Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| informed consent, risk, and blood transfusion. | informed consent for blood transfusion has become a necessity in light of the known risks associated with this service. all transfusion services should institute written informed consent that clearly defines the patient's options, including the use of homologous blood, autologous blood, and directed donations. the risk of transfusion with an infectious blood product is dependent on the number of donors per recipient and the prevalence of undetected, contaminated blood in the tested blood supply. ... | 1990 | 2366570 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies in southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 380 southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma and 152 controls were studied. antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) were found in 110 patients and 1 control. 184 patients had evidence of current infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 122 had had infection with this virus in the past. only 47 patients had no markers of hcv or hbv infection. among patients positive for hcv, there was a higher proportion of women and urban dwellers, and the average age was higher. in southern africa, ... | 1990 | 1691422 |
| [progress in the development of a detection test for parenteral non-a, non-b hepatitis--results of enzyme immunoassay for anti-hepatitis c virus]. | after more than one decennium of international research work the doubtless identification of the causative agents of the non a-non b-hepatitis (nanbh) has not yet been successful. 1988, however, a viral genome of the parenteral nanbh could be isolated, on which basis an eia was built up. by means of this anti-hcv-elisa altogether 413 sera were tested. in 262 sera of 154 women of a nanbh-group with homogeneous source of infection (contaminated anti-d-immunoglobulin) in 74% positive reactions were ... | 1990 | 1692438 |
| a cdna clone encoding a peptide highly specific for hepatitis c infection. | a random primed lambda gt11-cdna library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (hepatitis c:hc) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic hc. twelve lambda gt11-cdna clones encoding antigens associated with hc infection in japan as well as in the usa were isolated. of these one clone consisting of 114 nucleotides and showing a discrete band on an immunoblot analysis, was extensively studied. the clone is ... | 1990 | 1693349 |
| parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis: virus-specific antibody response patterns in hepatitis c virus-infected chimpanzees. | an established chimpanzee model of parenterally-transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis was used to define virus-specific immune response patterns in acutely and persistently infected animals. serial bleedings were obtained from 23 chimpanzees that had been experimentally infected with an isolate of hepatitis c virus, originally recovered from contaminated lots of factor viii (antihemophilic) materials. sera were assayed for the presence of antihepatitis c virus by a newly developed radioimmunoassay ... | 1990 | 1697546 |
| [diagnosis of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection: diagnostic value of the anti-hcv test]. | different groups of patients were analysed for antibody to hepatitis-c-virus (anti-hcv). a high prevalence was found in individuals with parenteral exposure (chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis, 77.5%, drug addicts 84.5%), while blood donors had a prevalence of 0.51%, this was significantly higher in patients with chronic type b hepatitis (30%), in homosexuals (22.5%) and in patients with different types of autoimmune hepatitis (57.2%). this indicates that differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis ... | 1990 | 1698329 |
| cloning of hepatitis c virus genomes and their properties. | a random primed lambda gt11-cdna library was constructed from donors plasma presumably infected by blood-borne non-a, non-b hepatitis (hepatitis c:hc) agent and immunoscreened with serum pooled from patients with acute or chronic hc. twelve lambda gt11-cdna clones were isolated that was shown to encode antigens associated specifically with hc infection in japan as well as in usa. of these two, as well as another clone which is specific only to japanese hc infection, have unique nucleotide sequen ... | 1990 | 1699832 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis specific antibodies directed at host-derived epitope: implication for an autoimmune process. | a cdna clone (gor47-1) bearing an epitope with an aminoacid sequence grrgqkaksnpnrpl (gor epitope) was isolated from the plasma of a laboratory chimpanzee infected with human non-a, non-b hepatitis (nanbh) agent. the epitope was not encoded by reported sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) but instead was coded for by a host cellular sequence. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for antibodies to the gor epitope (anti-gor). a patient with acute nanbh produced both igm and i ... | 1990 | 1701012 |
| prevention of hepatitis c in partners of anti-hcv positive subjects by periodic gammaglobulin administration. | since hepatitis c is sexually transmitted, this poses the problem of protecting the anti-hcv negative partners of anti-hcv positive subjects. since no specific prophylaxis exists for hepatitis c, i suggest that 4 ml of normal human gammaglobulin should be given to the anti-hcv negative partners intramuscularly every two months until a vaccine against hepatitis c virus is available. | 1990 | 1705805 |
| viruses and cancer. causal associations. | this review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. these include epstein-barr virus in relation to burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis b and c viruses in rel ... | 1990 | 1669491 |
| localization of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigen by immunohistochemistry on fixed-embedded liver tissue. | an immunohistochemical method of staining hcv-related antigens in fixed-embedded liver biopsies is described. two primary antisera were used: 1) a high titre anti-hcv human igg separated from an anti-hcv positive serum; and 2) rabbit anti-hcv antibodies. in our experience this method proves to be reproducible and shows a good correlation with serologic results. | 1990 | 1720059 |
| antibody to hepatitis c virus among cardiac surgery patients, homosexual men, and intravenous drug users in baltimore, maryland. | in order to define the risk factors for infection with hepatitis c virus, the authors determined the prevalence and incidence of antibodies to hepatitis c in three cohorts in baltimore, maryland, enrolled in prospective studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) infection. among 500 multi-transfused patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 1985 and 1986, 12 (2.4%) were hepatitis c seropositive before surgery while 19 (3.9%) developed antibodies in the 8-12 months after surgery. the seropre ... | 1991 | 1720924 |
| the use of interferon-alpha in virus infections. | the interferons (ifn) act too slowly to arrest acute viral infections, but interferon-alpha (ifn alpha) preparations have proved useful in some chronic infections and will clearly be used increasingly in these in the future. in the preparations derived from human leucocytes or cultured b lymphoblastoid cells, which are in routine clinical use, mixtures of a number of distinct subtypes of human ifn alpha have been identified. there are also 3 slightly different versions of the same single subtype ... | 1991 | 1723372 |
| hcv infection, hepatic hla display and composition of the mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in chronic alcoholic liver disease. | viral infection may play a role in alcoholic liver disease with histological features of chronic active hepatitis (cah). human leucocyte antigen (hla) hepatocellular display is supposed to allow hla-restricted t-lymphocyte cytotoxicity in chronic viral hepatitis. we studied the presence of serum anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibodies, the hepatic hla display and the composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in 16 patients with alcoholic liver disease and histological features of cah and in ... | 1991 | 1723384 |
| co-amplification of specific sequences of hcv and hiv-1 genomes by using the polymerase chain reaction assay: a potential tool for the simultaneous detection of hcv and hiv-1. | a rapid and simple method using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was devised for the co-amplification and simultaneous detection of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) specific sequences in the same serum sample. genomic rna was extracted from 13 blood donor sera that were reactive in elisa for both anti-hcv and anti-hiv-1. the extracted rna was reverse transcribed into cdna and amplified using nested primer pairs (sn01 and sn04; sn02 and sn03) based on the ... | 1991 | 1726173 |
| hiv, hbv and hcv seropositivity in hemophiliacs. | eleven cases of severe type hemophiliacs who had received long-term factor viii injections were tested for the serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus (hcv). the period of factor viii concentrate injections ranged from 2 to 32 years. the seropositive rates of hiv and hcv were 9/11(82%) and 11/11(100%), respectively. the seropositive rate of hepatitis b surface antigen was only 1/11(9%), while the seropositive rates of antibody to hepatit ... | 1991 | 1726973 |
| immunologic correlates of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in human t-lymphotropic virus infection. | previously we showed that mononuclear cells from about half of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)-seropositive persons exhibit spontaneous proliferation in vitro. we sought to determine if proliferation was associated with other immunologic changes characteristic of htlv infection. the parameters assessed were (1) percentages of lymphocytes expressing cd4 and/or cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor), (2) serum levels of soluble cd25, (3) serostatus for other viruses, (4) anti-htlv antibody levels, and (5 ... | 1991 | 1676916 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibody in an area endemic for hepatitis b virus and human t cell leukaemia virus. | to clarify the prevalence of concurrent infection with hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human t cell leukaemia virus (htlv), we measured hcv antibody in the population of a district endemic for hbv and htlv infection. blood samples were collected in june 1990 from 579 inhabitants of four islands of uwa bay in the southwest of ehime prefecture in japan. anti-hcv antibody against c100-3 protein was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ortho diagnostics). thi ... | 1991 | 1685926 |
| hepatitis c virus seroprevalence in italian haemophiliacs injected with virus-inactivated concentrates: five year follow-up and correlation with antibodies to other viruses. | the overall prevalence of anti-hcv antibody in a group of 125 haemophiliacs was 62%. four patients who had never received replacement therapy were anti-hcv negative. of the 121 patients injected regularly with commercial concentrates, 76 were already anti-hcv seropositive in 1985 and remained so throughout the follow-up. two patients seroconverted in 1987 without obvious signs or symptoms of hepatitis. our patients were treated with dry heat-treated concentrates since 1985 and with wet heat- or ... | 1991 | 1707952 |
| detection of antibodies to hepatitis c virus in u.s. blood donors. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) which utilizes a solid phase coated with a recombinant antigen (c100-3) derived from the hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome was evaluated for efficacy in the detection of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv). the sensitivity of the antibody test was demonstrated by the detection of anti-hcv in a well-characterized panel of human specimens known to contain the infectious agent of non-a, non-b hepatitis. the specificity of the anti-hcv test was evaluated by testing 6,118 serum spec ... | 1991 | 1709949 |
| hepatitis c virus antibodies among different groups at risk and patients with suspected non-a, non-b hepatitis. | 4000 sera were tested for antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) by means of an elisa using the c100-3 antigen. 38.9% of patients with non-a, non-b hepatitis following blood transfusion (n = 108) had hcv antibodies. among patients with chronic liver damage of unknown origin (n = 316) 30.4% were anti-hcv positive, and in 2,506 patients with transitional or chronic elevation of transaminases 14.8% showed hcv antibodies. haemophiliacs (n = 26) with 65.4% anti-hcv positives and drug addicts (n = ... | 1991 | 1711018 |
| identification of an immunodominant epitope within the capsid protein of hepatitis c virus. | we have isolated cdna clones from the 5' end of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis c virus. sequences encoding various segments of the hcv structural region were fused to the gene for glutathione s-transferase and analyzed for the expression of hepatitis c virus-capsid fusion proteins. with a set of these fusion proteins, both human and chimpanzee immune responses to capsid were studied. an immunodominant epitope was located within the amino-terminal portion of capsid that is preferentially reco ... | 1991 | 1711232 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to cytomegalovirus recognize viral epitopes on the surface of virus-infected cells. | four human monoclonal antibodies directed against human cytomegalovirus were produced by fusing sp2/hpt heteromyeloma cells with peripheral blood lymphocytes, after stimulation in vitro for 6 days. the human hybridomas have been maintained in culture for one year and secrete, when cultured in serum-free medium, between 3.1 and 8.1 micrograms/ml of antibodies/10(6) cells/24 hours. hcv-1 and hcv-2 are igg kappa, while hcv-3 and hcv-4 are igg3 lambda. the four monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitat ... | 1991 | 1714785 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and risk factors for serological evidence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). tests for anti-hcv antibody were carried out by enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia) on 101 hiv-infected patients from two university-based outpatient clinics. anti-hcv antibody reactive samples were tested by using a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) for hcv antibodies. fourteen of 101 (13.9%) hiv-infecte ... | 1991 | 1715384 |
| identification of an immunodominant b cell epitope on the hepatitis c virus nonstructural region defined by human monoclonal antibodies. | several ebv-transformed b cell lines (bcl) were obtained from two patients with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection that secreted igg class antibodies to the hcv nonstructural ag c100-3. two cloned bcl, derived from the same parental line, generated stable cloned lines that secreted up to 20 mg/liter of specific igg1(kappa). supernatants from oligoclonal and cloned bcl were also analyzed by immunoblot and all strongly reacted with recombinant polypeptides derived from the putative ns4 regi ... | 1991 | 1717573 |
| evaluation of a chimpanzee colony for antibodies to hepatitis c virus. | the chimpanzee is the only species other than man that is generally susceptible to infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv). aspects of future studies on vaccines and therapeutics for hcv may continue to depend on the chimpanzee. in an attempt to determine the hcv status of the animals in a chimpanzee colony, the recently developed enzyme immunoassay (eia) for antibodies to hcv was used. the results of the assay indicated that only 31.3% of the animals that had previously been inoculated with a non- ... | 1991 | 1717646 |
| outbreak of human calicivirus gastroenteritis in a day-care center in sydney, australia. | between january and march 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among children and staff at a day-care center in sydney, new south wales, australia. over an 11-week period, 53 persons had 101 episodes of gastroenteritis; some patients had 5 separate episodes. the principal etiologic agent in the outbreak, human calicivirus (hcv), was detected by electron microscopy in 32% of fecal specimens from children and staff members with symptoms but in only 8% of asymptomatic individuals (p less t ... | 1991 | 1645369 |
| prevalence of non-a, non-b hepatitis/hepatitis c virus antibody in laboratory quality-assurance sera. | quality-assurance sera (qas) are prepared from pooled sera composed of thousands of individual donations. previous studies documented that a substantial percentage of individual qas test positive for viral disease markers, including antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and to hepatitis b surface antigen. we tested 239 qas from various proficiency programs and commercial sources to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody. we tested samples for anti-hcv by using an enzym ... | 1991 | 1646689 |
| hepatitis c viral rna in serum of patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: detection by the polymerase chain reaction using multiple primer sets. | the recently introduced antibody test for hepatitis c virus infection has already proved to be valuable in many situations such as screening blood donors and diagnosing chronically infected patients, but this antibody assay has certain limitations. hepatitis c virus itself is usually present in clinical specimens at very low titers; therefore a useful assay for the virus must have very high sensitivity. we have developed a simple, highly sensitive assay for hepatitis c virus rna based on the pol ... | 1991 | 1648539 |
| the significance of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients with chronic hepatitis b. | we assessed the prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to hepatitis c virus among a cohort of 148 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus infection. sixteen patients (11%) had anti-hepatitis c virus detectable by enzyme-linked immunoassay. the results from eight of these patients were positive by recombinant immunoblot assay. the results of recombinant immunoblot assay testing were not consistent; therefore the analysis of the patients' data was based on anti-hepatitis c virus enzyme ... | 1991 | 1648540 |
| interferon therapy for acute posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis: response with respect to anti-hepatitis c virus antibody status. | to assess the effect of interferon therapy on posttransfusion non-a, non-b acute hepatitis, we examined the appearance of serum hepatitis c virus antibody (anti-hcv) and abnormal serum aminotransferase levels after the onset of hepatitis in 12 patients treated with interferon and in 46 patients treated conservatively. eleven patients were given 3 million units of human fibroblast beta-interferon three times weekly for 4 wk and 1 was given one million units of human lymphoblastoid alpha-interfero ... | 1991 | 1650129 |
| randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of eight-week course of recombinant alpha-interferon for chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | forty-nine japanese patients were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of alpha-interferon for chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: 24 patients received 3 million units of recombinant human alpha alpha-interferon (alpha-2a) thrice weekly for eight weeks, and 25 patients received placebo in a similar schedule. the mean serum alanine aminotransferase (alt) dropped from 155 +/- 91 (sd) to 69 +/- 72 during interferon treatment, but remained unchanged (158 +/- 140 to 147 +/- 13 ... | 1991 | 1654240 |
| use of conserved sequences from hepatitis c virus for the detection of viral rna in infected sera by polymerase chain reaction. | three oligonucleotide primer combinations selected from the 5' noncoding, the nucleocapsid and the putative nonstructural regions of the hepatitis c virus genome were compared in a nested polymerase chain reaction assay with respect to sensitivity and specificity for the detection of viral rna in chimpanzee-infected and human-infected sera. sera from both the acute and the chronic phase of the infection were obtained from 13 animals inoculated with five different non-a, non-b hepatitis strains a ... | 1991 | 1655606 |
| heterosexual co-transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | to determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in female sexual partners of multitransfused men with hemophilia and to compare the frequency of transmission of hcv and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1991 | 1656825 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in different populations in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) was investigated among different populations in taiwan, where anti-hcv was detected in 0.8% (24/2,994) of adult volunteer blood donors, 0.1% (1/1,305) of youngsters and children, 12.5% (8/64) of adult volunteer blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase (alt), 36.5% (23/63) of hemodialysis patients, 4.1% (13/318) of male homosexuals, 25.4% (16/63) of cases positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv), 82. ... | 1991 | 1657545 |
| failure to detect hepatitis c virus genome in human secretions with the polymerase chain reaction. | although hepatitis c infection has been clearly demonstrated to be transmitted through blood products or blood contamination, most cases of sporadic hepatitis c infection are unassociated with parenteral risk factors, and it is unclear how infection might be acquired by nonparenteral means. one potential mode of nonparenteral transmission is through body secretions. we used a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction assay to determine whether hepatitis c viral genomic rna could be ... | 1991 | 1657752 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of hepatitis c virus isolated from a human carrier: comparison with reported isolates for conserved and divergent regions. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis c virus derived from plasma of a human carrier in japan was determined. the cdna of the isolate (hc-j6) contained 9481 nucleotides and an additional t stretch of 30 to 108 nucleotides at the 3' end, and had one large open reading frame coding for a polyprotein of 3033 amino acids. it differed by 31.8 to 32.1% in the nucleotide sequence and by 27.4 to 27.7% in the amino acid sequence from an american isolate and two japanese isolates previously repo ... | 1991 | 1658196 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis in children: a clinical, histologic, and serologic study. | twenty-seven children with non-a, non-b hepatitis were studied with regard to their clinical, serologic, and histologic features. in contrast to adult patients, non-a, non-b hepatitis developed in most pediatric patients (19 out of 27) in the absence of identifiable parenteral exposure, probably because of fewer chances for exposure of children to blood or blood-contaminated products. perinatal transmission was considered possible in one of the patients. fulminant hepatitis had occurred in six p ... | 1991 | 1658219 |
| genomic structure of the human prototype strain h of hepatitis c virus: comparison with american and japanese isolates. | genomic rna from the human prototype strain h of the hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. the hcv-h sequence reported consists of 9416 nucleotides including the 5' and 3' untranslated regions. hcv-h shows 96% amino acid identity with the american isolate hcv-1 but only 84.9% with the japanese isolates hcv-j and hcv-bk. in addition to the hypervariable region (region v) previously identified in the putative e2 domain, three other variable domains were identified: r ... | 1991 | 1658800 |
| hepatitis c virus infection in infants whose mothers took street drugs intravenously. | to assess the risk of transmission of hepatitis c virus from mother to infant during pregnancy or at delivery, we measured the antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a recombinant immunoblot assay (riba) in serum from 43 infants whose mothers took illicit drugs intravenously. passively transmitted maternal anti-hcv was detected in 17 (40%) of the 43 infants tested with the elisa during the first 4 postnatal months. ten of these initially sero ... | 1991 | 1660070 |
| heterosexual and homosexual transmission of hepatitis c virus: relation with hepatitis b virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | a seroprevalence study was carried out on 1757 outpatients consecutively seen in a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic in order to evaluate the sexual transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv). a total of 1442 consenting patients were tested for hepatitis c, hepatitis b and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hcv, hbv, hiv-1) antibodies. the relations between anti-hcv, anti-hbc and anti-hiv-1 were studied. of 73 anti-hcv positive reactions, 45 (61.6%) were confirmed by the recombinant immun ... | 1991 | 1661241 |
| serological prevalence of hepatitis c virus in a population of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1991 | 1661417 | |
| hepatitis c infection in the health care setting. i. low risk from parenteral exposure to blood of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | many patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection have also been infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). to understand better the epidemiology of hcv infection in the health care setting, hcv antibody testing was done for 125 health care workers who had experienced parenteral exposures to blood of hiv-infected patients and for 33 control health care workers without such exposures. of the 158 health care workers studied, two (1.3%) had positive tests for hcv, both on the baseline ser ... | 1991 | 1661566 |
| use of a signature nucleotide sequence of hepatitis c virus for detection of viral rna in human serum and plasma. | the nucleic acid sequence of the putative 5'-untranslated (5put) region of hepatitis c virus (hcv), determined for samples obtained from a variety of geographic origins, was found to be over 98% conserved among all isolates. on the basis of this signature sequence for hcv, a viral rna assay was developed by using cdna synthesis with reverse transcriptase, followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the new assay was compared with the ortho-chiron c100-3 hcv enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to ... | 1991 | 1663510 |
| cohort study of hepatotropic virus and human t lymphotropic virus type-i infections in an area endemic for adult t cell leukemia. | we tested for antibodies to hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and human t lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) in 629 normal inhabitants of an adult t cell leukemia (atl) endemic area and in patients with atl, htlv-i associated myelopathy (ham), and hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) from the same district. the prevalence of serological positivity for each virus was 28.0, 6.4, and 32.6%, respectively, among the 629 inhabitants. there was a positive association between the presence of a ... | 1991 | 1665877 |
| infection control in dentistry. | the risk of transmission of infection within the dental workplace is low, but recent data have indicated that human immunodeficiency virus transmission between dentist and patient can occur, and that while nosocomial transmission of hepatitis b virus is now less likely, a small but significant number of staff may be at risk of hepatitis c virus and varicella zoster virus infection during dental treatment. despite these continued risks, shortcomings remain in cross-infection control in the dental ... | 1991 | 1666310 |
| serological and histological aspects of hepatitis c virus infection in alcoholic patients. | the recent cloning of the genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has allowed the detection of antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) in human serum. the presence of serum antibodies to hcv often indicates active infection with hcv. we have assessed the serological and histological features in a group of alcoholic patients with chronic liver disease and have evaluated the possible etiologic role of hcv infection in the development of liver damage. serum samples and liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 41 c ... | 1991 | 1667017 |
| branched dna amplification multimers for the sensitive, direct detection of human hepatitis viruses. | branched oligonucleotides (bdna) have been synthesized containing a unique primary segment and a set of identical secondary fragments covalently attached to the primary sequence through branch points. the primary sequence is designed to hybridize (directly or indirectly) to a target nucleic acid, such as hepatitis b virus (hbv) or hepatitis c virus (hcv) genomic dna or rna, respectively. the secondary fragments are used to direct the binding of multiple copies of a small oligonucleotide labelled ... | 1991 | 1668687 |
| hepatitis & hiv: prevalence of infection and changing attitudes toward infection control procedures in british columbia. | dental professionals attending the annual meeting of the college of dental surgeons of british columbia in june 1990 were involved in a survey to assess the prevalence of infection with hepatitis b, hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses, the acceptance of vaccination for protection against hepatitis b virus, and the compliance with infection control guidelines. participation was voluntary and anonymous and required completion of a questionnaire and donation of a blood sample. four hundr ... | 1991 | 1747815 |
| 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum during interferon treatment of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. | the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 as) activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum was measured in 23 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis during interferon therapy, 16 of whom were found to have antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv). patients received a daily dose of either 1 million, 3 million or 6 million units of human interferon-alpha or -beta for 4 to 6 weeks. before treatment, the 2-5 as activity was not significantly different from that in normal control sub ... | 1991 | 1752391 |
| severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis following autologous bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with high dose intravenous acyclovir. | a 17-year-old male patient with t-cell type lymphoblastic lymphoma in complete remission underwent high dose chemotherapy (busulfan 16 mg/kg and cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (abmt). the patient had been taking oral acyclovir (200 mg x 5) daily from seven days prior to the abmt (day -7). on day +24, he complained of epigastralgia and general malaise, and the next day his got and gpt rose to 570 u/l and 397 u/l, respectively. although he had no muc ... | 1991 | 1753418 |
| [prevalence of liver damage in alcoholics and drug addicts]. | the behaviour of drug addicts and alcoholics leads to the cooperation of risk factors concerning the development of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. the authors evaluate the prevalence of infections from b, c and delta virus among a group of 40 intravenous drug users and 40 alcoholics affering to a territorial centre for drug dependence located in valtellina (italy). the prevalence of at least one serum marker of virus b, c or delta hepatitis results to be 85% among drug a ... | 1991 | 1763228 |
| [clinical significance of virus markers]. | 1991 | 1774532 | |
| [elevated clq-bearing immune complexes in hemophiliacs with viral infections]. | one hundred hemophilia a and 30 hemophilia b patients who had been treated with non-heated and heated factor viii or prothrombin complex concentrates were examined by immunological tests including clq-bearing immune complexes assay. antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human parvovirus b19 (b19) were analyzed by western blotting, enzyme immunoassay, passive hemagglutination or radio-immunoassay. clq-bearing immune complex ... | 1991 | 1779453 |
| [viral infections in intravenous drug addicts. clinical and prognostic significance]. | a retrospective analysis of 135 drug addicts followed between 1986 to 1987, was done, in order to asses the seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis delta virus (hdv), hepatitis c virus (hcv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), as also their clinical and prognostic significance. a high prevalence of hbv, hdv and hcv infection was observed in this study: 81%, 64% and 83% respectively; in contrast just one case was positive for hiv. among the drug addicts the frequency of multiple ... | 1991 | 1785366 |
| inactivation of viruses found with plasma proteins. | plasma protein solutions such as albumin and intramuscular immune globulin have long histories of viral safety. coagulation factor concentrates as traditionally manufactured frequently transmitted hbv, hcv, and hiv. indeed, it is probable that every vial of concentrate contained infectious hcv. modern coagulation factor concentrates have a greatly improved safety record arising, principally, from the implementation of virucidal procedures. it is interesting to note that the same methods that fai ... | 1991 | 1786476 |
| specific inactivation of viruses which can potentially contaminate blood products. | the viral safety of intramuscular immune globulin and albumin has long been recognized. safety is the result of multiple barriers operating in concert, including donor selection, donor blood screening, immune neutralization, serendipitous inactivation and removal, and virus sterilization. experience on the transmission of viruses, most notably hepatitis a and non-a, non-b (hbv and nanbhv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), by coagulation factor concentrates prepared from large plasma pools ... | 1991 | 1794631 |
| [viral hepatitis]. | the advances achieved in the last years with regard to the knowledge features of viral hepatitis are included in this review. important features are the development of inactivated virus vaccine for hepatitis a; the right handling of serological markers which has permitted a more accurate view of the prevalence, transmission mechanisms, evolution, etc. of the different types of hepatitis the increasing use of vaccination against hepatitis b which allows to envisage a significative decrease in the ... | 1991 | 1820180 |
| [efficacy in viral inactivation of the concentrates of factor viii and ix by the solvent/detergent procedure. evaluation in patients with hemophilia]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and hepatitis virus b or c (hbv, hcv) transmission are major risks following infusion of coagulation factor concentrates. thus, several methods have been used to achieve viral inactivation of concentrates prepared from plasma collected from a large number of donors. in this study, 32 patients with haemophilia a or b (n = 31) or von willebrand's disease (n = 1) were treated between 1987 and 1990 only with factor viii or ix concentrates inactivated by t ... | 1991 | 1830653 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | 1991 | 1846395 | |
| variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of hcv corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and ns1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. | based on the flavi- and pestivirus model of genome organization for the hepatitis c virus (hcv) (1-5), the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative envelope (e1) and the junction between the e1 and ns1/envelope 2 (e2) region from six different human isolates of hcv were compared with the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the prototype hepatitis c virus (hcv-1) (5). the overall percentage of nucleotide and amino acid changes among all six isolates, including hcv- ... | 1991 | 1846505 |
| structure and organization of the hepatitis c virus genome isolated from human carriers. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major causative agent of posttransfusion non-a, non-b hepatitis, which often develops into malignant chronic diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. we have cloned from human carriers overlapping cdnas (9,416 bp) covering the entire coding region of the hcv genome. the latter encodes a 3,010-amino-acid polyprotein. in addition, there are 332 and 54 bases of 5' and 3' noncoding sequences, respectively. our hcv strain has a 77% nucleic acid id ... | 1991 | 1847440 |
| [breakthrough in human hepatocellular carcinogenesis--from hepatitis b virus to hepatitis c virus]. | since demonstration of causative relationship of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) and persistent hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, nation-wide preventive measures have made remarkable progress in japan. this will contribute to minimizing the probability to create new sources for hbv infection resulting in reduction of the incidence with liver cirrhosis and hcc due to hbv infection in the next generation. currently, however, hcc not due to hbv increased twice in the pastdecade up to three quarters ... | 1991 | 1848417 |
| genetic organization and diversity of the hepatitis c virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the rna genome of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) has been determined from overlapping cdna clones. the sequence (9379 nucleotides) has a single large open reading frame that could encode a viral polyprotein precursor of 3011 amino acids. while there as little overall amino acid and nucleotide sequence homology with other viruses, the 5' hcv nucleotide sequence upstream of this large open reading frame has substantial similarity to the 5' termini of pestiviral genome ... | 1991 | 1848704 |
| [genetic variation and heterogeneity of the human hepatitis c virus genome]. | 1991 | 1849184 | |
| public health service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis b and hepatitis c. | several infectious agents transmit through infected blood and blood products. to decrease the potential for disease transmission, donors are screened for risk factors by medical history and for evidence of infection by specific testing. the food and drug administration (fda) currently requires that all donations of whole blood and transfusable components as well as plasma for fractionation into injectable derivatives be subjected to a serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ... | 1991 | 1850496 |
| [viral hepatitis and blood transfusion]. | our findings show that hepatitis b-virus was transmitted by blood from two hepatitis b-surface-antigen (hbsag)-negative but hepatitis b-coreantibody (anti-hbc)-positive donors. blood donors and recipients were also tested for antibodies against the recently identified hepatitis c-virus (hcv). we found that two anti-hcv-positive donors with no known history of clinical hepatitis were chronic, infective carriers of hcv. the prevalence of anti-hcv in our blood donor population was 0.47% and alt and ... | 1991 | 1850559 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis c virus infection in taiwan. | the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus among chinese subjects in taiwan was evaluated using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. the overall prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus was 0.28% among 1,419 healthy subjects, 0.8% among 500 unselected paid blood donors and 0.4% among 793 pregnant women. the three offspring of the mothers positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus were all found to be positive for antibody to hepatitis c virus at birth but all became negative by t ... | 1991 | 1851491 |
| sequence analysis of the turkey enteric coronavirus nucleocapsid and membrane protein genes: a close genomic relationship with bovine coronavirus. | the 3' end of the turkey coronavirus (tcv) genome and the gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein (n) were cloned and sequenced. the gene encoding the membrane protein (m) was obtained by cloning a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fragment obtained using bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. furthermore, five tcv dna fragments, obtained by pcr on rna from clinical specimens and corresponding to either the n terminus of the m protein or the complete m protein were also cloned and seq ... | 1991 | 1856695 |
| abbott prism: a multichannel heterogeneous chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. | we describe a multichannel heterogeneous immunoassay analyzer in which a sample is split between disposable reaction trays in a group of linear tracks. the system's pipettor uses noninvasive sensing of the sample volume and disposable pipet tips. each assay track has (a) a conveyor belt for moving reaction trays to predetermined functional stations, (b) temperature-controlled tunnels, (c) noncontact transfer of the reaction mixture between incubation and detection wells, and (d) single-photon co ... | 1991 | 1893588 |
| recombinant human alpha-interferon in patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from france. | we have conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing two doses of recombinant human alpha-interferon for efficacy in 60 patients with chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis. the source of infection appeared to be transfusion in 30 patients, intravenous drug abuse in 16 patients and was unknown in 14 patients. patients were randomly assigned to no treatment or to treatment with either 1 or 3 mu of alpha-interferon given three times a week for 24 wk. forty-five patients (75%) were positiv ... | 1991 | 1900254 |
| [seroprevalence of hepatitis c in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients]. | prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis c virus (hcv) was evaluated using ortho and abbott hcv elisa assays and the abbott eia neutralization assay in 150 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive patients and compared with the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis d virus (hdv) markers. overall prevalence of hepatitis c virus antibodies was 29.3%; significant variations were seen across human immunodeficiency virus risk factor subgroups: prevalence was 10.2% in homosexual ... | 1991 | 1901984 |
| different types of chronic hepatitis in alcoholic patients: does chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol exist? | to verify the existence of chronic hepatitis induced by alcohol, the clinicopathological features of chronic hepatitis in heavy drinkers were studied using various viral markers. histological features of chronic active hepatitis were seen in 27 heavy drinkers. these patients were divided into four groups. the al group (seven cases) consisted of alcoholics who were negative for both hepatitis c antibody and hbsag; the hb group (four cases) was positive for hbsag; the hc1 group (seven cases) was p ... | 1991 | 1903124 |
| [hepatitis virus b, c and delta infection in carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus]. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) shares transmission mechanisms with some hepatotropic viruses, such as hepatitis b (hbv), c (hcv) and delta (hdv) viruses. | 1991 | 1903828 |
| the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv) in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in jakarta, indonesia. | the seroepidemiology of hbv and hcv infections in the patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in jakarta was investigated. the sera from 141 cases with acute hepatitis, 176 liver cirrhosis and 70 hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) were examined. anti-ha igm, hbsag, anti-hbc igm and anti hcv (ortho) were detected by elisa method. in acute hepatitis, 83 cases (58.9%) out of 141 cases were hepatitis a and 9 cases (6.4%) hepatitis b. the others were diagnosed non-a, non-b (nanb) hepatitis and ant ... | 1991 | 1909263 |
| let's look at human immunodeficiency virus look-back before leaping into hepatitis c virus look-back. | 1991 | 1909822 | |
| a randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon-alpha in chronic hepatitis c in hemophiliacs. | chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis c virus (hcv) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in hemophilia. we have used recombinant interferon alpha-2b (ifn alpha-2b) in a randomized controlled liver biopsy trial to treat hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis. eighteen patients entered the study, 16 of whom were subsequently shown to have antibodies to the hcv. all underwent liver biopsy at entry and were randomized to either treatment with self-administered ifn alpha-2b, 3 mill ... | 1991 | 1912556 |
| [hepatitis c virus infection in different risk groups and among blood donors]. | we have studied serological markers of viral hepatitis type a, b, delta and c in 7,713 blood-donors, 265 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hepatitis, 41 inmates of a mental and physical retardation institution and 41 health care workers at the same institution and 35 chronic hemodialysis patients. the results showed a 0.8% anti-hcv prevalence in blood-donors, but a higher percentage (47.5%) among hbv positive patients and in two different groups of the inmates at the mental institution (12.5 ... | 1991 | 1932242 |
| prevalence of hepatitis c virus infections among heterosexuals with multiple partners. | a study among heterosexual men and women with multiple sexual partners was carried out to assess the seroprevalence of antibody against hepatitis c virus (hcv). the 468 participants were recruited among visitors to the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in amsterdam. sera were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa; ortho), a recombinant-based immunoblot assay (riba; chiron), and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a total of 468 persons were tested, and seven (1.5%) were f ... | 1991 | 1940879 |
| severe chronic active hepatitis (autoimmune type) mimicked by coinfection of hepatitis c and human immunodeficiency viruses. | severe chronic active hepatitis, defined as the presence of a fivefold increase in serum aminotransferases and a twofold rise in gamma globulin for at least 10 weeks, is considered a progressive immunological liver disease requiring corticosteroid treatment, particularly when serum autoantibodies and a severe lymphoplasmacellular periportal infiltrate are found in the liver biopsy specimen. a 38 year old man who fulfilled the criteria for severe chronic active hepatitis is described. his sex, hi ... | 1991 | 1955176 |
| [acute viral hepatitis--present status and perspectives]. | recent advances in epidemiology, virology, of clinical of hepatitis are presented in the paper. the authors pointed out that hepatitis a never becomes chronic. on the other hand, with hepatitis b or b and d, evolution to chronicity is possible. two distinct forms of non-a non-b hepatitis are now distinguished: parenterally transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis, mainly due to hepatitis c virus; enterically transmitted non-a non-b hepatitis mainly due to hepatitis e virus. c virus hepatitis is charact ... | 1991 | 1366329 |
| tissue transplant-transmitted infections. | tissue bankers, as well as those transplanting tissues, have been sensitized to the possibility of transmission of fatal infection via tissue transplants, particularly following recent reports of a few cases of aids or hiv infection from bone, semen, and skin grafts. it is beyond the scope of this review to describe the steps taken by tissue banks to enhance the safety of tissue transplants. of note is the fact that a number of new donor screening tests, such as those for antibody to hiv, hbcag, ... | 1991 | 2003329 |
| interaction of immune sera with synthetic peptides corresponding to the structural protein region of hepatitis c virus. | comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence from the structural region of the hutchinson strain of hepatitis c virus (hcv-h) with four other hcv isolates clearly divides the five isolates into two groups based on sequence homology. the first group includes hcv-h, hcv-1, and hc-j1, while the second includes hcv-j1 and hc-j4. among the five isolates the first 190 residues (putative nucleocapsid) are highly conserved whereas residues 196-513 exhibit significant diversity and include a hypervariab ... | 1992 | 1373489 |
| hepatitis b and hepatitis c in emergency department patients. | infections with hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) are common in inner-city populations, but their frequency and interrelations are not well established. | 1992 | 1373867 |
| immunoreactivity for c-erbb-2 oncopeptide in benign and malignant diseases of the liver. | the immunohistochemical detection of the c-erbb-2 oncopeptide (p185erbb2) has been shown to be a valid marker for over-expression of this oncogene. to evaluate the possible relevance of gene expression to the proliferation of hepatocytes and bile ducts in human disease, the authors applied a monoclonal anti-p185 antibody to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 67 examples of benign proliferative and neoplastic hepatic lesions and fetal liver. focal membrane-based reactivity for the onc ... | 1992 | 1374219 |
| induction of cytotoxic t cells to a cross-reactive epitope in the hepatitis c virus nonstructural rna polymerase-like protein. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) have been found to mediate protection in vivo against certain virus infections. ctl also may play an important role in control of infection by hepatitis c virus (hcv), but no ctl epitopes have yet been defined in any hcv protein. the nonstructural protein with homology to rna polymerase should be a relatively conserved target protein for ctl. to investigate the epitope specificity of ctl specific for this protein, we used 28 peptides from this sequence to study muri ... | 1992 | 1376366 |
| [hepatitis serology: use and interpretation]. | presently five viruses causing hepatitis are known, the hepatitis viruses a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), d (hdv) and e (hev). the genomic structure is known of most of all these viruses as well as some of their structural and regulatory gene products. using radio- and enzyme immunoassays viral antigens can be detected for hbv and hdv as well as specific antibodies against all the five viruses. the results of these tests are the basis for the diagnosis and the follow-up of these infections but differ ... | 1992 | 1377839 |
| hepatitis c virus antigen in hepatocytes: immunomorphologic detection and identification. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) antigen was detected immunohistochemically using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled immunoglobulin g fractions from chimpanzee and human sera strongly reactive with recombinant hepatitis c virus structural and non-structural proteins. the antigen was localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in all 9 chimpanzees with acute hepatitis c, in 5 of 10 chimpanzees with chronic hcv infection, and in 11 of 12 patients with chronic hepatitis c. the specificity of the hepatocellula ... | 1992 | 1378804 |
| immunohistochemical detection of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in chronic liver disease with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 regions of the hepatitis c virus genome. | the localization of hepatitis c virus-infected hepatocytes in the human liver remains unclear despite the development of a serological assay for the antibody to hepatitis c virus. we studied their localization immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to core, envelope and ns3 antigens of hepatitis c virus. we examined 48 liver biopsy samples from c100-3 antibody-positive patients with chronic liver disease (chronic persistent hepatitis, 5 cases; chronic active hepatitis, 41 cases; cirrho ... | 1992 | 1379209 |
| immunodominant regions within the hepatitis c virus core and putative matrix proteins. | the complete amino acid sequences of hepatitis c virus (hcv) core (residues 1 to 115) and putative matrix (residues 116 to 190) proteins were synthesized as 18-residue-long peptides with an 8-amino-acid overlap. the peptides were assayed with 50 human serum samples with antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) and 46 serum samples without anti-hcv, as determined by several commercial assays. immunodominant regions were defined within residues 1 to 18, 11 to 28, 21 to 38, 51 to 68, and 101 to 118. the peptid ... | 1992 | 1380007 |
| spontaneous exacerbation of disease activity in patients with chronic delta hepatitis infection: the role of hepatitis b, c or d? | forty-six patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection were followed between 6 and 116 mo (mean = 32.8 mo; median = 24 mo). nineteen patients (41%) demonstrated clinical courses with episodes of biochemical reactivation (alt levels greater than or equal to 10 times baseline values [group a]). twenty-seven patients (59%) had stable clinical courses without biochemical reactivation (group b). patients in group a were younger than those in group b (30.5 vs. 35.3 yr; p = 0.03), were less li ... | 1992 | 1380478 |
| hepatitis c virus in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. | 1992 | 1380490 | |
| interferon-inducible gene expression in chimpanzee liver infected with hepatitis c virus. | the molecular host response to hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection was examined by isolation of hcv-induced genes from a cdna library constructed from chimpanzee liver during the acute phase of hepatitis c. two cdna clones, 130-7 and 130-51, were obtained by differential hybridization with cdna probes prepared from poly(a)+ rnas of infected and uninfected livers. northern blot analysis revealed that the 130-7 and 130-51 cdnas were expressed as 1.5- and 1.0-kb products, respectively, in chimpanzee ... | 1992 | 1381540 |
| seropositivity to hepatitis c virus (hcv) in saudi children with chronic renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. | twenty saudi children (mean age: 7.7 years) with chronic renal failure who had received several blood transfusions were screened for antibodies to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv) and antibodies to the various markers of hepatitis b virus (hbv). prevalence of anti-hcv antibodies was significantly higher in these patients (45%) than in controls (1%) (p less than 0.001). in contrast, the exposure rate to hbv was similar in both groups (15.0% i ... | 1992 | 1381899 |
| seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis c virus in sexually transmitted disease risk groups. | to identify the importance of heterosexual activity as a possible route for the transmission of the hepatitis c virus (hcv), a screening of antibodies against hcv (anti-hcv) was performed in 200 sexually transmitted disease patients with different risks for incurring genital infections as well as in 100 registered prostitutes. out of all 300 persons tested, 14 cases of hcv infection were detected. anti-hcv was present in 3 of the prostitutes and in 11 of the std patients. evaluating known risk f ... | 1992 | 1384151 |
| viral hepatitis in the 1990s, part iii: hepatitis c, hepatitis e, and other viruses. | acute hepatitis can be caused by a number of viruses, especially a, b, c, e, delta, epstein-barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. hepatitis a and b have been discussed previously in this series. the virus responsible for most cases of what commonly has been referred to as non-a non-b hepatitis has been tracked, and antibodies to certain proteins of this virus have been identified. this virus is now referred to as hepatitis c. the possible clinical outcomes after acute hepatitis c virus infection are ... | 1992 | 1385012 |
| immune response to a single peptide containing an immunodominant region of hepatitis c virus core protein: the isotypes and the recognition site. | we have used one single peptide covering the 17 n-terminal amino acids of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein (c) to analyse the human immune response against b-cell epitope(s) within this region. the sequence mstnpkpqrktkrntnr was obtained from two sequenced hcv genomes, and the peptide was synthesized by a newly developed method. the peptide was assayed with 144 human sera which had all been assayed for antibodies to hcv (anti-hcv) using commercial assays. forty-nine sera were found to be ... | 1992 | 1385318 |
| characterization of the liver cytosol antigen type 1 reacting with autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis. | an autoantibody to liver cytosol was previously described in childhood autoimmune chronic active hepatitis type 2. the antigen, liver cytosol antigen type 1, was for the first time partially purified using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, and it was characterized using immunodiffusion, immunoblot and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the immunoprecipitate. immunoblot detected a unique antigenic peptide at 62 kd from human cytosol and at 58 kd fr ... | 1992 | 1398495 |
| sequence analysis of the membrane protein gene of human coronavirus oc43 and evidence for o-glycosylation. | the gene encoding the membrane (m) protein of the oc43 strain of human coronavirus (hcv-oc43) was amplified by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of viral rna with hcv-oc43- and bovine coronavirus (bcv)-specific primers. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned 1.5 kb fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 690 nucleotides which was identified as the m protein gene from its homology to bcv. this orf encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with an m(r) of 26416. the gene is prec ... | 1992 | 1402806 |
| [incidence of hepatitis b, c and d infection in chronic liver diseases]. | the authors tested hepatitis b (hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc, igm anti-hbc, hbe, anti-hbe), c (anti-hcv) and d (anti-hd, igm anti-hd) virus markers in the sera of 204 patients, who suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver diseases (age: 18-72, average: 46.8 y) by sorin biomedica ria and abbott elisa kits. on the basis of detailed virus serological tests, they obtained data indicating viral etiology in 62% of the cases. 33.3% of the patients were anti-hcv, 52.5% of the patients were hbv ... | 1992 | 1408083 |