Publications

[prognostic value of antibodies anti-chlamydia pneumoniae in ischemic heart disease].	coronary artery disease has been related to infection by chlamydia pneumoniae even only in a few studies the association between presence of antibodies to this microorganism and the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease has been assessed. the objective of our study was to assess the impact of positivity of anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in the morbidity and mortality associated to ischemic heart disease.	2004	15511404
repetitive measurements of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy control subjects and dialysis patients: a prospective study.	infection with chlamydia pneumoniae has been suggested to play a role in the development and maintenance of atherosclerosis. however, the course of c. pneumoniae infection is not clarified. thus, both the persistence of c. pneumoniae dna in blood and the tendency to recurrence have not been studied. we determined the prevalence of c. pneumoniae dna in the white cells of the peripheral blood in 98 dialysis patients and in 52 healthy subjects. blood samples were collected approximately 6 times fro ...	2004	15513396
[severe chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and steroid therapy in an elderly patient].	a 75-year-old man first developed dyspnea and low-grade fever in late march. a chest x-ray film showed infiltration in the right lower lung field and blood gas analysis revealed severe hypoxemia. accordingly, he was diagnosed as having pneumonia and was admitted to our hospital on march 11, 2003. mechanical ventilation for progressive respiratory failure was started immediately after admission, and he was treated with antibiotics. chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed due to an increase o ...	2004	15515739
increased frequency of detection of chlamydophila pneumoniae in asthma.	previous studies have suggested that chronic chlamydophila pneumoniae infection may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. however, most studies have been based on serology and have been unable to differentiate acute from chronic infection. the present authors assessed the presence of acute and chronic c. pneumoniae infection in 74 spouse pairs, each consisting of one atopic asthmatic and one nonatopic nonasthmatic. nasal secretions were sampled every 2 weeks from october to december and act ...	2004	15516667
[chlamydia pneumoniae and cardiovascular diseases].	the theories formulated to explain atherogenesis evolved from vessel wall lipid to endothelial dysfunction with vascular wall remodelling. chlamydia pneumoniae has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of inflammatory and immunological process and can initiate atherogenesis. this pathogen is found in atherosclerotic plaques, which can induce complex activation of local inflammatory and immunological events and lead to the development of unstable plaque, vascular remodell ...	2004	15518326
dyslipidemia, elevated ldl cholesterol and reduced nocturnal blood pressure dipping denote lacunar strokes occurring during nighttime.	previous studies have shown a peak occurrence of ischemic stroke in the morning but no consistent finding has been attributed to this. focused on lacunar strokes we performed a prospective study with a detailed diagnostic protocol including parameters of recent infection, indicators of sleep apnea and cerebral vasoreactivity (cvr), aimed at defining differences in risk profiles between diurnal and nocturnal strokes. consecutively we included 33 nocturnal and 54 diurnal strokes. baseline characte ...	2004	15525295
identification of chlamydophila pneumoniae in an emerald tree boa, corallus caninus.	tissues were evaluated from emerald tree boas, corallus caninus, from a collection in which chlamydiosis was diagnosed. to determine the strain of chlamydia infecting these snakes, tissue samples from 5 frozen snakes were tested by a quantitative taqman polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test and a pcr sequence analysis test. of the 22 samples tested, 9 were categorized as either positive or weakly positive with the taqman test, and 6 yielded an amplicon using a serial pcr test that amplified a por ...	2004	15053368
acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following doxycycline treatment of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a patient with dermatomyositis.	a 48-year-old white female who was suffering from dermatomyositis and chlamydia pneumoniae infection, developed acute rapidly fatal thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) following treatment with steroids and doxycycline. as a relationship between ttp and the inflammatory myopathies is now probably well established, it is very likely that our patient's ttp became manifest in association with dermatomyositis. nevertheless, c. pneumoniae infection and doxycycline therapy cannot be excluded enti ...	2004	15053810
comparative study of the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492.	the in vitro activity of a new fluoroquinolone, abt-492, was determined.	2004	15056651
use of quantitative and objective enzyme immunoassays to investigate the possible association between chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies and asthma.	sera from 150 consecutive patients with established asthma and 150 matched controls were examined for chlamydia pneumoniae igg and iga with commercially available enzyme immunoassays (eias) detecting immune response solely to surface proteins of elementary bodies. the assays were also modified to measure combined immune response to surface proteins and family-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. mycoplasma pneumoniae igg and iga were measured with new commercial eias utilising p1-enriched protei ...	2004	15059128
inactivation of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae by ozone.	to clarify the inhibitory effects of ozone on chlamydia trachomatis and c. pneumoniae.	2004	15059212
comparative genomics of gene-family size in closely related bacteria.	the wealth of genomic data in bacteria is helping microbiologists understand the factors involved in gene innovation. among these, the expansion and reduction of gene families appears to have a fundamental role in this, but the factors influencing gene family size are unclear.	2004	15059260
epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children.	the precise epidemiology of childhood pneumonia remains poorly defined. accurate and prompt etiologic diagnosis is limited by inadequate clinical, radiologic, and laboratory diagnostic methods. the objective of this study was to determine as precisely as possible the epidemiology and morbidity of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children.	2004	15060215
is chlamydia pneumoniae infection associated with stroke in children with sickle cell disease?	stroke is often a devastating complication of sickle cell disease (scd). most children with scd-related stroke have stenotic and occlusive disease of cerebral blood vessels due to intimal hyperplasia. this hyperplasia is hypothesized to result from an inflammatory response similar to that in atherosclerosis and has been attributed to infection by chlamydia pneumoniae.	2004	15060260
macrolide therapy for chlamydia pneumoniae in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.	as recent studies have shown that antibiotic therapy to eradicate chlamydia pneumoniae may be beneficial in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease, and studies to date may have lacked statistical power, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine the role of antibiotic therapy in this patient population.	2004	15040646
a thermostable manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae.	the gene cp0718 encoding a putative manganese-containing superoxide dismutase of chlamydia pneumoniae ar39 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. characterization showed that the expressed protein with a monomeric molecular mass of 23.1 kda had superoxide dismutase (sod) activity and the cofactor of cpsod was a bivalent manganese cation. it is unexpected that this enzyme was hyperthermostable, and maintained about 90% activity after incubation at 70 degrees c for 60 min. manganese binding ...	2004	15043996
first-choice antibiotics at subinhibitory concentrations induce persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae.	persistent growth forms of chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with chronic infections in vivo. we investigated the effects of first-line therapeutics on the induction of persistence by monitoring recoverable organisms, gene expression of membrane proteins, and morphology. we found that all of the antibiotics tested have distinct and subinhibitory concentrations at which they induce persistence.	2004	15047553
chlamydia pneumoniae--an infectious risk factor for atherosclerosis?	cardiovascular disease, of which atherosclerosis is an important component, is the leading cause of death in the western world. although there are well-defined risk factors for atherosclerosis, these factors do not account for all incidences of the disease. because atherosclerotic processes are typified by chronic inflammatory responses, which are similar to those that are elicited by chronic infection, the role of infection in promoting or accelerating atherosclerosis has received renewed atten ...	2004	15035006
cloning, expression, and characterization of uracil-dna glycosylase of chlamydia pneumoniae in escherichia coli.	a uracil-dna glycosylase gene was cloned from chlamydia pneumoniae ar39 and expressed in e. coli strains bl21 (de3) and bl21 (de3) plyss. after purification by ni-nta his x bind resin and deae sepharose fast flow column chromatography, recombinant cpudg with a specific activity of 1,000,000 u/mg was obtained. the enzymatic activity of the purified cpudg protein was further characterized using oligodeoxyribonucleotides carrying uracil bases as substrates. the base opposite to uracil in double str ...	2004	15039065
chlamydial persistence: beyond the biphasic paradigm.		2004	15039303
clinical inquiries. what is the best macrolide for atypical pneumonia?		2004	15000931
experimental infection by chlamydia pneumoniae in the hamster.	we report that intraperitoneal injection of chlamydia pneumoniae purified elementary bodies (ebs) in the hamster causes a systemic infection allowing the isolation of viable chlamydiae from several organs for several days post-infection (p.i.). in particular, spleen infection occurred up to day 7 p.i. in 100% of animals. systemic infection probably occurs via macrophages as intraperitoneally injected chlamydiae which are taken up by the hamster macrophages remain viable and can infect in vitro c ...	2004	15003640
chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma: more than just exacerbations.		2004	15007366
etiological agents of lower respiratory tract infections in japanese children.	to investigate the etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia and bronchitis, we conducted a prospective, population-based study covering the total population < 15 years of age in 16 municipalities in hokkaido, japan, during the period of april 2000 to march 2001. chest radiographs were available for all cases (n = 921; 398 as pneumonia and 523 as bronchitis) and paired sera for serologic assays were available for more than half of the cases. the following specimens were also collected: ...	2004	15011754
[miller-fisher syndrome: clinical features, associated infections and clinical course in 8 cases].	miller-fisher syndrome (mfs) is considered the most common variant of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. respiratory involvement and relapses are unusual. patients with mfs usually have a good recovery and no residual deficits. we describe the clinical features, associated infections and evolution in eight patients with mfs.	2004	15012892
chlamydia pneumoniae induces alzheimer-like amyloid plaques in brains of balb/c mice.	amyloid deposits resembling plaques found in alzheimer's disease (ad) brains were formed in the brains of non-transgenic balb/c mice following intranasal infection with chlamydia pneumoniae. the mice were infected at 3 months of age with c. pneumoniae isolated from an ad brain. infection was confirmed by light and electron microscopy in olfactory tissues of the mice. c. pneumoniae was still evident in these tissues 3 months after the initial infection indicating that a persistent infection had b ...	2004	15013562
mycoplasma pneumoniae in elderly patients with stroke. a case-control study on the seroprevalence of m. pneumoniae in elderly patients with acute cerebrovascular disease - the m-peps study.	previous studies have suggested certain infections as potential risk factors for stroke. chlamydia pneumoniae, an atypical respiratory pathogen, has been linked to atherosclerotic vascular diseases. mycoplasma pneumoniae, another atypical respiratory micro-organism, can rarely cause stroke. we investigated whether serological markers of m. pneumoniae infection were associated with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (tia) in elderly patients.	2004	15026614
[the role of chlamydial infection in development of acute respiratory diseases in children].	the examination of 245 children with respiratory diseases has detected chlamydia in 45 (18.4%) of them. chlamydial species were identified and clinical symptoms of acute respiratory diseases (ard) of chlamydial etiology are described. five serological groups of patients depending on the presence or absence of chlamydial infection markers were recognized. antibacterial drug treatment showed that most effective were sumamed, rulid and clindamycin. long-term outcomes in relation to the kind of trea ...	2004	15029120
role of atypical bacterial infection of the lung in predisposition/protection of asthma.	asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airways that results in airway narrowing and wheezing. allergic asthma is characterised by a t-helper cell-type (th) 2 response, immunoglobulin (ig) e production, and eosinophilic influx into the airways. recently, many clinical studies have implicated mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in the development and exacerbation of both chronic and acute asthma. it is widely accepted that m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae infections require th1 i ...	2004	15030999
chlamydia pneumoniae infection and inflammation in adults with asthma.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection and immune response to the c. pneumoniae heat shock protein 60 (cphsp60) have been suggested to be associated with asthma.	2004	15031565
the interactions between human dendritic cells and microbes; possible clinical applications of dendritic cells.	the dendritic cells comprise several subsets that induce and regulate the immune responses against foreign and self-antigens, and that can therefore function as initiators of protective immunity and inducers of central or peripheral tolerance. the different subpopulations of dendritic cells interact with and also influence other cell populations of the immune system, such as t and b lymphocytes and natural killer cells. the factors that determine the given dendritic cell functions depend on the ...	2004	15550994
[etiology of the epidemic outbreak of community-acquired pneumonia in children in st. petersburg].	in september-december 1998 the epidemic rise of outhospital pneumonia (ep) among children was observed in st. petersburg, which led to a twofold increase in morbidity rate this year. the study of the etiology of ep during the period of 1998-2001 confirmed the prime role of streptococcus pneumoniae (74.5%) and, for the first time in russia, revealed the epidemic outbreak of acute chlamydiosis (chlamydia pneumoniae), diagnosed in 67.3% of children, the maximum occurrence (87.5%) in 1998 with only ...	2004	15554304
effects of cox-2 inhibitors on ros produced by chlamydia pneumoniae-primed human promonocytic cells (thp-1).	chronic inflammation through foam cells and macrophages is important in atherosclerosis development, and can be considered as therapeutic targets. cyclooxygenase and nadph-oxidase were expressed within atherosclerotic lesions. reactive oxygen species produced by nadph oxidase were found to trigger the cyclooxygenase-2 expression. the effects of preferential cox-2 inhibitors on ros produced by chlamydia-primed human monocytes (thp-1 cells) were evaluated by fluorescence, chemiluminescence, oxymet ...	2004	15555544
empiric treatment of ambulatory community-acquired pneumonia: always include treatment for atypical agents.	there are no data from proper studies to answer whether it is necessary to include antibiotics that are active against atypical pneumonia agents as part of the empiric therapy of cap. until such data are available, clinical judgment and severity of the pneumonic illness are the best guides to empiric antimicrobial therapy.	2004	15555827
glucocorticoids increase in vitro and in vivo activities of antibiotics against chlamydophila pneumoniae.	the in vitro and in vivo antichlamydial activities of dexamethasone and beclomethasone alone and in combination with an antibiotic were tested. in vitro, dexamethasone and beclomethasone decreased the number of inclusion-forming units versus the control number (p < 0.001). the combination of glucocorticoids with azithromycin, telithromycin, or levofloxacin was more active than antibiotics used alone (p < 0.001). the combination, tested in a murine chlamydophila pneumoniae infection model, produc ...	2004	15561871
chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infection upregulates atherosclerosis-related gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs).	there is accumulating evidence that supports a role of infection in atherosclerosis, with possible mechanism by injuring to the endothelium and inducing an autoimmune response to heat shock proteins (hsps). in this study, a cdna array, containing 588 human cardiovascular genes, was utilized to analyze the gene expression profile of chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs). after 48h of c. pneumoniae infection, the huvecs were harvested and sub ...	2004	15530896
heat shock protein 60 autoimmunity and early lipid lesions in cholesterol-fed c57bl/6jbom mice during chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection and autoimmunity to heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) have both been documented to be associated with atherosclerosis. herein, we studied the effects of c. pneumoniae infection and a diet with a low-cholesterol supplement on the development of autoantibodies to mouse hsp60 and early lipid lesions in the aortic valve of c57bl/6jbom mice. in addition, pulmonary infection was investigated. c57bl/6jbom mice were given one to three c. pneumoniae inoculations and fed ...	2004	15530906
carotid intima-media thickness, cardiovascular risk factors and albuminuria in a remote australian aboriginal community.	rates of cardiovascular disease and renal disease in australian aboriginal communities are high, as is the prevalence of some 'traditional' cardiovascular (cv) risk factors, such as diabetes and cigarette smoking. recent work has highlighted the importance of markers of inflammation, such as c-reactive protein (crp), homocysteine and albuminuria as predictors of cardiovascular risk in urban westernized settings. it is not clear how these factors relate to outcome in the setting of these remote c ...	2004	15530919
genome-based vaccines.	vaccination is an effective possibility to prevent many bacterial or viral infections, but for several important pathogens still no vaccines are available. the sequences of complete genomes are now decoded for an increasing number of bacterial pathogens and offer the possibility for comprehensive screenings to identify targets for vaccine development. in this article current genomic approaches to identify antigenic proteins of neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aure ...	2004	15532988
[intra-arterial microorganism infection in patients with acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris].		2004	15535910
[relationship between the peripheral arterial occlusive disease and the infection by chlamydophila pneumoniae].	the relationship between peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod) and chlamydophila pneumoniae infection was studied by analyzing clinical samples from 95 patients with paod (cases) and 100 controls.	2004	15535936
effect of levofloxacin on the viability of intracellular chlamydia pneumoniae and modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes.	although antibiotics are known to affect the intracellular growth of chlamydia pneumoniae in acute infections, their efficacy in therapy for chronic infections, including atherosclerosis, remains debatable. human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) obtained from monocytes of healthy donors were infected with c. pneumoniae ar-39 and treated with levofloxacin (8 microg/ml) immediately after infection (0 hours) or 24 hours after infection. levofloxacin treatment at 24 hours, but not at 0 hours, resu ...	2004	15541607
genome reduction in prokaryotic obligatory intracellular parasites of humans: a comparative analysis.	obligatory intracellular parasites have undergone significant genome reduction by gene loss over time in the context of their obligate associations with the host. the flux, streamlining and elimination of genes in these genomes constitute a selective and ongoing process. comparative analyses of five completely sequenced obligatory intracellular parasite genomes reveal that these genomes display marked similarities in patterns of protein length and frequency distribution, with substantial sharing ...	2004	15545414
influence of doxycycline on clinical and angiographic outcome following percutaneous coronary intervention.	infection with chlamydia pneumoniae may be involved in atherosclerosis. neointima proliferation after percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) could be aggravated by proinflammatory action of chronic vascular chlamydial infection. we investigated the influence of doxycycline therapy on restenosis rate and adverse clinical event rates after pci.	2004	15546298
effect of a short antibiotic treatment with roxithromycin on circulating adhesion molecules after coronary stenting: a single-center pilot trial.	the aim of this study was to assess the effect of periprocedural antibiotic treatment with roxithromycin on circulating cell adhesion molecules and restenosis after coronary stent implantation.	2004	15568594
oral health, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease.	during the last two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the impact of oral health on atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (cvd). the advent of the inflammation paradigm in coronary pathogenesis stimulated research in chronic infections caused by a variety of micro-organisms-such as chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, and cytomegalovirus-as well as dental pathogens, since these chronic infections are thought to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of cvd by re ...	2004	15574681
[significance of antibacterial therapy of chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in patients with bronchial asthma].	to study effects of eradication of chlamydophila pneumoniae cp) infection in bronchial asthma (ba) on ba course and changes in quality of life (qol) in ba patients.	2004	15575487
chlamydophila pneumoniae induces p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in human fibroblasts through toll-like receptor 4.	chlamydophila pneumoniae, an obligately intracellular gram-negative bacterium and a common causative agent of respiratory tract infections, has been implicated in the induction and progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. in this study, the signalling mechanism of c. pneumoniae in human fibroblasts, a prominent cell population in chronic inflammation and persistent infection, contributing to plaque formation, was investigated. c. pneumoniae elementary bodies were demonstrated ...	2004	15585496
[infection with chlamydophila pneumoniae as a cause of female infertility of tubal origin?].	a contribution to the role of chlamydophila pneumoniae in women from the ivf program.	2004	15587889
treatment with appropriate antibiotic therapy in community-acquired respiratory tract infections.		2004	15603247
chlamydia pneumoniae igg serological status and venous thromboembolism: a cross-sectional hospital based study.	to search for a link between chlamydia pneumoniae serological status and venous thromboembolic disease.	2004	15614169
antimicrobial therapy in community-acquired pneumonia among emergency patients in a university hospital in japan.	as antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia has not been well established in japan, this study was designed to obtain a more definitive standard for antimicrobial treatment of this condition. two hundred and thirty-one emergency patients admitted to kyorin university hospital between january 1998 and december 2000 were retrospectively analyzed in respect to their age, underlying disease, causative organism, and primary treatment with antimicrobial agent. furthermore, the severity and prognosis were a ...	2004	15614461
is giant cell arteritis an infectious disease? biological and epidemiological evidence.	the etiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica remains unknown, although the hla-dr4 group and the pre-existence of a degenerative vascular disease are confirmed risk factors. the incidence may vary between countries, but the north-south gradient should be considered with caution because of potential detection and collection bias. infectious trigger factors have been looked for both at the epidemiological and biological level: annual, cyclic variations of incidence have been sho ...	2004	15615251
patterns of sequence divergence in 5' intergenic spacers and linked coding regions in 10 species of pathogenic bacteria reveal distinct recombinational histories.	we compared the pattern of nucleotide difference in 8034 genes and in their 5' intergenic spacers between conspecific pairs of genomes from 10 species of pathogenic bacteria. certain genes or spacers showed much greater sequence divergence between the genotypes compared to others; such divergent regions plausibly originated by recombinational events by which a gene and/or spacers was donated from a divergent genome. different patterns of divergence in genes and spacers identified different recom ...	2004	15611157
myocarditis, microbes and autoimmunity.	acute and chronic myocarditis can be caused by a number of infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and protozoa. these diseases are refractory to treatment, and the development of rational therapies will require a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the pathological inflammatory responses. here, we review three infectious myocarditides that, despite the dissimilarity of the microorganisms, share several common features: (i) the microbes replicate in the heart; but (ii) ...	2004	15621561
chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila in elderly patients with stroke (c-peps, m-peps, l-peps): a case-control study on the infectious burden of atypical respiratory pathogens in elderly patients with acute cerebrovascular disease.	multiple studies have suggested an association between chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease. we investigated whether the risk of cerebrovascular disease is associated with legionella pneumophila infection and the aggregate number/infectious burden of these atypical respiratory pathogens.	2004	15625297
pathohistological changes in diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and chronic infection caused by chlamydia pneumonia.		2004	15678594
the role of the infectious agents in the pathogenesis and evolution of atherosclerosis.	atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process due to the endothelial reaction to stress risk factors, only some of which are known. clinical and experimental observations have suggested that several infectious agents are involved in this process. these agents, particularly the germ chlamydia pneumoniae, and their relationship to the atheromata are described. two hypotheses concerning how these infectious agents act are suggested. both hypotheses are based on the capacity of these agents to i ...	2004	15678705
[choice of antimicrobial drug for infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila pneumoniae].	chlamydia (c.) trachomatis is the most common bacterial cause of sexually transmitted disease in the world. a well documented feature of chlamydial infection is its high rate of recurrence among sexually active populations. however, it is difficult to distinguish whether the high rate of recurrent disease is due to reinfection or to persistent infection with the same organism. of particular concern in this era of increasing antibiotic resistance is whether persistent infection is the consequence ...	2004	15700690
interaction of microbiology and pathology in women undergoing investigations for infertility.	cases of endometriosis with no tubal damage are associated with infertility, suggesting an immunological rather than mechanical barrier to reproduction. laparoscopy and falloposcopy results of clinically asymptomatic women undergoing investigation of infertility were correlated with the outcomes of microbiological screening for chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma species, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis and chlamydia pneumoniae.	2004	15763913
intermittent azithromycin treatment for respiratory symptoms in patients with chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) is a common respiratory pathogen with a biphasic replicative cycle and has a tendency to cause chronic infections. azithromycin is commonly used for the treatment of cpn infections, but little is known about the optimal dose and duration of therapy. in this prospective double-blind, randomized study the effects of azithromycin and placebo were compared regarding longstanding airway and/or pharyngeal symptoms in patients with chronic cpn infection. further, effects on a ...	2004	15764166
[can we be infected with atherosclerosis?].	atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of the contemporary medicine and it is the most frequent reason of deaths in western countries. conventional risk factors are responsible for only 50% cases of atherosclerosis. investigations performed over last 20 years revealed new risk factors, like for example bacterial and viral infections. in recent scientific descriptions chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori and viruses from herpesviridae family (cytomegalovirus hominis, epstein-b ...	2004	15628061
antibiotics for coronary disease: it's time to move on.		2004	15628106
detection of cytomegalovirus, helicobacter pylori and chlamydia pneumoniae dna in carotid atherosclerotic plaques by the polymerase chain reaction.	cytomegalovirus (cmv), helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) and chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) have been associated with human atherosclerosis. the reported rates of detection within atherosclerotic lesions by pcr vary widely for all of these pathogens. we investigated their presence in carotid atherosclerotic plaques.	2004	15636450
toll-like receptors 2 and 4 do not contribute to clearance of chlamydophila pneumoniae in mice, but are necessary for the release of monokines.	activation of immune cells by chlamydophila pneumoniae in vitro has been shown to be toll-like receptor (tlr2)-dependent, but tlr4 is also involved to a minor extent. to investigate the role of tlr2 and tlr4 in vivo, a murine model of c. pneumoniae infection was established. mice were infected intranasally with a low inoculum of 106 c. pneumoniae elementary bodies (eb) and spreading of bacteria was monitored by real-time pcr. the bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) showed maximal bacterial load on the ...	2004	15638128
molecular genetic methods in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.	molecular diagnostic techniques, such as pcr, have become useful tools for the rapid etiological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) have been evaluated for detecting most respiratory pathogens, and commercial assays are available for some pathogens. however, standardized protocols are needed before these assays are introduced into routine diagnostic use. for pneumonia, naats offer advantages over conventional tests for the detection of mycop ...	2004	15638835
atypical bacterial pneumonia and asthma risk.	the role of respiratory infections in asthma is poorly understood. atypical bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae are present in the lower airways of approximately 50% of asthmatics. this study tested the hypothesis that early life community-acquired pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae or chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with increased asthma prevalence. thirty-five subjects with a history of community-acquired pneumonia (22 due to atypical bacteria, 13 due to nonatypic ...	2004	15641636
serological study on chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.	this study aimed to evaluate the incidence of chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in patients with community acquired pneumonia (cap) by a new elisa test (eia cp-igg, iga, igm--eurospital, trieste, italy). from january 1999 to july 2001 141 patients with clinical signs of cap were enrolled in sixteen italian hospitals. specific igm and igg antibodies anti-c. pneumoniae in serum and iga in both serum and sputum were detected. at a primary inspection (time t-0) serum and sputum samples were taken ...	2004	15646047
prevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in pneumonia patients in four major hospitals in trinidad.	the prevalence of current mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae infections in patients with pneumonia in trinidad, and the relationship between pneumonia and risk factors were investigated. blood samples were collected from 132 patients diagnosed by attending physicians, as suffering from pneumonia at four hospitals in trinidad. serum samples were tested for m. pneumoniae igm and igg and c. pneumoniae igm by the enzyme immunoassay (eia). in addition, c. pneumoniae igm and igg were detec ...	2004	15646048
chlamydia pneumoniae infection in slovenian patients with diffuse coronary artery disease.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection might be involved in the pathogenesis of various forms of coronary artery disease (cad), but there are no data about diffuse cad with clinical picture of stable angina pectoris. authors in a prospective study determined serum cp antibody levels (with mif test) of 71 patients with coronarographically proven diffuse cad and compared them to the age matched control group of the healthy slovenian population. after azithromycin treatment in patients with chronic cp ...	2004	15648226
effect of simvastatin and fluvastatin on plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia.	the aim of the study was to compare the effect of treatment with two different statins on plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with primary isolated hypercholesterolemia. sixty three patients enrolled into the study were randomly divided into two groups, treated with simvastatin (20 mg/d) or fluvastatin (40 mg/d), respectively. plasma lipid profile and fibrinogen levels were measured after 4 and 12 weeks of the therapy. both drugs decreased total and ldl cholesterol and apoprotein b levels. simv ...	2004	15662091
chlamydia pneumoniae igg and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.	background: the aim of this study was to compare chlamydia pneumoniae igg and the extent of coronary atherosclerosis. methods: we investigated 92 patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent coronary angiography to assess chest pain. before angiography, c. pneumoniae igg was analyzed. the number of major coronary arteries (1-3) having at least one diameter narrowing (>/=50%) stenosis was determined. the patients were divided into two groups of equal size, according to c. pneumoniae igg lev ...	2004	15668086
[chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis].	despite the growing number of scientific reports showing different markers of infection caused by chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with advanced atherosclerosis, there is still no clear confirmation of a pathogenetic link between this infection and atherogenesis. the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence c. pneumoniae dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and carotid endarterectomy samples obtained from patients with advanced atherosclerosis according to the presence speci ...	2004	15690703
[signs of active infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with coronary heart disease].	possible relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection and atherosclerosis has been documented in many seroepidemiological, histological and biological studies. the objectives of the present study were to find out whether serological signs of active cpn infection in patients with coronary heart disease (chd) are associated with the presence of bacterial dna in peripheral blood and to correlate with clinical symptoms and to study the dynamics of the markers of cpn infection within a s ...	2004	15730214
[chlamydia pneumoniae infection increases the risk of coronary artery disease in the patients with dyslipidemia].	to investigates the role of chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection in the development of coronary artery disease (cad) in the patients with dyslipidemia, and to examine the gender related differences in this role.	2004	15730813
[the role of infection in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis].	experimental models and human studies have supported a role of infection in the initiation of atherosclerosis. there are many known microorganisms who can play an important role in atherosclerosis, but especially two of them--chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus are suspected to stimulate the process of atheromatosis. until antibiotics or vaccines are useful in artery diseases prevention, therapies with proven vascular anti-inflammatory effects (diet, exercise, smoking cessation, aspirin, st ...	2004	15810509
an asian study on the prevalence of atypical respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia.	in many parts of asia, the inaccessibility and high cost of diagnostic tests have hampered the study of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) caused by atypical respiratory pathogens.	2004	15840455
chlamydia pneumoniae infection in abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) patients and its clinical impact.	the aim of our study was to assess the presence of chlmydia pneumoniae infection in aaa patients and to evaluate its association with clinical symptoms and histological signs of inflammation in the aortal wall. fifty-two aaa patients participated in the research. thirty healthy controls took part in serological examination. c. pneumoniae was detected by pcr and immunofluorescence in situ reaction in aorta samples of 84.6% and 86.54% of the patients, respectively. serological markers of chronic c ...	2004	15757203
[organizing pneumonia--analysis of 18 own cases].	organizing pneumonia (op) is a rarely diagnosed disease, however the incidence ratio was estimated as 6-7/100000. disease can occur in cryptogenic form or as a secondary reaction to various noxious agents, drugs, and ionising radiation, as a concomitant disease to infections, lympho- and myeloproliferative disorders, and connective tissue diseases. symptoms of op are non-specific therefore lung biopsy and histological examination are necessary for diagnosis. eighteen cases of op, 15 women and 3 ...	2004	15757271
[is there a link between chronic chlamydial infection and childhood asthma?].	the paper explores the possible role of chronic chlamydial infection in childhood bronchial asthma.	2004	15849399
[role of inflammation and infection in the etiopathogenesis of atheromatosis--literature review].	the investigation of etiopathology of arteriosclerosis shows close relationship between inflammatory processes and evolution of sclerotic lesions. in many patients acute coronary syndromes are caused by the rupture of hemodynamically insignificant sclerotic lesion and consequently thrombosis of coronary artery. the reason of instability of sclerotic plaque may be on going inflammation inside it. this paper reviews literature on the subject of relationship of atheromatosis, inflammation and infec ...	2004	15865245
[aortic valve stenosis: persistence of infective agents or noninfective inflammatory process?].	the probable risk factors leading to aortic valve calcification are not clearly defined. the cross-sectional study of 85 patients with vascular and valvular calcification was performed. correlations between the immune tests and aortic stenosis severity were investigated. the predictors of aortic valve calcification were probably c-reactive protein and interleukin-6. the predictors of aortic stenosis progression were interleukin-8, antibodies of chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus, and dysre ...	2004	15945547
evaluation of the association between atypical bacteria infections and respiratory tract diseases with emphasis on bronchial asthma exacerbations in children.	mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumonie are important etiological agents responsible for human respiratory tract diseases. recently, these atypical microorganisms received much attention regarding their role in bronchial asthma pathogenesis, which is one of the most frequent chronic diseases in children. the aim of the study was to investigate the association between infections caused by these pathogens and respiratory tract diseases in children. levels of m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae-s ...	2004	16145964
detection of enterovirus, cytomegalovirus, and chlamydia pneumoniae in atheromas.	to investigate the presence of infectious agents in human atherosclerotic arterial tissues. atherosclerotic plaques were removed from 128 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or other bypass procedures for occlusive disease, and from twenty normal arterial wall samples, obtained from transplant donors with no history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or reverse transcription-pcr, these samples were analyzed for the presence of ...	2004	15650686
seroprevalence of igg antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori among coronary heart disease patients and normal individuals in south indian population.	in recent years, the role of infectious agents in the aetiology of atherosclerotic disease has come to the forefront. in the present study, seroprevalence (igg) of chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori in patients with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease was compared to normal healthy adults. out of a total of 117 patients 101 had unstable angina (ua) and 16 had chronic stable angina (csa). c. pneumoniae seropositivity was found in 66% of patients with ua and 94% of csa patients. the c ...	2004	16295450
follicular cervicitis: a case report.	chronic follicular cervicitis (cfc) is a benign inflammatory condition which can be easily diagnosed with a fair degree of assurance on pap stained cervical smears, thus preventing the need for cervical biopsy. we report a case of cfc in a postmenopausal woman.	2004	16295497
[organizing pneumonia--own experiences with clarithromycin treatment].	organising pneumonia (op) is a rare syndrome that has been associated with a variety of underlying disorders, including infections, collagen vascular diseases, toxic fumes, cancer, drugs and radiotherapy. cryptogenic form is also observed. steroids are usually effective in the treatment of op, but other treatment regimens have been used as well. we present 5 women with op, age ranged 57-76 years (mean - 67 years). two of them were smokers and three were non-smokers. one patient was treated becau ...	2004	16329349
chlamydia pneumoniae is a likely risk factor for ischemic stroke in young patients.	recently, chlamydia pneumoniae has been identified as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. in young patients the causes of stroke are more diverse, and remain unknown in about 30% of cases, despite thorough investigations. to find a possible relationship between c. pneumoniae infection and stroke at young age, we investigated c. pneumoniae antibody titers in 41 patients with ischemic stroke who were younger than 50 years old and in 55 healthy control subjects. a ...	2004	17903955
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: the end?		2005	18159555
chlamydial bacteriophage: no role in acute coronary events?	a relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and acute coronary syndromes has not been consistently found in published studies. it has been hypothesized that a bacteriophage-infected subset of c pneumoniae may be uniquely equipped to promote atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes through the expression of phage genes.	2005	18159563
update of antibiotic trials for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease.	the possibility that infection is a stimulus for the vascular inflammation that promotes atherogenesis has spawned clinical trials of antibiotics. these have focused primarily on chlamydia pneumoniae as a potential atherogenic agent. in contrast to pilot studies, recent large trials, capped by the azithromycin and coronary events study and pravastatin or atorvastatin evaluation and infection therapy mega trials, indicate that standard antibiotics (e.g., azithromycin and gatifloxacin) are ineffec ...	2005	19804167
chlamydia pneumoniae ap endonuclease iv could cleave ap sites of double- and single-stranded dna.	endonuclease iv gene, the only putative ap endonuclease of c. pneumoniae genome, was cloned into pet28a. recombinant c. pneumoniae endonuclease i v (cpendoiv) was expressed in e. coli and purified to homogeneity. cpendoiv has endonuclease activity against apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (ap sites) of double-stranded (ds) oligonucleotides. ap endonuclease activity of cpendoiv was promoted by divalent metal ions mg2+ and zn2+, and inhibited by edta. the natural (a, t, c and g) and modified (u, i and 8 ...	2005	16257276
a randomized trial in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty: roxithromycin does not reduce clinical restenosis but angioplasty increases antibody concentrations against chlamydia pneumoniae.	elevated antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae have been associated with coronary artery disease. in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty, we therefore investigated the effect of roxithromycin on symptomatic restenosis and determined antichlamydial antibodies as well as inflammatory and immunological parameters.	2005	16290983
effect of nitric oxide on the growth of chlamydophila pneumoniae.	chlamydophila pneumoniae is an important human intracellular pathogen; however, the pathogenesis of c. pneumoniae infection is poorly understood and the immune control mechanism versus host cells is not completely known. the role of the nitric oxide (no) synthase pathway in inhibiting the ability of c. pneumoniae to infect macrophage j774 cells and the ability of no to damage isolated c. pneumoniae were investigated. exposure of infected cultures to recombinant murine gamma interferon (murifn-ga ...	2005	16333333
kawasaki disease.	kawasaki disease (kd) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children in developed nations. its incidence has risen in recent years and 20% of untreated patients develop coronary artery abnormalities.	2005	16335284
infection with simkania negevensis in brooklyn, new york.	simkania negevensis is a chlamydia-like intracellular organism that is prevalent in populations from a wide range of geographic areas. the role of the organism in respiratory disease in the united states is unknown.	2005	16282935
presence of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in the artery wall--biomarker of coronary artery disease.	many authors have shown an association between chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection and coronary artery disease (cad). however, whether cpn infection demonstrated by cpn dna presence in the artery wall plays an important role in pathogenesis of cad and acute coronary events (i.e. unstable angina) remains to be elucidated. one hundred and fifteen consecutive patients with cad (51 with unstable angina and 64 with stable angina) were compared with 52 control subjects with aortic valve disease witho ...	2005	16285208
tigecyclin--the first glycylcycline to undergo clinical development: an overview of in vitro activity compared to tetracycline.	tetracycline antimicrobials are characterised by a broad-spectrum of antibacterial activity which includes gram-positive, most gram-negative, anaerobic and "atypical" (legionella pneumophila, chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae) species. however, the original clinical utility of the tetracyclines has been compromised as a result of increasing resistance to them among previously susceptible, common pathogens. research into structure-activity relationships among various tetracycline ...	2005	16285353
chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and risk of developing coronary heart disease in western saudi arabia.	to estimate the seroprevalence of igg and iga antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) among a sample of the saudi population, and to evaluate whether there is a relationship between seropositivity to chronic infection with c. pneumoniae and the manifestation of symptomatic coronary heart disease (chd).	2005	16380774
human metapneumovirus and community-acquired pneumonia in children.	human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was first recognized in the netherlands in 2001 from nasopharyngeal aspirate samples and was associated with respiratory tract illness in the pediatric population. this was the first report of metapneumovirus infections in community-acquired pneumonia in taiwan.	2005	16382752