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biological re-description of a genetically typed, single oocyst line of the turkey coccidium, eimeria meleagrimitis tyzzer 1929.for the purpose of re-describing the eimeria species that infect the turkey (meleagris gallopavo) and to establish benchmark biological information linked to genetic markers for each species, a strain of eimeria meleagrimitis tyzzer 1929 was obtained from a litter sample from a turkey farm in minnesota, usa in 2008. multiple pure lines were derived by infecting turkey poults with a single oocyst; one of these lines was then used to re-describe biological and morphological features of e. meleagri ...201424481898
a rare case of cryptococcus luteolus-related tenosynovitis.a 68-year-old male with type ii diabetes mellitus presented with a nodule over the metacarpophalangeal joint of his right second finger after being spurred on the hand by a domestic turkey 2 weeks prior to onset of clinical symptoms. he was diagnosed with cryptococcal tenosynovitis caused by cryptococcus luteolus identified by dna sequencing. complete clinical resolution was achieved with synovectomy and debridement followed by 1 year of fluconazole 800 mg daily.201424481969
complete mitochondrial genome sequences from five eimeria species (apicomplexa; coccidia; eimeriidae) infecting domestic turkeys.clinical and subclinical coccidiosis is cosmopolitan and inflicts significant losses to the poultry industry globally. seven named eimeria species are responsible for coccidiosis in turkeys: eimeria dispersa; eimeria meleagrimitis; eimeria gallopavonis; eimeria meleagridis; eimeria adenoeides; eimeria innocua; and, eimeria subrotunda. although attempts have been made to characterize these parasites molecularly at the nuclear 18s rdna and its loci, the maternally-derived and mitotically replicati ...201425034633
assessment of aspergillus fumigatus burden in lungs of intratracheally-challenged turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) by quantitative pcr, galactomannan enzyme immunoassay, and quantitative culture.aspergillus fumigatus remains a major respiratory pathogen in birds and treatment is still difficult. we challenged different groups of few-day-old turkeys via intratracheal aerosolisation with increasing concentrations (10(5) up to 10(8)) of conidia using a microsprayer(®) device. the fungal burden was assessed by real-time pcr, galactomannan dosage, cfu counting and histopathological evaluation in order to provide a comparison of these results within each inoculum groups. significant mortality ...201425199572
molecular cloning and sequencing analysis of the interferon β from coturnix.one pair of primers was designed according to gallus and meleagris gallopavo interferon β (ifn-β) sequences published in genbank. the primers and rna extraction from the spleen of coturnix were used to amplify coturnix ifn-β cdna by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the product was cloned into peasy-t1 vector. evaluating recombinant plasmid by pcr and restriction enzyme digestion. sequence the cloning sequences, comparing the sequencing results by ncbi. we successfully got a coturnix ...201426155095
meat species identification using loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna.meat source fraud and adulteration scandals have led to consumer demands for accurate meat identification methods. nucleotide amplification assays have been proposed as an alternative method to protein-based assays for meat identification. in this study, we designed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays targeting species-specific mitochondrial dna to identify and discriminate eight meat species; cattle, pig, horse, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, and turkey. the lamp primer sets were ...201426761677
the haematological profile of female bronze turkeys (<i>meleagris gallopavo</i>) vaccinated with various commercial strains of newcastle disease.the effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. the present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (ulster 2c, b1, live lasota and inactivated lasota) of newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. all the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 ...201428235304
a nuclear dna-based species determination and dna quantification assay for common poultry species.dna testing for food authentication and quality control requires sensitive species-specific quantification of nuclear dna from complex and unknown biological sources. we have developed a multiplex assay based on taqman® real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) for species-specific detection and quantification of chicken (gallus gallus), duck (anas platyrhynchos), and turkey (meleagris gallopavo) nuclear dna. the multiplex assay is able to accurately detect very low quantities of species-specific dna fr ...201425477681
reference genes for quantitative gene expression studies in multiple avian species.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) rapidly and reliably quantifies gene expression levels across different experimental conditions. selection of suitable reference genes is essential for meaningful normalization and thus correct interpretation of data. in recent years, an increasing number of avian species other than the chicken has been investigated molecularly, highlighting the need for an experimentally validated pan-avian primer set for reference genes. here we report testing a set for 14 can ...201424926893
characterization of cytokine expression induced by avian influenza virus infection with real-time rt-pcr.knowledge of how birds react to infection from avian influenza virus is critical to understanding disease pathogenesis and host response. the use of real-time (r) rt-pcr to measure innate immunity, including cytokine and interferon gene expression, has become a standard technique employed by avian immunologists interested in examining these responses. this technique utilizes nucleotide primers and fluorescent reporter molecules to measure amplification of the gene of interest. the use of rrt-pcr ...201424899432
[amyloidosis in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo f. domestica)--a case report].high prevalence of leg disorders in fattening meat turkey farm was observed. four birds as well as tracheal and joint swabs were submitted to the bavarian health and food safety authority in oberschleissheim and to the institute of poultry diseases, faculty of veterinary medicine, free university of berlin. at the post-mortem, all birds showed an inflammation of the hock joints (intertarsal joint). the histopatholical investigations revealed a chronic inflammation of the joint and amyloid deposi ...201424881274
the haematological profile of female bronze turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) vaccinated with various commercial strains of newcastle disease.the effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. the present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (ulster 2c, b1, live lasota and inactivated lasota) of newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. all the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 ...201425686083
novel circular single-stranded dna virus from turkey faeces.recently, a novel group of unclassified single-stranded (ss) circular small dna viruses (called stool-associated circular virus; scv) were identified in fecal samples of three mammalian species, namely, chimpanzee (chiscv), pig (poscv) and cattle (boscv). in this study, a novel genomic relative of stool-associated circular virus (tuscv, kf880727) was detected in faeces of an avian species, namely, domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo). the complete tuscv genome is 2479 nt long and has two open r ...201424562429
using dynamic brownian bridge movement modelling to measure temporal patterns of habitat selection.accurately describing animal space use is vital to understanding how wildlife use habitat. improvements in gps technology continue to facilitate collection of telemetry data at high spatial and temporal resolutions. application of the recently introduced dynamic brownian bridge movement model (dbbmm) to such data is promising as the method explicitly incorporates the behavioural heterogeneity of a movement path into the estimated utilization distribution (ud). utilization distributions defining ...201424460723
genome-wide candidate regions for selective sweeps revealed through massive parallel sequencing of dna across ten turkey populations.the domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo) is an important agricultural species that is largely used as a meat-type bird. characterizing genetic variation in populations of domesticated species and associating these variation patterns with the evolution, domestication, and selective breeding is critical for understanding the dynamics of genomic change in these species. intense selective breeding and population bottlenecks are expected to leave signatures in the genome of domesticated species, suc ...201425421611
reproduction, development and habits of the large turkey louse chelopistes meleagridis (phthiraptera: ischnocera) under laboratory conditions.the bionomy of chelopistes meleagridis off the host was observed with the aim of better understanding the aspects of this species' life cycle. for this purpose, c. meleagridis adults were collected and maintained under controlled conditions to reproduce (35°c and rh > 80%), with turkey feathers as the food source. from the offspring of these lice, the development of 150 individuals was observed from the egg to the adult phase. these eggs were divided into two groups of 75 each. after hatching, o ...201425296223
genetic analysis of production and feed efficiency traits in an orlopp turkey line (meleagris gallopavo).1. genetic parameters for production and feed efficiency traits in the orlopp line of turkeys were estimated to determine breeding goals and future potential of the line in a long-term genetic improvement programme. 2. body weight, egg production and fertility traits were recorded and feed conversion ratio (fcr) was assessed from 16-20 weeks of age. 3. moderate heritabilities were found for feed intake and body weight gain (0.25 to 0.31). average fcr was 3.14, with heritability of 0.10. body wei ...201425248125
response of the hepatic transcriptome to aflatoxin b1 in domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo).dietary exposure to aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is detrimental to avian health and leads to major economic losses for the poultry industry. afb1 is especially hepatotoxic in domestic turkeys (meleagris gallopavo), since these birds are unable to detoxify afb1 by glutathione-conjugation. the impacts of afb1 on the turkey hepatic transcriptome and the potential protection from pretreatment with a lactobacillus-based probiotic mixture were investigated through rna-sequencing. animals were divided into four ...201424979717
a dominantly negative mutation in cardiac troponin i at the interface with troponin t causes early remodeling in ventricular cardiomyocytes.we previously reported a point mutation substituting cys for arg(111) in the highly conserved troponin t (tnt)-contacting helix of cardiac troponin i (ctni) in wild turkey hearts (biesiadecki et al. j biol chem 279: 13825-13832, 2004). this dominantly negative tni-tnt interface mutation decreases the binding affinity of ctni for tnt, impairs diastolic function, and blunts the β-adrenergic response of cardiac muscle (wei et al. j biol chem 285: 27806-27816, 2010). here we further investigate cell ...201424898585
accounting for tagging-to-harvest mortality in a brownie tag-recovery model by incorporating radio-telemetry data.the brownie tag-recovery model is useful for estimating harvest rates but assumes all tagged individuals survive to the first hunting season; otherwise, mortality between time of tagging and the hunting season will cause the brownie estimator to be negatively biased. alternatively, fitting animals with radio transmitters can be used to accurately estimate harvest rate but may be more costly. we developed a joint model to estimate harvest and annual survival rates that combines known-fate data fr ...201424834339
the potential for archiving and reconstituting valuable strains of turkey (meleagris gallopavo) using primordial germ cells.diseases such as avian influenza can destroy turkey flocks, potentially resulting in the loss of valuable or rare genetic material. consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a means to archive such germplasm. germline chimeras produced by intravascular transfer of primordial germ cells (pgc) have been reported in other avian species but not turkeys. this study examined the feasibility of both establishing an archive of frozen pgc, and producing germline chimeras by injecting the thawed pgc ...201424706956
next-generation sequencing strategies for characterizing the turkey genome.the turkey genome sequencing project was initiated in 2008 and has relied primarily on next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies. our first efforts used a synergistic combination of 2 ngs platforms (roche/454 and illumina gaii), detailed bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) maps, and unique assembly tools to sequence and assemble the genome of the domesticated turkey, meleagris gallopavo. since the first release in 2010, efforts to improve the genome assembly, gene annotation, and genomic a ...201424570472
comparative complete genome analysis of chicken and turkey megriviruses (family picornaviridae): long 3' untranslated regions with a potential second open reading frame and evidence for possible recombination.members of the family picornaviridae consist of small positive-sense single-stranded rna (+ssrna) viruses capable of infecting various vertebrate species, including birds. one of the recently identified avian picornaviruses, with a remarkably long (>9,040-nucleotide) but still incompletely sequenced genome, is turkey hepatitis virus 1 (thv-1; species melegrivirus a, genus megrivirus), a virus associated with liver necrosis and enteritis in commercial turkeys (meleagris gallopavo). this report pr ...201424672039
comparative cytogenomics of poultry: mapping of single gene and repeat loci in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).well-characterized molecular and cytogenetic maps are yet to be established in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the aim of the current study was to cytogenetically map and determine linkage of specific genes and gene complexes in japanese quail through the use of chicken (gallus gallus) and turkey (meleagris gallopavo) genomic dna probes and conduct a comparative study among the three genomes. chicken and turkey clones were used as probes on mitotic metaphase and meiotic pachytene stage chrom ...201424604153
salmonella oranienburg isolated from horses, wild turkeys and an edible home garden fertilized with raw horse manure.in july 2010, a horse from a rural farm (farm a) in coastal northern california was diagnosed with salmonella oranienburg infection following referral to a veterinary hospital for colic surgery. environmental sampling to identify potential sources and persistence of salmonella on the farm was conducted from august 2010 to march 2011. salmonella was cultured using standard enrichment and selective plating. pure colonies were confirmed by biochemical analysis, serotyped and compared by pulsed-fiel ...201423425126
functional significance of ultraviolet feeding cues in wild turkeys.most birds are able to sense ultraviolet (uv) visual signals. ultraviolet wavelengths are used for plumage signaling and sexual selection among birds. the aim of our study was to determine if uv cues are also used for the process of food selection in wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo). we used avoidance conditioning to test the hypothesis that uv feeding cues can be used functionally for foraging behavior in wild turkeys. female turkeys exhibited no avoidance of untreated food and 75–98% avoidan ...201424432358
dilated cardiomyopathy in a rio grande wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) in southern utah, usa, 2013.a male rio grande wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) living in semidomestication was submitted for necropsy. emaciation, a greatly enlarged heart, and chronic passive congestion of the liver were present. dilated cardiomyopathy occurs in domestic turkey flocks but has not been reported in wild turkeys.201525919467
molecular detection of adulteration in chicken products based on mitochondrial 12s rrna gene.the aim of this study is to detect the fraudulent in chicken products constitutes in order to protect consumers in saudi arabia from illegal substitutions. two different approaches were used in this study, direct sequencing of specific fragments of amplified mitochondrial 12s rrna gene in addition to species-specific pcr primers for confirmation of the obtained blast search results. the results showed that all processed chicken products were identified as chicken (gallus gallus) by 90-98% homolo ...201524102598
ultrastructural study of two parasites infecting domesticated turkey meleagris gallopavo linnaeus, 1758 (galliformes: meleagridinae) qena, egypt.the work gave a detailed systematic morphology by optic and scan electron microscopy of two parasites; raillietina echinobothriida megnin, 1880 and spirora meleagaris n. sp. infecting domesticated turkey, with some important description characters. sem revealed that tegument of r. echinobothriida exhibits, filamentous, microtriches and sensory papillae densely covered the tegument of entire body, rostellum armed with two rows of hummer-shaped hooks and provide by 16-20 rows of small, rose thorn- ...201526485852
mitochondrial dna-based analyses of relatedness among turkeys, meleagris gallopavo.the domesticated turkey, meleagris gallopavo, is believed to be a single breed with several varieties whose relatedness and origins remain poorly understood. using the mitochondrial genome sequence (genbank accession no. ef153719) that our group first reported, we investigated the relationships among 15 of the most widely occurring turkey varieties using d-loop and 16s rna sequences. we included, as a non-traditional outgroup, mtdna sequence information from wild turkey varieties. a total of 24 ...201525820210
expression of the androgen receptor in the testes and the concentrations of gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones in male turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) during growth and development.androgens, including testosterone (t) and androstenedione (a4), are essential for puberty, fertility and sexual functions. the biological activity of those hormones is mediated via the androgen receptor (ar). the regulation of androgen action in birds is poorly understood. therefore, the present study analysed mrna and protein expression of ar in the testes, plasma concentrations of the luteinizing hormone (lh), follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh), t, a4 and oestradiol (e2), as well as the levels ...201525072891
ontogeny of an iridescent nanostructure composed of hollow melanosomes.iridescent colors in feathers are some of the brightest in nature, and are produced by coherent light scattering from periodic arrangements of melanosomes (melanin-containing organelles). hollow melanosomes, an evolutionary innovation largely restricted to birds, contain an optically powerful combination of high and low refractive indices (from the melanin and air, respectively) that enables production of brighter and more saturated colors than solid melanosomes. however, despite their significa ...201525427951
diagnosing lymphoproliferative disease virus in live wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) using whole blood.lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) is a retrovirus that infects wild and domestic turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ). the first cases of lpdv in the united states were diagnosed in 2009, and subsequent surveillance has revealed the virus to be widespread in wild turkey populations throughout the eastern half of the country. more research is needed to determine whether lpdv is having a negative effect on turkey populations, but progress has been impeded by the lack of a simple method for diagn ...201526667537
use of deslorelin acetate implants to mitigate aggression in two adult male domestic turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and correlating plasma testosterone concentrations.two adult, male domestic turkeys were treated with implants of deslorelin acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, to reduce intermale aggression and aggression directed toward the animal care team at a zoologic institution. the turkeys were manually restrained and either two 4.7-mg or two 9.4-mg implants were placed within the pectoral musculature on 3 occasions over the course of approximately 1.5 years. plasma testosterone concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay every 2 wee ...201526378669
unique genomic organization of a novel avipoxvirus detected in turkey (meleagris gallopavo).avipoxviruses are emerging pathogens affecting over 200 bird species worldwide. genetic characterization of avipoxviruses is performed by analysis of genomic regions encoding the 4b and dna polymerase. whole genome sequence data are limited to a few avipoxvirus isolates. based on phylogenetic analysis three major genetic clades are distinguished. in this study we report a novel avipoxvirus strain causing skin lesions in domestic turkey. the virus was identified in hungary during 2011 in a flock ...201526282613
behavioural assessment of pain in commercial turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) with foot pad dermatitis.two experiments were conducted to investigate the differences in susceptibility to foot pad dermatitis (fpd) of two medium-heavy lines of turkeys, and whether fpd is painful, by detailed analysis of behaviour in birds with and without analgesic treatment (betamethasone). turkeys housed on dry litter in the first experiment generally had more frequent bouts of different behaviours that were of shorter duration than birds on wet litter. t-patterns (behavioural sequences) were more frequent, varied ...201526248066
proteomic analysis of white and yellow seminal plasma in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo).yellow semen syndrome (yss) is endemic within domestic turkey populations. yellow semen is of lower quality and, when used for insemination, results in reduced fertility and hatchability. little is known about the etiology of yss. the aim of this study was to compare the proteome of white and yellow seminal plasma of turkeys using 1) 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige) to quantify seminal plasma proteins and 2) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to i ...201526115266
hepatocyte growth factor activator is a potential target proteinase for kazal-type inhibitor in turkey (meleagris gallopavo) seminal plasma.a peculiar characteristic of turkey seminal plasma is the increased activity of serine proteinases. it is of interest if the single-domain kazal-type inhibitor controls the activity of turkey seminal plasma proteinases. pure preparations of the kazal-type inhibitor and anti-kazal-type inhibitor monospecific immunoglobulin gs were used as ligands in affinity chromatography for proteinase isolation from turkey seminal plasma. gene expression and the immunohistochemical detection of the single-doma ...201525930730
molecular surveillance for lymphoproliferative disease virus in wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) from the eastern united states.lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) is a poorly understood, oncogenic avian retrovirus of domestic turkeys that has historically been restricted to europe and israel. however, a recent study reported lpdv in multiple wild turkey diagnostic cases from throughout the eastern united states of america (usa). to better understand the distribution of lpdv in the eastern usa, we surveyed 1,164 reportedly asymptomatic hunter-harvested wild turkeys from 17 states for the presence of lpdv proviral dn ...201525897755
concentrations of the adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticosterone and sex steroid hormones and the expression of the androgen receptor in the pituitary and adrenal glands of male turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) during growth and development.androgens take part in the regulation of puberty and promote growth and development. they play their biological role by binding to a specific androgen receptor (ar). the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of ar mrna and protein in the pituitary and adrenal glands, to localize ar protein in luteinizing hormone (lh)-producing pituitary and adrenocortical cells, to determine plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and corticosterone and the concentrations of cortic ...201525776460
mineralization-related modifications in the calcifying tendons of turkey (meleagris gallopavo).the tendons of some birds undergo a physiological process of gradual mineralization, usually limited to the central portion of the tendon and resulting in an increase of the elastic modulus and the ultimate strength. the present study was carried out by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and was focused on the structural and ultrastructural modifications occurring in this tissue during biomineralization. in comparison with most other tendons, turkey tendons appeared to be more fin ...201525698547
modulation of the spleen transcriptome in domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo) in response to aflatoxin b1 and probiotics.poultry are highly susceptible to the immunotoxic effects of the food-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin b1 (afb1). exposure impairs cell-mediated and humoral immunity, limits vaccine efficacy, and increases the incidence of costly secondary infections. we investigated the molecular mechanisms of afb1 immunotoxicity and the ability of a lactobacillus-based probiotic to protect against aflatoxicosis in the domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo). the spleen transcriptome was examined by rna sequencing (rna- ...201525597949
cloning, sequencing, and expression of selenoprotein transcripts in the turkey (meleagris gallopavo).the minimum se requirement for male turkey poults is 0.3 μg se/g--three times higher than requirements found in rodents--based on liver and gizzard glutathione peroxidase-4 (gpx4) and gpx1 activities. in addition, turkey liver gpx4 activity is 10-fold higher and gpx1 activity is 10-fold lower than in rats, and both gpx1 and gpx4 mrna levels are dramatically down-regulated by se deficiency. currently, the sequences of all annotated turkey selenoprotein transcripts and proteins in the ncbi databas ...201526070131
serologic survey of wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and evidence of exposure to avian encephalomyelitis virus in georgia and florida, usa.wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) are susceptible to many of the same diseases as domestic turkeys. before 2005, most wild turkeys in southern georgia, us, had little or no exposure to commercial poultry operations. as part of a pathogen survey examining the effects of commercial poultry on wild turkeys, samples were collected from wild turkeys from march 2005 through may 2008. the turkeys were collected from 13 counties in southern georgia and madison county, florida, and tested for antibodies ...201525647602
use of fta technology for detection of trichomonas gallinae.trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent for avian trichomonosis, which can have important population implications for domestic turkeys, columbids, raptors, and various passeriformes. continued population surveillance and genotype distribution is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and prevalence of t. gallinae among free-ranging birds. however, obtaining live cultures for laboratory testing is logistically challenging, limiting the ability to perform surveillance and genotype investiga ...201526228104
host specificity of turkey and chicken eimeria: controlled cross-transmission studies and a phylogenetic view.protozoan parasites of the eimeria genus have undergone extensive speciation and are now represented by a myriad of species that are specialised to different hosts. these species are highly host-specific and usually parasitise single host species, with only few reported exceptions. doubts regarding the strict host specificity were frequent in the original literature describing coccidia parasitising domestic turkeys. the availability of pure characterised lines of turkey and chicken eimeria speci ...201525660426
molecular phylogeny of some avian species using cytochrome b gene sequence analysis.veritable identification and differentiation of avian species is a vital step in conservative, taxonomic, forensic, legal and other ornithological interventions. therefore, this study involved the application of molecular approach to identify some avian species i.e. chicken (gallus gallus), muskovy duck (cairina moschata), japanese quail (coturnix japonica), laughing dove (streptopelia senegalensis), and rock pigeon (columba livia). genomic dna was extracted from blood samples and partial sequen ...201527175180
expression of adiponectin, chemerin and visfatin in plasma and different tissues during a laying season in turkeys.in mammals, adipose tissue is able to secrete various hormones called adipokines including adiponectin (adp), chemerin (chem) and visfatin (visf) which are involved in controlling energy metabolism as well as reproductive functions. visf receptor is still unknown whereas adp and chem mainly act through adipor1, adipor2 and cmklr1 and gpr1 receptors, respectively. no studies have yet demonstrated the presence of these three adipokines in peripheral tissues, ovarian cells or turkey plasma. here, w ...201526228641
molecular cloning and characterization, and prokaryotic expression of the gnrh1 gene obtained from jinghai yellow chicken.the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) plays an important role in the control of reproductive functions. recent studies have reported the occurrence of gnrh molecular variants in numerous species. in this study, the gnrh1 gene from jinghai yellow chicken was cloned by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and transformed into bl21 (de3) competent cells. the gnrh1 gene and amino acid sequences were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. the gnrh1 gene nucleotide sequence was discovered ...201525867433
the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of eimeria innocua (eimeriidae, coccidia, apicomplexa).the complete mitochondrial genome of eimeria innocua kr strain (eimeriidae, coccidia, apicomplexa) was sequenced. this coccidium infects turkeys (meleagris gallopavo), bobwhite quails (colinus virginianus), and grey partridges (perdix perdix). genome organization and gene contents were comparable with other eimeria spp. infecting galliform birds. the circular-mapping mt genome of e. innocua is 6247 bp in length with three protein-coding genes (cox1, cox3, and cytb), 19 gene fragments encoding la ...201626099978
mortality and disease in wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in ontario, canada, from 1992 to 2014: a retrospective review.wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo silvestris) were extirpated from ontario, canada, in the early 1900s due to unregulated over-hunting and habitat loss. despite a successful reintroduction program and strong population numbers, information regarding the health of wild turkeys in ontario is scarce. a 22-yr (1992-2014) retrospective study was performed to evaluate diagnostic data, including the cause(s) and contributors to death, in wild turkeys submitted to the ontario-nunavut node of the canadi ...201627610724
chicken cathelicidins as potent intrinsically disordered biocides with antimicrobial activity against infectious pathogens.this study was performed to identify the expression patterns of the cathelicidin genes in a local chicken breed and to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the cathelicidin peptides against pathogenic bacteria. this analysis revealed that the coding regions of cath-1, -2, and -3 genes contain 447 bp, 465 bp, and 456 bp, respectively, and encode proteins of 148, 154, 151 amino acids, respectively. the complete amino acid sequences of the cathelicidin peptides are similar to those found in mel ...201627328070
identification of cr1 retroposons in arborophila rufipectus and their application to phasianidae phylogeny.chicken repeat 1 (cr1), a member of non-ltr retroposon, is an important phylogenetic marker in avian systematics. in this study, we reported several characteristics of cr1 elements in a draft genome of arborophila rufipectus (sichuan partridge). according to the analyses of repeatmasker, approximately 254 966 cr1 elements were identified in a. rufipectus, covering 6.7% of the genome. subsequently, we selected eighteen novel cr1 elements by comparing the chicken genome, turkey genome and assemble ...201626929266
targeted capture enrichment and sequencing identifies extensive nucleotide variation in the turkey mhc-b.variation in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is increasingly associated with disease susceptibility and resistance in avian species of agricultural importance. this variation includes sequence polymorphisms but also structural differences (gene rearrangement) and copy number variation (cnv). the mhc has now been described for multiple galliform species including the best defined assemblies of the chicken (gallus gallus) and domestic turkey (meleagris gallopavo). using this sequence re ...201626729471
influence of season and sex on hemato-biochemical traits in adult turkeys under arid tropical environment.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of season and sex on hemato-biochemical parameters of turkey (meleagris gallopavo) in the arid tropical environment.201627284232
a retrospective study of causes of skin lesions in wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in the eastern usa, 1975-2013.skin lesions of wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) are a common cause of concern to wildlife biologists and the general public and are a frequent reason for submission to diagnostic laboratories. the purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the causes, occurrence, and epidemiologic patterns of skin lesions in wild turkeys in the eastern us. skin lesions were diagnosed in 30% (n=199) of the 660 wild turkey samples submitted to the southeastern cooperative wildlife disease study diagno ...201627195689
baruscapillaria obsignata: a serious cause of enteropathy and high mortality in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo).capillariasis, an important parasitic disease of birds is caused at least by seven different genera of trichurid nematodes with clinical outcome ranging from mild enteritis to high mortality.201627161590
selenoprotein transcript level and enzyme activity as biomarkers for selenium status and selenium requirements in the turkey (meleagris gallopavo).the current national research council (nrc) selenium (se) requirement for the turkey is 0.2 μg se/g diet. the sequencing of the turkey selenoproteome offers additional molecular biomarkers for assessment of se status. to determine dietary se requirements using selenoprotein transcript levels and enzyme activities, day-old male turkey poults were fed a se-deficient diet supplemented with graded levels of se (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 μg se/g diet) as selenite, and 12.5x t ...201627008545
structure and age-dependent development of the turkey liver: a comparative study of a highly selected meat-type and a wild-type turkey line.in this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the liver of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (british united turkeys but big 6, n=25) and a wild-type turkey line (wild canadian turkey, n=48) were compared at the age of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wk. because the growth plates of long bones were still detectable in the 20-week-old wild-type turkeys, indicating immaturity, a group of 8 wild-type turkeys at the age of 24 wk was included in the original scope of the study. over the term of ...201626908884
the effect of transport stress on turkey (meleagris gallopavo) liver acute phase proteins gene expression.the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transport-related stress on the liver gene expression of four acute phase proteins (app), namely α1-acid glycoprotein (agp), c-reactive protein (crp), serum amyloid a (saa) and pit54, in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo). a group of seven but big 6 commercial hens was subjected to a two-hour long road transportation and the quantitative gene expression of app in the liver was compared to that of a non transported control group. the expression o ...201626850544
impacts of short-rotation early-growing season prescribed fire on a ground nesting bird in the central hardwoods region of north america.landscape-scale short-rotation early-growing season prescribed fire, hereafter prescribed fire, in upland hardwood forests represents a recent shift in management strategies across eastern upland forests. not only does this strategy depart from dormant season to growing season prescriptions, but the strategy also moves from stand-scale to landscape-scale implementation (>1,000 ha). this being so, agencies are making considerable commitments in terms of time and resources to this management strat ...201626795913
circulating extracellular mir-22, mir-155, and mir-365 as candidate biomarkers to assess transport-related stress in turkeys.microrna (mirna) have been identified in circulating blood and might have the potential to be used as biomarkers for several pathophysiological conditions. to identify mirna that are altered following stress events, turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) were subjected to 2 h of road transportation. the expression levels of five circulating mirna, namely mir-22, mir-155-5p, mir-181a-3p, mir-204 and mir-365-3p, were detected and assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using taqman® probes, as p ...201626760121
hepatic transcriptome responses of domesticated and wild turkey embryos to aflatoxin b₁.the mycotoxin, aflatoxin b₁ (afb₁) is a hepatotoxic, immunotoxic, and mutagenic contaminant of food and animal feeds. in poultry, afb₁ can be maternally transferred to embryonated eggs, affecting development, viability and performance after hatch. domesticated turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) are especially sensitive to aflatoxicosis, while eastern wild turkeys (m. g. silvestris) are likely more resistant. in ovo exposure provided a controlled afb₁ challenge and comparison of domesticated and wild ...201626751476
ectoparasite (louse, mite and tick) infestations on female turkeys (galliformes, phasianidae.meleagris gallopavo) in iran.wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) were evaluated as potential hosts of ectoparasites. different lice, ticks and mites can infest turkeys and cause direct and/or indirect harms and in some cases can also be fatal. samples (feathers) were collected from lateral parts of 15 and 7 female turkeys' body of two different turkey flocks, in rasht, gilan province and piranshahr, western azerbaijan province, iran, respectively. feathers were inspected for ectoparasites, the collected ectoparasites were de ...201627876921
nasal conchae function as aerodynamic baffles: experimental computational fluid dynamic analysis in a turkey nose (aves: galliformes).we tested the aerodynamic function of nasal conchae in birds using ct data from an adult male wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) to construct 3d models of its nasal passage. a series of digital "turbinectomies" were performed on these models and computational fluid dynamic analyses were performed to simulate resting inspiration. models with turbinates removed were compared to the original, unmodified control airway. results revealed that the four conchae found in turkeys, along with the crista na ...201627612585
do movement behaviors identify reproductive habitat sampling for wild turkeys?selection of habitats has regularly been suggested to influence species demography at both local and broad scales. the expectation is that selection behaviors have positive benefits via greater fitness or increased survival. the current paradigm of habitat selection theory suggests a hierarchical process, where an individual first selects where they choose to live (e.g., range) and then searches and selects locations within this range meeting life history needs. using high-frequency gps data col ...201628725385
corynebacterium uropygiale sp. nov., isolated from the preen gland of turkeys (meleagris gallopavo).a novel species of fastidious, lipophilic, club-shaped, gram-positive bacteria was recovered from the preen glands of healthy turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) from two different locations. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene showed highest similarity to corynebacterium spheniscorum dsm 44757(t) (96.8%) with a 3.2kb stretch of rpob sharing 82.4% sequence similarity to the same species. dna fingerprinting by eric-pcr and polar lipid profiles clearly differentiated the turkey isolates from the ...201626776107
prehistoric mitochondrial dna of domesticate animals supports a 13th century exodus from the northern us southwest.the 13th century puebloan depopulation of the four corners region of the us southwest is an iconic episode in world prehistory. studies of its causes, as well as its consequences, have a bearing not only on archaeological method and theory, but also social responses to climate change, the sociology of social movements, and contemporary patterns of cultural diversity. previous research has debated the demographic scale, destinations, and impacts of four corners migrants. much of this uncertainty ...201728746407
abundance and bloodfeeding patterns of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in an oak woodland on the eastern slope of the northern coast range of california.the abundance and bloodfeeding patterns of mosquitoes was studied from 2008 to 2010 at an 18 ha. oak woodland in lake county, ca. host-seeking females were collected weekly from sunset to sunrise by paired dry-ice-baited cdc style traps, whereas resting females were aspirated from paired walk-in red boxes. sequences of the coi gene amplified from bloodmeals from engorged resting females were used to identify the bloodmeal hosts. aedes sierrensis (ludlow) and aedes increpitus dyar complex mosquit ...201728874011
evolutionary history of the mariner element galluhop in avian genomes.transposable elements (tes) are highly abundant genomic parasites in eukaryote genomes. although several genomes have been screened for tes, so far very limited information is available regarding avian tes and their evolutionary histories. taking advantage of the rich genomic data available for birds, we characterized the evolutionary history of the galluhop element, originally described in gallus gallus, through the use of several bioinformatic analyses.201728814978
species identification in meat products: a new screening method based on high resolution melting analysis of cyt b gene.meat adulteration by substitution with lower value products and/or mislabeling involves economic, health, quality and socio-religious issues. therefore, identification and traceability of meat species has become an important subject to detect possible fraudulent practices. in the present study the development of a high resolution melt (hrm) screening method for the identification of eight common meat species is reported. samples from bos taurus, ovis aries, sus scrofa domestica, equus caballus, ...201728764056
neuroendocrine control of broodiness.in the majority of vertebrates, survival of offspring to sexual maturation is important for increasing population size, and parental investment in the young is important for reproductive success. consequently, parental care is critical for the survival of offspring in many species, and many vertebrates have adapted this behavior to their social and ecological environments. parental care is defined as any behavior that is performed in association with one's offspring (rosenblatt, mayer, siegel. m ...201728980235
proteomic identification of turkey (meleagris gallopavo) seminal plasma proteins.sds-page combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) and 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2de) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi tof/tof) were applied to characterize the turkey seminal plasma proteome. lc-ms/ms led to the identification of 175 proteins, which were classified according to their function and to corresponding biochemical pathways. using 2de and maldi tof/tof, 34 different turke ...201728854753
distribution and host associations of ixodid ticks collected from wildlife in florida, usa.a tick survey was conducted to document tick-host associations with florida (usa) wildlife, and to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ixodid ticks throughout the state. the survey was conducted using collection kits distributed to licensed florida hunters as well as the examination of archived specimens from ongoing state wildlife research programs. collected tick samples were obtained from 66% of florida counties and were collected from nine wildlife hosts, including black bea ...201729110170
molecular cloning, characterization, and anti-avian pathogenicescherichia coliinnate immune response of the cherry valley duck ciita gene.class ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc-ii) transactivator (ciita) is a member of the pattern recognition receptor in cytoplasm, which is involved in host innate immune responses. in this study, the full-length cdna of cherry valley duck ciita (duciita) was cloned from the spleen of healthy cherry valley ducks for the first time. the cds of duciita have 3648 bp and encode 1215 amino acids. the homology analysis of ciitas amino acid sequence showed that the duciita has the highest identity ...201728878764
metabolomic analysis of white and yellow seminal plasma in turkeys (meleagris gallopavo)1.numerous studies have indicated that yellow semen syndrome (yss) of turkey is associated with the production of low semen quality, resulting in reduced fertility and hatchability. it is unknown at present if the etiology of yss also could be linked to low-molecular weight metabolites. the aim of this study was to examine the metabolome of white and yellow seminal plasma of turkeys. two different metabolomics approaches, shotgun (direct infusion) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms ...201729272520
response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. ii. transcriptome effects in differentiating cells.background:exposure of poultry to extreme temperatures during the critical period of post-hatch growth can seriously affect muscle development and thus compromise subsequent meat quality. this study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells by thermal challenge during differentiation. our goal is to better define how thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure and subsequent development.results:skeletal muscle satellite cells previously ...201729249977
food grade pimenta leaf essential oil reduces the attachment ofsalmonella entericaheidelberg (2011 ground turkey outbreak isolate) on to turkey skin.salmonellaattached to the poultry skin is a major source of carcass contamination during processing. once attached to the poultry skin, it is difficult to detach and inactivatesalmonellaby commonly used antimicrobial agents since the pathogen is entrapped deeply in the feather follicles and the crevices on the skin. essential oils could be natural, safe, and effective alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial agents during commercial and organic processing setup. the present study evaluated the ef ...201729234313
selenium requirements based on muscle and kidney selenoprotein enzyme activity and transcript expression in the turkey poult (meleagris gallopavo).the current nrc selenium (se) requirement for turkeys is 0.2 μg se/g diet. we previously fed turkey poults a se-deficient diet (0.005 μg se/g) supplemented with 10 graded levels of se (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 μg se/g as na2seo3, 5/treatment) for 4 wk, and found that the minimum dietary se requirement was 0.3 μg se/g based on selenoprotein enzyme activity in blood, liver, gizzard and pancreas. because the turkey is primarily a production animal, we expanded this analysi ...201729190764
uv reflection properties of plumage and skin of domesticated turkeys (meleagris gallopavo f. dom.) as revealed by uv photography.reflection and fluorescence properties of feathered and non-feathered body regions of white- and bronze-colored fattening turkeys of various ages were examined by ultraviolet (uv) photography. the examinations were carried out on 20 white-feathered fattening turkeys (b.u.t. 6; 10 males, 10 females) and 20 bronze-feathered fattening turkeys (grelier 708; 10 males, 10 females) over a period of 21 weeks. the turkeys were photographed once a wk under long-wave uv (uva) radiation illumination (λ = 34 ...201729053857
clinical and pathologic characterization of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza h7n8 in commercial turkeys in southern indiana.highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) is a systemic lethal disease of poultry caused by several subtypes of influenza a virus and classified on the basis of serologic reactions to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoproteins. in january 2016, a novel subtype of hpai-h7n8-was diagnosed in a commercial turkey (meleagris gallopavo) flock in southern indiana. clinical signs and history included increased mortality, dyspnea, head tremors, recumbency, and somnolent or unaware birds. postmo ...201728957014
gastrointestinal microbial population of turkey (meleagris gallopavo) affected by hemorrhagic enteritis virus.hemorrhagic enteritis (he) is an acute viral disease that affects avian species, particularly turkeys, compromising their commercial production and having a negative effect on animal welfare. turkey adenovirus 3 (tadv-3), is the main causal agent of the disease. in this study, we considered 3 groups of turkeys to achieve 2 purposes: 1) a preliminary investigation on the microbiota content in the 4 parts of healthy turkey's intestine (group a), namely duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ceca was done; ...201728938792
an analysis of beak shape variation in two ages of domestic turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) using landmark-based geometric morphometrics.the objective of this study was to assess beak shape variation in domestic turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and determine the effects of age, sex, and beak size on beak shape variation using geometric morphometrics. dorsal and right lateral images were taken of 2442 turkeys at 6 and 18.5 weeks of age. landmarks were digitized in tpsdig in three analyses of the dorsal upper mandible, lateral upper mandible, and lateral lower mandible shape of each turkey at both ages. the coordinate data were then s ...201728934330
protection of commercial turkeys following inactivated or recombinant h5 vaccine application against the 2015u.s. h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.between december 2014 and june 2015, north america experienced the largest recorded foreign animal disease outbreak with over 47 million poultry dead or euthanized from viral exposure to a clade 2.3.4.4 h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) epizootic. soon after the epizootic began, the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) began testing the efficacy of different vaccines as a possible future control strategy. the aim of these studies were to evaluate the efficacy three h5 vaccines to aid ...201728895870
experimental determination of three-dimensional cervical joint mobility in the avian neck.birds have highly mobile necks, but neither the details of how they realize complex poses nor the evolution of this complex musculoskeletal system is well-understood. most previous work on avian neck function has focused on dorsoventral flexion, with few studies quantifying lateroflexion or axial rotation. such data are critical for understanding joint function, as musculoskeletal movements incorporate motion around multiple degrees of freedom simultaneously. here we use biplanar x-rays on wild ...201728747987
identifying target reference points for harvesting assessment-limited wildlife populations: a case study.identifying appropriate strategies for sustainable harvest is a challenge for many terrestrial vertebrate species because of uncertain system dynamics, limited data to inform population models, and potentially conflicting objectives that seek to harvest and maintain populations at desirable levels. the absence of monitoring and assessment infrastructure needed to regularly estimate abundance accentuates this challenge for many species, and limits application of rigorous state-dependent framework ...201728544666
risk factors for and spatial distribution of lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) in wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in new york state, usa.lymphoproliferative disease virus (lpdv) is an oncogenic avian retrovirus that was previously thought to exclusively infect domestic turkeys but was recently shown to be widespread in wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) throughout most of the eastern us. in commercial flocks, the virus spreads between birds housed in close quarters, but there is little information about potential risk factors for infection in wild birds. initial studies focused on distribution of lpdv nationally, but investigat ...201728328350
genetic variation of the bronze locus (mc1r) in turkeys from southern brazil.domestic turkeys present several color phenotypes controlled by at least five genetic loci, but only one of these has been identified precisely: the bronze locus, which turned out to be the melanocortin-1 receptor (mc1r) gene. mc1r variation is important for breeders interested in maintaining or developing different color varieties. in this study, we sequenced most of the mc1r gene from 16 white holland (the main commercial turkey variety) and 19 pigmented turkeys from southern brazil with two p ...201728323301
comparative quantitative studies on the microvasculature of the heart of a highly selected meat-type and a wild-type turkey line.in this study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the heart of a fast growing, meat-type turkey line (british united turkeys but big 6) and a wild-type turkey line (canadian wild turkey) were compared. at 8 and 16 weeks of age, 10 birds of each genotype and sex were sampled. the body mass and heart mass of the meat-type turkey both increased at a faster rate than those of the wild-type turkey. however in both turkey lines, the relative heart mass decreased slightly with age, the decreas ...201728118415
effect of prolonged photoperiod on ocular tissues of domestic turkeys.the objective of this study is to investigate the structural and functional ocular changes that develop in turkeys exposed to a photoperiod of 23 h of light (23l) compared with a photoperiod of 14 h of light (14l).201727302599
small tubules, surprising discoveries: from efferent ductules in the turkey to the discovery that estrogen receptor alpha is essential for fertility in the male.efferent ductules are small, delicate tubules that connect rete testis with the head of the epididymis, first identified by de graaf in 1668. although difficult to find in routine dissection, the ductules are an essential component of the male reproductive tract and in larger mammals occupy up more than 50% of the caput epididymidis. my introduction to research began with the study of efferent ductules in the domestic turkey, and to my surprise these small structures with kidney-like function be ...201728191043
a decorated raven bone from the zaskalnaya vi (kolosovskaya) neanderthal site, crimea.we analyze a radius bone fragment of a raven (corvus corax) from zaskalnaya vi rock shelter, crimea. the object bears seven notches and comes from an archaeological level attributed to a micoquian industry dated to between 38 and 43 cal kyr bp. our study aims to examine the degree of regularity and intentionality of this set of notches through their technological and morphometric analysis, complemented by comparative experimental work. microscopic analysis of the notches indicate that they were ...201728355292
evaluation of quail and turkey egg yolk for cryopreservation of nili-ravi buffalo bull semen.egg yolk is used as a cryoprotectant for semen in different mammalian species including buffalo. egg yolk from different sources may affect freezability of buffalo bull semen. quail egg yolk (qey) and turkey egg yolk (tey) in tris-citric acid extender was evaluated for post-thaw quality and in vivo fertility rate of cryopreserved buffalo bull semen. ejaculates were collected on weekly basis from six nili-ravi buffalo bulls (12 ejaculates/bull) for a period of 6 weeks and diluted at 37 °c with tr ...201727720400
digesta retention patterns in geese (anser anser) and turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and deduced function of avian caeca.although it is well-known that retrograde transport of urine fills the caeca of birds with fluid and small particles, the function of avian caeca is still not fully understood. we measured mean retention times (mrt) of solute (cobalt-edta, co), small particle (<2mm, chromium-mordanted fibre, cr) and large particle (8mm, cerium-marked fibre, ce) markers in geese (anser anser) and turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) fed alfalfa pellets ad libitum. intake did not differ between species. turkeys had longe ...201727923709
surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) of minnesota during 2015 outbreaks in domestic poultry.an outbreak of a novel reassortant of highly pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n2) virus (hpaiv) decimated domestic turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) from march through mid-june, 2015 in the state of minnesota, usa. in response, as part of broader surveillance efforts in wild birds, we designed a pilot effort to sample and test hunter-harvested wild turkeys ( meleagris gallopavo ) for hpaiv in minnesota counties with known infected poultry facilities. we also collected opportunistic samples from dea ...201728323565
<i>eimeria</i> <i>atlapetesi</i> nom. nov., a replacement name for <i>eimeria</i> <i>pileata</i> soriano-vargas et al., 2015 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae), preoccupied by <i>eimeria</i> <i>pileata</i> straneva and kelley, 1979 (apicomplexa: eimeriidae), with observations on histopathology and phylogenetic analysis.eimeria pileata soriano-vargas, medina, salgado-miranda, garcía-conejo, galindo-sánchez, janczur, berto and lopes, 2015 is a junior homonym of eimeria pileata straneva and kelley, 1979 and needs to be replaced. this coccidium was described from a rufous-capped brush finch atlapetes pileatus wagler in the nevado de toluca natural protected area, mexico. thus, to maintain the original intent of the specific epithet derived from the scientific name of the type-host, the name eimeria atlapetesi nom. ...201728187600
microscopic morphology and apoptosis of ovarian tissue after cryopreservation using a vitrification method in post-hatching turkey poults, meleagris gallopavo.the objectives of this study were to examine morphological changes of oogonia and primordial follicles in the ovaries of turkey poults within the first week after hatching, and to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on histology and apoptosis of these immature ovaries. ovaries from poults at day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7 post-hatch were cryopreserved using a modified vitrification method. the histology of oogonia and primordial follicles in fresh and cryopreserved tissue was assessed, and th ...201732908441
use of computed tomography to determine body composition of heavy strain turkey hens (meleagris gallopavo) from rearing to early laying.genetic selection has improved the growth performance of poultry, but also influenced other metabolic parameters and physiological functions such as reproduction. to counter the negative effects of this enhanced development, modifications of the environment or diet are frequently used. as all animals are not equally sensitive and do not respond in the same way, the evolution of the body composition has got to be better characterized with non-invasive tools to reach a higher flock homogeneity and ...201830085271
complete genome sequence of mycoplasma gallopavonis type strain wr1.here, we report the complete genome sequence of mycoplasma gallopavonis type strain wr1 (= atcc 33551 = nctc 10186), which is a common microorganism in eastern wild turkeys and is considered a nonpathogenic commensal in turkeys.201830533837
quantifying corticosterone in feathers: validations for an emerging technique.feather corticosterone measurement is becoming a widespread tool for assessing avian physiology. corticosterone is deposited into feathers during growth and provides integrative and retrospective measures of an individual's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis function. although researchers across disciplines have been measuring feather corticosterone for the past decade, there are still many issues with the extraction and measurement of corticosterone from feathers. in this paper, we provi ...201830323931
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