen. microbiol. 132 (1986) 2443-2452) was purified from cultures of xanthomonas campestris. the homogeneity of this glucan preparation facilitated the complete assignment of its 1h nmr spectrum and the assignment of all of the c-1 and c-2 resonances in its 13c nmr spectrum to specific residues within the glucan. the resonances (i.e., h-1, h-2, c-1 and c-2) that are c ... | 1995 | 8590443 |
| sequence and expression analysis of the hrpb pathogenicity operon of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria which encodes eight proteins with similarity to components of the hrp, ysc, spa, and fli secretion systems. | in this paper we describe the molecular characterization of hrpb, the largest operon in the xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria hrp cluster. the hrpb region encompasses 6 kb and encodes eight putative proteins, seven of which were expressed in escherichia coli. the hrpb3 protein is the only one carrying a signal peptide sequence at the n-terminus and is a putative lipoprotein localized in the outer membrane of x. campestris pv. vesicatoria. the hrpb4 and hrpb8 proteins contain one and five pu ... | 1995 | 8664494 |
| the type iv pre-pilin leader peptidase of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is functional without conserved cysteine residues. | type iv pre-pilin leader peptidase was demonstrated to be required for protein secretion, in addition to its involvement in biogenesis of type iv piii. the type iv pre-pilin leader peptidase gene of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was located on a 3 kb accl fragment on account of its hybridization with the dna fragment containing the type iv pre-pilin leader-peptidase gene pild/xcpa of pseudomonas aeruginosa. sequencing of the cloned fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) (designate ... | 1995 | 8817497 |
| transfer of resistance to xanthomonas campestris pv campestris into brassica oleracea l. by protoplast fusion. | black rot caused by the bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv campestris is one of the most serious diseases of brassica oleracea. since sources of resistance to the disease within b. oleracea are insufficient and control means are limited, the development of resistant breeding lines is extremely desirable. certain lines of b. napus contain very high resistance controlled by a dominant gene, but crossing the two species sexually is very difficult. therefore, somatic hybrids were produced by protop ... | 1995 | 24170061 |
| xanthan gum production by wild-type isolates of xanthomonas campestris. | five newly-isolated strains of xanthomonas campestris when compared with the standard strain, nrrl b-1459, showed higher broth viscosity and xanthan gum production. evaluation of polysaccharide rheology is a very important determinant for selecting new xanthan-producing isolates. | 1995 | 24414901 |
| interspecific hybridization of cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. with the wild rice, o. minuta presl. | crosses were made between four varieties ('mahsuri', 'setanjung", 'mr84" and 'mr103") of oryza sativa l. (2n=24, aa) and one accession of o. minuta (2n= 8, bbcc). the seed set obtained ranged between 9.5% and 25.1% depending on the rice variety used. by rescuing 14-day-old embryos and culturing them on 25%-strength ms medium we obtained a total of 414 f1 hybrids. the f1s were vigorous, tillered profusely, were perennial and male-sterile. the hybrids were triploid (abc) with 36 chromosomes and sh ... | 1996 | 24162392 |
| the gene encoding udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase is required for the synthesis of xanthan gum in xanthomonas campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces a large quantity of exopolysaccharide, xanthan gum, rendering the colonies mucoid. g76e was a non-mucoid mutant isolated from xc17 by tn5 mutagenesis. a 3.0-kb kpni-ecori fragment from the xc17 chromosome was able to restore mucoid phenotype to g76e. sequence analysis of the region responsible for the restoration revealed an open reading frame, orf324, able to encode a polypeptide of 35,232 da which shows striking similarity to the udp-glucose pyrop ... | 1996 | 8831665 |
| genetic analysis of the transcriptional arrangement of azotobacter vinelandii alginate biosynthetic genes: identification of two independent promoters. | the study of alginate biosynthesis, the exopolysaccharide produced by azotobacter vinelandii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, might lead to different biotechnological applications. here we report the cloning of a. vinelandii alga, the gene coding for the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannose isomerase-guanosine diphospho-o-mannose pyrophosphorylase (pmi-gmp). this gene was selected by the complementation for xanthan gum production of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris xanb-mutants, which lack this en ... | 1996 | 8866469 |
| hrpg, a key hrp regulatory protein of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is homologous to two-component response regulators. | xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of pepper and tomato plants. expression of its basic pathogenicity genes, the hrp genes, is induced in planta and in xvm2 medium and is dependent on the hrp regulatory gene hrpxv for five out of six loci in the 23-kb hrp cluster. here we describe the isolation of a novel hrp gene, hrpg, that was identified after chemical mutagenesis and that is located next to the hrpxv gene. in a hrpg mutant induction of expres ... | 1996 | 8870269 |
| isolation and characterization of the gene encoding an aminopeptidase involved in the selective toxicity of ascamycin toward xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. | an aminopeptidase gene named xap has been isolated from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri, a plant pathogenic bacterium. the bacterium is one of the rare micro-organisms susceptible to ascamycin, an aminoacyl nucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis. sequence analysis reveals that the gene encodes a 311 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 35134 da and approx. 50% identity for amino acids to the proline iminopeptidase from neisseria gonorrhoeae. the xap gene product ... | 1996 | 8870654 |
| proline iminopeptidase gene from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. | the pip gene coding for the proline iminopeptidase (pip) of xanthomonas campestris pv. citri was cloned in an escherichia coli leub strain using a selective medium containing the dipeptide d-ala-l-leu as the sole source of l-leucine. nucleotide sequencing of this gene revealed a 939 bp open reading frame encoding a 312 amino acid protein (35 126 da). the deduced amino acid sequence showed 47% identity with the pip from neisseria gonorrhoeae. a lacz-pip fusion gene was overexpressed in e. coli un ... | 1996 | 8885412 |
| identification and nucleotide sequence of rhizobium meliloti insertion sequence isrm6, a small transposable element that belongs to the is3 family. | the insertion sequence isrm6 is a small transposable element identified in rhizobium meliloti strain gr4 by sequence analysis. two copies of this is element were found in strain gr4, one of them is linked to the nfe genes located on plasmid prmegr4b. isrm6 seems to be widespread in r. meliloti. data suggest that isrm6 is active in transposition at an estimated frequency of 2 x 10(-5) per generation per cell in strain gr4. this 1269-bp element carries 27/26-bp terminal imperfect inverted repeats ... | 1996 | 8917074 |
| the ori of filamentous phage phi lf is located within the gene encoding the replication initiation protein. | phi lf is a filamentous phage of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. in this study, the origin for phi lf replication was located in a 121-bp taqi fragment within gii, the gene encoding the replication initiation protein. this fragment, ligating with a gmr catridge, was able to be maintained as a plasmid (pt2) in strain xc17 with the gii being provided in trans. ssdna of pt2 was detected in the cells, indicating that pt2 may replicate by a rolling circle replication mechanism. upon superinfec ... | 1996 | 8920901 |
| construction of a broad-host-range promoter-probing vector and cloning of promoter fragments of xanthomonas campestris. | a broad-host-range promoter-probing vector, pmy3 (8.0 kb), was constructed for cloning of dna fragments containing promoter sequences of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. this vector (pmy3) consists of the rk2 replicon, promoterless luxab genes, the thr attenuator to block the transcription of rna into the luxab region, and multiple cloning sites for cloning of the fragment carrying promoter sequences. the feasibility of using pmy3 as a promoter-probing vector in both e. coli and xc17 was d ... | 1996 | 8920924 |
| identification, cloning and sequencing the acea gene involved in acetan biosynthesis in acetobacter xylinum. | the acea gene from acetobacter xylinum was identified and cloned from a genomic dna library. the complete dna sequence was determined and computer analysis of the translated gene sequence revealed homology with the deduced amino acid sequence of gumd from xanthomonas campestris. therefore acea is likely to encode the phosphate-prenyl glucose l-phosphate transferase catalyzing the first step in acetan biosynthesis in a. xylinum. | 1996 | 8935665 |
| single-stranded dna binding protein from bacteriophage cf: characterization, gene localization and protein-ssdna complex. | the single-stranded dna binding protein from the filamentous bacteriophage cf has been purified and characterized. the first 12 amino acids, resulting from the n-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis of the protein, agree with an open reading frame (orf) on the cf genome. the orf contains 294 bp and codes for a 98 a.a. protein of molecular weight 10.8 kda, consistent with the result from the denaturing protein gel analysis. the protein appears to be a homodimer as evident from the apparent mol ... | 1996 | 8950189 |
| regulation of the oxidative stress protective enzymes, catalase and superoxide dismutase in xanthomonas--a review. | xanthomonas showed atypical regulation of catalase (kat) and superoxide dismutase with respect to growth phase and response to various inducers. the highest levels of both enzymes were detected during early log phase of growth and declined as growth continued. this was in contrast to resistance levels to superoxides, h2o2 and organic peroxides, which reached maximum levels during stationary phase. xanthomonas catalase was induced over six fold by superoxide generators and methyl methane sulfonat ... | 1996 | 8955626 |
| the rpon gene of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is not required for pathogenicity. | we have cloned the rpon region of the pepper and tomato pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria to analyze its role in pathogenicity and hrp gene activation. open reading frame 3 (orf3) from this region is predicted to encode a protein that is up to 45% identical and 65% similar to previously described rpon proteins and was shown to be essential for the utilization of nitrate as sole nitrogen source. the x. campestris pv. vesicatoria rpon gene is, however, not required for pathogenicity ... | 1996 | 8969534 |
| recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein avrbs3 occurs inside the host plant cell. | the molecular mechanism by which bacterial avirulence genes mediate recognition by resistant host plants has been enigmatic for more than a decade. in this paper we provide evidence that the xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria avirulence protein avrbs3 is recognized inside the plant cell. transient expression of avrbs3 in pepper leaves, using agrobacterium tumefaciens for gene delivery, results in hypersensitive cell death, specifically on plants carrying the resistance gene bs3. in addition, ... | 1996 | 8980236 |
| genetic analysis of the acetan biosynthetic pathway in acetobacter xylinum: nucleotide sequence analysis of the aceb, acec, aced and acee genes. | sequence analysis of a 5.323 kb chromosomal dna fragment from acetobacter xylinum involved in the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide acetan, revealed the presence of four ace genes designated aceb, acec, aced and acee. comparison of translated gene sequences to the databanks was used to assign putative gene functions. aceb displayed strong homology to a glucose-diphosphoprenyl beta, d-glucose transferase from xanthomonas campestris, while acec was homologous to a cellobiosyl-diphosphoprenyl a ... | 1996 | 8988363 |
| cloning of extracellular lipase gene from xanthomonas campestris pathovar sesami on to escherichia coli. | a lipase gene from x. campestris pv. sesami (strain xcs 1) causal agent of leaf spot disease of sesamum indicum, was cloned onto e. colt. xcs showed the presence of lip+ transformants on dye's medium with 1% glycerol as sole carbon source. the recombinant plasmids were isolated and when digested with eco r1, yielded 2 fragments with molecular weights 4.0 and 4.8 kb. thus a 8.8 kb insert dna fragment was obtained which showed lipase activity. | 1996 | 8698403 |
| expression of periplasmic alpha-amylase of xanthomonas campestris k-11151 in escherichia coli and its action on maltose. | a gene encoding the periplasmic alpha-amylase of xanthomonas campestris k-11151 was cloned into escherichia coli using puc19 as a vector. an orf of 1578 bp was deduced to be the amylase structural gene. the primary structure of the enzyme had little identity with other alpha-amylases, except with the enzyme from bacillus megaterium. the enzyme was expressed in e. coli from the lac promoter of puc19 and was found to be transported to the periplasmic space. the expressed enzyme showed the same the ... | 1996 | 8704990 |
| spontaneous and induced mutations in a single open reading frame alter both virulence and avirulence in xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria avrbs2. | molecular characterization of the avrbs2 locus from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria has revealed that expression of this gene triggers disease resistance in bs2 pepper (capsicum annuum) plants and contributes to virulence of the pathogen. deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis established the avrbs2 gene as a 2,190-bp open reading frame encoding a putative 80.1-kda protein. two classes of xanthomonas pathogens evading bs2 host resistance and displaying reduced fitness were found ... | 1996 | 8755898 |
| isolation and nucleotide sequence of the gdp-mannose:cellobiosyl-diphosphopolyprenol alpha-mannosyltransferase gene from acetobacter xylinum. | a genetic locus from acetobacter xylinum involved in acetan polysaccharide synthesis has been characterized. the chromosomal region was identified by screening a genomic library of a. xylinum in a xanthomonas campestris mutant defective in xanthan polysaccharide synthesis. the a. xylinum cosmid clone can functionally complement a xanthan-negative mutant. the polymer produced by the recombinant strain was found to be indistinguishable from xanthan. insertion mutagenesis and subcloning of the cosm ... | 1996 | 8759843 |
| promoter analysis of the xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris gum operon directing biosynthesis of the xanthan polysaccharide. | the xanthomonas campestris gum gene cluster is composed of 12 genes designated gumb, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, -h, -i, -j, -k, -l, and -m. the transcriptional organization of this gene cluster was analyzed by the construction of gum-lacz transcriptional fusions in association with plasmid integration mutagenesis. this analysis, coupled with primer extension assays, indicated that the gum region was mainly expressed as an operon from a promoter located upstream of the first gene, gumb. | 1996 | 8763965 |
| two cold-inducible genes encoding lipid transfer protein ltp4 from barley show differential responses to bacterial pathogens. | the barley genes hvltp4.2 and hvltp4.3 both encode the lipid transfer protein ltp4 and are less than 1 kb apart in tail-to-tail orientation. they differ in their non-coding regions from each other and from the gene corresponding to a previously reported ltp4 cdna (now ltp4.1). southern blot analysis indicated the existence of three or more ltp4 genes per haploid genome and showed considerable polymorphism among barley cultivars. we have investigated the transient expression of genes hvltp4.2 and ... | 1996 | 8804389 |
| a gene for superoxide dismutase from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and its expression during bacterial-plant interactions. | a recombinant plasmid selected from a library of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris genomic dna by functional complementation of a superoxide dismutase (sod)-deficient strain of escherichia coli contained a gene encoding the major sod activity of x. campestris pv. campestris. inhibition and renaturation studies suggested that manganese was the metal cofactor for this sod. examination of the nucleotide sequence of an active subclone revealed a 612-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein w ... | 1996 | 8810073 |
| cloning and characterization of the rpfc gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae: involvement in exopolysaccharide production and virulence to rice. | rpfc is one of a cluster of genes which coordinately regulate the synthesis of extracellular enzymes and exopolysaccharide and pathogenicity in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the black rot pathogen of brassicas. an rpfc homolog which could functionally complement an rpfc mutant of x. campestris pv. campestris was identified in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and the gene was characterized. mutation of this gene in x. oryzae pv. oryzae had no effect on extracellular enzymes, but exopolysacc ... | 1996 | 8810082 |
| isolation and characterization of the reca gene of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | a 1.8-kb nsii-stui fragment containing the reca gene of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was cloned by a pcr-based approach and complementation of escherichia coli hb 101. sequence analysis of this fragment revealed an orf (orf343) of 1,032 bp able to encode a protein of 343 amino acids with a calculated mw of 37,021 da, a size similar to the values detected by in vitro system and western blotting. it showed 69.6% identity to the e. coli reca in amino acid sequence. amino acid residues of t ... | 1996 | 8619877 |
| linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in sphingomonas strain s88. | several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. they include gellan (s-60), welan (s-130), rhamsan (s-194), s-657, s-88, s-198, s-7, and nw-11. we refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. this paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a sphingomonas species (s88) that is required for capsule s ... | 1996 | 8626338 |
| cell-associated glucans of burkholderia solanacearum and xanthomonas campestris pv. citri: a new family of periplasmic glucans. | the cell-associated glucans produced by burkholderia solanacearum and xanthomonas campestris pv. citri were isolated by trichloroacetic acid treatment and gel permeation chromatography. the compounds obtained were characterized by compositional analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. b. solanacearum synthesizes only a neutral cyclic glucan containing 13 glucose residues, and x. campestris pv. citri synthesizes a ... | 1996 | 8636027 |
| cloning of a pectate lyase gene from xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum and comparison of its sequence relationship with pel genes of soft-rot erwinia and pseudomonas. | the cotton blight pathogen, xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum strain b414, produces an extracellular pectate lyase (pel) with an estimated m(r) of 41,000 and pi of 9.7. the gene coding for this enzyme initially identified in a 1.8-kb psti genomic dna fragment was cloned. the nucleotide sequences of this 1.8-kb fragment and two pel genes previously cloned from pseudomonas fluorescens and p. viridiflava were determined. these pel genes encoded pre-pel proteins consisting of 377 to 380 amino a ... | 1996 | 8589419 |
| a region of the filamentous phage phi lf genome that can support autonomous replication and miniphage production. | a 2028-bp fragment from the rf dna of phi lf, a filamentous phage of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, was maintained autonomously as a minireplicon. upon superinfection of the cells harboring the minireplicon with phi lf, transducing miniphage particles were released. the minireplicon contained an open reading frame (orf346) able to encode a polypeptide of mw39144, which possessed consensus motifs found in the rep proteins from various sources. these findings suggested orf346 to be the gen ... | 1996 | 8573116 |
| expression and localization of hrpa1, a protein of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria essential for pathogenicity and induction ofthe hypersensitive reaction. | the hrp cluster of the pepper and tomato pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is required for both pathogenicity on susceptible host plants and induction of the hypersensitive reaction on resistant plants. the hrpa locus is located at the left end of the 25-kb hrp region and encodes a single 64-kda hrp protein, hrpa1, which belongs to the puld superfamily of proteins involved in type ii and type iii protein secretion. in this study, we developed a defined medium without any plant-deri ... | 1996 | 8576039 |
| xpsd, an outer membrane protein required for protein secretion by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, forms a multimer. | xpsd is an outer membrane lipoprotein, required for the secretion of extracellular enzymes by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. our previous studies indicated that when the xpsd gene was interrupted by transposon tn5, extracellular enzymes were accumulated in the periplasm (hu, n.-t., hung, m.-n., chiou, s.-j., tang, f., chiang, d.-c. huang, h.-y. and wu, c.-y. (1992) j. bacteriol. 174, 2679-2687). in this study, we constructed a series of substitutions and deletion mutant xpsd genes to inv ... | 1996 | 8576244 |
| catabolite-repressor-like protein regulates the expression of a gene under the control of the escherichia coli lac promoter in the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black-rot disease of cruciferous plants, and an important industrial microbe, was able to express the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (uida) when fused to the e. coli lactose operon promoter on a wide-host-range plasmid vector. the gene fusion is expressed constitutively at high levels in both complex and defined media using a wide range of carbon sources, and is not repressible by glucose or inducible by the gratuitous ... | 1996 | 9008890 |
| hrpxv, an arac-type regulator, activates expression of five of the six loci in the hrp cluster of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. | hrp genes, basic pathogenicity genes of the pepper and tomato pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, are regulated dependent on environmental conditions. we isolated the hrpxv gene, which was found to be outside the large hrp cluster comprising the six loci hrpa to hrpf. the predicted hrpxv protein is 476 amino acids long and has a molecular mass of 52.5 kda. hrpx is highly conserved among xanthomonads and is a member of the arac family of regulatory proteins. an hrpxv insertion mutant ... | 1996 | 8655542 |
| relationship between symptom development and actual sites of infection in leaves of anthurium inoculated with a bioluminescent strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. | the infection process of bacterial blight of anthurium was monitored with a bioluminescent strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae. the relationship between symptom expression on infected leaves (assessed visually) and the extent of bacterial movement within tissues (evaluated by bioluminescence emission) varied among anthurium cultivars. in several cultivars previously considered susceptible on the basis of symptom development alone, bacterial invasion of leaves extended far beyond ... | 1996 | 16535253 |