Publications

[ebola, a tranquil river in the heart of africa].		1995	7640895
outbreak of ebola hemorrhagic fever--zaire, 1995.		1995	7646952
ebola hemorrhagic fever. a brief description.		1995	7647744
hide-and-seek. ebola--and the funds to study it--eludes researchers.		1995	7652534
vre--a more immediate threat than ebola.		1995	7660100
[experimental ebola fever in macaca mulatta].	aerogenic infection of m. rhesus with ebola virus causes in them a disease similar in the principal clinical and virological parameters a grave form of ebola fever in humans, as it is described in literature. rapid development of symptoms of total intoxication in the presence of fever, hemorrhagic diathesis, and high viremia are indicative of the infection severity in monkeys.	1995	7676671
[preparation of hyperimmune horse serum against ebola virus].	immunization of horses with ebola virus resulted in production of specific virus-neutralizing antibodies with their maximal level attained on days 28 to 42 postimmunization. repeated cycles of immunization lead to increase of antibodies titer to 1:4096.	1995	7676681
ebola again.		1995	7677271
[attempts to develop a vaccine against ebola fever].	data on the immunopathogenesis of ebola fever in laboratory animals are presented and the efficacy of some methods of vaccine prophylaxis discussed. antiviral immunity induced in guinea pigs by injection of inactivated viral agents did not protect them from infection, whereas injections of a nonlethal strain of the virus in ascending doses led to the formation of immunity preventing the development of disease upon inoculation with a lethal strain in high doses. the role of some viral peptides in ...	1995	8686261
[development and study of the properties of immunoglobulin against ebola fever].	immunoglobulin to ebola fever has been for the first time prepared from hyperimmune equine blood sera by alcohol fractionation after cohn. preclinical study of the physicochemical and immunobiological properties of immunoglobulin showed that it protects up to 100% papio hamadryas infected intramuscularly at doses of 110 to 29 ld50 ebola virus. scheme for the use of ebola immunoglobulin has been experimentally validated.	1995	8686265
retrovirus and filovirus "immunosuppressive motif" and the evolution of virus pathogenicity in hiv-1, hiv-2, and ebola viruses.	the "immunosuppressive motif" was found to be present in the glycoproteins of retroviruses and filoviruses. this sequence is also conserved in the pathogenic lentiviruses, hiv-1 and siv, and is absent from hiv-2 gp41 and from an apathogenic simian retrovirus. the present analysis deals with the possible involvement of the "immunosuppresessive motif" in the pathogenicity of retroviruses and filoviruses, and the reasons for the conservation of this motif. the ancestral gene from which the "immunos ...	1995	8828145
differentiation of filoviruses by electron microscopy.	cultured monolayers of ma-104, vero 76, sw-13, and dbs-frhl-2 cells were infected with marburg (mbg), ebola-sudan (ebo-s), ebola-zaire (ebo-z), and ebola-reston (ebo-r) viruses (filoviridae, filovirus) and examined by electron microscopy to provide ultrastructural details of morphology and morphogenesis of these potential human pathogens. replication of each filovirus was seen in all cell systems employed. filoviral particles appeared to enter host cells by endocytosis. filoviruses showed a simi ...	1995	8837880
reemergence of ebola virus in africa.		1995	8903173
ebola virus update.		1995	17590596
[ebola virus epidemic].		1995	9244676
[ebola virus and yellow fever: lessons to learn from the epidemics].		1995	7564992
ebola haemorrhagic fever.		1995	7547206
aids, ebola and other new epidemics: theme of european conference on tropical medicine in hamburg.		1995	7585919
the ebola fever epidemic officially declared over in zaire.		1995	8547920
[experimental study of ebola hemorrhagic fever in baboon models].		1995	8593345
malaria prophylaxis during an ebola outbreak: a difficult choice.		1996	9815453
ebola fever.	ebola fever is a serious, life-threatening disease found in areas of africa, south america and asia. this update examines transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and nursing management.	1996	9137050
ebola hemorrhagic fever: why were children spared?		1996	8852904
outbreak of ebola haemorrhagic fever in gabon.		1996	8839188
viral haemorrhagic fevers: current status, future threats.	in developing countries, the major outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fevers such as marburg, ebola and lassa fever viruses have been nosocomially spread. the high mortality and absence of specific treatment have had a devastating effect. epidemics of this highly contagious disease remain a constant threat to australia and, as a result, carefully planned laboratory and public health strategies and clinical infection control measures have been instituted for the management of suspected cases.	1996	8569577
ground zero: ebola.		1996	9271926
emerging infections--ebola and other filoviruses.		1996	8779200
threat of marburg and ebola viral haemorrhagic fevers in africa.	marburg and ebola viruses are members of the filovirus family that can be regarded as recently emerged. these viruses have caused sporadic outbreaks of fatal haemorrhagic disease in africa, europe and recently in the usa. the case fatality rates rank among the highest ranging from 33-80%. the mode of transmission of these viruses are clearly through close contact with blood and body fluids. disease outbreaks have been amplified in hospital situations with poor blood precautions. in villages dise ...	1996	8625857
the return of infectious disease.	this article presents the history of efforts to control the spread of infectious disease from the post-antibiotic era to 1995. since world war ii, public health strategy has focused on the eradication of microbes using powerful medical weaponry. the goal was to push humanity through a ¿health transition,¿ leaving the age of infectious disease permanently behind. but recent developments have shown that this grandiose optimism was premature. as people move across international borders, unwanted mi ...	1996	12349255
new drugs, new vaccines, new diseases. an interview with dr. anthony fauci, director of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid).	this document presents an interview with dr. anthony fauci on the development of a new generation of vaccines to prevent and possibly eradicate a legion of deadly diseases ranging from tuberculosis to aids. infections that have caused major devastations in the world today include tuberculosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, filariasis, pneumococcal pneumonia, influenza, aids, and ebola. agencies should be making sure that the basic research base in microbiology, immunology, antimicrobials, and vaccin ...	1996	12349252
ebola haemorrhagic fever.		1996	8937257
fears over ebola spread as nurse dies.		1996	8956694
ebola virus disease.	preview for many americans, the movie outbreak was our first introduction to ebola virus. however, we may have dismissed it as mere cinematic sensationalism until the deadly outbreak of ebola virus disease occurred in zaire last may. fortunately, few cases have been seen in the united states, but primary care physicians should nonetheless be aware of the signs and symptoms. in this article, dr sodhi reviews the history of the virus, manifestations of the infection, and appropriate management and ...	1996	29224541
[ebola virus infection].		1996	8975095
research on ebola virus.		1996	8596404
are all diseases infectious?	the complex interactions between microorganisms and human hosts include the well-known, traditional infectious diseases and the symbiotic relation we have with our normal flora. the media have brought to the public's attention many newly described infectious diseases, such as ebola virus hemorrhagic fever, that were not part of common medical parlance a decade ago. while flooding us with interesting and often dramatic reports of so-called emerging infectious diseases, the media have largely igno ...	1996	8928993
ebola virus infection: an overview.	the current outbreak of the ebola virus infection in africa has yet again proven that highly dangerous diseases that are transmitted via the blood-borne route may be endemic in some parts of the world and may emerge as sporadic outbreaks causing worldwide concern. health care professionals are at the forefront of combatting these diseases and treating infected individuals. though dental professionals are unlikely to be directly involved in the management of such acute infections, with very high ...	1996	8935292
in the heart of darkness: sleeping sickness in zaire.	human african trypanosomiasis (hat) control programs existed during the colonial era in the belgian congo. hat cases peaked in 1930 at 33,562. they declined gradually to about 1000 cases in 1959. the civil war that erupted after zaire's independence in 1960 crippled the public health system. during 1960-1967, no active case finding was conducted and notification of hat cases fell greatly. mismanagement and corruption maintained a severe social and economic crisis after the civil war. at th ...	1996	8937285
a novel hypothesis to explain the hemorrhagic and connective tissue manifestations of ebola virus infection.	the hemorrhagic and connective tissue complications of infection with ebola virus are poorly understood. while searching for homologies and motifs of the aortic aneurysm-associated autoantigenic protein 40 kda (aaap-40), we have noted some short sequences (possibly shared epitopes) that occur in the envelope glycoprotein (40 kda) of the ebola virus. as a first step toward determining whether molecular mimicry of human matrix proteins by the ebola virus protein might explain some of the severe co ...	1996	8938109
perspectives in fatal epidemics.	this article discusses four epidemics of fatal infectious diseases: a 1993 cluster of deaths among previously healthy persons in the southwestern united states that led to the identification of a new clinical syndrome, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; the first epidemic of ebola hemorrhagic fever identified in nearly two decades occurring in 1995 in zaire, which resulted in 317 cases with a mortality rate of 77%; an outbreak of legionnaires' disease among cruise ship passengers in 1994; and a 1989 ...	1996	8958175
the thucydides syndrome: ebola déjà vu? (or ebola reemergent?)		1996	8964060
[development of the immunoenzyme test-system for detection of ebola virus antigen].	an enzyme immunoassay system has been developed for the detection of ebola virus antigen. it permits a highly accurate and sensitive rapid detection of the antigen. optimal dilutions of specific immunoglobulin (1:500, corresponding to protein concentration of 50 micrograms/ml) and conjugate were found. the resolving capacity of the new test system is 1.9 x 10(-7) g protein.	1996	8967072
occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. part ii.	health care workers are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections that cause substantial illness and occasional deaths. despite this, few studies have examined the incidence, prevalence, or exposure-associated rates of infection or have considered infection-specific interventions recommended to maintain worker safety.	1996	8967673
experimental inoculation of plants and animals with ebola virus.	thirty-three varieties of 24 species of plants and 19 species of vertebrates and invertebrates were experimentally inoculated with ebola zaire virus. fruit and insectivorous bats supported replication and circulation of high titers of virus without necessarily becoming ill; deaths occurred only among bats that had not adapted to the diet fed in the laboratory.	1996	8969248
negative-strand rna viruses: genetic engineering and applications.	the negative-strand rna viruses are a broad group of animal viruses that comprise several important human pathogens, including influenza, measles, mumps, rabies, respiratory syncytial, ebola, and hantaviruses. the development of new strategies to genetically manipulate the genomes of negative-strand rna viruses has provided us with new tools to study the structure-function relationships of the viral components and their contributions to the pathogenicity of these viruses. it is also now possible ...	1996	8876139
marburg and ebola viruses.		1996	8895830
evaluation of arthropod-borne viruses and other infectious disease pathogens as the causes of febrile illnesses in the khartoum province of sudan.	the relative importance of arthropod-borne and other disease pathogens as the cause of an outbreak of febrile illnesses was assessed during august 1988, following severe flooding in khartoum, sudan. a total of 200 patients with acute febrile illness and 100 afebrile controls were enrolled in the study during october and november 1988; at the omdurman military hospital, khartoum, sudan. sera were tested for igm and igg antibodies to six arthropod-borne viruses by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent ...	1996	8835346
the emergence of "emerging diseases": a lesson in holistic epidemiology.	the term "emerging diseases" is a loosely defined category of entities comprising resurgent or recurrent old diseases (usually caused by "new" or mutated previously known agents), diseases truly new to man, but caused by preexisting ("old") zoonotic agents, and syndromes newly defined by the discovery of new agents through advances in biotechnology. identification and solution of these problems depends, first, on recognition of their differences, and then upon tailoring appropriate strategies fo ...	1996	8692162
short report: lack of virus replication in arthropods after intrathoracic inoculation of ebola reston virus.	to evaluate the potential for arthropods to serve as reservoir hosts of ebola virus, three mosquito species, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, and culex pipiens, and a soft tick, ornithodoros sonrai, were inoculated with 1o2.5 plaque-forming units of ebola reston virus. after incubation at 22 degrees c for 11 days, at least six specimens of each species were triturated and examined for evidence of viral replication by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque assay. there was no evidenc ...	1996	8702028
lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with ebola-zaire (mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure.	the source of infection or mode of transmission of ebola virus to human index cases of ebola fever has not been established. field observations in outbreaks of ebola fever indicate that secondary transmission of ebola virus is linked to improper needle hygiene, direct contact with infected tissue or fluid samples, and close contact with infected patients. while it is presumed that the virus infects through either breaks in the skin or contact with mucous membranes, the only two routes of exposur ...	1996	8712894
ebola bar creates monkey shortage.		1996	8752264
characterization of a new marburg virus isolated from a 1987 fatal case in kenya.	in 1987, an isolated case of fatal marburg disease was recognized during routine clinical haemorrhagic fever virus surveillance conducted in kenya. this report describes the isolation and partial characterization of the new marburg virus (strain ravn) isolated from this case. the ravn isolate was indistinguishable from reference marburg virus strains by cross-neutralization testing. virus particles and aggregates of marburg nucleocapsid matrix in ravn-infected vero cells, were visualized by immu ...	1996	8800792
experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques with ebola-reston filoviruses from the 1989-1990 u.s. epizootic.	this study describes the pathogenesis of the ebola-reston (ebo-r) subtype of ebola virus for experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. the disease course of ebo-r in macaques was very similar to human disease and to experimental diseases in macaques following ebo-zaire and ebo-sudan infections. cynomolgus monkeys infected with ebo-r in this experiment developed anorexia, occasional nasal discharge, and splenomegaly, petechial facial hemorrhages and severe subcutaneous hemorrhages in venipunctu ...	1996	8800793
passive immunization of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys with immunoglobulin from hyperimmune horses.	a commercially available immunoglobulin g (igg) from horses, hyperimmunized to ebola virus, was evaluated for its ability to protect cynomolgus monkeys against disease following i.m. inoculation with 1 000 pfu ebola virus (zaire '95 strain). six monkeys were treated immediately after infection by i.m. infection of 6.0 ml igg; these animals developed passive elisa titers of 1:160 to 1:320 to ebola, two days afer inoculation. however, the beneficial effects of igg treatment were limited to a delay ...	1996	8800795
emerging and reemerging of filoviruses.	filoviruses are causative agents of a hemorrhagic fever in man with mortalities ranging from 22 to 88%. they are enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded rna viruses and are separated into two types, marburg and ebola, which can be serologically, biochemically and genetically distinguished. in general, there is little genetic variability among viruses belonging to the marburg type. the ebola type, however, is subdivided into at least three distinct subtypes. marburg virus was first isolated dur ...	1996	8800808
termini of all mrna species of marburg virus: sequence and secondary structure.	the 3' and 5' ends of marburg virus (mbg)-specific mrna species have been determined using reverse transcription-pcr, rapid amplification of cdna ends, or the reverse ligation-mediated pcr procedure after removal of cap structures with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase. the polyadenylation sites of all mbg-specific mrnas were strictly conserved and corresponded to the predicted transcriptional stop signals of genomic rna. determination of the 5' ends of the mrna species showed that mrna synthesis sta ...	1996	8806574
[ebola: "a fatal syndrome"].	no other clinical entity has attached more attention now-a-day than those precipitated by the infection with a hemorrhagic fever virus. potentially caused by arena, bunya, flavi, and filoviradae, only the latter has had such a major impact throughout the world. two major genuses have been recognized since they become evident for the first time in 1967, the single-species marburg, and the 3-species-ebola (e. zaire, sudan and reston). with the exception of the 2 outbreaks of e. reston (washington, ...	1996	9004731
computer simulations of proteolysis of marburg and ebola-zaire filovirus coded proteins to generate nonapeptides with motifs of known hla class i haplotypes and detection of antigenic domains in the viral glycoproteins.	the primary amino acid sequences of the proteins coded by marburg and ebola-zaire filoviruses were studied by computer programs to search for putative proteolytic cleavages which yield nonapeptides with motifs of binding to known hla class i haplotypes. the computer analyses predicted that numerous nonapeptides with motifs to bind hla class i a68 and a2 haplotypes were detected. a few nonapeptides with motifs hla class i a24, b8, b27 and b35 were predicted in marburg virus proteins. a similar fi ...	1996	9035363
ebola-reston virus infection among quarantined nonhuman primates--texas, 1996.		1996	8602131
patterns and predictability in emerging infections.	many seemingly novel infections have a long history as zoonoses, and perhaps in sporadic human hosts; they gain access to new host populations through ecologic changes and human activity. identification of patterns in the emergence of such illnesses--ranging from influenza and lyme disease to ebola fever and aids--suggests that worldwide surveillance may be more feasible than once thought.	1996	8609193
retrovirus envelope domain at 1.7 angstrom resolution.	we report the crystal structure of an extraviral segment of a retrovirus envelope protein, the moloney murine leukemia virus (momulv) transmembrane (tm) subunit. this segment, which comprises a region of the momulv tm protein analogous to that contained within the x-ray crystal structure of low-ph converted influenza hemagglutinin, contains a trimeric coiled coil, with a hydrophobic cluster at its base and a strand that packs in an antiparallel orientation against the coiled coil. this structure ...	1996	8612078
the virion glycoproteins of ebola viruses are encoded in two reading frames and are expressed through transcriptional editing.	in late 1994 and early 1995, ebola (ebo) virus dramatically reemerged in africa, causing human disease in the ivory coast and zaire. analysis of the entire glycoprotein genes of these viruses and those of other ebo virus subtypes has shown that the virion glycoprotein (130 kda) is encoded in two reading frames, which are linked by transcriptional editing. this editing results in the addition of an extra nontemplated adenosine within a run of seven adenosines near the middle of the coding region. ...	1996	8622982
hiv, ebola virus and public health measures.		1996	8638503
ebola virus disease. recognizing the face of a rare killer.	because of international travel and immigration, us physicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of ebola virus disease. it should be suspected in any recent traveler who presents with manifestations of viral hemorrhagic fever and in laboratory workers exposed to animals from endemic areas who show symptoms. infected persons should be given supportive care to help them survive the acute phase of infection. fortunately, adequate preventive measures are already in place in us hospitals and ...	1996	8650097
similar structural models of the transmembrane proteins of ebola and avian sarcoma viruses.		1996	8653783
ebola virus infection in guinea pigs: presumable role of granulomatous inflammation in pathogenesis.	an approach combining virology with light and electron microscopy was used to study the organs of guinea pigs during nine serial passages of ebola virus, strain zaire. it was observed that the wild type of ebola virus causes severe granulomatous inflammation in the liver and reproduces in the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (mps). based on morphological characterization, two types of virus-cell interactions were demonstrated. the obtained data evidenced for heterogeneity of the populat ...	1996	8678836
ebola questions still unanswered.		1996	8685773
the threat of emerging infections.	a variety of newly discovered pathogens and new forms of older infectious agents threaten to reemerge. typical symptoms of acute infection are fever, headache, malaise, vomiting, and diarrhea. some of the better-known emerging viral infections include dengue, filoviruses (ebola, marburg), hantaviruses, hepatitis b, hepatitis c, hiv, influenza, lassa fever, measles, rift valley fever, rotavirus, and yellow fever. emerging bacterial infections include cholera, escherichia coli 0157:h7, leg ...	1996	12349257
here to stay. an interview with dr. david satcher, director, u.s. centers for disease control and prevention.	this paper presents an interview with dr. david satcher of the us centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) on the issue of infectious and chronic diseases. the problem of new and reemerging infectious diseases around the world, particularly in developing countries, is discussed. while drug resistant malaria and sporadic outbreaks of ebola in africa have alarmed health programs, aids is the major emerging infectious disease throughout the world. microorganisms have a way of surviv ...	1996	12349258
comparative virology and aids (review).	the scientific debate between pros and cons of the hiv criminal theory of aids still remains unsettled. the purpose of this review is to promote resolution of the problem by extracting a common principle of the host-virus relation using data resources for each of 4 viruses as follows: a) polyoma virus, b) marek's disease virus, c) ebola virus, d) korean hemorrhagic fever virus. conclusions drawn from this study are given as follows: i) environment emerged as the cardinal factor to modify the pro ...	1996	21594370
hemorrhagic fevers: few clues after 25 years.	there is a high prevalence of ebola antibodies found in the kenya population, related to geographical area and season, although the clinical disease was never found and the virus was not isolated. a field study was carried out in 7 hospitals in western kenya, 1986 -1987 (including surveillance studies in suspect areas), to intensify collection and transport of samples, testing facilities, patient observation with record keeping and follow-up. this study involved 1109 admitted patients with fever ...	1996	17451318
the eighteenth african health sciences congress: dissemination of research results for utilisation.	the african health sciences congress for 1997 will be held in cape town, south africa, from 14 to 18 april. this congress has been an annual event where scientists from across the world meet to present research results and to discuss meaningful approaches to solving some of the world's pressing health problems. the congress which is under the aegis of the african forum for health sciences (afhes), focusses special attention on ways of finding solutions for problems that afflict the african. the ...	1997	17583970
infection control in africa. nosocomial infection.	this article discusses infection prevention and control in africa and describes an available manual for infection control. the effectiveness of prevention and control efforts is dependent on health care services and the prevalence of disease. funding for health care, the perceived economic impact of infection control, and trained administrators determine the availability of health services and the spread of disease. the challenge is to provide cleanliness, aseptic techniques in patient care, ...	1997	12321236
un sec-gen on world health day.	in a speech on april 7, 1997, world health day, un secretary-general kofi annan stated that the globalization of trade, changes in ecology and climate, and mass movements of people are some factors which contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. as such, mr. annan called for international solidarity to combat such diseases. he believes that uncontrolled urbanization in many countries forces people to live in unhygienic and overcrowded conditions. in keeping with the day's theme of emer ...	1997	12321711
[infections always present at the dawn of the 21st century].	despite the many scientific achievements realized in recent years, infectious diseases still remain the main cause of premature mortality worldwide. it is also growing increasingly difficult to fight infections. tuberculosis and malaria are making a comeback, cholera and yellow fever are making new inroads into countries where they¿ve never been before, other diseases are developing resistance to antibiotics and have in some cases become incurable, and new diseases such as ebola-induced hemorrh ...	1997	12322621
emerging infectious disease: global response, global alert.	despite spectacular progress in the eradication of infectious diseases, malaria and tuberculosis are making a comeback in many parts of the world. after years of decline, plague, diphtheria, dengue, meningococcal meningitis, yellow fever, and cholera have reappeared as public health threats. in the last 20 years [before 1997] more than 30 new and highly infectious diseases have been identified, including ebola-type hemorrhagic fever, hiv/aids, and hepatitis c. antibiotic resistance has also e ...	1997	12348002
[developing principles for emergency prevention and treatment of ebola fever].	the authors validate the efficiency of pathogenetic approach to the development of urgent measures for the prevention and therapy of ebola fever. the virus circulating in the body is to be blocked as soon as possible and the impaired functions and systems repaired. therapy of ebola fever should be based on the earliest possible and sufficiently prolonged administration of specific immunoglobulins in combination with pathogenetic drugs.	1997	9103042
isolation and partial molecular characterisation of a strain of ebola virus during a recent epidemic of viral haemorrhagic fever in gabon.		1997	9111552
identification of the ebola virus in gabon in 1994.		1997	9111553
isolation and phylogenetic characterization of ebola viruses causing different outbreaks in gabon.	three outbreaks of ebola hemorrhagic fever have recently occurred in gabon. virus has been isolated from clinical materials from all three outbreaks, and nucleotide sequence analysis of the glycoprotein gene of the isolates and virus present in clinical samples has been carried out. these data indicate that each of the three outbreaks should be considered an independent emergence of a different ebola virus of the zaire subtype. as in earlier ebola virus outbreaks, no genetic variability was dete ...	1997	9126445
computational genomic analysis of hemorrhagic fever viruses. viral selenoproteins as a potential factor in pathogenesis.	a number of distinct viruses are known as hemorrhagic fever viruses based on a shared ability to induce hemorrhage by poorly understood mechanisms, typically involving the formation of blood clots ("disseminated intravascular coagulation"). it is well documented that selenium plays a significant role in the regulation of blood clotting via its effects on the thromboxane/prostacyclin ratio, and effects on the complement system. selenium has an anticlotting effect, whereas selenium deficiency has ...	1997	9152513
[study of the phagocytic ability of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rabbits and guinea pigs upon administering ebola virus].	study of the phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnl) of rabbits resistant to ebola virus and guinea pigs susceptible to it, repeatedly challenged with live or inactivated ebola virus in accordance with the immunization protocols, showed a much higher phagocytic activity in animals resistant to the virus than in those susceptible to it. such behavior of pmnl in guinea pigs may be explained by the absence of the necessary cytokine background activating the neutrophils.	1997	9182399
[false-positive reactions in laboratory diagnosis of lassa, marburg, and ebola viral hemorrhagic fevers and aids].	sera of normal subjects and aids patients living in minsk and odessa were tested for antibodies to hazardous viral infections lassa, marburg, and ebola. four to 16% of examinees were seropositive to ebola virus, 0.8 to 2.3% to lassa, and up to 0.8% to marburg virus. common b-epitopes were found in viruses belonging to different families: lassa, ebola, and hiv. antibodies specific to these viruses antigens were found in the reference sera to influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus, and ade ...	1997	9182402
[effect of inactivated ebola virus on colony forming activity of human hematopoietic stem cells].	the effect of ebola virus antigen on the growth of hemopoietic precursors was studied. incubation of mononuclear cells with the viral antigen led to a dose-dependent decrease of erythroid colony formation but did not alter the growth of the granulocyto-macrophagal precursors. hence, ebola virus antigen is capable of directly affecting the hemopoietic activity of precursors in man by inhibiting the growth of erythroid colonies.	1997	9182409
emergence of subtype zaire ebola virus in gabon.	gabon has recently been struck three times by ebola hemorrhagic fever. the first isolate originating from the 1994 outbreak has been subjected to molecular characterization of its gp and vp24 genes. sequence analysis demonstrates that the agent, gabon-94 virus, belongs to subtype zaire of ebola virus. the isolate is closely related to the kikwit-95 isolate, and both viruses seem to have evolved from a progenitor virus different from that of the zaire-76 isolates. the relatively close relationshi ...	1997	9185597
global aspects of emerging and potential zoonoses: a who perspective.	many new human pathogens that have emerged or reemerged worldwide originated from animals or from products of animal origin. many animal species as well as categories of agents have been involved in the emergence of diseases. wild (e.g., bats, rodents) as well as draught animals (e.g., horses) and food animals (e.g., poultry, cattle) were implicated in the epidemiologic cycles of these diseases. many of the agents responsible for new infections and diseases in humans were viruses (e.g., hantavir ...	1997	9204308
the origin and evolution of ebola and marburg viruses.	molecular evolutionary analyses for ebola and marburg viruses were conducted with the aim of elucidating evolutionary features of these viruses. in particular, the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions for the glycoprotein gene of ebola virus was estimated to be, on the average, 3.6 x 10(-5) per site per year. marburg virus was also suggested to be evolving at a similar rate. those rates were a hundred times slower than those of retroviruses and human influenza a virus, but were of the same order ...	1997	9254917
[virus transmission in the tropical environment, the socio-ecology of primates and the balance of ecosystems].	we studied the contribution of non human primates to the transmission of yellow fever and hiv in the wild. we demonstrate the consequences of the modification of ecosystems on the emergence of new viral diseases and the reappearance of diseases believed to be eradicated. in the primary forest, the natural yellow fever cycle is limited to monkeys and mosquitoes living high in the canopy. transmission to man is an anomaly, requiring the circumstances found in the forest and savanna contact zones, ...	1997	9273125
emerging and reemerging infections. progress and challenges in the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology.	emerging and reemerging infections are attracting greater attention from the public health and medical communities. pathologists and other physicians are increasingly aware of the importance of the subspecialty of infectious disease pathology as a tool for diagnosis, surveillance, and research of emerging infections. in this communication, we describe the role that infectious disease pathologists have played during the last 2 years in broadening our understanding of selected emerging infections, ...	1997	9278604
pathology of experimental ebola virus infection in african green monkeys. involvement of fibroblastic reticular cells.	ebola virus has been responsible for explosive lethal outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in both humans and nonhuman primates. previous studies showed a predilection of ebola virus for cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and endothelial cells.	1997	9278608
[ultrastructural stereological analysis of monkey lungs during experimental ebola fever].		1997	9280497
[viral haemorrhagic fever].	viral haemorrhagic fever denotes various kinds of febrile illness caused by certain viruses which often presents with bleeding tendency and occasionally shock. out of these, the four maladies, lassa fever, ebola haemorrhagic fever, marburg haemorrhagic fever and crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever which are endemically present in africa or eastern europe, are known to be such diseases with high man-to-man communicability. these four haemorrhagic fevers are, therefore, designated as special conditio ...	1997	9283226
summary of antibody workshop: the role of humoral immunity in the treatment and prevention of emerging and extant infectious diseases.	in the era before antibiotics, human diseases were commonly treated with immune animal and human sera, often with life-saving results. with the advent of emerging infectious diseases, many of which cannot be adequately treated or prevented, attempts to develop antibody treatments have taken on new importance. the role of humoral immunity in treatment and prevention was the focus of discussion at a 1996 workshop. the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neutralization were examined in detail. it ...	1997	9291299
[immunobiological properties of vp24 protein of ebola virus expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus].	immunological and biochemical parameters were studied in guinea pigs immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus containing full-sized gene of ebola virus vp24 protein and then infected with virulent strain of ebola virus. the majority of the studied parameters changed similarly in guinea pigs immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus and control guinea pigs inoculated with vaccinia virus both before and after challenge with ebola virus. however, in animals immunized with recombinant vaccinia viru ...	1997	9297340
[changes in certain indicators of hemostasis in rabbits upon administration of ebola virus preparations].	changes in some parameters of hemostasis in rabbits insusceptible to ebola virus (ev) in various periods after reinoculations with live and inactivated virus are described. challenge with both control protein and live and inactivated ev leads to imbalance in the hemostasis system, which is compensated for in the course of follow-up and does not result in clinically manifest disorders of blood clotting. however, the mechanisms of development of the hemostasis imbalance caused by the control prote ...	1997	9297348
[change in biochemical and hemostatic indicators in guinea pigs upon administering ebola virus preparations].	the biochemical and hemostatic parameters were compared in guinea pigs after inoculation of ebola virus strains lethal and nonlethal for them and of inactivated antigen of this virus. the time course of the main hemostatic and biochemical parameters in animals challenged with the lethal strain of ebola virus differed much from that in other groups. this permits us to hypothesize that modification of the virus in the course of adaptation to the host results in the appearance of properties boostin ...	1997	9304298
[methods for controlling colonization of air and laboratory surfaces by pathogens of certain especially dangerous viral infections].	regular check-ups of the laboratory environment (air and working surfaces) for contamination with the objects of investigations are obligatory for laboratories working with viruses causing grave diseases, such as ebola, marburg, and machupo fevers and venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. methods for indication and identification of these agents have been developed and experimentally tried.	1997	9304303
international colloquium on ebola virus research: summary report.		1997	9333167
ebola and hantaviruses.		1997	9348164
a system for functional analysis of ebola virus glycoprotein.	ebola virus causes hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, resulting in mortality rates of up to 90%. studies of this virus have been hampered by its extraordinary pathogenicity, which requires biosafety level 4 containment. to circumvent this problem, we developed a novel complementation system for functional analysis of ebola virus glycoproteins. it relies on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) that contains the green fluorescent protein gene instead of the receptor-bindi ...	1997	9405687