Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo: an abortifacient in new zealand? a review of the literature. | from experimental and clinical evidence, leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo has been suspected as an abortifacient in cattle overseas. early reports from north america and australia described clinical disease with abortions occurring up to 12 weeks later associated with hardjo infections. recent studies in the united kingdom have found hardjo infections in nearly 69 percent of aborted foetuses from problem farms, and a prospective epidemiological study determined a relationship between hardjo ... | 1983 | 16030976 |
| effects of intrauterine challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on fertility in cattle. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of leptospira interrogans serovar hardio on fertility in cattle. twenty seronegative mature dairy cows were assigned to two groups. group i (challenged cows) was bred by a seronegative bull followed by intrauterine infusion (within 30 minutes) of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. group ii was bred by the same bull followed by intrauterine infusion of 5 ml of sterile culture medium. blood samples were collected at two-day intervals to mo ... | 1983 | 16725871 |
| pathologic features of leptospirosis in hamsters caused by leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak. | 1983 | 6824231 | |
| in vitro effect of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae on human mononuclear leukocytes procoagulant activity: comparison of virulent with nonvirulent strain. | the in vitro effect of a virulent and a nonvirulent strain of leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae on human peripheral mononuclear cells was investigated. after addition of bacteria to citrated whole blood the production of mononuclear cell procoagulant activity (tissue factor) was observed. indeed mononuclear cells isolated from whole blood bacteria mixtures after prolonged incubation shortened the recalcification time of normal plasma. the virulent strain induced a significantly ... | 1983 | 6831307 |
| experimental infection in sheep with leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6839124 | |
| aminopeptidase activity of leptospira strains. | a total of 15 cultures of leptospira were examined for aminopeptidase activity using 22 aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamde substrates. activity was demonstrated in each of the cultures. extracts from serovars of leptospira interrogans preferentially hydrolysed the same range of substrates. the level of hydrolysis of the preferred substrates for the seven strains of l. interrogans was distinctively higher than that demonstrated for the six leptospira biflexa strains. extracts from cultures of leptospira ... | 1983 | 6842179 |
| isolation of a hamster lethal strain of leptospira interrogans serotype hardjo. | 1983 | 6868308 | |
| serological study of the distribution of leptospira interrogans (serotype jules) and five other leptospires in jamaica. | 1983 | 6868569 | |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), which used the phenol phase of a hot phenol-water extraction as antigen, and the microscopic agglutination test were compared for the detection of antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona in cattle. among serum samples from vaccinated cattle, the elisa (using antiglobulin) was positive to 64% with hardjo antigen and to 78% with pomona antigen, whereas the microscopic agglutination test was positive to only 18% with hardjo and 2 ... | 1983 | 6869998 |
| analysis of leptospira antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. | serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and arboreae of pathogenic leptospira interrogans and serovar patoc of saprophytic l. biflexa were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a close antigenic relationship was found between the interrogans serovars, particularly between icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. to a much lesser extent cross-reactions were found between interrogans serovars and patoc. comparison of three different antigenic preparations of icterohaemorrhagiae by tandem crossed imm ... | 1983 | 6879113 |
| growth, cultural characteristics, and antibacterial sensitivity of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | nutrient requirements of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo were investigated using a 1% bovine serum albumin (bsa) medium, supplemented separately with polysorbates (tweens) 80, 60, 40, 20, nh4cl, and vitamins thiamine and cyanocobalamin (vitamin b12). l. hardjo was tested in vitro against 30 antibacterial compounds incorporated into semisolid medium (0.2% agar) at 3 compound concentrations. growth was superior in polysorbate 80 (oleic acid rich) and polysorbate 40 (palmitic rich) media. a l ... | 1983 | 6884034 |
| serologic survey of california wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents. | blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (sus scrofa) in 4 areas of california. sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. antibodies against brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. antibodies against coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 13 ... | 1983 | 6315659 |
| species- and genus-specific antigens in leptospira, revealed by monoclonal antibodies and enzyme immunoassay. | mouse antisera to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or l. biflexa serovar patoc agglutinated homologous leptospires but not leptospires of serovars from any heterologous serogroup tested. when tested by enzyme immunoassay (eia), pomona and patoc antisera reacted with all serovars tested from l. interrogans, l. biflexa or l. illini species. a non-agglutinating hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody reacted by eia only with serovars of the pathogenic l. interrogans species but not with l. bifle ... | 1983 | 6359778 |
| identification of a reservoir of leptospira interrogans serovar muenchen in voles (microtus agrestis and clethrionomys glareolus) in england. | infection with leptospires of the australis serogroup is widespread in voles in southern england and the serovar identification of five randomly-selected isolates was determined by cross agglutination absorption. two isolates from short-tailed voles (microtus agrestis) and three isolates from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) were all identified as serovar muenchen. the only previous isolation of this serovar is that from a human in germany. | 1983 | 6372316 |
| about the presence of a thermolabile (tl) antigenic fraction in leptospira interrogans. | antisera prepared with living serovars of leptospira interrogans have a fraction anti-tl able to neutralize tl antigen of leptospira strains. after neutralization, any leptospiral serovar is able to adsorb heterologous antisera prepared with living strains. | 1983 | 6200266 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cows of hokkaido, japan--serological evidence. | 1983 | 6200638 | |
| a pomona serogroup-specific, agglutinating antigen in leptospira, identified by monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were produced by hybridoma cell lines derived by fusion of mouse ns-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from mice immunized with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. one hybridoma (a3) produced an igg2a antibody which agglutinated all leptospires of the pomona serogroup but not leptospires representative of serovars of any other serogroup. the antibody precipitated in immunodiffusions with either alkali- or phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide and also with the tm antigen of ... | 1983 | 6417619 |
| survey of rats (rattus norvegicus) in kuwait for the presence of leptospira. | a survey of brown rats (rattus norvegicus) was made in kuwait in 1979 for the presence of leptospira organisms. kidney tissue from 49 rats, trapped mostly from various kuwait city districts, were cultured on e.m.j.h. and stuart media. eight leptospira strains were isolated; all strains were identical and belonged to leptospira interrogans canicola serogroup; they were later identified as a new serovar kuwait. the frequency of l. interrogans group canicola carriers among the local rats in kuwait ... | 1983 | 6612771 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in pigs: a new host-parasite relationship in the united kingdom. | the first isolations of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from pigs are recorded. evidence that hardjo may be a sporadic cause of porcine reproductive disease is presented. | 1983 | 6623873 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from a viable premature calf. | a severe outbreak of agalactia in a dairy herd of 80 cows was followed by six premature calvings and an abortion. serological and bacteriological studies identified leptospira hardjo as the probable cause. a leptospire isolated from the kidney of a premature calf killed seven weeks post partum was identified as hardjo and it is probable that this infection was acquired in utero. the maintenance of such an infection for a considerable period after birth has not been previously described and may p ... | 1983 | 6623882 |
| serologic survey for leptospirosis in arizona beef cattle in 1981. | sera from 1,215 beef cattle in arizona were evaluated by leptospiral microscopic agglutination test in 1981. over 25% had agglutinins to greater than or equal to 1 of 5 serovars of leptospira interrogans used as antigens (canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona) at a titer of greater than or equal to 1:100, and 8.2% had titers of greater than or equal to 1:400 to greater than or equal to 1 serovars. the most common serovar to which reactions were detected was hardjo; agg ... | 1983 | 6625331 |
| the first isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona from cattle in botswana. | serological evidence for the occurrence of l. pomona associated with abortions in cattle was supported by the successful isolation of the organism from the urine of a cow. leptospirosis should be considered as a possible cause of abortion even in relatively dry regions. | 1983 | 6631909 |
| leptospirosis in rodents from an arid environment. | rodents (n = 358) were trapped from 6 locations in arizona, including 2 dairies, 2 swine raising operations, and 2 areas where domestic animal access was limited. isolates of leptospira interrogans serovar ballum were obtained from 3 house mice (mus musculus) trapped in dairies. leptospira were seen in silver-stained kidney sections of 10.4% of the rodents. the usefulness of serologic data in detecting leptospiral infection in these rodents was uncertain because so few animals yielded isolates t ... | 1983 | 6638656 |
| bovine abortion associated with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection. | during 1981, 265 bovine abortions were investigated by serological and histological methods for evidence of leptospiral infection. leptospires were demonstrated in the tissues of 10 foetuses by a levaditi silver impregnation technique. serological testing of maternal sera indicated that leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was associated with 5 of the abortions while the remaining 5 were due to l. interrogans serovar pomona infection. in cases of abortion associated with l. interrogans serovar ... | 1983 | 6639516 |
| morphological changes upon subculturing of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the morphology of freshly isolated strains of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was studied by electron microscopy and was compared to that of established laboratory strains of the same serovar and to some other serovars within the hebdomadis serogroup. changes in the morphology of freshly isolated strains of serovar hardjo were observed when the isolates were subcultured in the laboratory. cells of strains subcultured more than 20 times were longer and had longer wavelengths, and electron l ... | 1983 | 6649981 |
| activation of complement by leptospires and its bactericidal activity. | bactericidal activity of complement was found to be effective on saprophytic leptospira biflexa strains and not on leptospira interrogans strains, by means of viable counting; the killing effect on saprophytic strains was probably due to a direct activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway. on the contrary the pathogenic strains seemed to activate the complement at a lower extent and were, in any case, resistant to the lytic action of the activated complement. | 1983 | 6675348 |
| growth of 10 leptospira interrogans serovars using polyvinylpyrrolidone(pvp)-treated tween in protein-free medium. | polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp)-treated tween was used to prepare a protein-free medium for cultivation of leptospires. 6 out of 25 media were selected for culturing 10 serovars of leptospires. the best results were achieved in a medium containing tween treated with pvp 25000. in several subcultures 8 out of 10 serovars reached a concentration of 10(8) leptospires/ml or more, when cultured in tubes without aeration.l only in the case of 2 serovars (leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ta ... | 1983 | 6675354 |
| leptospirosis in israel: a report of 14 cases caused by icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup (1968-82). | fourteen cases of leptospirosis due to the leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae (weil's disease) were serologically confirmed in the last 15 years. in two cases, icterohaemorrhagiae was also isolated from the patients' blood. both positive cultures were obtained in korthof's medium by indirect passage through brain-heart infusion medium. one of the isolates was identified as serovar budapest, which has never been reported in israel. in most of the cases, paradoxical cross-reactio ... | 1984 | 6706536 |
| interaction of leptospires with human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. | the role of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) in defense against leptospires has not been adequately studied, in part, because of difficulty in quantitating pathogenic leptospires. by using pour plates to quantitate nonpathogenic leptospires and the most-probable-number procedure to quantitate the pathogenic leptospires, we examined the interactions of nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa and pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar icterohemorrhagiae with human neutrophils. phase-contrast, s ... | 1984 | 6715045 |
| some population parameters of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in sheep. | 1984 | 6730262 | |
| the long term efficacy of a hardjo-pomona vaccine in preventing leptospiruria in cattle exposed to natural challenge with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the long term efficacy of a commercially prepared bivalent vaccine against leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo and l. interrogans serovar pomona was evaluated in a group of 82 dairy heifers exposed to natural challenge with l. interrogans serovar hardjo for up to 55 weeks after calfhood vaccination. nineteen heifers were vaccinated twice with a one-month interval, at calfhood (9 to 10 months). a further 18 heifers received a similar calfhood vaccination regimen plus a third injection at adulth ... | 1984 | 6732669 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of weil's disease. | monoclonal antibodies against etiological agents of weil's disease were produced by cell fusion technology. twenty hybridomas were produced through the fusion of p3x63ag8 .653 cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized against leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae rga strain and serovar copenhageni shiromizu and m20 strains. reactivities of the antibodies produced by the hybridomas were determined by the microscopic agglutination test. among the five hybridoma antibodies to ... | 1984 | 6738384 |
| the immunoglobulin response of swine following experimental infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | the antibody response of pigs following experimental infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was examined using enzyme immunoassay (eia) and the microscopic agglutination test (mat). leptospires elicited the production of both igm and igg classes of antibody, with igg levels persisting for much longer than igm. a comparison of mat and eia indicated that the detection of specific igm by eia was potentially useful in distinguishing between past and recent infection in pigs. agglutinin ... | 1984 | 6741345 |
| serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec. | blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus. | 1984 | 6429355 |
| six new leptospiral serovars isolated from wild animals in peru. | six new serovars of leptospira interrogans were isolated from opossums (didelphis marsupialis and philander opossum) trapped in the peruvian jungle. the proposed names, type strain designation, and serogroup of the serovars, respectively, were: huallaga, strain m-7, djasiman serogroup; luis, strain m-6, tarassovi serogroup; machiguenga, strain mmd-3, icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup; rioja, strain mr-12, bataviae serogroup; rupa rupa, strain m-3, sejroe serogroup; and tingomaria, strain m-13, cynop ... | 1984 | 6470106 |
| bim, a new serovar of leptospira interrogans isolated from a dog in barbados. | a new serovar of leptospira interrogans was isolated from a dog in barbados. the proposed name of the new serovar is bim, and the designated type strain is 1051. the serogroup of the new serovar is the autumnalis serogroup. the new serovar was subsequently isolated from six patients with leptospirosis in barbados. | 1984 | 6470107 |
| isolation of an antigenic oligosaccharide fraction from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola with a monoclonal antibody. | an oligosaccharide fraction containing the antigenic determinant of lipopolysaccharide antigen (tm antigen) from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, recognized by a monoclonal antibody (ct3) which agglutinates serovars canicola and broomi, was isolated by formic acid and successive sulphuric acid hydrolyses. separation of the antigenic compounds was done by bio-gel p-2 and sephadex g-25 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography with two different columns. the fraction final ... | 1984 | 6481337 |
| serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola in dogs was developed and evaluated. comparison of the elisa with the microscopic agglutination test (mat) showed that, during the first two weeks after an experimental infection with serotype canicola, the elisa detected antibody at higher dilutions than the mat. after the second week post-infection both tests detected antibody at almost equal titres (r = 0.89). the outer envelope (oe) ... | 1984 | 6485246 |
| determination of specific anti-leptospiral immunoglobulins m and g in sera of experimentally infected dogs by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect specific anti-leptospiral igm and igg in sera of dogs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serotype canicola are reported. in all dogs specific anti-leptospiral igm was detected from the second half of the first week after infection, the maximum being attained during the second week. subsequently the igm titre gradually decreased. specific anti-leptospiral igg was detected later and increased ... | 1984 | 6485247 |
| role of specific antibody in interaction of leptospires with human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. | it has previously been shown that human neutrophils ingest and kill nonpathogenic leptospira biflexa in the absence of serum but that pathogenic leptospira interrogans is not ingested by neutrophils even in the presence of normal serum. we extended this study by examining the interactions of human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with pathogenic l. interrogans (serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) and evaluating the opsonizing effect of serotype-specific immune serum on the phagocytosis of pat ... | 1984 | 6500713 |
| humoral immune response of dogs after vaccination against leptospirosis measured by an igm- and igg-specific elisa. | an igm- and igg-specific elisa was used to measure the antibody response stimulated in dogs by vaccination with a leptospiral bacterin containing chemically inactivated leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and serotype canicola leptospires. all dogs produced anti-leptospiral igm and igg. the igm production was of the primary response type after each vaccination (primary vaccination, booster vaccination and annual revaccination). a substantial anti-leptospiral igg response could be ... | 1984 | 6506449 |
| leptospiral abortions of sows: new data. | in an immunization experiment, 460 sows at 7-60 days of gestation were inoculated with a rodent-adapted live strain of leptospira interrogans serovar tarassovi at a large swine farm previously affected by this serovar. the inoculum consisted of a haemoculture prepared from the 52nd guinea-pig passage and the dose was 2 x 10(7) leptospires per sow. over the period from the 48th to the 73rd day after inoculation 54 out of 283 sows having been inoculated at 32-60 days of gestation, aborted or deliv ... | 1984 | 6506928 |
| phagocytosis of virulent and avirulent leptospires by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. | chemiluminescence (cl) and electron microscopy were used to study the phagocytosis of both virulent and avirulent strains of leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni by guinea-pig and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn). a significant cl response was observed when guinea-pig pmn were incubated with virulent leptospires in the presence but not in the absence of specific immune serum. this response was markedly enhanced by the addition of guinea-pig complement. phagocytosis was confirmed by ... | 1984 | 6514391 |
| leptospiral attachment to cultured cells. | each virulent strain of copenhageni, canicola and pomona of leptospira interrogans attached effectively to mdck cells and primary dog kidney cells, while the avirulent or less virulent line of the same strain and avirulent strains belonging to the same serovars and the avirulent reference strains of other serovars did not. inhibition of the attachment of the virulent copenhageni to mdck cells was found in the presence of the homologous immunoglobulin g fab fragment. strains of l. biflexa attache ... | 1984 | 6532022 |
| epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the netherlands. | the epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the netherlands from 1969 through 1982. leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. however, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. the incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. infections with ser ... | 1984 | 6532025 |
| [weil's syndrome due to leptospira interrogans of the ballum serotype]. | 1984 | 6533720 | |
| [studies on endotoxin of leptospira: i. extraction of lipopolysaccharides from leptospira interrogans serovar lai and analysis of their chemical and biological properties]. | 1984 | 6241080 | |
| serological interrelationship of leptospira serovar and genus-specific antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the serological interrelationship of a sonicated antigen (pom-s) and an alkali-extracted "fraction 4" antigen (pom-f4) from leptospira interrogans serovar pomona, and an ethanol-precipitated (pat-e) and a formolized, sonicated antigen (pat-f) from leptospira biflexa serovar patoc were investigated. the serological responses of rabbits immunized with these antigens were examined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the microscopic agglutination test, and the 2-mercaptoethanol microsc ... | 1984 | 6084016 |
| restriction endonuclease dna analysis of leptospira interrogans serovars icterohaemorrhagiae and hebdomadis. | antigenic variants of leptospira interrogans serovars copenhageni and hebdomadis were examined by bacterial restriction endonuclease dna analysis with ecori, xhoi, sali, bsteii, and hindiii as the digesting enzymes. the antigenic variants were stable cloned strains which had been cultivated in media containing homologous immune serum. one of the strains examined has been reported elsewhere (r. yanagawa and j. takashima, infect. immun. 10:1439-1442) as having an antigenic makeup which more closel ... | 1984 | 6092434 |
| adhesion of leptospires to mouse fibroblasts (l929) and its enhancement by specific antibody. | the adhesion of leptospires (leptospira interrogans serovar. copenhageni l45) to mouse l-cells was studied by microscopic observations. within 3 h of infection of monolayers many leptospires adhered to 95-100% of the cells, and intracellular leptospires were demonstrated by electron microscopy. no specific site of attachment on the cells or the leptospires was observed. avirulent or dead leptospires adhered poorly but attachment of the saprophytic leptospire l. biflexa serovar. patoc occurred on ... | 1984 | 6379182 |
| leptospira interrogans infection in domestic and wild animals in fiji. | clinical and serological evidence has indicated that human leptospirosis in fiji is an important disease, and the prevalence of antibody is exceptionally high. a serological survey of the rural population showed that only 12% of the people studied did not have complement fixing (cf) leptospiral antibody. as the origin of this infection could not be explained by the known distribution of leptospiral infection in domestic and wild animals, a serological survey using the complement fixation test (c ... | 1984 | 16031033 |
| leptospirosis associated with serovars hardjo and pomona in red deer calves (cervus elaphus). | four red deer calves (cervus elaphus) died with severe nephritis apparently associated with infection by leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. the sera of 12 in-contact red deer calves were examined for leptospiral agglutinins and nine showed titres to pomona consistent with recent infection. two also showed titres of 1:100 to serovar hardjo. the urine of five of these in-contact calves was examined periodically over a period of nine months. all were initially leptospiruric, four being infected ... | 1984 | 16031052 |
| serological responses of farmed red deer to a vaccine against leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona. | six adult, female, red deer were vaccinated with a hardjo-pomona vaccine followed by a second vaccination four weeks later and thereafter, at yearly intervals for two years. serological responses were determined at intervals using a standard microscopic agglutination test. increased responses to hardjo were observed in two deer which were seropositive to this serovar before vaccination compared to those which were initially seronegative. some initially seronegative deer developed titres to hardj ... | 1984 | 16031070 |
| a serological study of bovine leptospirosis in the district of taranaki. | a cross-sectional serological survey of dairy cattle in taranaki in 1979-80 indicated that 62% (551/891) of the animals had evidence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection as disclosed by the microscopic agglutination test. titres to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona were demonstrated in only 4% (23/591) of the animals examined. the high prevalence of hardjo infection is suggestive of an endemic infection whilst the low level to pomona is indicative of sporadic infection. in a de ... | 1984 | 16031079 |
| leptospirosis in sheep in western canada. | a survey of 930 ovine sera and kidneys from 33 sheep was conducted to assess the rate of leptospiral infection in sheep slaughtered in alberta. sera were tested for the presence of agglutinins to indigenous serovars of leptospira interrogans. kidneys with gross lesions were examined for the presence of leptospires by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (fat) and by culture. antibodies to serovars pomona and hardjo were present at rates of 1.0% and 0.4%, respectively, in sheep from sas ... | 1985 | 17422531 |
| diagnosis of leptospira serovar hardjo infection in cattle in canada. | the investigations described were designed to identify the cause of serological reactions to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and sejroe in canadian cattle, and to confirm by culture a diagnosis of leptospirosis in cases of reproductive failure and atypical mastitis.leptospires were detected in ten of 64 urine cultures, nine of 18 kidney cultures, and one of nine cerebrospinal fluid cultures. twelve strains were purified. all were placed in the serogroup which contains serovars hardjo and ... | 1985 | 17422570 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in cattle in the south okanagan district of british columbia. | an outbreak of leptospirosis due to leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in the south okanagan district of british columbia was investigated. the infection was associated primarily with bulls, but serovar hardjo was isolated from both bulls and cows at slaughter. kidney and cerebrospinal fluid were found to contain leptospires, independently of the presence and level of serum agglutinins. treatment of a bull twice in six months with dihydrostreptomycin failed to diminish an agglutinin titer (1/ ... | 1985 | 17422584 |
| the risk of leptospirosis in united kingdom fish farm workers. results from a 1981 serological survey. | less than one per cent of serum samples taken from 257 fish farmers in 1981 had agglutinating antibodies to strains of leptospira interrogans of serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae at a titre of 30 or greater. compared with the results from other serological surveys, this agglutinating antibody prevalence suggests that fish farming does not have a high occupational risk for leptospirosis. between 1961 and 1981 the incidence in fish farmers was about 33 per 100000 person years at risk. during the same ... | 1985 | 3973382 |
| identification and characterization of the protein antigens of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | we radiolabeled leptospira proteins with [35s]methionine. solubilized extracts of radiolabeled l. interrogans serovar hardjo strain hardjoprajitno were analyzed by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. we compared the protein profile obtained in this manner to the protein profiles of various [35s]methionine-labeled leptospira spp. the profiles of the pathogenic l. interrogans strains were very similar but not identical and exhibited no obviou ... | 1985 | 3988343 |
| experimental infection of calves with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo: conjunctival versus intravenous route of exposure. | eight-month-old calves, housed under maximum isolation, were exposed to pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo by the conjunctival route or iv. one calf served as an unexposed control. infection was monitored serologically (microscopic agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; elisa) and by leptospiral culture isolation from periodic urine samples and from the kidneys, epididymides, and aqueous humor collected at slaughter. microscopic agglutination test titers of great ... | 1985 | 3994099 |
| borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut. | blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ... | 1985 | 3997647 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo associated with bovine abortion in south africa. | leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was isolated from urine from dairy cattle in the onderstepoort area. this was the first successful isolation of this serovar as sole agent causing an abortion storm in the republic of south africa. abortions occurred as early as at 4 months' gestation. | 1985 | 4011157 |
| addition of rabbit serum to emjh medium improves isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | the addition of 2% pooled rabbit serum to semi-solid commercial emjh medium with emjh enrichment and 0,5 mg of 5-fluorouracil per ml was found to enhance the growth rate and success of isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from bovine urine. cultures made on media without serum had to be kept for more than 130 days before being discarded as negative. | 1985 | 4011158 |
| bovine leptospirosis: some clinical features of serovar hardjo infection. | during an investigation of natural in utero infection of cattle by leptospira interrogans strains, infection (almost entirely caused by serovar hardjo) was diagnosed in 57 per cent of 505 calves (472 aborted fetuses, 20 stillborn calves and 13 perinatal deaths) examined over a six-year period. the prevalence of leptospire-infected fetuses showed a seasonal increase in september, october and december and was significantly higher in fetuses aborted by dairy cows than in fetuses aborted by beef cow ... | 1985 | 4049693 |
| the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the igm and igg antibody response to leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona and tarassovi in cattle. | leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo and tarassovi were each used to inoculate 6 cattle. three-hundred and ninety-nine sera collected from the inoculated animals and from a control group over a 3-month period were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (mat) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). leptospiruria was monitored by microscopic examination and culture. the elisa detected specific igm antibody against the serovars in all infected cattle 1 week after inocu ... | 1985 | 4049731 |
| prevention of renal carriage of leptospirosis in dogs by vaccination. | dogs vaccinated with a leptospira interrogans vaccine containing serogroups canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae and prepared from cultures grown in a protein-free medium resisted challenge with heterologous representatives of these serogroups. in contrast, control dogs were pyrexic and leptospires were isolated from the blood for nine days following canicola challenge and six days after icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. leptospires were isolated from the urine of controls throughout the post challenge ... | 1985 | 4060538 |
| the significance of leptospiral titres associated with bovine abortion. | to investigate relationships between serological titres to 2 serovars, pomona (l. pomona) and hardjo (l. hardjo), of leptospira interrogans and abortions, log linear and logit models were fitted to herd and individual cow data from cattle serologically negative for brucellosis. serological titres to both serovars were significantly related to abortions in individual cows, with l. pomona having a stronger relationship than l. hardjo. l. hardjo was not significant when herd data were analysed. dif ... | 1985 | 4062737 |
| the coypu as a rodent reservoir of leptospira infection in great britain. | the coypu (myocastor coypus molina) is an aquatic rodent that has become a widespread pest in the south-east of england. since the natural habitat of this animal is aquatic, the possibility of infection with leptospires was investigated. twenty-nine coypu were trapped and examined by serological, histological and cultural methods. of these, there was serological evidence of infection in seven coypus and leptospira interrogans var. wolffii was isolated from a further animal. this appears to be th ... | 1985 | 4067296 |
| laboratory and clinical features of experimental feline leptospirosis. | in order to assess the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of feline leptospirosis, ten female and male adult cats were experimentally inoculated with pathogenic and autochthonous field isolate of leptospira interrogans. five of them were inoculated subcutaneously with serovar icterohaemorrhagiae (r-192) and the others five with serovar canicola. no clinical and laboratorial alterations were found in these animals. antileptospiral agglutinins were detected in 90% of the infected c ... | 1985 | 4077410 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining specific immunoglobulin m in infections caused by leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | an automated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detecting specific immunoglobulin m in infections with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was evaluated on 69 patients. the test was sensitive and simple to perform, requiring a single dilution of test serum, with data expressed as units of antibody activity interpolated from a reference serum pool. | 1985 | 4077964 |
| excretion of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo following calving or abortion. | leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was demonstrated in the vaginal discharges of 12 experimentally infected heifers for up to eight days after abortion or calving. organisms were recovered from the oviducts of heifers examined at slaughter eight to 22 days after calving or 32 to 91 days after infection. they were also recovered from the uteri of four heifers eight to 22 days after calving. | 1985 | 4081333 |
| experimental demonstration of an antigenic relationship between leptospira and equine cornea. | horses inoculated with either equine cornea or killed leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, tarassovi, icterohaemorrhagiae, wolffi and hardjo, developed corneal opacity and produced antibodies which made it possible to demonstrate partial antigenic identity between equine cornea and four of those serovars employed. these antibodies were isolated by means of immunoadsorptions, purified by ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sephadex a-50) and run by immuno-electrophoresis in agar gel. both antibo ... | 1985 | 4082476 |
| experimental infection of lactating goats with leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo. | pathogenesis of leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and hardjo was evaluated in 14 lactating goats. although mild clinical signs of leptospiral infection characterized by pyrexia and reduction in milk yield appeared in some animals, a consistent clinical pattern was not observed in the inoculated animals. the pomona serovar was isolated from the kidney of 1 of the 4 goats inoculated with serovar pomona. the hardjo serovar (strain ui 750) was isolated in the rabbit serum-supplemented bovine al ... | 1985 | 4083585 |
| experimental infection of pregnant and lactating goats with leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo and szwajizak. | pathogenesis of 2 leptospira serovars, hardjo and szwajizak, was studied in pregnant and lactating goats. although clinical signs of leptospiral infection were minimal, cultural isolations were made from the mammary gland of 2 goats and the kidney of 1 goat inoculated with serovar hardjo (c846). the isolations were made only on solid bovine albumin polysorbate-80 medium supplemented either with rabbit serum or sodium pyruvate. cultural isolations of serovar szwajizak were made from kidney, liver ... | 1985 | 4083586 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo infection in a sheep. | 1985 | 4084152 | |
| genotypes of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in cattle in the uk. | 1985 | 4095887 | |
| differentiation of reference strains of leptospires of the pomona serogroup by cross-agglutination absorption and restriction endonuclease analysis. | the serological classification of all reference strains that have been described as representing separate serovars of leptospira interrogans within the pomona serogroup was investigated using cross-agglutination absorption and bacterial restriction endonuclease analysis (brenda). comparative cross-agglutination absorption studies indicated that cornelli cb, monjakov monjakov and kennewicki lt1026 were homologous with pomona pomona, and dania k1 and tsaratsova b81/7 were homologous with mozdok 56 ... | 1985 | 2999927 |
| identification by cross-agglutination absorption and restriction endonuclease analysis of leptospires of the pomona serogroup isolated in the united kingdom. | five strains of leptospira interrogans isolated in the united kingdom and belonging to the pomona serogroup were subjected to cross-agglutination absorption and bacterial restriction endonuclease dna analysis (brenda) for their identification. british isolates were compared with reference strains representing the known serovars in the pomona serogroup and also with isolates of the pomona serogroup obtained from other countries. three strains isolated from wildlife in england produced equivocal r ... | 1985 | 2999928 |
| [three new serovars in leptospira interrogans]. | 1985 | 3837543 | |
| studies on equine recurrent uveitis. ii: the role of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the serum and aqueous humor of horses. serum antibody was also assayed by microscopic agglutination tests. although higher levels of antibody were found in sera from horses with signs of uveitis, the association was not statistically significant. antibodies to pomona were detected in the aqueous of 12 eyes from the 101 horses sampled at a sl ... | 1985 | 3877614 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum. | thirteen hybrid cell lines which produce mouse monoclonal antibodies to treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, have been established. all of the monoclonal antibodies react with t. pallidum, nichols strain, in elisa and in immunofluorescence assays, but do not react with normal rabbit testicular tissue in the elisa. two of these antibodies were demonstrated to react with the nonpathogenic treponemes t. phagedenis, biotype reiter, t. refringens (noguchi strain), t. vincentii, and t. ... | 1985 | 3880576 |
| effects of products of autolysis of tissue and urine on the viability, morphology, and antigenicity of leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | the effect of the products of autolysis on leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was investigated in bovine kidney tissues and urine inoculated with this organism. no viable leptospires were found at 24 h or subsequently after inoculation of kidney tissues or urine. leptospires and their soluble antigens were rapidly destroyed in tissues stored at 20 degrees c and could not be detected by the fluorescent-antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. on the other hand, leptospires were ... | 1985 | 3882747 |
| rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test. | the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ... | 1985 | 3885773 |
| enzymatic radioimmunoassay for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in the urine of experimentally-infected pigs. | an enzymatic radioimmunoassay (eria) has been developed for detecting leptospira interrogans serovar pomona in porcine urine. four grower pigs were experimentally infected with serovar pomona. a total of 39 urine samples was collected, and eria was compared with dark ground microscopy (dgm) and culture for demonstrating leptospiruria. of 20 samples positive by at least one technique, leptospires were detected by eria in 14, by culture in 16 and by dgm in 13. eria, unlike the other 2 methods, was ... | 1985 | 3890354 |
| monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of infection with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo by immunofluorescence. | 1985 | 3892877 | |
| monoclonal antibodies to leptospira interrogans serovar pomona. | three monoclonal antibodies produced against leptospira interrogans serovar pomona have been studied for their diagnostic usefulness. all three monoclonals reacted strongly in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test with serovar pomona and did not react with serovars grippotyphosa, canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae and hardjo. | 1985 | 3893661 |
| isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion. | a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ... | 1985 | 3898367 |
| the classification of sejroe group serovars of leptospira interrogans with monoclonal antibodies. | using the hybridoma technique we produced monoclonal antibodies to serovars of leptospira interrogans. we focussed on serovar hardjo which is an important pathogen for humans and animals, and on other serovars of the sejroe group. with combinations of monoclonals, characteristic patterns of agglutination were observed according to the specific pattern of antigenic determinants of that serovar. a set of 13 monoclonal antibodies was composed which allowed the classification of almost all serovars ... | 1985 | 3901617 |
| antibody response to genus- and serovar-specific leptospiral antigens in leptospira-infected cows. | in cows inoculated with leptospira interrogans serovar pomona or hardjo, the 2-mercaptoethanol-sensitive microscopic agglutination test (mat) antibody to the serovar appeared 3 to 8 days after inoculation and peaked at 10 to 20 days, whereas the 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant mat antibody was predominant at 35 to 80 days. a persistent antibody response, probably associated with serovar-specific leptospiral antigens, was detected in the cows inoculated with serovar pomona, using a sonicated or an al ... | 1985 | 2411175 |
| characterization of a partially purified leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen. | a leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen (gp-ag) was partially purified from leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto and canicola strain hond utrecht iv, by treating the organisms with triton x-100 followed by a purification procedure including fractionation with deae-cellulose column chromatography and ethanol precipitation. genus-specificity of the antigens from kremastos kyoto and canicola was shown by the immunodiffusion (id) test. complement fixation (cf) test and enzyme-l ... | 1985 | 2413655 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies against leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen and localization of the antigen by immunoelectron microscopy. | monoclonal antibodies were first produced against a leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen (gp-ag) isolated from leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto. the representative monoclonal antibody (gp-7) did not agglutinate kremastos kyoto but reacted with triton x-100 treated kreamastos kyoto, andamana, patoc and urawa in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indicating that the monoclonal antibody recognized the genus-specific determinant of gp-ag. the localization of gp-ag ... | 1985 | 2413657 |
| dihydrostreptomycin treatment of bovine carriers of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. | ten non-pregnant heifers, experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, were each given an intramuscular injection of dihydrostreptomycin at a dose rate of 25 mg kg-1. in five of these animals this treatment was repeated after 14 days. treatment failed to remove established genital or renal infection in seven of the 10 heifers, although the number of organisms persisting was apparently reduced in these animals. serovar hardjo infection persisted for at least 83 days in the ... | 1985 | 2417297 |
| experimental leptospirosis (l. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae) of the guinea pig: leptospiral antigen, gamma globulin and complement c3 detection in the kidney. | morphofunctional and immunofluorescent studies were done in guinea pigs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae to determine the role of leptospiral antigen, gamma-globulin, and complement c3 deposits in the pathogenesis of the renal lesions. a sharp increase in leptospiral antigen deposits was observed in the late phase of the experimental infection. immunoglobulin and complement c3 were small compared with the heavy leptospiral antigen deposits. moreover ... | 1986 | 2422052 |
| a monoclonal antibody reacting with a determinant on leptospiral lipopolysaccharide protects guinea pigs against leptospirosis. | an iga monoclonal antibody (mum/f1-1/copenhageni) was produced from a mouse immunised with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. the antibody showed partial serogroup specificity by agglutination and by reaction in enzyme immunoassay, and opsonised homologous leptospires for phagocytosis by cultured mouse macrophages. immunodiffusion and western-blotting experiments indicated that mum/f1-1/copenhageni reacted with a carbohydrate determinant in the leptospiral lipopolysaccharide. daily admi ... | 1986 | 2430103 |
| antibodies to bovine bacterial and viral pathogens in pronghorns in alberta, 1983. | sera from 210 pronghorns (antilocapra americana) ranging in southeastern alberta were tested for antibodies to disease agents present in indigenous cattle. no antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, or grippotyphosa, or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were found. antibodies at prevalences of 43.8% and 49.2% were detected to bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) viruses, respectively. the much higher prevalence of bvd virus ant ... | 1986 | 2845155 |
| [relation between the incidence of antibodies against leptospira interrogans in working dogs and in free-living small mammals]. | three localities were chosen in the borderland of the south bohemian region to investigate the problems and relations (if there are any) between the incidence of antibodies to leptospira interrogans (l. i.) in wild ground small mammals and dogs moving in the same environment. in these regions, service dogs work as border guards every day. blood samples of dogs at these localities were taken at about three-month intervals (from the june 1982 to the october 1984) to investigate the antibodies to l ... | 1986 | 3088801 |
| leptospirosis in red foxes in ontario. | the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in the epizootiology of leptospirosis in southwestern ontario was investigated in 1973-1974. leptospira interrogans serovar pomona (kennewicki by dna analysis) was isolated from the kidneys of three of eight foxes tested. severe hemorrhagic nephritis and interstitial nephritis were common to these foxes and to five others out of nine foxes examined. autumnalis antibodies were detected at titers 10(-2) to 10(-5) in 12 of 100 fox sera. pomona antibodies occu ... | 1986 | 3503132 |
| prevalence of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in the genital and urinary tracts of non-pregnant cattle. | in a bacteriological investigation of 60 cows and heifers from an abattoir leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was isolated from 39 (65 per cent) animals. the genital tract (57 per cent) appeared to be as important a site of hardjo localisation as the urinary tract (62 per cent). this is believed to be the first report of genital hardjo infection in naturally infected cattle. | 1986 | 3511601 |
| use of enzyme immunoassay in a serological survey of leptospirosis in sheep. | a total of 731 serums, all from merino rams from 20 farms, were tested for antibodies against leptospira interrogans serovars hardjo, pomona and tarassovi using the microscopic agglutination test (mat). the enzyme immunoassay (eia) technique was used to test all serums for igm and igg antibodies to serovar hardjo. in the mat, reactions to serovar hardjo were most common with 236 rams (32.3%) reacting at 1/100 or greater. only 1.9% of serums reacted against serovar tarassovi and 1.1% against sero ... | 1986 | 3516131 |
| biological activities of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide extracted with phenol-water from leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain shibaura (l-lps) showed various biological activities. in lethality for mice, l-lps was active (ld 50, 3.4 mg/mouse) but about 12 times less potent than escherichia coli lps (e-lps) per weight basis. l-lps had pyrogenicity for rabbits, and the fever curves showed no evidence of the classical biphasic fever produced by e-lps. in the bone marrow of mice, l-lps caused hemorrhages and necrosis but l ... | 1986 | 3518294 |