Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| a putative nes mediates cytoplasmic localization of apoptin in normal cells. | apoptin, a protein expressed by chicken anemia virus, is found predominantly in the cytoplasm in normal cells, whereas it localizes in the nucleus in transformed and malignant cells. however, the mechanisms that regulate the different subcellular localization of apoptin in normal and tumor cells have not been fully clarified. in this work, a putative nuclear export signal (nes) in apoptin was predicted. it was testified that the putative nes (pnes) of apoptin was not a functional nes, but actual ... | 2004 | 15592649 |
| detection of chicken anemia virus in the gonads and in the progeny of broiler breeder hens with high neutralizing antibody titers. | previous evidence for the presence of chicken anemia virus (cav) in the gonads of immune specific-pathogen-free chickens raised the question whether this occurs also in commercial breeders. the presence of cav was investigated by nested pcr in the gonads and spleens of hens from two 55- and 59-week-old, cav-vaccinated (flocks 2 and 3), and two 48- and 31-week-old non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks (flocks 1 and 4). in addition, lymphoid tissues of 20-day-old embryos from these hens were also ... | 2004 | 15607085 |
| chicken infectious anemia virus infection in israeli commercial flocks: virus amplification, clinical signs, performance, and antibody status. | the impact of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) infection on commercial chicken flocks in israel was examined by analyzing flocks with or without typical ciav signs, signs of other diseases, or apparently healthy flocks. in 23 flocks (broilers and layers) of ages up to 8 wk, typical signs of ciav infection (stunting, gangrenous dermatitis, and secondary bacterial infections) were recorded. when permitted by flock owners, in several cases among these 23 flocks the morbidity, mortality, and p ... | 2004 | 15077804 |
| serologic evidence of chicken infectious anemia in commercial chicken flocks in southwest nigeria. | sera samples from seven poultry farms in southwest nigeria consisting of 7 broiler, 10 pullet, 1 layer, 1 cockerel, and 1 broiler breeder flocks were tested for the presence of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. eleven of the 20 flocks (55%) and six out of seven (86%) farms were positive for ciav antibodies. the seroprevalence largely depended on the age of the flocks. seroprevalence was higher within the older pullet and l ... | 2004 | 15077816 |
| the viral death effector apoptin reveals tumor-specific processes. | several natural proteins, including the cellular protein trail and the viral proteins e4orf4 and apoptin, have been found to exert a tumor-preferential apoptotic activity. these molecules are potential anti-cancer agents with direct clinical applications. also very intriguing is their possible utility as sensors of the tumorigenic phenotype. here, we focus on apoptin, discussing recent research that has greatly increased our understanding of its tumor-specific processes. apoptin, which kills tum ... | 2004 | 15258463 |
| chicken infectious anemia virus: an example of the ultimate host-parasite relationship. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is a resistant and ubiquitous virus of chickens causing disease in young chickens and immunosuppression in all birds. this paper reviews the current knowledge of ciav with a focus on new findings indicating that immunosuppressive effects have not been fully appreciated, especially as they relate to the development of antigen-specific cytotoxic t cells. a more complete understanding of the immunosuppressive effects of ciav emphasizes the need for better vacc ... | 2004 | 15666854 |
| the tumor-selective viral protein apoptin effectively kills human biliary tract cancer cells. | biliary tract cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma, has a poor prognosis. resection is the only curative treatment, but only a minority of patients are eligible. chemotherapy and gamma-irradiation are merely palliative, as they are unable to remove the malignancy completely. the chicken anemia virus-derived protein apoptin induces apoptosis in a wide range of human tumor cells and is not hindered by mutations inactivating p53 or by overexpression of bcl-2, changes known to frustrate chemotherapy and ra ... | 2004 | 14647920 |
| real-time quantitative pcr-based serum neutralization test for detection and titration of neutralizing antibodies to chicken anemia virus. | detection and titration of chicken anemia virus (cav)-neutralizing antibodies has relied on tedious, time-consuming passaging of infected cells, or subjective recognition of cytopathic effect in individual cells, because cav replicates in culture only in lymphoblastoid cell lines, and thus generates no plaques. this paper describes a rapid method, in which cav genomes in infected cells are quantitated by qpcr 3-4 days postinfection (p.i.), without passaging cells. three sera, weakly positive wit ... | 2004 | 14667528 |
| the tumour specific pro-apoptotic factor apoptin (vp3) from chicken anaemia virus. | cancer is a growing problem for human health world-wide. dramatic breakthroughs have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of tumorigenesis, allowing us to develop more refined anti-cancer treatments, expanding the repertoire of available anti-cancer drugs, and increasing the efficiency of their delivery to malignant cells. nevertheless, even with improved understanding of the complex origins of cancer cells, there is a dearth of efficient and above all ... | 2004 | 15011951 |
| chicken anemia virus induced apoptosis: underlying molecular mechanisms. | in 1990, the chicken anemia virus (cav) genome was cloned by us and proven to be representative for cav isolates worldwide. this genome contains unique promoter/enhancer replication elements and genes. upon infection of its target cells, cav replicates via a double-stranded (ds) dna intermediate. from this ds cav molecule, a single mrna is transcribed, which encodes for three distinct proteins vp1, vp2, and vp3 or apoptin. its capsid contains only the vp1 protein. however, for the production of ... | 2004 | 14741120 |
| apoptin: specific killer of tumor cells? | in the early 1990s it was discovered that the vp3/apoptin protein encoded by the chicken anemia virus (cav) possesses an inherent ability to specifically kill cancer cells. apoptin was found to be located in the cytoplasm of normal cells while in tumor cells it was localized mainly in the nucleus.(1) these differences in the localization pattern were suggested to be the main mechanism by which normal cells show resistance to apoptin-mediated cell killing. although the mechanism of action of apop ... | 2005 | 16133863 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of chicken anemia virus from chickens in nigeria. | chicken anemia virus (cav) was isolated for the first time from the nigerian chicken population. the virus was recovered from necropsied birds from broiler and pullet flocks that suffered disease outbreaks tentatively diagnosed as infectious bursal disease. a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay detected cav dna in tissues of necropsied birds. restriction endonuclease analysis performed with the 733-bp pcr product and the cfo i enzyme indicated at least two different cavs were circula ... | 2005 | 16252505 |
| apoptin induces chromatin condensation in normal cells. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus protein, was reported to induce tumor specific apoptosis, which was correlated with the nuclear localization of the protein in tumor cells. while in normal human cells, apoptin was detected mainly in the cytoplasm and did not induce apoptosis. using a recombinant adenovirus expressing apoptin, we have found that apoptin induced g(2)-m cell cycle arrest and chromatin condensation in cancer cells. here we report that adenovirus mediated apoptin expression also induc ... | 2005 | 15965608 |
| apoptin nuclear accumulation is modulated by a crm1-recognized nuclear export signal that is active in normal but not in tumor cells. | tumor cell-specific activity of chicken anemia virus viral protein 3 (vp3 or apoptin) is believed to be dependent on its ability to localize in the nucleus of transformed but not of primary or nontransformed cells. the present study characterizes the signals responsible for the novel nucleocytoplasmic trafficking properties of vp3 using two isogenic tumor/nontumor cell pairs. in addition to the tumor cell-specific nuclear targeting signal, comprising two stretches of basic amino acids in the vp3 ... | 2005 | 16103052 |
| a tumor cell-specific nuclear targeting signal within chicken anemia virus vp3/apoptin. | 2005 | 15613363 | |
| enhanced expression of apoptin by the myc-max binding motif and sv40 enhancer for sclc gene therapy. | apoptin is derived from chicken anemia virus (cav) and known to induce tumor specific apoptosis but not normal cells. the aim of this study was to use increased expression of apoptin by the myc-max response element (mmre) and sv40 enhancer in small-cell lung cancer (sclc) gene therapy. to investigate the possibility of the utilization of the mmre, apoptin, and sv40 promoter/enhancer in targeted cancer gene therapy, adenovirus vector expressing apoptin controlled by the mmre, and sv40 promoter/en ... | 2005 | 15665467 |
| positive and negative regulation of chicken anemia virus transcription. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus with a single promoter-enhancer region containing four consensus cyclic amp response element sequences (agctca), which are similar to the estrogen response element (ere) consensus half-sites (a)ggtca. these sequences are arranged as direct repeats, an arrangement that can be recognized by members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. transient-transfection assays which use a short cav promoter construct that ended at the tra ... | 2005 | 15709005 |
| mutation of chicken anemia virus vp2 differentially affects serine/threonine and tyrosine protein phosphatase activities. | novel dual-specificity protein phosphatases (dsps), which catalyse the removal of phosphate from both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine substrates, have recently been identified in two viruses within the family circoviridae. viral protein 2 (vp2) of chicken anemia virus (cav) and orf2 of tt virus have been shown to possess dsp activity in vitro. cav vp2 is unusual in possessing two vicinal cysteines within the protein phosphatase signature motif. the first cysteine residue (c95) ... | 2005 | 15722522 |
| apoptin acts as a tumor-specific killer: potentials for an anti-tumor therapy. | apoptin, a protein encoded by an avian virus, induces apoptosis in a tumor-specific way, acts p53-independently and is even stimulated by the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2. activation of upstream caspases is not required, whereas the activation of downstream caspases is involved in rapid apoptin-induced cell death. yet, in a caspase-3-negative human breast cancer cell line, apoptin can induce apoptosis, but delayed. these features indicate that apoptin can induce apoptosis via multiple pathways i ... | 2005 | 16171564 |
| cancer-specific toxicity of apoptin is independent of death receptors but involves the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and the release of mitochondrial cell-death mediators by a nur77-dependent pathway. | apoptin, a small proline-rich protein derived from the chicken anaemia virus, induces cell death selectively in cancer cells. the signalling pathways of apoptin-induced, cancer cell-selective apoptosis are not well understood. here, we demonstrate that apoptin triggers apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial/intrinsic pathway, and that it acts independently of the death receptor/extrinsic pathway. jurkat cells deficient in either fadd or caspase-8 (which are both necessary for the extrinsic pa ... | 2005 | 16179607 |
| oral infection with chicken anemia virus in 4-wk broiler breeders: lack of effect of major histocompatibility b complex genotype. | the pathologic consequences of chicken anemia virus (cav) oral inoculation in 4-wk-old broiler breeders of different major histocompatibility b complex (mhc) genotypes were evaluated. mhc b complex was determined by hemagglutination and sequence-based typing. clinical signs, serology, gross lesions, histopathologic analysis, and cav genome quantification were used to evaluate disease progression. clinical disease was not apparent in the inoculated broilers throughout the experimental period. at ... | 2005 | 16404987 |
| [molecular mechanism of specific induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by apoptin]. | apoptin, a small protein derived from chicken anemia virus, can specifically induce apoptosis in transformed cells or tumor cells, but not in normal cells. the tumor specificity of apoptin relates to its subcellular localization. in transformed cells or tumor cells, apoptin migrates to the nuclei, whereas in non-transformed cells, it remains mainly within the cytoplasm. phosphorylation is responsible for the nuclear localization of apoptin. in tumor cells, apoptin is phosphorylated, then translo ... | 2005 | 15820081 |
| role of viral load in the pathogenesis of chicken anemia virus. | the pathogenesis of strain 3711 of the chicken anemia virus (cav), propagated in chickens, and two preparations of strain 3711 that had been adapted to grow to high titre in cells of the mdcc-msb1 line were studied in chicken embryos and/or chickens. highest viral loads in infected chickens, as measured by a microplate dna-hybridization assay, were detected in the thymus, clotted blood and pancreas, and the lowest in the duodenum. the cav dna copy number in the organs of chicken embryos was sign ... | 2005 | 15831943 |
| pigeon paramyxovirus: association with common avian pathogens in chickens and serologic survey in wild birds. | pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (ppmv-1) was isolated from pigeons from east-central alabama and used in association with chicken anemia virus (cav), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), or finch mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) in specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess dinical disease and pathology. ppmv-1 infection in all groups was conducted at day 10 of age via the ocular route. the low passage ppmv-1 isolate was inoculated into chickens in different groups at 10 days post-cav infection, 6 days po ... | 2005 | 15839419 |
| the anaphase promoting complex: a critical target for viral proteins and anti-cancer drugs. | the study of animal viruses has provided extraordinary insights into cell cycle dynamics and tumor biology. the significance of the p53 and rb tumor suppressor proteins, for example, was discovered due to their interactions with viral oncogenes. in the past several years, investigations with four viral proteins, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vpr, adenovirus e4orf4, chicken anemia virus (cav) apoptin and human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) tax, have indicated that there are a ... | 2005 | 15876865 |
| serological evidence of chicken anaemia virus infection in nigerian indigenous chickens. | serum samples from 20 out of 180 (11.1%) apparently healthy nigerian indigenous chickens were negative for antibodies against chicken anaemia virus using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). of the 160 positive sera (88.9%), 12 (7.5%) had titres ranging from 1500-3000, 46 (28.8%) had titres from 3000-5000 while 102 (63.8%) had titres between 5000-11000. the overall mean titre value was 5845 +/- 2402. this appears to be evidence of a natural outbreak of the infection since the chickens ... | 2005 | 15991709 |
| molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in nigeria. | between february 2002 and may 2004, chicken anemia virus (cav) was detected by pcr in organ samples from 14 flocks of poultry farms in lagos, ogun and oyo states in southwestern nigeria. the farms reported low (<5%) to high mortalities (up to 100%) with various lesions at necropsy. the complete vp1 gene of 30 of these positive strains was sequenced. strains that diverged by up to 4.4% on a nucleotide level differed only by up to 2.5% at the amino acid level (7 aa) as a result of clustered silent ... | 2006 | 16096706 |
| apoptin-induced cell death is modulated by bcl-2 family members and is apaf-1 dependent. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-derived protein, selectively induces apoptosis in transformed but not in normal cells, thus making it a promising candidate as a novel anticancer therapeutic. the mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis is largely unknown. here, we report that contrary to previous assumptions, bcl-2 and bcl-xl inhibit apoptin-induced cell death in several tumor cell lines. in contrast, deficiency of bax conferred resistance, whereas bax expression sensitized cells to apoptin-induce ... | 2006 | 16288204 |
| intramolecular masking of nuclear localization signals: analysis of importin binding using a novel alphascreen-based method. | active nuclear import of proteins requires the recognition of a nuclear localization sequence (nls) by members of the importin (imp) family of proteins. we have developed a modified alphascreen-based assay able to estimate the solution binding affinities of such interactions using biotinylated imps and his6-tagged nls-containing proteins. we describe this assay in detail as well as its application in documenting the phenomenon of intramolecular masking of nlss using recombinant green fluorescent ... | 2006 | 16300722 |
| resistance of porcine circovirus and chicken anemia virus to virus inactivation procedures used for blood products. | virus inactivation procedures are used to prevent contamination of plasma-derived blood products with viruses. pasteurization or prolonged dry heat has proven effective against several enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and provides an additional layer of safety for plasma products. | 2006 | 17076851 |
| [expression of the vp2 gene of chicken infectious anemia virus in e. coli and analysis of immunogenicity]. | the coding region of vp2 gene from chicken infectious anemia was amplified from genome extracted from chicken liver tissue by pcr. pcr product was double digested with restriction enzymes bamh i and sal i and cloned into pet-28a digested with bamh i and sal i. subsequently, the recombinant plasmid pet-28-vp2 was extracted and double digested with restriction enzymes bamh i and sal i. after confirming its rightness by pcr and analysis of restriction endonucleases, the recombinant plasmid pet-28-v ... | 2006 | 17172042 |
| anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus vp3 protein (apoptin) in rous sarcoma virus-induced tumours in chicken. | the anti-neoplastic effect of chicken anemia virus vp3 protein (apoptin) was investigated in vitro in rous sarcoma virus (rsv)-transformed chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cells and in rsv-induced tumours of specific-pathogen-free (spf) chicks in vivo. the apoptin gene was cloned in the pvax expression vector and in vitro expression of the recombinant vector pvax-cav-vp3 was confirmed. two groups of spf chicks, each containing ten chicks, were used. chicks in groups i and ii were inoculated with ... | 2006 | 16963752 |
| antitumor effects of a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin in vivo and in vitro. | apoptin is a chicken anemia virus-derived, p53-independent, bcl-2-insensitive apoptotic protein with the ability to specifically induce apoptosis in tumor cells. to explore the use of the apoptin gene in cancer gene therapy, we constructed a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing the apoptin protein (vfv-apoptin) and compared the tumor-killing activity of the recombinant virus with that of wild-type fowlpox virus in the human hepatoma cell line hepg2. we found that although cells were somewhat res ... | 2006 | 17036330 |
| the anti-nuclease humoral immune response of broiler chickens exposed to staphylococcus aureus, infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anaemia virus in an experimental model for bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis. | this study aimed to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibody associated with staphylococcus aureus that is produced during the chicken immune response to this organism. the protein nuclease was tested for suitability as an antigen to detect antibody in sera from broiler chickens that had been exposed to aerosolized s. aureus on day 1 post hatch during experiments to reproduce bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to ... | 2006 | 16854643 |
| apoptin nucleocytoplasmic shuttling is required for cell type-specific localization, apoptosis, and recruitment of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome to pml bodies. | the chicken anemia virus protein apoptin selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells while leaving normal cells intact. this selectivity is thought to be largely due to cell type-specific localization: apoptin is cytoplasmic in primary cells and nuclear in transformed cells. the basis of apoptin cell type-specific localization and activity remains to be determined. here we show that apoptin is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein whose localization is mediated by an n-terminal nuclear ex ... | 2006 | 16840333 |
| serological evidence of chicken infectious anemia virus in the united states at least since 1959. | a retrospective, serological survey was performed to determine an approximate time frame for when chickens were first exposed to chicken anemia virus (cav) in the southeastern united states. a serum collection covering most of the period between 1959 and 2005 was available for the present study. these sera were obtained from adult chicken flocks that were maintained in experimental chicken farms at auburn university's department of poultry science. sera were tested for the presence of cav-specif ... | 2006 | 16617995 |
| biological and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus isolates of indian origin. | in the present study, four chicken anaemia virus (cav) isolates (cav-a, -b, -e and -p) recovered from different geographical regions of india were characterized. cav genome of 1,766 bp nucleotide region containing the complete coding region of vp2 and vp3 proteins, and partial coding region of vp1 protein were sequenced. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the indian cav isolates were aligned and compared with cav isolates of european, asian, american and australian origin. phyloge ... | 2006 | 16384622 |
| cancer-selective therapy of the future: apoptin and its mechanism of action. | classical chemotherapy, that specifically targets rapidly proliferating cells, has been in existence for over eighty years and has proven to be fully successful in only a limited number of cancers. thus, this review focuses on a novel, emerging approach for cancer therapy that uses alternative, and more unique features of cancer cells. this new approach facilitates the selective targeting of cancer, while sparing normal, non-transformed cells. examples of molecules that kill cancer cells selecti ... | 2006 | 16410718 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of the vp2 gene of chicken anemia virus affects virus replication, cytopathology and host-cell mhc class i expression. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an immunosuppressive pathogen of chickens. to further examine the role of viral protein 2 (vp2), which possesses dual-specificity protein phosphatase (dsp) activity, in viral cytopathogenicity and its influence on viral growth and virulence, an infectious genomic clone of cav was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. substitution mutations c87r, r101g, k102d and h103y were introduced into the dsp catalytic motif and r129g, q131p, r/k/k150/151/152g/a/a, d/e161/162g ... | 2006 | 16528031 |
| biological and molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus isolates from slovenia. | the presence of chicken anemia virus (cav) in slovenia was confirmed by inoculation of 1-day-old chickens without antibodies against cav and isolation of the virus on the marek's disease chicken cell-msb1 line and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). experimental inoculation of 1-day-old chickens resulted in lower hematocrit values, atrophy of the thymus, and atrophy of bone marrow. cav was confirmed by pcr in the thymus, bone marrow, bursa of fabricius, liver, spleen, ileocecal tonsils, duodenum ... | 2006 | 16617985 |
| tumor-specific nuclear targeting: promises for anti-cancer therapy? | recent developments in anti-cancer gene therapy suggest that the idea of a magic bullet for cancer may not be a pipe dream. viral-based anti-cancer vectors for gene therapy have been used preferentially in this regard, but recent results from clinical trials have raised serious concerns as to their safety. for this reason, the development of non-viral vectors able to deliver drugs or suicide genes specifically to cancer cells is of paramount importance. in this context, great interest has been r ... | 2006 | 16621677 |
| chicken anaemia virus inoculated by the oral route causes lymphocyte depletion in the thymus in 3-week-old and 6-week-old chickens. | there have been many reports of the severe clinical disease and pathology seen in young chicks that have been vertically infected with chicken anaemia virus (cav). the disease is characterized by anaemia, and atrophy of the thymus and bone marrow. however, while it has been suggested that horizontally acquired infections of older birds are common, to date there has been no description in the literature of the pathology of this type of infection. in the present study, 3-week-old and 6-week-old ch ... | 2006 | 16753618 |
| inclusion body hepatitis as a primary disease in broilers in saskatchewan, canada. | in recent years inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) has emerged as an economically important disease in western canada. historically, infections with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) have been known to suppress the immune system of broilers and make them more susceptible to a secondary disease such as ibh. recently it has been reported that virulent adenoviruses are able to cause ibh as a primary disease in broilers without apparent involvement of ibdv and cav. th ... | 2006 | 17274293 |
| fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis are more sensitive to apoptosis induced by the viral protein, apoptin, than fibroblast-like synoviocytes from trauma patients. | fibroblast-like synoviocytes (fls) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) show characteristics of transformation. because the chicken anemia virus protein, apoptin, induces apoptosis solely in transformed cells, it was investigated whether fls from patients were more sensitive to apoptin-induced apoptosis than fls from normal joints obtained from trauma patients. | 2006 | 16762148 |
| characterization and phylogenetic analysis of brazilian chicken anaemia virus. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) was detected by a nested-pcr assay in field samples from different regions of brazil. the 539 bp amplified fragments of vp1 gene from 44 field samples were sequenced and 10 new nucleotide sequences of cav were observed. these sequences were phylogenetically analysed by mega2 using neighbour joining distance methods with 1000 bootstrap replications. phylogenetic analysis did not show correlation between cav pathology pattern and genetic groups. the 10 nucleotide sequen ... | 2006 | 16791412 |
| spliced mrnas detected during the life cycle of chicken anemia virus. | the existence of spliced mrna in chicken anemia virus (cav) was investigated, as three proteins appeared to be derived from a single 2.0 kb mrna species. human torque teno virus (ttv), which displays a number of genomic similarities to cav, is known to transcribe three mrna species, suggesting that cav may also have multiple mrnas. northern analysis of infected chicken mdcc-msb1 cells revealed a 2.0 kb mrna 3 h post-infection (p.i.) and additional 1.6, 1.3 and 1.2 kb bands visible at 48 and 72 h ... | 2006 | 16847118 |
| economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chicken--current status. | immunosuppressive viral diseases threaten the poultry industry by causing heavy mortality and economic loss of production, often as a result of the chickens' increased susceptibility to secondary infections and sub-optimal response to vaccinations. this paper aimed to present an up-to-date review of three specific economically important non-oncogenic immunosuppressive viral diseases of chickens, viz. chicken infectious anaemia (cia), infectious bursal disease (ibd) and hydropericardium syndrome ... | 2006 | 16883664 |
| viral load in 1-day-old and 6-week-old chickens infected with chicken anaemia virus by the intraocular route. | although the effects of chicken anaemia virus (cav) infection have frequently been investigated in young chickens, there have been few studies of the pathogenesis of cav infection in older birds. the aim of the work reported here was to study viral loads in 6-week-old chickens and to compare these with those seen in younger birds. specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated at 1 day or at 6 weeks of age with 10(4) median tissue culture infective doses of cav by the intraocular route. chicks ... | 2006 | 17121736 |
| [killing effect of vp3 on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line cne-2 cells]. | to investigate the killing effects of vp(3) on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line cne-2. | 2006 | 17062935 |
| epidemiological and experimental evidence for immunodeficiency affecting avian infectious bronchitis. | we evaluated the effects of viral immunodeficiency on the outcome of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) infection in chickens as a hypothetical cause for failure of adequate protection in vaccinated chickens. initially, we investigated ibv isolations from cases of respiratory disease in association with the presence of thymic and/or bursal atrophy in 322 submissions during 1997 to 2002. arkansas (ark)-type ibv was most frequently isolated in spite of extensive arkdpi vaccination in the broiler in ... | 2006 | 17121734 |
| apoptin t108 phosphorylation is not required for its tumor-specific nuclear localization but partially affects its apoptotic activity. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-encoded protein, induces apoptosis in human tumor cells but not in normal cells. in addition, apoptin also exhibits tumor-specific nuclear localization and tumor-specific phosphorylation on threonine 108 (t108). here, we studied the effects of t108 phosphorylation on the tumor-specific nuclear localization and apoptotic activity of apoptin. we first showed that a hemagglutinin (ha)-tagged apoptin, but not the green fluorescent protein-fused apoptin used in many pr ... | 2007 | 17223075 |
| apoptin is modified by sumo conjugation and targeted to promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. | apoptin, a protein of the chicken anemia virus (cav), represents a novel potential anticancer therapeutic, because it induces apoptotic death specifically in tumor but not normal cells. the cellular localization appears to be crucial for apoptin's selective toxicity. in normal cells apoptin remains in the cytoplasm, whereas in transformed cells it migrates into the nucleus and kills the cell. however, the manner by which apoptin is able to distinguish between tumor and normal cells is unknown. h ... | 2007 | 16924230 |
| [pathogenicity and genomic sequence comparison of a chicken infectious anemia virus field isolate]. | a field strain c14 of chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) was isolated from a 14 day-old broiler flock with growth runting syndromes. antibody reactions to inactivated vaccines to avian influenza viruses (aiv) were suppressed in spf chickens inoculated with c14 strain cav at 1 day-old. also c14 strain cav and reticuloendotheliosis virus demonstrated a synergism in immunosuppression when chickens were infected with both virus. the viral genomic dna was amplified by pcr in 3 overlapped fragments ... | 2007 | 18062269 |
| attenuation of chicken anemia virus by site-directed mutagenesis of vp2. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a significant immunosuppressive pathogen of chickens, but relatively little is known about the effect of specific mutations on its virulence. in order to study the virulence of cav, an infection model was developed in embryos. significant growth depression, measured as a reduction in mean body weight, was found for wild-type cav infection. infection with wild-type cav resulted in a significant reduction in thymic and splenic weights and consistently produced severe ... | 2007 | 17622619 |
| construction and biological activity of a full-length molecular clone of human torque teno virus (ttv) genotype 6. | torque teno virus (ttv) is a non-enveloped human virus with a circular negative-sense (approximately 3800 nucleotides) ssdna genome. ttv resembles in genome organization the chicken anemia virus, the animal pathogen of the circoviridae family, and is currently classified as a member of a new, floating genus, anellovirus. molecular and cell biological research on ttv has been restricted by the lack of permissive cell lines and functional, replication-competent plasmid clones. in order to examine ... | 2007 | 17714512 |
| a clinical case of chicken infectious anemia disease and virus dna detection in naturally infected broilers in greece. | in this study, chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) dna was detected from 12-day-old broilers. clinical history showed that the clinical features were diarrhea, blue wing disease, depression, and death. necropsy findings were pale liver, severe atrophy of bursa of fabricius and thymus, and discoloration of the bone marrow as well as hemorrhages subcutaneously and a few in skeletal muscles. the majority of the necropsied broilers had developed gangrenous dermatitis. histopathology showed hypopl ... | 2007 | 17626500 |
| induction of an effective anti-tumor immune response and tumor regression by combined administration of il-18 and apoptin. | immunization strategies using plasmid dna can potentially improve humoral and cellular immune responses that protect against cancer and infectious diseases. the chicken anemia virus-derived apoptin protein exhibits remarkable specificity in its ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal diploid cells. interleukin-18 (il-18) is a th1-type cytokine that has demonstrated potential as a biological adjuvant in murine tumor models. in this study, we analyzed the anti-tumor potential ... | 2007 | 16767432 |
| viral elements sense tumorigenic processes: approaching selective cancer therapy. | viruses can produce viral oncoproteins that drive multiple genetic alterations as the consequence of neoplastic transformation. viral proteins encoded by onco-related viruses such as polyomavirus sv40 or epstein-barr virus are involved in cellular processes resulting in imbalance between proliferation and cell death, knowledge of which continues to be crucial for combating cancer. on the other hand, viruses also generate viral components that, from a cold viral protein, can become a tumor-select ... | 2007 | 18045219 |
| [in vivo study on the tumor-suppressing effects of vp3 gene on nasopharyngeal carcinoma transplanted tumor]. | 2007 | 18051574 | |
| assessing the expression of chicken anemia virus proteins in plants. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important pathogen of chicken worldwide, causing severe anemia and immunodeficiency. its small single-stranded dna genome (2.3kb) encodes three proteins: vp1, the only structural protein, vp2, a protein phosphatase, and vp3, also known as apoptin, which induces apoptosis. in this study, cav proteins were expressed in plants as an alternative for recombinant protein production in animal cells. additionally, the effect of vp3 expression was tested to evaluate possi ... | 2007 | 17698236 |
| genome sequencing analysis of brazilian chicken anemia virus isolates that lack msb-1 cell culture tropism. | specific amino acid (aa) substitutions in vp1, vp2 and vp3 genes were reported as a distinctive feature of the american cia-1 strain, characterized as having a variable rate of growth and tropism for different msb-1 cell sublines [renshaw rw, soiné c, weinkle t, o'connell ph, ohashi k, watson s, et al. a hypervariable region in vp1 of chicken anemia virus mediates rate of spread and cell tropism in tissue culture. j virol 1996;70(12):8872-8]. dna sequencing of 878 nucleotides from twelve brazili ... | 2007 | 17196655 |
| torque teno virus (ttv): current status. | torque teno virus (ttv), currently classified into the family circoviridae, genus anellovirus, was first found in a patient with non-a-e hepatitis. ttv has a single stranded circular dna of approximately 3.8 kb. ttvs are extraordinarily diverse, spanning five groups including sanban and sen viruses. torque teno mini virus (ttmv) with approximately 2.9 kb genome also has wide variants. recently, two related 2.2- and 2.6-kb species joined this community. recombinations between variants are frequen ... | 2007 | 17146841 |
| apoptin studies illuminate intersection between lipidomics and tumor suppressors. | 2007 | 17164768 | |
| cloning and expression of chicken anemia virus vp3 protein in escherichia coli. | purification of chicken anemia virus (cav) vp3 protein, expressed in a prokaryotic expression system as histidine-tagged fusion protein is demonstrated in the present study. cav particle was obtained from infected liver of chicken and dna was extracted. the vp3 protein gene was amplified from the extracted dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and cloned. the recombinant expression construct (ptrc-vp3) was identified by pcr and sequencing analysis. expression of vp3 protein with a molecular mas ... | 2007 | 17258317 |
| identification of chicken anemia virus putative intergenotype recombinants. | chicken anemia virus (cav), the only member of the genus gyrovirus in the family circoviridae is the pathogen of chicken infectious anemia. it is unknown whether homologous recombination happens between cav strains. in order to gain insight into this matter, we have performed a phylogenetic analysis of full-length cav strains isolated to detect possible recombination events. two putative recombinants, sd24, sd22 and the putative parental-like strains were identified with the use of simplot progr ... | 2007 | 17618666 |
| effect of the vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus on canine mammary tumor cells. | to investigate the antitumor effect of the chicken anemia virus (cav) vp3 gene in canine mammary tumor (cmt) cells. sample populations: established primary canine cell lines that originated from epithelial cells of resected cmts and nonneoplastic mammary gland epithelial (mge) cells. | 2007 | 17397298 |
| biological characteristics of chicken anemia virus regenerated from clinical specimen by pcr. | our previous genetic characterization of chicken anemia virus (cav) in commercial broiler chickens in alabama revealed a previously undetected polymorphism: a glutamine codon at vp1 position 22, in 7 of the 14 sequences. the novel glutamine codon was always found in association with a vp1 "hypervariable region" identical to cav field isolates that replicate poorly in culture. the complete genome of cav73, representative of the sequences with the novel polymorphism, was generated from cloned poly ... | 2007 | 17461269 |
| mapping of epitopes of vp2 protein of chicken anemia virus using monoclonal antibodies. | to map the epitopes of vp2 protein of chicken anemia virus (cav), vp2 was expressed as a fusion protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the western blot demonstrated that recombinant vp2 protein could be recognized by sera of chickens infected with cav. female balb/c mice were immunized with purified recombinant vp2 produced in e. coli bl21 (de3) and seven vp2-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed. the results of western blot showed that all the seven mabs recognized the recombina ... | 2007 | 17481740 |
| creation of diversity in the animal virus world by inter-species and intra-species recombinations: lessons learned from poultry viruses. | the biological diversity within viruses is one of the largest found in all other forms of nature. many mechanisms contribute to virus diversity and include incorporating genetic material from the host, recombination between viruses belonging to the same or to a different family, and even recombination between viruses normally infecting different hosts. in particular, avian viruses can utilize all three of these mechanisms to generate new viruses. it is well documented that recombinations can occ ... | 2008 | 17922180 |
| interaction with pi3-kinase contributes to the cytotoxic activity of apoptin. | apoptin, a small protein from the chicken anemia virus, has attracted attention because of its specificity in killing tumor cells. localization of apoptin in the nucleus of tumor cells has been shown to be vital for proapoptotic activity, however, targeted expression of apoptin in the nucleus of normal cells does not harm the cells, indicating that nuclear localization of apoptin is insufficient for its cytotoxicity. here, we demonstrate for the first time that apoptin interacts with the sh3 dom ... | 2008 | 18059340 |
| evaluation of chicken anaemia virus mutants as potential vaccine strains in 1-day-old chickens. | the aim of the work reported here was to study the potential of chicken anaemia virus (cav) mutants as cav vaccine strains. seventy 1-day-old chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds, and at 1 day old birds were inoculated subcutaneously with rpmi medium, with mutants s77n, q131p, d186g or r/k/k150/151/152g/a/a, or with wild-type cav. at day 14 post inoculation (p.i.) one-half of the birds in each group were killed to assess the effect of mutants on their thymuses. at day 21 p.i., bir ... | 2008 | 18202958 |
| survivin knockdown combined with apoptin overexpression inhibits cell growth significantly. | the initiation and progression of tumor is regulated by multiple genes. survivin belongs to the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) family and is overexpressed in most types of human tumors. apoptin, originally identified from chicken anemia virus (cav), can specifically induce apoptosis of human tumor cells rather than normal cells. in this study, survivin expression was silenced by microrna (mirna)-mediated rna interference (rnai); meanwhile, the engineered mirna vector was also designed to e ... | 2008 | 18431086 |
| molecular epidemiology of chicken anemia virus (cav) in southeastern chinese live birds markets. | between january 2004 and december 2005, cloacal swabs from essentially healthy chickens and silky chickens from live birds markets in guangdong and hunan provinces in southeastern china were screened for chicken anemia virus (cav) by polymerase chain reaction. phylogenetic analysis of the major structural protein vp1 sequences showed no clear genotype cluster and no correlation with the geographic origin of cav strains. virus evolution at the amino acid level was very slow, which corresponds to ... | 2008 | 18459299 |
| interaction with ppil3 leads to the cytoplasmic localization of apoptin in tumor cells. | apoptin, a small protein encoded by chicken anemia virus (cav), induces cell death specifically in cancer cells. in normal cells, apoptin remains in the cytoplasm; whereas in cancerous cells, it migrates into the nucleus and kills the cell. cellular localization appears to be crucial. through a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified human peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 3 (ppil3) as one of the apoptin-associated proteins. ppil3 could bind apoptin directly, and held apoptin in cytoplasm even in tu ... | 2008 | 18474220 |
| backyard chicken flocks pose a disease risk for neotropic birds in costa rica. | pathogens of free-ranging chickens create a risk of disease for wild birds, some of which migrate to the united states, as well as potential economic losses for resource-poor farmers. free-roaming backyard chickens are commonly kept in shade-grown coffee plantations, habitats that attract large numbers of wild birds. the husbandry and pathogen prevalence of backyard chicken flocks in san luis, costa rica, were investigated. based on serologic evidence, newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngo ... | 2008 | 19166045 |
| the contribution of feathers in the spread of chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav) spreads vertically and horizontally, however, the process is mostly still obscure. to further clarify the horizontal cav spread, we examined the contribution of feathers. we demonstrated that cav could be amplified from dna purified from feather shafts of experimentally infected chicks, and the process efficacy was evaluated by comparing the amplification of dna purified from feather shafts and lymphoid organs of cav-experimentally infected chicks. dna from feathers wa ... | 2008 | 18177972 |
| inhibition of chicken anaemia virus replication using multiple short-hairpin rnas. | rna interference is becoming a powerful tool in gene-specific silencing. new generation vaccines against many pathogens will attempt to incorporate these molecules. here we report the efficient silencing of chicken anaemia virus (cav) genes in vitro using short-hairpin rnas (shrnas) targeting the region of the cav transcript encoding either viral protein (vp) 1, or overlapping sections of vp2/3 and vp1/2. the shrnas were first validated against a egfp-cav fusion transcript reporter system and th ... | 2008 | 18603312 |
| quantitative analytical technique applied to histopathology of birds infected experimentally by the virus of chicken anemia virus. | this research was conducted on ten glass slides selected from the histopathology evaluation chickens. five slides of control's chickens healthy and five slides of chickens infected experimentally with chicken anemia virus (cav slide) between one and twenty-one days post infection (pi), they were analyzed in magnifications of 200x and 400x. histopathology showed severe bone marrow hypoplasia to complete aplasia, fully depletion of the erythrocytic and granulocytic series, both accompanied by spac ... | 2008 | 18673510 |
| the c-terminus of apoptin represents a unique tumor cell-enhanced nuclear targeting module. | chicken anemia virus viral protein 3 (vp3 or apoptin) localizes more efficiently in the nucleus of transformed than nontransformed cells. although previous studies implicate the c-terminus of apoptin as being responsible, the molecular basis is controversial, and the extent to which altered nuclear transport efficiency in tumor cells may influence vp3 differential targeting unclear. here we establish that the c-terminus of vp3 (residues 74-121), out of the context of the full-length protein, is ... | 2008 | 18798550 |
| detection and characterization of chicken anemia virus from commercial broiler breeder chickens. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is the causative agent of chicken infectious anemia (cia). study on the type of cav isolates present and their genetic diversity, transmission to their progeny and level of protection afforded in the breeder farms is lacking in malaysia. hence, the present study was aimed to detect cav from commercial broiler breeder farms and characterize cav positive samples based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of partial vp1 gene. | 2008 | 18954433 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis in an oral cancer mouse model. | apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-derived protein, induces apoptosis in various tumor cell lines and xenografted tumors. its apoptotic activity is not hampered by tumor-suppressor p53 mutations or overexpression of anti-apoptosis proteins bcl-2 or bcl-x(l). we report for the first time the effects of apoptin expression in primary oral tumors, induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline- 1-oxide in immunocompetent mice. in vivo a significant amount of primary oral tumor cells expressing apoptin cell ... | 2008 | 18708764 |
| lesions in the thymus and bone marrow in chicks with experimentally induced chicken infectious anemia disease. | one-day-old spf chicks were inoculated with the cux-l strain of chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), and the clinical development of disease and its macroscopic and microscopic alterations in the thymus and bone marrow, were observed. tissue sections of thymus and bone marrow were stained using the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method and examined under light microscope for evaluation of antigenic intensities in tissues. those findings were then compared with blood parameters and elisa resul ... | 2008 | 18296884 |
| sequence and phylogenetic analysis of chicken anaemia virus obtained from backyard and commercial chickens in nigeria. | this work reports the first molecular analysis study of chicken anaemia virus (cav) in backyard chickens in africa using molecular cloning and sequence analysis to characterize cav strains obtained from commercial chickens and nigerian backyard chickens. partial vp1 gene sequences were determined for three cavs from commercial chickens and for six cav variants present in samples from a backyard chicken. multiple alignment analysis revealed that the 6% and 4% nucleotide diversity obtained respect ... | 2008 | 19294991 |
| value of apoptin's 40-amino-acid c-terminal fragment for the differentiation between human tumor and non-tumor cells. | apoptin, a protein of the chicken anemia virus (cav), consists of 121 amino acids (aa) and represents a novel, potentially tumor-specific therapeutic and diagnostic agent. the c-terminal part of apoptin (aa 81-121) is believed to contain a bipartite nuclear localization signal (nls) (nls1: aa 82-88 and nls2: aa 111-121), which is only active in tumor cells after phosphorylation of threonine(108) by tumor-specific cytoplasmic phosphokinases. furthermore, a nuclear export signal (nes) (aa 97-105) ... | 2008 | 18311587 |
| apoptin: therapeutic potential of an early sensor of carcinogenic transformation. | the avian virus-derived protein apoptin induces p53-independent apoptosis in a tumor-specific way. apoptin acts as a multimeric complex and forms superstructures upon binding to dna. in tumor cells, apoptin is phosphorylated and mainly nuclear, whereas in normal cells it is unphosphorylated, cytoplasmic, and becomes readily neutralized. interestingly, apoptin phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and apoptosis can transiently be induced in normal cells by cotransfecting sv40 large t oncogene, ... | 2008 | 17848136 |
| regulated nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of viral gene products: a therapeutic target? | the study of viral proteins and host cell factors that interact with them has represented an invaluable contribution to understanding of the physiology as well as associated pathology of key eukaryotic cell processes such as cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and transformation. similarly, knowledge of nucleocytoplasmic transport is based largely on pioneering studies performed on viral proteins that enabled the first sequences responsible for the facilitated transport through the nuclea ... | 2008 | 17933596 |
| field evaluation of maternal antibody transfer to a group of pathogens in meat-type chickens. | this study was conducted to evaluate the rate of antibody transfer on a flock basis from hens to their day-old chicks in meat-type chickens raised in a commercial setting. fifteen randomly selected hens from a commercial broiler-breeder flock were bled at 37, 40, and 45 wk of age. at day of bleeding, the collected eggs were identified and tracked through hatching where 30 hatchlings were randomly sampled and bled from the jugular vein. antibodies against 10 different pathogens were quantified fr ... | 2008 | 18648048 |
| unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus. | current clinical studies on human annelloviruses infections are directed towards finding an associated disease. in this review we have emphasized the many similarities between human anellovirus and avian circoviruses and the cell and tissue types infected by these pathogens. we have done this in order to explore whether knowledge acquired from natural and experimental avian infections could reflect and be extrapolated to the less well-characterized human annellovirus infections. the knowledge ga ... | 2008 | 18656506 |
| infectious bronchitis virus in the chicken harderian gland and lachrymal fluid: viral load, infectivity, immune cell responses, and effects of viral immunodeficiency. | we compared detection of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) by quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) in tears and trachea of ibv-infected chickens and found that quantitative detection of ibv rna in tears is more sensitive than in tracheal homogenates. furthermore, we demonstrated that ibv contained in chicken lachrymal fluid is infectious and that tears of ibv-infected chickens can be used to infect naive chickens. we compared the immune responses to ibv in the harderian gland and cecal tonsils of immun ... | 2008 | 19166051 |
| viral proteins killing tumor cells: new weapons in the fight against cancer. | 2008 | 18769128 | |
| negative modulation of the chicken infectious anemia virus promoter by coup-tf1 and an e box-like element at the transcription start site binding deltaef1. | expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) under control of the promoter-enhancer of chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) is increased in an oestrogen receptor-enhanced cell line when treated with oestrogen and the promoter-enhancer binds unidentified proteins that recognize a consensus oestrogen response element (ere). co-transfection assays with the cav promoter and the nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor 1 (coup-tf1) showed that expression o ... | 2008 | 19008385 |
| the selection pressure analysis of chicken anemia virus structural protein gene vp1. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is the pathogen of chicken infectious anemia. to clarify the driving force in cav evolution, we have detected positive selection in the structural protein gene vp1 by using maximum-likelihood models. strong evidence was found that vp1 proteins were subject to the high rates of positive selection, and eight sites were identified to be under positive selection using the bayes empirical bayesian method. interestingly, four selected sites (amino acids 75, 125, 141, and 144 ... | 2009 | 19125320 |
| nuclear drug delivery to target tumour cells. | cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. although enticing, the concept of a chemotherapeutic treatment directed towards a single target that kills tumour cells, without any harmful side effects or death of neighbouring cells is probably naïve, due to the fact that tumour cells arise from normal cells and share many common biological features with them. various means to damage/destroy tumour cells preferentially have been developed, but as yet, none are truly selective. howev ... | 2009 | 19836384 |
| molecular characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus circulating in argentina during 2007. | chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) is a worldwide-distributed infectious agent that affects commercial poultry. although this agent was first detected in argentina in 1994, no further studies on cav in this country were reported after that. the recent increased occurrence of clinical cases of immunosuppression that could be caused by cav has prompted this study. our results confirmed that cav is still circulating in commercial flocks in argentina. phylogenetic analysis focusing on the vp1 nuc ... | 2009 | 19848068 |
| pathological and immunohistochemical study of chickens with co-infection of marek's disease virus and chicken anaemia virus. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is the most important confounding pathogen in marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. the effect of cav co-infection at 4 weeks of age after inoculation of virulent mdv (vmdv, ks strain) or very virulent mdv (vvmdv, md/5 strain) in 1-day-old chicks was investigated by pathological and immunohistochemical studies. cav increased the mortality rates induced by vmdv or vvmdv. the packed cell volume was reduced significantly in vmdv-cav infection; however, no reduction or n ... | 2009 | 19937536 |
| relationship of torque teno virus to chicken anemia virus. | this chapter examines the correlation between torque teno virus (ttv) and chicken anemia virus (cav). each has a circular single-stranded (ss)dna genome with every one of its known open reading frames (orf) on its antigenomic strand. this structure is distinct from those of circoviruses. the genomic sizes of ttv and cav are different, 3.8 kb and 2.3 kb, respectively. while the spectrum of the ttv genome is enormously diverse, that of the cav genome is quite narrow. although a 36-nt stretch near ... | 2009 | 19230561 |
| [anti-tumor effects on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2 of recombinant fowlpox virus expressing chicken anemia virus apoptin gene]. | to investigate the anti-tumor effects and the mechanism of the recombinant fowlpox virus expressing apoptin gene on human laryngeal carcinoma hep-2. | 2009 | 19621600 |
| proteins selectively killing tumor cells. | all human cells have a genetic program that upon activation will cause cell death, named apoptosis. cancer cells can grow due to unbalances in proliferation, cell cycle regulation and their apoptosis machinery: genomic mutations resulting in non-functional pro-apoptosis proteins or over-expression of anti-apoptosis proteins form the basis of tumor formation. surprisingly, lessons learned from viruses show that cancer cannot be regarded simply as the opposite of apoptosis. for instance, adenoviru ... | 2009 | 19836376 |
| apoptosis-inducing proteins in chicken anemia virus and tt virus. | torque teno viruses (ttvs) share several genomic similarities with the chicken anemia virus (cav). cav encodes the protein apoptin that specifically induces apoptosis in (human) tumor cells. functional studies reveal that apoptin induces apoptosis in a very broad range of (human) tumor cells. a putative ttv open reading frame (orf) in ttv genotype 1, named ttv apoptosis inducing protein (taip), it induces, like apoptin, p53-independent apoptosis in various human hepatocarcinoma cell lines to a s ... | 2009 | 19230562 |
| chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav), the only member of the genus gyrovirus of the circoviridae, is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens and has a worldwide distribution. cav shares some similarities with torque teno virus (ttv) and torque teno mini virus (ttmv) such as coding for a protein inducing apoptosis and a protein with a dual-specificity phosphatase. in contrast to ttv, the genome of cav is highly conserved. another important difference is that cav can be isolated in cell culture. cav produces a si ... | 2009 | 19230563 |