Publications

learning effects on sperm competition and reproductive fitness.	learning and other common psychological processes presumably evolved because they contribute to reproductive fitness, but reproductive outcomes are rarely measured in psychology experiments. we examined the effects of pavlovian conditioning on reproductive fitness in a sperm-competition situation. typically, two males mating with the same female in immediate succession sire similar numbers of offspring. in a study with domesticated quail (coturnix japonica), we increased paternity success by pre ...	2007	17760768
aquaporin-2 water channel in developing quail kidney: possible role in programming adult fluid homeostasis.	avian kidneys have loopless and looped nephrons; a countercurrent multiplier mechanism operates in the latter by nacl recycling. we identified an aquaporin-2 (aqp2) homolog in apical/subapical regions of cortical and medullary collecting duct (cd) cells in kidneys of japanese quail (q), coturnix japonica. we investigated whether undernutrition during the embryonic/maturation period retards kidney and aqp2 development in quail and programs impaired volume regulation in adults. protocols included ...	2007	17699563
effects of corticosterone treatment on growth, development, and the corticosterone response to handling in young japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	corticosterone, a glucocorticoid secreted during stress responses, has a range of actions that help birds respond to stressors. although effects of corticosterone treatment have been described in several avian species, the impacts of defined increases in plasma corticosterone on early development and on corticosterone stress responses are little known. these issues were addressed by providing quail with different doses of corticosterone in drinking water from days 8 to 38 post-hatch. the cortico ...	2007	17681843
effect of photoperiod and estrogen on expression of arginine vasotocin and its oxytocic-like receptor in the shell gland of the japanese quail.	the avian neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasotocin (avt) is an important regulatory hormone involved in many physiological processes including fluid balance, blood pressure regulation, stress responses and reproductive events including oviposition. the mechanisms by which avt stimulates myometrial contraction during oviposition are not well established in birds. in the present study, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to localize avt and the oxytocin-like vt3 receptor in ...	2007	17627858
the effect of soy isoflavones on egg quality and bone mineralisation during the late laying period of quail.	1. soy isoflavones play a role in calcium and bone metabolism. poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot climate conditions and with increased age in poultry. 2. in this study, we investigated the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on egg production, egg quality, bone mineral density (bmd), levels of osteocalcin (oc), vitamin d, calcium (ca), phosphorus (p) and alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity in quail (coturni ...	2007	17578700
asymmetry of visually guided sexual behaviour in adult japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	sexually active adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were trained to run across either a left- or a right-turning runway to obtain sexual access to a conspecific of the opposite sex. the birds tested with only their right eye in use showed significantly higher latencies to complete the runway task than the birds tested binocularly and those using the left eye. in all of the three experimental conditions, male birds were significantly faster than their female counterparts. generally, ...	2007	17558814
behavioral and neuropharmacological evidence that serotonin crosses the blood-brain barrier in coturnix japonica (galliformes; aves).	this study was carried out aiming to reach behavioral and neuropharmacological evidence of the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (bbb) to serotonin systemically administered in quails. serotonin injected by a parenteral route (250-1000 microg x kg(-1), sc) elicited a sequence of behavioral events concerned with a sleeping-like state. sleeping-like behaviors began with feather bristling, rapid oral movements, blinking and finally crouching and closure of the eyes. previous administration of ...	2007	17505765
expression of cell-cycle-regulating genes in the development of atherosclerosis in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the levels of mrna expression in regulatory genes that are involved in the pathological changes of aortic atherosclerotic and fibroblastic intimal thickening was investigated in japanese quail. the quail were divided into a control diet group and an atherogenic diet group. the quail were euthanized at 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk after consuming either a control diet or an atherogenic diet. thereafter, both histological and immunohistochemical studies and mrna expression analysis of the cell-cycle-regulat ...	2007	17495088
the effects of experimental aflatoxicosis on the exocrine pancreas in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (af) on the exocrine pancreas in quails by means of light and electron microscopy. a total of 30 quails were divided into three groups, each composed of ten animals. total af was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at doses of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of af/kg feed, ppm, respectively. the quails were raised in cages with electrical heating and 24-h lighting for a period of 3 weeks. ad libitum access was provided to fee ...	2007	17486318
evaluation of eight microsatellite loci polymorphism in four japanese quail (coturnix japonica) strain in iran.	allele frequencies of eight microsatellite loci as guj0001, guj0021, guj0034, guj0041, guj0049, guj0059, guj0070 and guj0097 was estimated for four strain of japanese quail in iran. whole blood samples were collected from 200 individuals belonging to four strain (pharach, panda, tuxedo and golden).total genomic dna was extracted by the gusn-silica gel kit. the extracted dna was amplified through polymerase chain reaction (pcr). of the eight microsatellite loci used in this study, two loci ( guj0 ...	2007	19069916
a light and electron microscopic study of the limb long bones perichondral ossification in the quail embryo (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the perichondral ossification of the limb long bones in the quail embryo is investigated, in this study, by means of light and electron microscopy. longitudinal sections of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula stained with haematoxylin-eosin were examined by the light microscope. ultrathin cross sections were selected for the electron microscope as well. light microscopic analysis showed that the ossification began at the same time in the long bones of the wing and leg. at the embr ...	2007	17312922
neuroanatomical specificity of sex differences in expression of aromatase mrna in the quail brain.	in birds and mammals, aromatase activity in the preoptic-hypothalamic region (hpoa) is usually higher in males than in females. it is, however, not known whether the enzymatic sex difference reflects the differential activation of aromatase transcription or some other control mechanism. although sex differences in aromatase activity are clearly documented in the hpoa of japanese quail (coturnix japonica), only minimal or even no differences at all were observed in the number of aromatase-immunor ...	2007	17270396
laterality in syrinx muscle morphology of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	in the japanese quail, normally only males crow, but treatment of adult females with testosterone (t) facilitates the behavior. the sternotrachealis muscles are thought to adjust the length of the trachea during inspiration and/or expiration and control rigidity of the cartilages of the vocal organ (syrinx) during phonation. these muscles are heavier in males than females, and t increases their mass in females [balthazart j, schumacher m, otttinger ma. sexual differences in the japanese quail: b ...	2007	17258241
induction of sperm acrosome reaction by perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zp1 in japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the extracellular matrix surrounding avian oocytes, called the perivitelline membrane (pl), consists of at least two major glycoproteins, zp3 and zp1. our previous study using japanese quail had demonstrated that the pl obtained from the preovulatory follicles was incubated in vitro with spermatozoa, and perforations were observed. this result indicated that the pl might contain a constituent that possesses activity to initiate the acrosome reaction (ar) in quail. in order to elaborate upon our ...	2007	17244731
carbohydrate characterization of quail primordial germ cells during migration and gonadal differentiation.	a selection of lectins were used to study changes in the distribution of sugar residues in primordial germ cells (pgcs) during gonadal colonization and differentiation. although the cytochemical characteristics of pgcs have been described in the chick, little is known about such characteristics in other avian species of interest to experimental biology. therefore, we studied embryos of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) by light and laser confocal scanning microscopy, using the qh1 anti ...	2007	17229287
effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in diesel exhaust particles on the regulation of reproductive function in immature female japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	in a previous study, we found that 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (pnmc), a component of diesel exhaust particles and also a degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion, exhibits reproductive toxicity in the adult male japanese quail. the present study investigated the toxicity of pnmc in the female japanese quail and its ability to influence reproduction in immature females. the quail (21-day-old) were injected intramuscularly (im) with pnmc at doses 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight daily for 3 d ...	2007	17202750
vertebrate and invertebrate carotenoid-binding proteins.	in invertebrates and vertebrates, carotenoids are ubiquitous colorants, antioxidants, and provitamin a compounds that must be absorbed from dietary sources and transported to target tissues where they are taken up and stabilized to perform their physiological functions. these processes occur in a specific and regulated manner mediated by high-affinity carotenoid-binding proteins. in this mini-review, we examine the published literature on carotenoid-binding proteins in vertebrate and invertebrat ...	2007	17188641
sensitivity of expression of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zp1 mrna in the liver of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) to estrogenic compounds.	avian perivitelline membrane protein, zp1, is synthesized and secreted by the liver with the stimulation of estrogens. in the present study, we measured the expression of zp1 gene in the liver of immature male quail treated with various estrogenic compounds and in the liver of male quail embryos that were developed in the fertilized eggs laid by mother quail injected with various estrogenic compounds during vitellogenesis. total rna extracted from the liver was reverse-transcribed and cdna was s ...	2007	17188579
sex differences in projections from preoptic area aromatase cells to the periaqueductal gray in japanese quail.	in many vertebrate species the medial preoptic area projects to a premotor nucleus, the periaqueductal central gray (pag). this connection plays an important role in the control of reproductive behavior. in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) specifically, the medial preoptic nucleus (pom), where various types of sensory inputs converge, is a critical site for the activational action of testosterone on male sexual behavior. to activate male copulatory behavior, testosterone must be aromatize ...	2007	17177261
[effect of accelerations, additional weight load and hypokinesia on protein catabolism in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica)].	activities of glutamate and xanthine dehydrogenases were measured in four groups of quails (coturnix coturnix japonica): 1) hypodynamic birds which were kept in an area which made 1/4 of the control, 2) birds exposed to an increased weight load, 3) birds exposed to 3g. and 4) control birds. the experimental birds were exposed to the above treatment for 1 to 6 hours a day during 8 days. the birds were fed on a forced basis to eliminate differences in food intake. the activity of glutamate dehydro ...	2007	839707
effects of early embryonic exposure to genistein on male copulatory behavior and vasotocin system of japanese quail.	genistein is a phytoestrogen, particularly abundant in soybeans that can bind estrogen receptors and sex hormone binding proteins, exerting both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity. in this study we used the japanese quail embryo as a test end-point to investigate the effects of early embryonic exposure to genistein on male copulatory behavior and on vasotocin parvocellular system. both differentiate by the organizational effects of estradiol during development and may therefore represent an ...	2007	17274996
mutations in slc45a2 cause plumage color variation in chicken and japanese quail.	ss (silver), sn (wild type/gold), and sal (sex-linked imperfect albinism) form a series of alleles at the s (silver) locus on chicken (gallus gallus) chromosome z. similarly, sex-linked imperfect albinism (ala) is the bottom recessive allele at the orthologous al locus in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). the solute carrier family 45, member 2, protein (slc45a2), previously denoted membrane-associated transporter protein (matp), has an important role in vesicle sorting in the melanocytes. ...	2007	17151254
changes in the activity of acid glycosidases during posthatch development and regression after light reduction of japanese quail testes and epididymides.	in this study specific activities of four acid glycosidases: beta-n-acethylhexosaminidase (beta-hex), beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), alpha- and beta-mannosidase (alpha- and beta-man) were investigated in japanese quail testes and epididymides during posthatch development and regression after light reduction. the specific activity of testicular beta-hex and beta-gal increased steadily during posthatch development and assumed maximum values for testes weighing 200-400 mg, when numerous spermatocyt ...	2007	17215159
effects of cyanobacterial biomass on the japanese quail.	mortality of wild aquatic birds has recently been attributed to cyanobacterial toxins. despite this, no experimental studies on the effects of defined doses of microcystins administered orally to birds exist. in this experiment, four groups of male japanese quails daily ingesting 10ml of microcystis biomass containing 0.045, 0.459, 4.605 or 46.044mug of microcystins, respectively, for 10 and 30 days, showed no mortality. histopathological hepatic changes in birds after the biomass exposure inclu ...	2007	17217976
primary structure and tissue distribution of gpr39 messenger ribonucleic acid in japanese quail, coturnix japonica.	it has been found that gpr39 is an orphan receptor that belongs to the family of g protein-coupled receptors. in mammals, gpr39 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal and metabolic function. in this study, we performed cdna cloning for gpr39 in japanese quail and characterized the tissue expression profiles of its mrna. the cdna encoded 462 amino acids, showing very high sequence homology to chicken gpr39 (95.5%) and moderate homology to mouse (64.7%), rat (63.7%), a ...	2007	17954600
effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on adrenal and gonadal functions in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on gonadal and adrenal functions in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica), hypothyroidism was induced in male adult japanese quail by daily administration of 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (methimazole) in their drinking water. four weeks after methimazole treatment, the japanese quail were sacrificed, and the plasma concentrations of free triiodothyronine (ft3), free thyroxine (ft4), total t3 (tt3), total t4 (tt4), corticosterone, testosterone, lh and ...	2007	17965543
pathologic changes in extrahepatic organs and agglutinin response to salmonella gallinarum infection in japanese quail fed fusarium verticillioides culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1.	three hundred 1-day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups of 150 each. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, whereas fusarium verticillioides culture material (fcm) was added to quail mash in the second group from 5 days of age and supplied 150 mg fb1/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonella gallinarum alone group (group cs ...	2007	17992930
alkaline phosphatase reactivity in the vagina and uterovaginal junction sperm-storage tubules of turkeys in egg production: implications for sperm storage.	1. currently there remains contradictory information on the localisation and possible role of alkaline phosphatase (ap) in the chicken and japanese quail oviducts. 2. using turkeys with a hard-shelled egg in their uteri, vaginal and uterovaginal junction mucosae were stretched and fixed as whole mounts prior to the histochemical localisation of ap activity. 3. scattered ap reactive cells were observed in the vaginal and uterovaginal junction surface epithelia and intense ap reactivity of the spe ...	2007	17701505
ontogeny of the cloacal gland in male japanese quail classified in a t-maze.	broiler chicks that traverse a t-maze quickly to reinstate contact with their companions (hp, high performers) are known to grow faster, are more social, and have a reduced plasma corticosterone response to acute stress than slower chicks (lp, low performers). high-performing quail from a line selected for reduced rather than exaggerated (high-stress) adrenocortical stress responsiveness also show enhanced female reproductive performance when compared with lp-high-stress quail. herein, time cour ...	2007	17704392
3-methyl-4-nitrophenol metabolism by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase in liver microsomes of mice, rats, and japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (pnmc) is a component of diesel exhaust particles and one of the major breakdown products of the insecticide fenitrothion. this chemical has a high potential for reproductive toxicity in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and rats. because pnmc inhaled by the body is metabolized by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) and sulfotransferase, we investigated these enzyme activities in the hepatic microsomes and cytosols of quail (as a model of wild birds) and com ...	2007	17705660
modified saponification and hplc methods for analyzing carotenoids from the retina of quail: implications for its use as a nonprimate model species.	to investigate carotenoid content in the retina of japanese quail (coturnix japonica), for comparison with carotenoids in human retina, and to assess the effects of different saponification procedures on the recovery of quail retinal carotenoids.	2007	17724175
hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin (af) on growth performance and various processing parameters of quails and to determine the preventive efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (hscas). one hundred and eighty 1-d-old quails of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups with 5 replicates and 45 birds following weighing. the experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments: 1) control with 0 mg af/kg of diet and 0% ...	2007	17724933
vegf-related protein isolated from vipera palestinae venom, promotes angiogenesis.	therapeutic angiogenesis is one of the major approaches in designing new therapies for cardiovascular diseases. vpvegf was purified from vipera palestinae venom using two steps of reverse-phase hplc. structurally, vpvegf belongs to the vegf-f1 family of snake venom proteins, and potently stimulated dhmvec proliferation in a vegfr-2 dependent manner. this growth factor appeared to be a chemoattractant for migration of these cells and stimulated their radial migration in a collagen gel. the stimul ...	2007	17852405
effects of xenoestrogens on the differentiation of behaviorally-relevant neural circuits.	it has become increasingly clear that environmental chemicals have the capability of impacting endocrine function. moreover, these endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) have long term consequences on adult reproductive function, especially if exposure occurs during embryonic development thereby affecting sexual differentiation. of the edcs, most of the research has been conducted on the effects of estrogen active compounds. although androgen active compounds are also present in the environment, ...	2007	17868795
estimation of chemical toxicity to wildlife species using interspecies correlation models.	ecological risks to wildlife are typically assessed using toxicity data for relatively few species and with limited understanding of differences in species sensitivity to contaminants. empirical interspecies correlation models were derived from ld50 values for 49 wildlife species and 951 chemicals. the standard wildlife test species japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and mallard (anas platyrhynchos) were determined to be good surrogates for many species within the database. cross-validation of a ...	2007	17874802
dietary tomato powder supplementation in the prevention of leiomyoma of the oviduct in the japanese quail.	spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), which makes it a good animal model for screening potential agents for testing in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. we have previously reported a decreased incidence of leiomyomas in the oviduct of japanese quail with lycopene supplementation. although the major carotenoid in tomatoes is lycopene, tomatoes also contain other compounds, which may contribute to their health b ...	2007	17927504
development and performances of a japanese quail line homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (di) mutation.	a strain of japanese quail with the polyuria disorder (excessive urination) was developed from founders that regurgitated water spontaneously. a back-cross with a nonpolyuric quail line showed that the polyuric strain was fixed for an autosomal recessive mutation that also induced polydipsia (excessive drinking). plasma levels and brain mrna contents for avian arg vasotocin were little affected by the mutation, but plasma avian arg vasotocin was 13-fold higher and brain mrna contents were signif ...	2007	17234837
polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial 12s rrna gene: a simple method for identification of poultry meat species.	chicken (gallus gallus), duck (anas platyrhynchos), turkey (meleagris gallopavo), guinea fowl (numida meleagris) and quail (coturnix japonica) are the common poultry species consumed as meat throughout the world. in this work, a molecular technique has been developed for identification and differentiation of meat originating from these species. this tool helps in detection of misrepresentation of different poultry meats. the technique involves the extraction of dna from the given sample, polymer ...	2007	17253115
endothelin receptor b2 (ednrb2) is associated with the panda plumage colour mutation in japanese quail.	the panda mutant in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) displays spots of wild-type plumage on a white background and is controlled by an autosomal recessive allele (s). the dotted white is controlled by a third allele (s(dw)) of the s locus with s(dw)/s(dw) quail having less pigmentation than s/s quail. we mapped the s locus to the japanese quail chromosome 4 (cja04) in a previous study. the orthologous region of the chicken (gallus gallus) genome includes endothelin receptor b2 (ednrb2), an avi ...	2007	17313575
xenogenic oogenesis of chicken (gallus domesticus) female primordial germ cells in germline chimeric quail (coturnix japonica) ovary.	in present study, chicken primordial germ cells (pgcs) were transferred into quail embryos to investigate the development of these germ cells in quail ovary. briefly, 2 microl of chicken embryonic blood (stage 14) or about 100 purified circulating pgcs were transferred into quail embryo. contribution of chicken pgcs were detected in gonads of chimeric quail embryos (stage 28) by immunocytochemical staining of cell surface antigen ssea-1, and by in situ hybridization (ish) with female chicken spe ...	2007	17337136
nitric oxide modulates gonadal and adrenal function in japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	nitric oxide (no) a gaseous neurotransmitter is reported to play an important role in controlling the release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (lhrh) in mammalian system. but its role has not been investigated in birds, where photoperiod plays an important role in regulating gonadal development. to investigate the effect of no on gonadal and adrenal function of japanese quail, in the first experiment, 3-weeks-old sexually immature quail received no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp, 5mg/10 ...	2007	17353014
effects of supplemental vitamin e in diet of japanese quail on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability.	1. two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental vitamin e (ve) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. in experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 iu alpha-tocopherol acetate/kg. at 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for testosterone estimation were tak ...	2007	17364548
the testicular capsule and peritubular tissue of birds: morphometry, histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry.	the testicular capsule was studied histologically, morphometrically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically in the japanese quail, domestic fowl, turkey and duck (all members of the galloanserae). the testicular capsule was, relative to mammals, thin, being 81.5 +/- 13.7 microm in the quail, 91.7 +/- 6.2 microm in the domestic fowl, 104.5 +/- 29.8 microm in the turkey and 91.8 +/- 18.9 microm in the duck. the orchido-epididymal border (hilus) of the capsule was much thicker than elsewhere i ...	2007	17451470
pathogenicity and transmission of reticuloendotheliosis virus isolated from endangered prairie chickens.	the pathogenicity and transmission of a field isolate of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) was studied using an experimental model in japanese quail. oncogenicity was also evaluated after inoculations in chickens and turkeys. the original rev (designated apc-566) was isolated from attwater's prairie chickens (tympanuchus cupido attwateri), an endangered wild avian species of the southern united states. the transmissibility of the rev isolate was studied in young naive japanese quail in contact w ...	2007	17461264
adaptation of influenza a/mallard/potsdam/178-4/83 h2n2 virus in japanese quail leads to infection and transmission in chickens.	to assess the potential of quail as an intermediate host of avian influenza, we tested the influenza a/mallard/ potsdam/178-4/83 (h2n2) virus to determine whether through adaptation a mallard strain can replicate and transmit in quail, as well as other terrestrial birds. after five serial passages of lung homogenate a virus arose that replicated and transmitted directly to contact cage mates. to test whether adaptation in quail led to interspecies transmission, white leghorn chickens were infect ...	2007	17494563
pathobiology of h9n2 avian influenza virus in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	clinical signs, serologic response, viral contents of the trachea and intestine, and histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the tracheal epithelium of japanese quail experimentally infected with field isolate of h9n2 avian influenza were studied. vaccinated and unvaccinated quail were inoculated with 10(6.3) 50% embryo infectious dose/bird of a/ chicken/iran/sh-110/99 (h9n2) virus via nasal inoculation. clinical signs such as depression, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, and nasal and eye di ...	2007	17494591
tandem 41-bp repeats in chicken and japanese quail genomes: fish mapping and transcription analysis on lampbrush chromosomes.	the chromosomal distribution of 41-bp repeats, known as cnm and po41 repeats in the chicken genome and bglii repeats in the japanese quail, was analyzed precisely using giant lampbrush chromosomes (lbc) from chicken, japanese quail, and turkey growing oocytes. the po41 repeat is conserved in all galliform species, whereas the other repeats are species specific. in chicken and quail, the centromere and subtelomere regions share homologous satellite sequences. rna polymerase ii transcribes the 41- ...	2007	17619894
effects of the dominant lethal yellow mutation on reproduction, growth, feed consumption, body temperature, and body composition of the japanese quail.	wild-type japanese quail were compared with full-sibs with a yellow plumage color determined by an autosomal dominant mutation (y), which is lethal when homozygous. these quail have wheat-straw yellow-colored feathers. early growth was slower in yellow quail that had 2.4% lower bw than wild-type quail (149.3 g vs. 153.0 g) at 28 d of age. the bw, however, was similar for yellow and wild-type males at 35 d, and it remained so throughout the last part of the growth of the quail monitored until the ...	2007	17626808
identification and metabolic transformations of carotenoids in ocular tissues of the japanese quail coturnix japonica.	as in humans and monkeys, lutein [(3r,3'r,6'r)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3'-diol] and zeaxanthin [a mixture of (3r,3'r)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'diol and (3r,3's-meso)-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol] are found in substantial amounts in the retina of the japanese quail coturnix japonica. this makes the quail retina an excellent nonprimate small animal model for studying the metabolic transformations of these important macular carotenoids that are thought to play an integral role in protection against l ...	2007	17630780
immunosenescence and age-related susceptibility to influenza virus in japanese quail.	we evaluated juvenile, pubescent, reproductive adult, and aged japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) to determine if there were age-related differences in immune function with the hypothesis that aged birds would have weaker immune responses. immune responses were measured using phytohemagglutinin (pha) skin test, antibody response to foreign red blood cells and exposure to an h9n2 influenza virus. adult birds consistently had stronger immune responses than young and aged birds. aged quail ...	2007	17045650
full genome sequence and some biological properties of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain apc-566 isolated from endangered attwater's prairie chickens.	reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) causes runting, high mortality, immunosuppression, and chronic neoplasia associated with t and/or b cell lymphomas in a variety of domestic and wild birds, including attwater's prairie chickens (apc) (tympanuchus cupido attwateri). the complete proviral sequence of a recent rev isolate from apc (rev apc-566) was determined. this virus was isolated from an apc maintained in captivity in a reproduction program intended to avoid its extinction. rev apc-566 was dete ...	2007	17098316
effects of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol on the suppression of adrenocortical function in immature male rats.	in previous studies, we found that 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (4-nitro-m-cresol; pnmc) isolated from diesel exhaust particles, and also a degradation product of the insecticide fenitrothion, exhibited testicular toxicity in the male of both immature rat and adult japanese quail. it is well established that a functional relationship exists between the gonads and adrenals. the present study investigates the effect of pnmc on the adrenocortical functions of immature male rats. we subcutaneously injecte ...	2007	18057729
influence of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles on gastrointestinal microflora and morphology of enterocytes of quails.	the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of hydrocolloidal silver nanoparticles (ag-nano) on microbial profile of caecum and morphology of enterocytes in duodenum of japanese quail, as a model animal for poultry. quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) (10 d old) were randomly divided into four groups (15 quails each) and located into four cages for 12 days. quails were fed with granulated diets given ad libitum and had free access to drinking water. ag-nano were added to drinki ...	2007	18069616
relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of male japanese quail.	an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship of cloacal gland with testes, testosterone and fertility in different lines of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). for this study, three lines of healthy adult male japanese quails (<12 weeks) viz., heavy body weight (hb), white breasted (wb), and white egg shell (wes) were taken. they were housed in individual cages under uniform husbandry conditions and were provided with normal quail breeder ration and water ad libitum, with 14 ...	2007	16448791
effect of dietary vitamin e on the cloacal gland, foam and semen characteristics of male japanese quail.	this experiment was to investigate the effects of increasing the level of dietary vitamin e (vit. e) on cloacal gland size, foam production and semen characteristics of male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). one hundred and eighty male japanese quail chicks (day old) were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments for a period of 25 weeks. each treatment comprised of three replicates each containing 20 chicks. the basal diet contained 15 iu vit. e/kg and the two experimental die ...	2007	16959309
divergent selection for body weight and yolk precursor in coturnix coturnix japonica. 8. a summary of correlated responses.	correlated response data accompanying 19 generations of selection for increased (hw) or decreased (lw) 4-wk bw and increased (hp) or decreased (lp) total plasma p were summarized. similarly, 11 generations of selection of sublines derived from the original lines hw and lp were also analyzed. sublines were maintained through selection of males for increased 4-wk bw and females for the respective high or low plasma p. the randombred control (rbc1) was stable for bw early in egg production, bw chan ...	2007	2235825
agonistic behavior and neurochemistry in grouped japanese quail.	aggressive behavior and whole brain neurochemistry were measured in stable and unstable pairs of male coturnix coturnix japonica. aggressive pecking peaked on day 5 of the daily regrouping regime and returned to a basal level on day 14. aggressive behavior was associated with increased brain norepinephrine (ne), dopamine (da), and acetylcholinesterase (ache) in unstable pairs. habituation (12-15 days) and da response to daily regrouping and inanition were inversely related in unstable and stable ...	2007	2881690
sexual-discrimination learning in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	we investigated how male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) learn through extensive social and sexual experience to discriminate between male and female conspecifics. opportunity for heterosexual copulation was important for this learning, but even extensive copulatory opportunity was not sufficient to produce a sexual discrimination; subjects also required exposure to other males. exposure to females after copulatory opportunity did not produce a sexual discrimination but facilitated i ...	2007	2598621
developmental stage affects eggshell-breaking strength in two ground-nesting birds: the partridge (alectoris rufa) and the quail (coturnix japonica).	we examined the relationship between embryo development and egg hardness in two ground nesting bird species, the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa; n = 165 eggs) and the quail (coturnix japonica; n = 148 eggs). for both species, we observed a strong effect of developmental stage on egg hardness. eggs near hatching were significantly weaker than unincubated eggs (partridge: 18 and 23 n, respectively, and the quail 7 and 10 n, respectively). we additionally explored the effect of incubation on ...	2007	17600815
energetic trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix).	we investigated a postulated trade-off between reproduction and immune function by comparing the energetic costs of an immune response with phytohemagglutinin challenge (or injection) in castrated (low testosterone [t]) and intact (high t) japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). intact birds had higher resting metabolic rate (rmr) and significantly lower immune response than castrates. rmr of intact birds did not change in response to an immune challenge, suggesting that maintenance of reproductive ...	2007	17647272
gross morphological and histological features of larynx, trachea and syrinx in japanese quail.	this study aimed at observing gross morphological and histological characteristics of the larynx, trachea and syrinx in coturnix coturnix japonicum (japanese quail). sixteen mature quails were divided into two groups. eight animals were stained with 0.1% methylene blue for 15 min, followed by 50% and 70% ethyl alcohol solution for gross morphological examination. for the observation of histological characteristics the larynx, trachea and syrinx were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and embedded in para ...	2007	17535355
micromelia in japanese quail. an embryonic lethal mutant.		2007	14057869
correlated response in yolk testosterone levels following divergent genetic selection for social behaviour in japanese quail.	maternal effects are a powerful tool that parents can use to modify the phenotype of their offspring. in birds, the amount of androgens that females deposit in their eggs has been shown to influence early development and adult behavioural phenotypes. differences in such behavioural strategies have been used as the target of artificial selection programmes with a view to improve animal welfare. in this study, we tested whether artificial selection for divergent social behaviour in japanese quail ...	2007	17171709
immunotoxicity of trenbolone acetate in japanese quail.	trenbolone acetate is a synthetic androgen that is currently used as a growth promoter in many meat-exporting countries. despite industry laboratories classifying trenbolone as nonteratogenic, data showed that embryonic exposure to this androgenic chemical altered development of the immune system in japanese quail. trenbolone is lipophilic, persistent, and released into the environment in manure used as soil fertilizer. this is the first study to date to assess this chemical's immunotoxic effect ...	2007	17162502
changes in the activity of soluble arylsulphatase during the post-hatch development and regression after light reduction of japanese quail testes and epididymides.	this study demonstrates that specific activity of soluble arylsulphatase (as) during post-hatch development of japanese quail testes is the highest for testes weighing from 20 to 200mg, and then decreases as the weight of testes increases, while as activity per g of wet tissue decreases steadily for testes weighing over 20 to 30 mg. total as activity showed a steady increase with the increasing weight of testes. the highest increments in the enzyme activity concerned testes weighing up to 30 mg ...	2007	16443338
comparison of egg production between two quail strains and their reciprocal crosses.	hen day (h-d) and hen-housed (h-h) egg production for 135 day period compared in two quail strains and their reciprocal crosses in two separate trails. at the first trail in two hatches 180 japanese quail (coturnix japanese) and 180 range quail (coturnix ypisilophorus) were reared in two different spaces [litter with sawdust (250 x 200 x 230 cm) and one-tier cage (50 x 50 x 70 cm)]. the 130-day period production was measured from date of first egg for each female. strain difference were not sign ...	2007	19090261
effects of vitamin e, age and sex on performance of japanese quail. 1. haematological indices and liver function.	1. a trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary vitamin e content, age and sex on haematological indices and liver enzymes of japanese quails. a total of 800 1-d-old quail chicks were assigned at random into 4 equal groups and fed on starter and layer diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 10 times the nrc recommended supplements of vitamin e. no selenium was added to the basal deficient diets; the other diets were supplied with 0.2 mg selenium/kg diet. 2. the investigation covered the age span ...	2007	18085449
development of biomarkers of endocrine disrupting activity in emerging amphibian model, silurana (xenopus) tropicalis.	because amphibians show peculiar ecological features and interesting responses to some hormones, it is conceivable that amphibians are very useful animals for assessing the toxic effects of environmental contaminants, including endocrine disrupters. to develop methods of detecting endocrine toxicity of environmental chemicals in amphibians, we have started to assemble a biomarker tool kit for an emerging amphibian model, silurana (xenopus) tropicalis. we isolated full-length cdnas encoding estro ...	2007	18030284
the effect of cadmium in combination with zinc and selenium on ovarian structure in japanese quails.	in this study the effect of cadmium, cadmium+selenium and cadmium+zinc administration on the ovarian structure in japanese quails was studied. the morphometric analysis of the relative volume of primary follicles detected the highest value in control group with a similar value in the group with administration of cadmium with selenium. lower relative volume is reported in group with cadmium and zinc administration and the group with simple cadmium administration (p < 0.05). the relative volume of ...	2007	17990164
analysis of polymorphisms in the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r) gene from japanese quail selected for body weight.	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf1r) is essential for the signalling of growth. in this study, we performed single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) detection in the japanese quail igf1r coding region and an association study between snps and body weight in two lines (ss and ll) selected for large and small body weight. of 21 snps obtained, a snp at position ab292766:c.2293g>a led to the replacement of a valine with an isoleucine (v765i). the two lines were fixed for alternate alleles, with ...	2007	17956593
divergent selection for shape of growth curve in japanese quail. 3. onset of sexual maturity and basic characteristics of early lay.	1. the onset of lay, quality of eggs during early lay and gonadal development of both sexes were analysed in meat-type lines of japanese quail, hg and lg divergently selected for high and low relative weight gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant body weight (bw) at 49 d of age. 2. the lg line was sexually mature at an earlier age and lower bw than the hg line. this corresponded with the trend during embryonic and early postnatal development. 3. analysis of gonads also confi ...	2007	17952726
sexual experience modulates neuronal activity in male japanese quail.	after an initial increase, repeated exposure to a particular stimulus or familiarity with an event results in lower immediate early gene expression levels in relevant brain structures. we predicted that similar effects would occur in japanese quail after repeated sexual experience within brain areas involved in sexual behavior, namely, the medial preoptic nucleus (pom), the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bst), and the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (tna), an avian homolog of medial amygdala. ...	2007	17826778
neuroendocrine and immune characteristics of aging in avian species.	avian species show a remarkable diversity in lifespan. the differing lifespan patterns are found across a number of birds, in spite of higher body temperature and apparent increased metabolic rate. these characteristics make study of age-related changes of great interest, especially for understanding the biology of aging associated with surprisingly long lifespan in some birds. our studies have focused on a short-lived avian model, the japanese quail in order to describe reproductive aging and t ...	2007	17675878
expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mrna in the brain of japanese quail embryos.	the present study was conducted to investigate the mrna expression of the two estrogen receptor (er) subtypes eralpha and erbeta in the brain of japanese quail embryos. we found expression of both eralpha and erbeta mrna in homogenate of whole head from 6-day-old embryos, and in brain homogenate from 9- and 12-day-old embryos using real-time pcr. in 9- and 12-day-old embryos the eralpha expression was higher in females than in males. we used in situ hybridization to examine the localization of t ...	2007	17638389
characterization of crf, avt, and acth cdna and pituitary-adrenal axis function in japanese quail divergently selected for tonic immobility.	higher corticosterone (cort) responses to acute stress have previously been reported in quail selected for short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) than for long ti (lti), although behavioral studies indicated that lti quail were more fearful. to investigate adrenal and pituitary function in these quail lines and their possible involvement in the differences in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis reactivity, we measured cort responses to adrenocorticotropin (1-24 acth), corticotropin- ...	2007	17626128
photoperiodic changes in hypothalamic insulin receptor gene expression are regulated by gonadal testosterone.	in order to adapt to seasonal changes, animals exhibit robust changes in their reproductive status, body weight, and molt. however, the molecular mechanisms regulating such seasonal changes in physiology and behavior are not fully understood. here, we report the photoperiodic regulation of the insulin receptor (ir) gene in the infundibular nucleus (anatomically homologous to the mammalian arcuate nucleus) of the japanese quail. when the birds were transferred from short-day to long-day condition ...	2007	17618942
association of the fads2 gene with omega-6 and omega-3 pufa concentration in the egg yolk of japanese quail.	this study focused on the association of polymorphisms of the fads2 gene with fatty acid profiles in egg yolk of eight japanese quail lines selected for high and low omega-6:omega-3 pufa ratio (h2 = 0.36-0.38). for the identification of polymorphisms within the fads2 gene 1350 bp of cdna sequence were obtained encoding 404 amino acids. five synonymous snps were found by comparative sequencing of animals of the high and low lines. these snps were genotyped by single base extension on 160 japanese ...	2007	17612842
inbreeding in japanese quail estimated by pedigree and microsatellite analyses.	accurately estimating inbreeding is important because inbreeding reduces fitness and production traits in populations. we analyzed information from pedigrees and from microsatellite markers to estimate inbreeding in a line of japanese quail derived from a randombred line (qo) and maintained for 17 generations by pedigreed matings of brothers to groups of sisters. pedigree data were used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient (f(it)), which is the level of inbreeding based on a reference ancesto ...	2007	17602180
differential c-fos expression in the brain of male japanese quail following exposure to stimuli that predict or do not predict the arrival of a female.	we investigated the effects of presenting a sexual conditioned stimulus on the expression of c-fos in male japanese quail. eight brain sites were selected for analysis based on previous reports of c-fos expression in these areas correlated with sexual behaviour or learning. males received either paired or explicitly unpaired presentations of an arbitrary stimulus and visual access to a female. nine conditioning trials were conducted, one per day, for each subject. on the day following the ninth ...	2007	17561846
melatonin and its synthesizing enzymes (arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase-like and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase) in avian eggs and early embryos.	the presence of melatonin and the enzymes (transcripts and activities) involved in its synthesis, i.e. arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat) and hydroxyindole-o-methyltransferase (hiomt), was investigated in the eggs and early embryos of japanese quail at hamburger-hamilton stages 1-10. melatonin was present in the egg yolk (approximately 70 pg/g) and albumen (approximately 20 pg/g). the average content of melatonin was approximately 416 pg/egg. aa-nat and hiomt transcripts were present in ...	2007	17349030
cocaine sensitization in male quail: temporal, conditioning, and dose-dependent characteristics.	chronic cocaine administration typically results in increased locomotor activity, known as behavioral sensitization. investigating the time course of locomotor activity across trials may provide a more detailed analysis of the temporal changes that might occur within sensitization. prior research with rodents shows that the peak of locomotor activity shifts from acute to chronic drug administration. the purpose of the current experiment was to investigate acute versus chronic cocaine effects on ...	2007	17316715
effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 on regulation of food intake, body temperature and locomotor activity in the japanese quail.	to investigate the physiological roles of glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (glp-2) in avian species, we elucidated the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of glp-1 and glp-2 on food intake, body temperature and gross locomotor activity in adult japanese quail. both i.p. and i.c.v. administration of glp-1 suppressed food intake at 2, 4 and 12h after administration. moreover, both i.p. and i.c.v. administration of glp-1 si ...	2007	17267112
an age-specific 35-kda phosphoprotein binds to a repressor element in the ovalbumin gene promoter in the avian species japanese quail.	the ovalbumin (ov) gene is expressed in the tubular gland cells of the avian oviduct in a specific manner under the control of developmental, tissue-specific, and hormonal cues. the expression is controlled by an array of positive and negative cis-acting elements present up to 1 kb upstream of its transcription start site. our findings presented in this communication indicate that a well-characterized repressor element may be involved in active repression of the gene during aging. at least two p ...	2007	17263596
behavioural and endocrine fear responses in japanese quail upon presentation of a novel object in the home cage.	most tests used to study fear in birds involve transferring them to a novel environment, which constitutes a bias in studies aiming at identifying the neural correlates of a specific fear-inducing situation. in order to investigate fear in birds with minimum interference by humans, behavioural and endocrine responses to the presentation of a novel object in the home cage were investigated in two lines of japanese quail divergently selected for long or short duration of tonic immobility, a behavi ...	2008	17720332
[effect of chronic exposure to low doses of ionized radiation on embryonal development of the japanese quail].	experiments on japanese quail embryogenesis on a background of chronic exposure to gamma- and neutron doses comparable with the doses of ionized radiation inside the orbital space stations mir and iss, and exploration vehicles gave evidence that permanent absorption of low gamma-doses (0,15 cgy/d) did not impact development of the japanese quail embryos. on the contrary, the neutron dose of 200 microgy/d imparted by the neutron flux of 30 particles/cm2s was hazardous to embryos as it caused morp ...	2008	18672515
influences of maternal corticosterone and selection for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness in japanese quail on developmental instability of female progeny.	differences in developmental instability were assessed in female offspring of japanese quail hens selected for reduced (low stress, ls) or exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticosterone (b) response to stress and treated with a placebo or b during egg formation. hens of each line were implanted (s.c.) with either a silastic tube containing no b (controls) or one filled with b. female chicks hatched from each of the 4 line x implant treatment combinations were retained for examination of 3 b ...	2008	18648041
changes in vasotocin immunoreactivity of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of japanese quail in relation to different phases of sexual development.	in relevance to osmoregulatory and reproductive functions, activity of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons may also vary seasonally. the current study was performed to determine annual changes in ir-avt neurons of hypothalamus and adrenal gland function. we examined changes in ir-avt neuron by immunohistochemical method and plasma testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. the steroidogenic interrenal activity was studied by histological and biochemical methods. birds were sampled in febru ...	2008	17900850
brain microvascular and intracranial artery resistance to atherosclerosis is associated with heme oxygenase and ferritin in japanese quail.	oxidative stress and increased oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (oxldl) through free radical-mediated tissue injury may be important factors in the development of extracranial atherosclerotic lesions. however, the roles of oxidative stress and hypercholesterolemia in intracranial atherosclerosis is less established. the induction of heme oxygenase (ho) is a cellular response to oxidative stress, and inducible ho (ho-1) may protect against oxidized lipids such as those produced by oxidative s ...	2008	17846865
cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioning in male japanese quail.	repeated intermittent cocaine treatment often results in behavioral sensitization or an augmented response to cocaine. cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization may be an important contributor to cocaine addiction and abuse. some studies have also shown that conditioned drug effects may play a role in behavioral sensitization. the current experiment utilized a simplified discrimination paradigm to investigate behavioral sensitization and the role of conditioning in an avian species. male japanese ...	2008	18022219
neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of embryonic exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in birds.	endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) exert hormone-like activity in vertebrates and exposure to these compounds may induce both short- and long-term deleterious effects including functional alterations that contribute to decreased reproduction and fitness. an overview of the effects of a number of edcs, including androgenic and estrogenic compounds, will be considered. many studies have been conducted in the precocial japanese quail, which provides an excellent avian model for testing these com ...	2008	18006066
transition of hemoglobin between two tertiary conformations: the transition constant differs significantly for the major and minor hemoglobins of the japanese quail (cortunix cortunix japonica).	we demonstrate that 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) - dtnb - reacts with only cysf9[93]beta and cysb5[23]beta among the multiple sulfhydryl groups of the major and minor hemoglobins of the japanese quail (cortunix cortunix japonica). k(equ), the equilibrium constant for the reaction, does not differ very significantly between the two hemoglobins. it decreases 430-fold between ph approximately 5.6 and ph approximately 9: from a mean of 7+/-1 to a mean of 0.016+/-0.003. quantitative analyses of th ...	2008	17991448
divergent selection for shape of growth curve in japanese quail. 4. carcase composition and thyroid hormones.	1. changes in the relative weights of carcase, abdominal fat, breast and leg muscles, and plasma thyroid hormone concentrations occurring during the first 6 weeks of postnatal growth were analysed in males of hg and lg lines divergently selected for high and low relative body weight (bw) gain between 11 and 28 d of age, respectively, and constant adult bw. 2. the second week of postnatal life was a critical age at which the hg males exhibited a relatively faster growth in comparison to their lg ...	2008	18409082
melatonin receptor genes (mel-1a, mel-1b, mel-1c) are differentially expressed in the avian germ line.	the presence of melatonin receptor transcripts (mel-1a, mel-1b and mel-1c) was investigated in primordial germ cells (pgcs), immature and mature oocytes, and sperm of japanese quail by reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the mel-1a transcript was detected in as few as in a thousand pgcs. significant differences in the expression of melatonin receptor genes were found in differentiating germ cells: in pgcs only the mel-1a receptor was expressed, in blastoderms and immature ...	2008	18288645
zinc in a combination with magnesium helps reducing negative effects of heat stress in quails.	the objective of this study was to investigate whether zinc (zn) along with magnesium (mg) is effective in alleviating the negative effects of heat stress in japanese quails. one hundred and twenty 10-day-old healthy japanese quails were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, three replicates of ten birds each. the birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 30 mg of zn/kg of diet, 600 mg of mg/kg of diet, or 30 mg of zn + 600 mg of mg/kg of diet. the birds ...	2008	18188513
enhanced neural activation in brain regions mediating sexual responses following exposure to a conditioned stimulus that predicts copulation.	stimuli associated with sexual behavior increase reproductive success if presented prior to copulation. in japanese quail, inseminations that take place in a context that predicts the arrival of a female are more likely to result in fertilized eggs. we demonstrate here that in male japanese quail a sexual conditioned stimulus (cs) also enhances activity in two brain regions that mediate sexual behavior, the medial preoptic area and the medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. c-fo ...	2008	18164139
open-field temporal pattern of ambulation in japanese quail genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to brief manual restraint.	japanese quail selected for a low-stress (ls), rather than a high-stress (hs), plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint have been shown to possess lower fearfulness and a nonspecific reduction in stress responsiveness. detrended fluctuation analysis provides information on the organization and complexity of temporal patterns of behavior. the present study evaluated the temporal pattern of ambulation of ls and hs quail in an open field that represented a novel environment. time series of ...	2008	18931167
effect of egg turning and incubation time on carbonic anhydrase gene expression in the blastoderm of the japanese quail (coturnix c. japonica).	1. the gene expression of carbonic anhydrase, a key enzyme for the production of sub-embryonic fluid (sef), was assessed in turned and unturned eggs of the japanese quail. the plasma membrane-associated isoforms ca iv, ca ix, ca xii, ca xiv, and the cytoplasmic isoform ca ii, were investigated in the extra-embryonic tissue of the blastoderm and in embryonic blood. 2. eggs were incubated at 37.6 degrees c, c.60% rh, and turned hourly (90 degrees ) or left unturned. from 48 to 96 h of incubation m ...	2008	18836903
ontogeny of copulatory behaviour in male japanese quail classified by their t-maze performance as hatchlings.	1. this study examines the time courses of male mating behaviours using quail that were categorised at 2 d of age as high performance (hp) or low performance (lp) individuals in a t-maze. 2. individually caged males from each t-maze category were observed for 5 min after a female of the same category (hp or lp) was introduced into their home cages as a sexual partner at 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks of age. the number of grabs, mounts and cloacal contacts performed by each male and his copulatory ...	2008	18704786
diurnal variation in the cellular and humoral immune responses of japanese quail: role of melatonin.	experiments were conducted to determine if diurnal variations occur in the cellular and humoral immune responses of sexually mature, male japanese quail and if this diurnal variation is mediated by the daily rhythm of melatonin. in experiment 1, quail were exposed to ld 12:12 light-dark cycles and immune responses were measured in response to a single antigenic challenge given to different groups every 4h over a 24h period. diurnal changes occurred in both the cellular and humoral immune respons ...	2008	18703065
genetic differences in coping strategies in response to prolonged and repeated restraint in japanese quail divergently selected for long or short tonic immobility.	exposure to fearful situations elicits behavioral and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis responses characteristic of the coping response of individual animals to counteract environmental challenges. the aim of this study was to investigate behavioral and corticotropic responses concomitantly following prolonged or repeated restraint stress by placing two genotypes of japanese quail divergently selected for long (lti) or short (sti) duration of tonic immobility (ti) in a crush cage. in our ...	2008	18675817