Publications

sunlight regulates the cutaneous production of vitamin d3 by causing its photodegradation.	exposure to sunlight initiates the formation of vitamin d3 in skin as the uv b radiation in the solar spectrum causes the photoconversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin d3. a heat-induced isomerization then converts previtamin d3 to vitamin d3 over a period of days. a number of irradiation products of vitamin d3 are known to form upon irradiation with high intensity uv radiation, but the effect of subsequent exposures to sunlight on the vitamin d3 formed in skin is not known. to investiga ...	1989	2541158
a fifteen-year search for first-stage human ova.		1989	2642561
zoonotic brugia infections in north and south america.	nine new zoonotic brugia infections, 8 acquired in the united states and 1 in brazil, are described. in each, a single worm was found in histological sections of lymph nodes or lymphoid tissues. in those from north america, 5 of the 8 worms were females, all were infertile, and only 3 were alive at the time the tissues were excised; all of the patients were male. a dead female worm was collected from a brazilian male patient. in addition, 3 cases of filarial infections in the u.s., previously id ...	1989	2662786
review of human immunodeficiency virus infection in women in the united states.	in this review, available human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seroprevalence data are presented for united states women attending clinics related to reproductive health and for women in other settings. at family planning clinics, prenatal clinics, and in delivery room settings (cord blood testing), studies that have not targeted women at high risk for hiv infection have shown prevalence rates ranging from 0-4.3%. higher rates (greater than 1%) have been observed in more urban areas--newark, new y ...	1989	2682415
training basic scientists to bridge the gap between basic science and its application to human disease.		1989	2779621
occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) among embalmers: a pilot seroprevalence study.	we performed a serosurvey of 133 embalmers in an urban area where human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is prevalent. although we found histories of needlesticks to be common, and the seropositivity rate of hepatitis b virus (hbv) (13%) was approximately twice that of a blood donor comparison group, hiv antibody was uniformly absent in 129 embalmers who denied hiv risk factors, and present in one of four with self-described risk behaviors. the risk of hbv infection was higher among embalm ...	1989	2782520
longitudinal findings from the normative aging study: 1. does mental health change with age?	longitudinal changes in self-reported symptoms were investigated using the cornell medical index (cmi) in a sample of 2,041 men. the average man completed 5 cmis (range = 2-8) over 17 (range = 2-25) years. using a two-stage growth model, we first regressed symptoms against time on study for each man. the average slope of physical symptoms showed a moderate increase over time, but the average slope of psychological symptoms showed little change. next, individual differences in change were examine ...	1989	2803623
bacteremia due to mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. a report of 9 cases and a review of the literature.	mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteremia is being reported more frequently in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1) infection. we report 9 patients with bacteremia due to m. tuberculosis and hiv infection who were identified over a 36-month period. of the 9 patients studied, 8 were male, 8 were black, 6 were born in haiti, 3 were homeless, 2 were intravenous drug users, and 1 was homosexual. at the time of diagnosis, 3 patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) ...	1990	2122171
long odyssey of babesiosis.	the history of babesiosis is traced from the discovery of the parasite in 1888, to its present endemic niche. the author uncovers clinical and epidemiological features of human babesiosis in a patient hospitalized in new jersey.	1990	2191250
short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis.	to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ...	1990	2213411
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a state psychiatric institution.		1990	2222110
seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia viruses in selected populations of homosexual men.	this study sought to define the seroprevalence of human t cell leukemia virus (htlv) types i and ii in selected populations of homosexual men. serum specimens were screened for antibodies to htlv and to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) by enzyme immunoassay; successive testing of specimens with positive results was done by western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa) and then by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay on available peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). of 1290 ...	1990	2230268
implementation of preventive services in an hmo practice.	practice does not conform to guidelines unless the guidelines are specifically implemented and performance is monitored. several examples of implementation in one health maintenance organization (hmo) are given. these include immunization for influenza and follow up of positive screening tests for colorectal and cervical cancer. each implementation effort has required the development of systems, which in this hmo are automated. several issues influencing implementation are discussed, including r ...	1990	2231053
racial/ethnic differences in hiv-1 seroprevalence and risky behaviors among intravenous drug users in a multisite study.	differences in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence and patterns of drug-use and sexual behaviors were examined among hispanic, black, and white intravenous drug users recruited at multiple sites in worcester, massachusetts. a total of 1,092 (786 males, 306 females) intravenous drug users were interviewed, and hiv-1 antibody test results were available for 874 (80.0%). after adjustment for demographic differences, black males were significantly less likely to report risky d ...	1990	2239898
medicine court, ii: rivers in practice.	the authors conducted a retrospective study of the initial impact (1986-1987) of the rivers v. katz decision involving patients' right to refuse treatment at new york state's largest forensic psychiatric hospital. of 18 petitions submitted, 15 cases were adjudicated. all 15 patients were found incompetent, and all treatment plans submitted were approved by the court. most patients selected for rivers hearings were diagnosed as having chronic schizophrenia and/or were older than the hospital popu ...	1990	2293787
aids and college health: knowledge, threat, and prevention at a northeastern university.	we performed secondary analyses on data originally collected by telephone from a random sample of 294 undergraduates from a large northeastern university to examine students' knowledge about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the students' reactions to the health threat posed by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). our findings indicated that students are reasonably well informed about aids, are aware of the recommended precautions for avoiding hiv infection, and are fearful that the v ...	1990	2299052
regulations prohibiting abortion counseling held unconstitutional.	a federal appellate court for massachusetts has ruled that regulations prohibiting counseling or referrals for abortion services violate the constitutional right to reproductive choice. the regulations in question were promulgated under title x of the us public health service act. the regulations required pregnant women to be furnished with a list of providers who supported the welfare of the mother and the fetus, thus making the decision to abort more difficult and intruding upon pre- existin ...	1990	2304078
beliefs about aids, use of alcohol and drugs, and unprotected sex among massachusetts adolescents.	in august 1988, 1,773 massachusetts 16-19-year-olds were surveyed by telephone using anonymous random digit dialing; response rate 82 percent. logistic regression tested whether alcohol and drug use, perceived susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), severity of hiv if infected, effectiveness of condoms in preventing infection, barriers to condom use, and behavioral cues such as exposure to media or personal communication about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were independ ...	1990	2305908
hiv testing: the legal balance between individual and societal rights.	testing for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibodies creates a legal conflict between the individual's right to autonomy and privacy versus society's right to control the public health. a body of laws exists to address these conflicting rights. these laws, however, must evolve so as to strike a better balance between what society has a right to know and the individual's right to personal autonomy and privacy. appropriate statutes should recognize that a legitimate need may a ...	1990	2315775
demographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and hiv seroprevalence among intravenous drug users by site of contact: results from a community-wide hiv surveillance project.	we investigated differences in behaviors important for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission and hiv antibody status among 927 recent needle users enrolled in a multi-site hiv surveillance project in worcester, massachusetts. subjects were enrolled at drug abuse treatment centers reported less risky injection practices unexplained by demographic variables. risky sexual practices were in general reported more frequently by men at the jail than men at other sites. however, hiv status sho ...	1990	2382742
computer assisted neonatal parenteral nutrition order formatting.	neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions are a vital part of the treatment regimen for premature infants. protocols that dictate the formulation of these expensive intravenous solutions must assure absolute safety for the neonate. the procedure for the initiation, calculation, and compounding of parenteral nutrition solutions involves both physician and pharmacist. simplified physician ordering forms with printed guidelines for solution ingredients assists in error free ingredient prescribing. ph ...	1990	10113379
massachusetts v. secretary of health and human services.	the plaintiffs challenged the validity of regulations, promulgated under title x of the public health service act, that prohibit funding of nondirective abortion counseling or referral and demand separation of funded projects from projects which encourage abortion. the plaintiffs argued that the regulations unconstitutionally burden a woman's choice because they impermissibly restrict the information received during pregnancy counseling. distinguishing between refusals to fund abortion and in ...	1990	11648391
child study at clark university: 1894-1904.		1990	11607967
rust v. sullivan.	the federal public health service act specifies that no title x funds used for family planning services "shall be used in programs where abortion is a method of family planning." in 1988, the secretary of health and human services promulgated regulations that prohibited title x projects from abortion counseling, referral, or advocacy. various title x doctors sued, alleging violations of their first and fifth amendment rights. the supreme court found the regulations to be a permissible constru ...	1991	12041295
us refuses to issue entry visas to people with hiv / aids.	the us government, ignoring the almost unanimous recommendation of medical and public health experts throughout the world, continues to ban both immigration and travel by people with hiv. following recommendations from the us centers for disease control and prevention, the us department of health and human services indicated its intention to reduce the list of dangerous and contagious diseases for excluding entry to the us to include only active tuberculosis. that decision would have removed h ...	1991	12179700
a comparison of health care offerings as perceived by employers.	this empirical study examines the health care coverage climate of 130 large and medium sized companies in new england. human resource managers and/or benefits managers were asked to compare the plans that they currently offer their employees on a number of points. the primary focus was in the area of cost and cost containment. an attempt is made to identify the cost containment trends that are now a very high priority among employers.	1991	10110433
localization of immunogenic domains in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope.	highly immunogenic domains have not yet been defined in the extracellular protein of the human immunodefiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) envelope. in this study, six contiguous segments covering the entire hiv-2st envelope were amplified and cloned into a bacterial expression vector to localize the relative immunogenic reactivity of different regions of the molecule by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. our results demonstrate that the extracellular protein of the hiv-2 envelope contains highly immun ...	1991	1714524
knowledge about hiv and behavioral risks of foreign-born boston public school students.	in 1990, 3049 boston public middle and high school students were surveyed anonymously in english, spanish, vietnamese, chinese, french, or haitian creole. significantly fewer immigrant students, 35% of those surveyed, knew the principal modes of human immunodeficiency virus transmission. fewer immigrants reported having sexual intercourse (31% vs 53% of nonimmigrants), but among the sexually active only 38% always used condoms, and more immigrants reported intercourse with intravenous drug users ...	1991	1746662
increasing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium: a 22-year review at one institution.	to identify any change in the antibiotic resistance of enterococcus faecium, we examined the antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical strains (n = 84) isolated at one institution during the 22 years since 1968. a significant increase in resistance to penicillin was observed during the study period: the mics of penicillin for 50 and 90% of isolates tested were 16 and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively, from 1969 to 1988 (n = 48; geometric mean mic, 14 micrograms/ml) , whereas they were 256 and 512 mic ...	1991	1803989
characterization of a human milk factor that inhibits binding of hiv gp120 to its cd4 receptor.		1991	1809005
nontuberculous respiratory infections among the homeless.	in contrast to the extensive studies of pulmonary tuberculosis among homeless persons, virtually no data are available on nontuberculous respiratory infections in this population. this article reviews the literature on pulmonary infections and homelessness. the clinical experience of the boston health care for the homeless program is detailed, with emphasis on the role of multidisciplinary teams of physicians, nurses, and case workers in the integration of hospital- and shelter-based clinics nec ...	1991	1810003
treating hard-to-treat tuberculosis patients in massachusetts.	for most patients with tuberculosis (tb), treatment has never been shorter or cure more certain than with current drug regimens. however, in massachusetts and elsewhere in the united states there is a growing minority of patients who are not easily cured with the best available outpatient regimens. close treatment supervision through culturally appropriate outreach workers has been successful for some foreign-born tb patients in whom therapy might otherwise fail. full supervision of outpatient t ...	1991	1810006
influenza vaccination. are we doing better than we think?	patients who were candidates for influenza vaccination seen in the primary care center of a community teaching hospital were studied to determine whether there is a differential immunization rate depending on risk level. the immunization rate was as follows: moderate risk group, 44%; high risk group, 59%; and very high risk group, 81%. the immunization rate was also closely associated with the frequency of clinic visits, ranging from 34% for those with low visit frequency to 73% for those with h ...	1991	1888239
human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in greater new bedford, massachusetts: a prevalence study.	a study was conducted in the community of greater new bedford, massachusetts, from 1984 through 1987 to assess the prevalence of elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the serum of individuals aged 18 to 64 years who had resided in the area for at least 5 years. eight hundred and forty subjects were interviewed, examined, and tested in a cross-sectional sample of the towns of acushnet, dartmouth, and fairhaven and the city of new bedford. serum pcbs were measured to estimate the ...	1991	1907125
a brugia species infecting rabbits in the northeastern united states.	brugia sp. microfilariae were observed in more than 60% of wild rabbits collected on nantucket island, massachusetts. the microfilariae measured 294-344 microns in length and had the characteristic subterminal and terminal nuclei observed in other brugia microfilariae. the microfilaria is similar to those described for brugia leporis in rabbits in louisiana. this may be the brugia species responsible for 21 documented cases of human infection in the northeastern united states.	1991	1919934
dogs as sentinels for lyme disease in massachusetts.	an investigation of the relationship between incident human cases of lyme disease and seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi in dogs was undertaken in order to determine whether dogs might serve as sentinels for lyme disease.	1991	1951802
teaching medicine as a human experience: a patient-doctor relationship course for faculty and first-year medical students.	we developed a required, longitudinal course for first-year medical students that addressed the patient-doctor relationship. our course linked understanding patients' experiences and perspectives on illness with listening to, talking with, and establishing a rapport with patients while obtaining their medical histories. learning was enhanced by use of an interdisciplinary faculty and by small-group continuity and faculty mentoring. our curriculum adapted problem-based, self-directed educational ...	1991	1994796
risks of consumption of contaminated seafood: the quincy bay case study.	a recent epa-sponsored study of sediment and seafood contamination in quincy bay revealed elevated levels of several complex organic pollutants frequently of concern in human health assessments. a seafood consumption risk assessment was conducted using data from samples collected in quincy bay in the methodology developed for epa's office of marine and estuarine protection for such assessments. results showed estimated plausible, upperbound excess cancer risks in the 10(-5) to 10(-2) range. thes ...	1991	2050051
serial assessment of left ventricular function and mass after orthotopic heart transplantation: a 4-year longitudinal study.	long-term changes in left ventricular performance and geometry in the transplanted human heart have been incompletely described. therefore, two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on 22 recipients of an orthotopic heart transplant at 1 month (32 +/- 20 days), 1 year (11 +/- 3 months) and 4 years (54 +/- 9 months) after transplantation. all studies were performed at a time when the patient had no pathologic evidence of rejection. ten healthy men served as a normal control group. over 4 yea ...	1992	1729347
parasitology screening of latin american children in a primary care clinic.	a screening program based in a massachusetts community hospital primary care clinic, which included 124 children from 12 different latin american countries, demonstrated that nearly 35% were carriers of pathogenic parasites. the large majority (83.7%) of these children were asymptomatic at the time of the examination. although there may be considerable variation based on country of origin, the present results, as well as a review of the literature, suggest this is likely to be a common finding a ...	1992	1734397
the health of children adopted from romania.	to determine the medical condition of romanian adoptees and the effects of the romanian orphanage system on their health.	1992	1281241
time trends in high-risk injection practices in a multi-site study in massachusetts: effects of enrollment site and residence.	time trends in needle sharing and bleach use were examined among needle users enrolled at drug abuse treatment and nontreatment sites in greater worcester, ma, from 1987 through 1989. substantial declines in high-risk behavior were found, with different trends at drug treatment versus nontreatment sites. the percentage of individuals sharing needles declined at treatment facilities but not at nontreatment sites. among those sharing, the proportion using bleach increased at both drug treatment an ...	1992	1322686
human psittacosis linked to a bird distributor in mississippi--massachusetts and tennessee, 1992.	during april-may 1992, cdc was notified of a possible outbreak of psittacosis involving members of two families in massachusetts and tennessee who had recently purchased birds as pets. in the subsequent investigation of this problem, human psittacosis was defined as a fourfold rise in complement-fixing antibody titer to > or = 32 or a single titer of > or = 32 in a patient with fever and/or respiratory symptoms. this report summarizes the investigation of this problem.	1992	1406575
who was morton prince?	morton prince, a boston neurologist, founded the journal of abnormal psychology in 1906 as an outlet especially for those who took a psychogenic view of neurotic disorders. through experiments with hypnotism, he added appreciably to knowledge of subconscious and coconscious mental processes; the dissociation of a personality (prince, 1905) still ranks as a classic. he early saw that studying normal people in the depth and detail with which one studied patients could make significant contribution ...	1992	1430597
a socioeconomic analysis of digital replantations resulting from home use of power tools.	forty-seven digits in 21 patients who sustained partial or complete amputations from the home use of power tools were replanted or revascularized during a 1-year period. this represented 69% of the microvascular surgery performed for hand injuries during that year. the cost of repairing an average of 2.4 digits was $7000 (surgeon's fee) plus $697 per hour (operating room fee), as per fiscal year 1987. postoperative hospitalization averaged 15 days at a cost of $15,679. hand rehabilitation averag ...	1992	1430934
the relation between hospital experience and mortality for patients with aids.	to determine whether there is an association between mortality and hospital acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) experience for all aids-related diagnoses, and to determine whether the association is explained by differences in severity of illness, earlier discharge of terminally ill patients, or differences in resource use.	1992	1433685
vegetation structure influences the burden of immature ixodes dammini on its main host, peromyscus leucopus.	to determine whether the relative abundance of immature ixodes dammini (the vector of lyme disease and human babesiosis) is related to habitat structure, we examined tick burdens on their main host, the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus), in 4 structurally diverse sites on great island, massachusetts, usa. vegetation structure at each site was quantified with respect to 25 habitat variables. principal components analysis was used to reduce this set of habitat variables to seven new and ort ...	1992	1437266
perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection: extent of clinical recognition in a population-based cohort. massachusetts pediatric hiv surveillance working group.	to evaluate factors that may affect the timely diagnosis of children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, we compared data derived from two population-based pediatric hiv studies. data from anonymous newborn hiv serosurveys were used to estimate the number of children born to hiv-seropositive mothers. a statewide active surveillance project determined the number of hiv-exposed children who had been clinically recognized. of 88,732 massachusetts newborn specimens tested anonymously ...	1992	1454436
human babesiosis in new york state: an epidemiological description of 136 cases.	epidemiological data on 136 cases of human babesiosis reported from laboratories and clinicians in the state of new york from 1982 to 1991 were reviewed. all but two patients, who had traveled to nantucket island in massachusetts, acquired disease in suffolk county, long island. the highest average age-group-specific annual incidence rates occurred among men > or = 80 years of age (7.72 per 100,000) and among women 70-79 years of age (3.61 per 100,000). seven patients (5%) had previously undergo ...	1992	1457632
[the man and the woman behind the syndrome. a man and a woman behind the cronkhite-canada syndrome. a rare gastrointestinal polyposis with changes in the hair, skin and nails].		1992	1461020
computer-based interview for screening blood donors for risk of hiv transmission.	to test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among potential blood donors and to determine donor reactions to the use of the interview.	1992	1507376
corporate funding of human services agencies.	this article reviews national trends in the organization of corporate giving to human services agencies, examines how corporations make funding decisions, and reports the results of a case study of philanthropic giving among 29 companies in cambridge, massachusetts. the study found that most corporations use an informal rather than a formal process for making funding decisions, with many firms relying on tradition, social contacts, and intuition to guide allocations. suggestions that social serv ...	1992	1514129
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in parturients at boston city hospital: implications for public health and obstetric practice.	we measured the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in women seeking reproductive services.	1992	1530014
alcohol consumption and mortality in an american male population: recovering the u-shaped curve--findings from the normative aging study.	several prospective studies have suggested that moderate alcohol consumption may offer protection against total and coronary heart disease (chd) mortality. these studies have been criticized for failing to control for changes in drinking and the influence of comorbidity on consumption decisions. in the present study, we examined whether rates of death from all causes and from chd were related to overall consumption as well as variability in or problems with drinking. in 1973, a drinking question ...	1992	1556854
compliance with zidovudine therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1: a cross-sectional study in a municipal hospital clinic.	to determine the extent of and clinical variables associated with zidovudine compliance.	1992	1580296
risks of cancer associated with long-term exposure to puva in humans: current status--1991.	since 1975 oral 8-methoxypsoralen administered in association with ultraviolet-a radiation (uva), (puva) has been widely used to treat psoriasis and other cutaneous diseases. puva is mutagenic, and in animals carcinogenic. prospective study of a cohort of patients with psoriasis who were first treated with puva in 1975-1976 has provided data on the carcinogenic risk of this treatment. there is a dose-dependent increase in the risk of squamous cell cancer of the skin associated with exposure to p ...	1992	1617196
attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy: a model of adolescents' hiv-related sexual risk behavior.	using data from a cross-sectional, statewide survey of 1,720 texas ninth graders in 13 school districts, a model of psychosocial predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related sexual risk behavior was tested. predictor variables in the model, based on variables from the theory of reasoned action and social learning theory, were attitudes, norms, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions. attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy predicted 36.4% of the variance in the intention to limit the nu ...	1992	1618632
the practical zealot. interview by joe flower.	in 1987, ellen gaucher took an unusual trip. as senior associate director of the university of michigan's sprawling 11,000-employee medical center, she was invited to a conference about a movement that was rapidly growing in the word of business--total quality. the occasion was the organizational conference of the national demonstration project on quality improvement in health care, led by the harvard community health plan in boston. gaucher was skeptical at first. total quality seemed a great w ...	1992	10116129
achieving a multicultural service orientation. adaptive models in service delivery and race and culture training.	human beings cannot be tossed together under the assumption that well-intentioned care will create a harmonious union. a multicultural service orientation does not eliminate all problems, but it does help reduce the likelihood of racial and cultural conflict between caregiver and client.	1992	10117714
condom availability in a small town: lessons from falmouth, massachusetts.	condom availability was approved october 1991 by the falmouth, massachusetts school committee. in early 1992, condom vending machines were installed in high school restrooms in falmouth. the massachusetts education board in august 1991 urged local schools to make condoms available; in 1990 the policy was to integrate hiv/aids education within comprehensive health education and human services programs. cambridge was the first to adopt a condom availability plan, which was in effect in march 19 ...	1992	12317949
care and protection of beth.	the supreme judicial court of massachusetts upheld the lower court's "do not resuscitate" (dnr) order regarding a five-year-old child who had been in an irreversible coma since infancy. although dnr orders generally do not require judicial review, the fact that both parents were minors and the mother and child were in the custody of the department of social services necessitated judicial involvement. using the doctrine of substituted judgment, the court determined that the incompetent child woul ...	1992	12041221
being a physician and being ethical.		1992	11651450
new england medical center integrates data into human resources decisions.		1992	10135793
human resources executives help employees balance professional and family needs.		1992	10135818
new england medical center creates new community service role for human resources.		1993	10135853
improving the readability of informed consent documents.		1993	11652152
manufacturer admits selling untested devices for heart.		1993	11647008
hiv risk among latino adolescents in two new england cities.	latino adolescents in two urban new england areas were surveyed to assess risk of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission.	1993	8214227
rabies surveillance in the united states during 1992.	in 1992, 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico reported 8,644 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the centers for disease control and prevention. almost 92% (7,912 cases) were wild animals, the largest number of wild animals ever reported, whereas 8.5% (732 cases) were domestic species. the total number of reported cases increased 23.9% over that of 1991 (6,975 cases), with most of the increase resulting from continued spread of rabies in raccoons. t ...	1993	8307825
isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from water in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya.	disseminated infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common complication of aids in the united states and other developing countries, but it is rare or absent in sub-saharan africa. to assess the comparative likelihood of exposure to mac in these geographic areas, we used a standard protocol to culture 91 water samples from environmental sites and piped water supply systems in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. mac was isolated from all geographic areas ...	1993	8308115
linkage analysis in familial alzheimer disease: description of the duke and boston data sets.	familial alzheimer diseases is a neurological disorder of adult onset. three research centers have each contributed their families and genetic linkage data for combined analyses. the data from the duke and boston centers, comprising 73 pedigrees for whom numerous markers on chromosomes 19 and 21 were typed are described.	1993	8314027
sib-pair linkage analyses of alzheimer's disease.	sib-pair linkage analyses were used to search for linkage to a set of chromosome 19 and 21 marker loci in two sets of families with alzheimer's disease. the advantage of this technique is that no assumption is made about the mode of inheritance of the disease. some mild suggestions of linkage were found in early-onset families for a chromosome 21 marker and in a set of late-onset families for a chromosome 19 marker.	1993	8314029
analysis of discrete phenotypes using a multipoint identity-by-descent method: application to alzheimer's disease.	the multipoint identity-by-descent method was developed to detect linkage to a specific chromosomal region through partitioning the genetic variance. this method has previously been applied to quantitative traits, and here is extended to a qualitative trait, where a dichotomous affected/unaffected status variable is transformed to a quantitative variable by incorporating covariates. this method is applied to the alzheimer's disease data sets from genetic analysis workshop 8, to investigate putat ...	1993	8314031
detecting heterogeneity with the affected-pedigree-member (apm) method.	we have developed a novel test of heterogeneity based on the apm method. we present tests of this method on both empiric and simulated data.	1993	8314034
is a single mutation at the same locus responsible for all affected cases in a large alzheimer pedigree (fad4)?	analysis of marker segregation in the large alzheimer pedigree, fad4, leads to the conclusion, with a type i error of 5%, of linkage heterogeneity between two branches of the pedigree: the disease cosegregates with chromosome 21 markers flanking the app area in one branch and not in the other one. thus, we conclude that a single mutation in the chromosome 21 region surrounding app cannot be responsible for all the affected cases in this pedigree.	1993	8314039
heterogeneity testing for alzheimer's disease within and between data sets.	we examined the three alzheimer's disease (ad) family data sets for heterogeneity. four markers that were represented in all three data sets were selected for analysis. markers bcl3/ecor-mlu and d19s13/taqi were chosen for chromosome 19 and d21s13/taqi and d21s16/xbai for chromosome 21. homogeneity testing was performed on the data by use of morton's pre-divided samples test (ps-test) and smith's admixture test (a-test). the c-test of maclean et al. [1992] was also used to test for linkage in th ...	1993	8314041
two new approaches toward linkage heterogeneity of fad: two-locus models and age of onset as a discriminator.	we present two new approaches to the problem of genetic heterogeneity encountered in linkage analysis of familial alzheimer's disease. we used two-locus models to represent the possible existence of two disease genes while allowing for intrafamilial heterogeneity, and modeled the occurrence of the early onset form of the disease with epistasis. we developed a mixture model of heterogeneity where the early and late onset family types can be either linked to chromosome 19, 21, or unlinked, and whe ...	1993	8314043
health-related quality of life in persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	assessing health-related quality of life in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is extremely important, but most available scales are too long, contain items that are not relevant for such persons, or do not assess important signs and symptoms of hiv infection. this study presents a new set of scales for assessing the symptoms and functioning of persons infected with hiv and reports data on their reliability and validity collected in face-to-face interviews with 189 patients ...	1993	8326772
spire corporation: a paradigm for success in the 90s.	there is much talk now of "defense conversion" and the need to turn a given country's "peace dividend" into improving its "infrastructure." beyond the obvious political rhetoric, those terms bode well for the field of biotechnology. every facet of technology must attend to its "delivery system," for the same obvious reason, roads and bridges must be maintained and improved. in the case of biosensors and their delivery into the human body, for example, it stands to reason that adequate focus shou ...	1993	8357570
cognitive impairment and the use of health services in an elderly rural population: the movies project. monongahela valley independent elders survey.	to describe the patterns of use of health and human services by elderly rural individuals and to determine whether cognitively impaired persons had a distinctive pattern of service utilization.	1993	8409151
canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi and prevalence of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) on deer as a measure of lyme disease risk in the northeastern united states.	surveillance programs that identify areas where both the vector (ixodes dammini) and etiologic agent (borrelia burgdorferi) are present may identify the risk of lyme disease and its spread earlier and more accurately than do programs relying on any single method, particularly human case reports. hunter-killed deer (n = 1,204) from 22 counties in maryland, massachusetts, new hampshire, new york, and pennsylvania were examined in fall 1989 and all ectoparasites were identified. the following sprin ...	1993	8433324
ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception.	in multiple studies cultural affiliation has been found to have an important influence on perception of and response to experimental and acute pain. despite that evidence little work has been directed to understanding the cultural dimensions of the chronic pain experience. we present the results of a quantitative study of reported chronic pain perception in 372 chronic pain patients in six ethnic groups, who were under treatment at a multidisciplinary pain-management center. the role of ethnic a ...	1993	8446431
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks.	recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ...	1993	8500010
hiv infection as leading cause of death among young adults in us cities and states.	to describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in us states and cities of at least 100,000 population.	1993	8501840
the new york times ad.	feminization of patriarchal institutions is necessary in order to eliminate the exclusivity and mutuality of hierarchical, gender, class, and race stratification. the aim of this paper is to explain the history and activities surrounding the new york times ad on sunday, october 7, 1984 (the catholic statement on pluralism and abortion signed by barbara ferraro and patricia hussey of the sisters of note dame de namur, rose dominic trapasso of the maryknoll sisters, and 67 other signers). the si ...	1993	12178920
assessing historical exposures of children to power-frequency magnetic fields.	one risk factor for human cancer currently being studied is residential exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields. a key problem in such research is how best to use contemporaneous measurements to assess past magnetic-field exposures. the main goal of the research presented in this paper was to examine the effectiveness of various surrogate measures in predicting historical exposures and to determine if residential power consumptions and the loads served by neighborhood electric networks could ...	1994	7549471
clinical features of microsporidiosis in patients with aids.	microsporidia are protozoan parasites responsible for significant gastrointestinal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. we report the clinical features of 20 patients with chronic diarrhea for whom microsporidian spores were identified by modified trichrome staining of stool smears and confirmed by biopsy and/or electron microscopy of stool. of the 18 microsporidian protozoa identified to the species level, 14 (78%) were enterocytozoon bieneusi and four (22%) were sept ...	1994	7915548
evaluation of epstein-barr virus antibody patterns and detection of viral markers in the biopsies of patients with hodgkin's disease.	we assessed the relationship of epstein-barr virus (ebv) serology to the presence or absence of ebv genome in 39 cases of hodgkin's disease (hd). biopsies from patients included in 2 previous published studies, 1 involving patients from the united states (eastern massachusetts) and 1 from denmark, were evaluated for ebv (eber-1) and latent membrane protein (lmp-1). the presence of ebv in reed-sternberg cells in the biopsies correlated with the histologic subtype of hd (mixed cellularity and lymp ...	1994	7927903
initial assessment of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: the yield and cost of laboratory testing.	our objective was to determine the yield and cost of standardized laboratory testing of hiv-infected patients entering medical care after testing positive for hiv. an hiv staging and referral clinic in a municipal public hospital was our site for a cross-sectional study, and 308 patients were evaluated in the clinic between february 1, 1990 and october 1, 1991. patients underwent standardized laboratory testing, including hematologic studies, serum chemistries, infectious disease serologies, and ...	1994	7932080
improving medical residents' attitudes toward hiv-infected persons through training in an hiv staging and triage clinic.	to assess the effect of a weekly outpatient clinic for staging and triage of newly identified human-immunodeficiency-virus (hiv)-infected patients on medical residents' attitudes and knowledge regarding care of hiv-infected persons.	1994	7999177
epidemiology of skin disease in hiv infection: a cohort study of health maintenance organization members.	the medical literature suggests that persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have an increased risk of many common and uncommon cutaneous diseases. further, it has been suggested that in hiv-infected people these conditions may be more persistent and they may be more prone to developing adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. we have identified a cohort of 684 hiv-infected persons who were members of a large massachusetts health maintenance organization. based on review of hospita ...	1994	8006432
the incidence of prenatal syphilis at the boston city hospital: a comparison across four decades.	to examine the incidence and epidemiologic correlates of congenital syphilis at an inner-city boston hospital, and draw comparisons with the situation at the same hospital 40 years ago.	1994	8008532
caring for people with human immunodeficiency virus. incorporating the patient's perspective.	the interdisciplinary hiv work team meets to improve care for people with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). through its efforts, including patient and provider focus groups, the team identified what is done well in caring for patients with hiv, the obstacles that patients encounter in accessing care, and how to prepare for the future. the work team has been instrumental in developing ideas and implementing changes by serving as a vehicle for communication and enhancing a spirit of collabor ...	1994	8089718
non-occupational exposures to pesticides for residents of two u.s. cities.	the non-occupational pesticide exposure study, funded by the u.s. environmental protection agency, was designed to assess total human exposures to 32 pesticides and pesticide degradation products in the non-occupational environment; however, the study focused primarily on inhalation exposures. two sites--jacksonville, florida (usa) and springfield/chicopee, massachusetts (usa)--were studied during three seasons: summer 1986 (jacksonville only), spring 1987, and winter 1988. probability samples o ...	1994	8110023
computer interview for screening blood donors for risk of hiv transmission.	to test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) among potential blood donors, and to determine donor reactions to the use of the computer, we compared the rate of detection of hiv-related factors elicited by the computer interview with the rate elicited by standard american red cross procedures (written questionnaires and face-to-face interviews) for assessment of donor suitability. the study was performed at a red ...	1994	8145632
admissions of injection drug users to drug abuse treatment following hiv counseling and testing.	the outcomes of counseling and testing programs related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and risk of infection among injection drug users (idus) are not well known or understood. a counseling and testing outcome of potential public health importance is attaining admission to drug abuse treatment by those idus who are either infected or who are at high risk of becoming infected. the authors investigated factors related to admission to drug abuse treatment among 519 idus who receive ...	1994	8153272
determination of polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the serum of residents and in the homogenates of seafood from the new bedford, massachusetts, area: a comparison of exposure sources through pattern recognition techniques.	we measured the residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in the serum of 23 residents of the new bedford, massachusetts, area and from two homogenates each of bluefish and lobsters from the same area. we used congener-specific and total aroclor quantitative approaches, both of which involved gas chromatography with electron capture detection. using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (electron ionization mode), we confirmed the presence of pcbs in the combined serum samples and in the aliqu ...	1994	8209226
human ehrlichiosis in new england.		1994	8272102
the nobel lectures in immunology. the nobel prize for physiology or medicine, 1990. the first successful organ transplants in man.		1994	8290887
wear your hat: representational resistance in safer sex discourse.	through an analysis of four posters used by the aids action committee of massachusetts, this article asks how representation can effectively promote safer sex practices. the images under investigation have different targeted groups--one is aimed at african-american men, one at latinas, and two at gay men. using a frame-work that connects definitions of sex in the respective communities with differences surrounding gender, race, and class, the imagery is unpacked in order to expose the effects of ...	1994	7798606