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overhead tank is the potential breeding habitat of anopheles stephensi in an urban transmission setting of chennai, india.wells and overhead tanks (oht) are the major breeding sources of the local malaria vector, anopheles stephensi in the indian city of chennai; they play a significant role in vector breeding, and transmission of urban malaria. many other man-made breeding habitats, such as cemented cisterns/containers, barrels or drums, sumps or underground tanks, and plastic pots/containers are maintained to supplement water needs, temporarily resulting in enhanced mosquito/vector breeding. correlating breeding ...201627169513
whole-genome sequence analysis of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the crop of a red-tailed bumble bee, bombus lapidarius.the whole-genome sequence of bombella intestini lmg 28161t, an endosymbiotic acetic acid bacterium (aab) occurring in bumble bees, was determined to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying its metabolic capabilities. the draft genome sequence of b. intestini lmg 28161t was 2.02 mb. metabolic carbohydrate pathways were in agreement with the metabolite analyses of fermentation experiments and revealed its oxidative capacity towards sucrose, d-glucose, d-fructose and d-mannitol, but not eth ...201627851750
burkholderia contaminans colonization from contaminated liquid docusate (colace) in a immunocompetent adult with legionnaire's disease: infection control implications and the potential role of candida pellucosa.objective:b. contaminans was cultured from respiratory secretions and liquid docusate (colace) in a neurosurgical intensive care unit (nicu) patient with community-acquired legionnaire's disease but not from another bottle given to the patient. unexpectedly, c. pelliculosa was cultured from two bottles, but not the b. contaminans bottle or respiratory secretions. methods:b. cepacia, later identified as b. contaminans, was cultured from a bottle of liquid docusate (colace) dispensed to a non-cyst ...201627916878
fever as an important resource for infectious diseases research.fever or pyrexia is a process where normal body temperature is raised over homeostasis conditions. although many effects of fever over the immune system have been known for a long time, it has not been until recent studies when these effects have been evaluated in several infection processes. results have been promising, as they have reported new ways of regulation, especially in rna molecules. in light of these new studies, it seems important to start to evaluate the effects of pyrexia in curre ...201627195192
enhancing immunogenicity and transmission-blocking activity of malaria vaccines by fusing pfs25 to imx313 multimerization technology.transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv) target the sexual-stages of the malaria parasite in the mosquito midgut and are widely considered to be an essential tool for malaria elimination. high-titer functional antibodies are required against target antigens to achieve effective transmission-blocking activity. we have fused pfs25, the leading malaria tbv candidate antigen to imx313, a molecular adjuvant and expressed it both in chad63 and mva viral vectors and as a secreted protein-nanoparticle. pfs2 ...201626743316
colonization of the intestinal tract of the polyphagous pest spodoptera littoralis with the gfp-tagged indigenous gut bacterium enterococcus mundtii.the alkaline gut of lepidopterans plays a crucial role in shaping communities of bacteria. enterococcus mundtii has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the major agricultural pest, spodoptera littoralis. therefore, it was selected as a model bacterium to study its adaptation to harsh alkaline gut conditions in its host insect throughout different stages of development (larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs). to date, the mechanism of bacterial survival ...201627379058
the rodent malaria liver stage survives in the rapamycin-induced autophagosome of infected hepa1-6 cells.it has been reported that non-selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes could facilitate the development of malaria in the liver stage, but the fate of parasites following selective autophagy of infected hepatocytes is still not very clear. here, we confirmed that sporozoite infection can induce a selective autophagy-like process targeting eefs (exo-erythrocytic forms) in hepa1-6. rapamycin treatment greatly enhanced this process in eefs and non-selective autophagy of infected hepa1-6 cells an ...201627901110
culex pipiens development is greatly influenced by native bacteria and exogenous yeast.culex pipiens is the most cosmopolitan mosquito of the pipiens assemblage. by studying the nature of interactions between this species and microorganisms common to its breeding environment we can unravel important pitfalls encountered during development. we tested the survival rate of larval stages, pupae and adults of a cx. pipiens colony exposed to a variety of microorganisms in laboratory conditions and assessed the transmission to offspring (f1) by those organisms that secured development up ...201627055276
2-cys peroxiredoxin is required in successful blood-feeding, reproduction, and antioxidant response in the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis.ticks are obligate hematophagous arthropods that feed on vertebrate blood that contains iron. ticks also concentrate host blood with iron; this concentration of the blood leads to high levels of iron in ticks. the host-derived iron reacts with oxygen in the tick body and this may generate high levels of reactive oxygen species, including hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). high levels of h2o2 cause oxidative stress in organisms and therefore, antioxidant responses are necessary to regulate h2o2. here, we ...201627542835
chromosomal inversions in anopheles stephensi. 20164788354
persistent infection by wolbachia walbb has no effect on composition of the gut microbiota in adult female anopheles stephensi.the bacteria in the midgut of anopheles stephensi adult females from laboratory colonies were studied by sequencing the v4 region of 16s rrna genes, with respect to three experimental factors: stable or cured wolbachia infection; sugar or blood diet; and age. proteobacteria and bacteroidetes dominated the community [>90% of operational taxonomic units (otus)]; most taxa were in the classes flavobacteriia, gammaproteobacteria, and alphaproteobacteria, and were assigned to elizabethkingia (46.9%), ...201627708633
a yeast strain associated to anopheles mosquitoes produces a toxin able to kill malaria parasites.malaria control strategies are focusing on new approaches, such as the symbiotic control, which consists in the use of microbial symbionts to prevent parasite development in the mosquito gut and to block the transmission of the infection to humans. several microbes, bacteria and fungi, have been proposed for malaria or other mosquito-borne diseases control strategies. among these, the yeast wickerhamomyces anomalus has been recently isolated from the gut of anopheles mosquitoes, where it release ...201626754943
laboratory evaluation of pyriproxifen treated bednets on mosquito fertility and fecundity. a preliminary study.the study evaluated the effect of pyriproxifen treated bednets on mosquito fertility and fecundity in the laboratory. pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator) has been considered as a possible tool for management of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes. there are documentations of the effectiveness of pyriproxifen in controlling larval development when applied directly to breeding site. considerations have been given to the use of pyriproxyfen on bed nets for sterilizing effect on mosquitoes resist ...201616722354
gas chromatography, gc/mass analysis and bioactivity of essential oil from aerial parts of ferulago trifida: antimicrobial, antioxidant, ache inhibitory, general toxicity, mtt assay and larvicidal activities.we aimed to investigate different biological properties of aerial parts essential oil of ferulago trifida boiss and larvicidal activity of its volatile oils from all parts of plant.201729322058
in vitro elicitation, isolation, and characterization of conessine biomolecule from holarrhena antidysenterica (l.) wall. callus and its larvicidal activity against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston.in vitro elicitation of an important compound conessine has been done in the bark-derived callus culture of holarrhena antidysenterica (l.) wall. employing different elicitors. for induction of callus, green bark explants excised from field-grown plants were cultured on ms medium augmented with different concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μm) of various growth regulators such as ba, iba, naa, and 2,4-d either alone or in combinations. the maximum amount of conessine (458.18 ± 0.89d μg/g dry wt ...201729264854
evaluation of larvicidal activity of essential oil from leaves of coccinia grandis against three mosquito species.to study the chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of coccinia grandis against three mosquito species.201729062847
molecular typing and phylogeny of wolbachia: a study from assam, north-eastern part of india.wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic alphaproteobacteria, infecting 40-75% of arthropod species. knowledge on distribution of native strains infecting mosquito vectors from endemic regions is essential for successful implementation of vector control interventions utilizing potential strains of wolbachia. study identified various native strains of wolbachia inhabiting different mosquito species from field and colonised conditions of assam. the fly drosophila melanogaster was also incl ...201728939497
larvicidal and ovicidal activity of terminalia chebula retz. (family: combretaceae) medicinal plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.insect-borne diseases remain to this day a major source of illness and death worldwide. the resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to eliminate eggs and larvae. so, the larvicidal and ovicidal activities of crude benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol extracts of terminalia chebula were assayed for their toxicity against three important vecto ...201728848262
isolation of an insulin-like peptide from the asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi, that acts as a steroidogenic gonadotropin across diverse mosquito taxa.many insulin-like peptides (ilps) have been identified in insects, yet only a few were isolated in their native form for structural and functional studies. antiserum produced to ilp3 in aedes aegypti was used in a radioimmunoassay to monitor the purification of an ilp from heads of adult an. stephensi and recognized the ilp in other immunoassays. the structure of the purified peptide matched that predicted for the ilp3 in this species. the native form stimulated ecdysteroid production by ovaries ...201728502740
first record of anopheles stephensi in sri lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction.the major malaria vector in sri lanka is reported to be anopheles culicifacies with anopheles subpictus, anopheles annularis, and anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. the occurrence of anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in india and the middle east, had never been reported from sri lanka.201728797253
comparative assessment of an. gambiae and an. stephensi mosquitoes to determine transmission-reducing activity of antibodies against p. falciparum sexual stage antigens.with the increasing interest in vaccines to interrupt malaria transmission, there is a demand for harmonization of current methods to assess plasmodium transmission in laboratory settings. potential vaccine candidates are currently tested in the standard membrane feeding assay (smfa) that commonly relies on anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. other mosquito species including anopheles gambiae are the dominant malaria vectors for plasmodium falciparum in sub-saharan africa.201729041962
genomic, physiologic, and symbiotic characterization of serratia marcescens strains isolated from the mosquito anopheles stephensi.strains of serratia marcescens, originally isolated from the gut lumen of adult female anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, established persistent infection at high rates in adult a. stephensi whether fed to larvae or in the sugar meal to adults. by contrast, the congener s. fonticola originating from aedes triseriatus had lower infection in a. stephensi, suggesting co-adaptation of serratia strains in different species of host mosquitoes. coinfection at high infection rate in adult a. stephensi resu ...201728861046
dynamics of transgenic enterobacter cloacae expressing green fluorescent protein defensin (gfp-d) in anopheles stephensi under laboratory condition.enterobacter cloacae bacterium is a known symbiont of the most anopheles gut microflora and nominated as a good candidate for paratransgenic control of malaria. however, the population dynamics of this bacterium within an. stephensi and its introduction methods to the mosquitoes have not yet been explored.201729367928
evaluation of deltamethrin in combination of piperonyl butoxide (pbo) against pyrethroid resistant, malaria vector, anopheles stephensi in irs implementation: an experimental semi-filed trial in iran.the aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of deltamethrin combined with formulated piperonyl butoxide (pbo) synergist on various surfaces against the wild strain of anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector in southern iran under semi-field condition.201729367924
in vivo gene expression profiling of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana elucidates its infection stratagems in anopheles mosquito.the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control mosquitoes is a promising tool for reducing vector-borne disease transmission. to better understand infection stratagems of insect pathogenic fungi, we analyzed the global gene expression profiling of beauveria bassiana at 36, 60, 84 and 108 h after topical infection of anopheles stephensi adult mosquitoes using rna sequencing (rna-seq). a total of 5,354 differentially expressed genes (degs) are identified over the course of fungal infection. when the ...201728755300
proboscis infection route of beauveria bassiana triggers early death of anopheles mosquito.entomopathogenic fungi are known to control vector mosquito populations. thus, understanding the infection dynamics of entomopathogenic fungi is crucial for the effective control of insect pests such as mosquitoes. we investigated the dynamics of beauveria bassiana s.l. 60-2 infection of anopheles stephensi by exposing the mosquito to fungus-impregnated filter paper through two infection routes and then comparing the mortality and extent of infection. fungal development was observed after using ...201728615623
molecular characterization of indigenous bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from kashmir valley.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) being an eco-friendly bioinsecticide is effectively used in pest management strategies and, therefore, isolation and identification of new strains effective against a broad range of target pests is important. in the present study, new indigenous b. thuringiensis strains were isolated and investigated so that these could be used as an alternative and/or support the current commercial strains/cry proteins in use. for this, 159 samples including soil, leaf and spider web ...201728597156
mosquitoes can harbour yeasts of clinical significance and contribute to their environmental dissemination.there is still a lack of studies on fungal microbiota in mosquitoes, compared with the number available on bacterial microbiota. this study reports the identification of yeasts of clinical significance in laboratory mosquito species: anopheles gambiae, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus, aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti. among the yeasts isolated, they focused on the opportunistic pathogen candida parapsilosis, since there is a need to better understand breakthrough candidaemia with r ...201728714286
protection against mosquito vectors aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate.growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. in view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (ea), a non-toxic, fda approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions followin ...201728666890
zingiber cernuum (zingiberaceae) essential oil as effective larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito vectors, with little non-target toxicity on four aquatic mosquito predators.mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, which cause serious diseases in humans and animals. currently, botanical products have been suggested as alternative tools in the fight against arthropod vectors. in this study, the essential oil (eo) extracted from zingiber cernuum was tested as larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito species of public health relevance, including malaria and zika virus vectors. the eo showed high toxicity on third insta ...201728497331
larvicidal potency of marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove environment against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi.the marine soil samples were collected from different locations of parangipettai mangrove ecosystem, vellar estuary, southeast coast of india. totally 30 different marine actinobacteria were isolated by serial dilution plate technique on starch casein agar medium. the isolated actinobacteria were investigated for their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. streptomyces fungicidicus, s. griseus, s. albus, s. alboflavus and s. rochei were identified as poten ...201728615847
reduction of mosquito survival in mice vaccinated with anopheles stephensi glucose transporter.despite the fact that recent efforts to control/eradicate malaria have contributed to a significant decrease in the number of cases and deaths, the disease remains a global health challenge. vaccines based on mosquito salivary gland antigens are a potential approach for reducing vector populations and malaria parasites. the anopheles agap007752 gene encodes for a glucose transporter that is upregulated during plasmodium infection, and its knockdown decreases the number of sporozoites in mosquito ...201728804714
solute carriers affect anopheles stephensi survival and plasmodium berghei infection in the salivary glands.malaria is caused by mosquito-borne plasmodium spp. parasites that must infect and survive within mosquito salivary glands (sgs) prior to host transmission. recent advances in transcriptomics and the complete genome sequencing of mosquito vectors have increased our knowledge of the sg genes and proteins involved in pathogen infection and transmission. membrane solute carriers are key proteins involved in drug transport and are useful in the development of new interventions for transmission block ...201728733628
apolipophorin-iii acts as a positive regulator of plasmodium development in anopheles stephensi.apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) is a well-known hemolymph protein having a functional role in lipid transport and immune responses of insects. here we report the molecular and functional characterization of anopheles stephensi apolipophorin-iii (asapolp-iii) gene. this gene consists of 679 nucleotides arranged into two exons of 45 and 540 bp that give an orf encoding 194 amino acid residues. excluding a putative signal peptide of the first 19 amino acid residues, the 175-residues in mature asapolp ...201728439240
abscisic acid induces a transient shift in signaling that enhances nf-κb-mediated parasite killing in the midgut of anopheles stephensi without reducing lifespan or fecundity.abscisic acid (aba) is naturally present in mammalian blood and circulating levels can be increased by oral supplementation. we showed previously that oral aba supplementation in a mouse model of plasmodium yoelii 17xnl infection reduced parasitemia and gametocytemia, spleen and liver pathology, and parasite transmission to the mosquito anopheles stephensi fed on these mice. treatment of cultured plasmodium falciparum with aba at levels detected in our model had no effects on asexual growth or g ...201728705245
green-synthesized cds nano-pesticides: toxicity on young instars of malaria vectors and impact on enzymatic activities of the non-target mud crab scylla serrata.currently, nano-formulated mosquito larvicides have been widely proposed to control young instars of malaria vector populations. however, the fate of nanoparticles in the aquatic environment is scarcely known, with special reference to the impact of nanoparticles on enzymatic activity of non-target aquatic invertebrates. in this study, we synthesized cds nanoparticles using a green protocol relying on the cheap extract of valoniopsis pachynema algae. cds nanoparticles showed high toxicity on you ...201728482328
dynamics of plasmodium vivax sporogony in wild anopheles stephensi in a malaria-endemic region of western india.in global efforts to track mosquito infectivity and parasite elimination, controlled mosquito-feeding experiments can help in understanding the dynamics of parasite development in vectors. anopheles stephensi is often accepted as the major urban malaria vector that transmits plasmodium in goa and elsewhere in south asia. however, much needs to be learned about the interactions of plasmodium vivax with an. stephensi. as a component of the us nih international center of excellence for malaria rese ...201728693607
differential gene expression in anopheles stephensi following infection with drug-resistant plasmodium yoelii.the transmission of drug-resistant parasites by the mosquito may be influenced by the altered biological fitness of drug-resistant parasites and different immune reactions or metabolic change in the mosquito. at this point, little is known about the variations in mosquito immunity and metabolism when mosquitoes are infected with drug-resistant parasites. to understand the differential gene expression in anopheles following infection with drug-resistant plasmodium, we conducted a genome-wide tran ...201728851458
eco-friendly and cost-effective ag nanocrystals fabricated using the leaf extract of habenaria plantaginea: toxicity on six mosquito vectors and four non-target species.recently, the biofabrication of metal nanoparticles has gained wide interest owing to its inherent features such as swift, simplicity, eco-friendliness, and cheaper costs. different green-reducing agents led to the production of nanoparticles with varying toxicity on insects. in the current study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were successfully synthesized using habenaria plantaginea leaf extract. ag nanoparticles were studied by uv-vis spectroscopy (uv-vis), x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier tran ...201728523613
larvicidal potential of juglans regia male flower against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.the diseases vectored by mosquitoes continue to be a main cause of illnesses and death throughout the world. the methanol extract of juglans regia male flower was screened for larvicidal activity against three therapeutically important mosquito vectors viz., malarial vector, anopheles stephensi; dengue vector, aedes aegypti and the filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus. the larvicidal activity was assayed against the early fourth-instar larvae of tested mosquito species at a concentration rang ...201729251995
the role of midgut symbiotic bacteria in resistance of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) to organophosphate insecticides.in the current study, the effects of the presence of symbiotic bacteria on the activity of the enzymes involved in an. stephensi resistance to temephos are evaluated for the first time. four different strains (i. susceptible strain, ii. resistant strain, iii. resistant strain + antibiotic, and iv. resistant strain + bacteria) were considered in order to determine the possible effects of the symbiotic bacteria on their hosts' resistance to temephos. the median values of all enzymes of susceptible ...201728745553
mosquito-borne diseases and omics: tissue-restricted expression and alternative splicing revealed by transcriptome profiling of anopheles stephensi.malaria is one of the most debilitating mosquito-borne diseases with high global health burdens. while much of the research on malaria and mosquito-borne diseases is focused on africa, southeast asia accounts for a sizable portion of the global burden of malaria. moreover, about 50% of the asian malaria incidence and deaths have been from india. a promising development in this context is that the completion of genome sequence of anopheles stephensi, a major malaria vector in asia, offers new opp ...201728708456
nanos-driven expression of piggybac transposase induces mobilization of a synthetic autonomous transposon in the malaria vector mosquito, anopheles stephensi.transposons are a class of selfish dna elements that can mobilize within a genome. if mobilization is accompanied by an increase in copy number (replicative transposition), the transposon may sweep through a population until it is fixed in all of its interbreeding members. this introgression has been proposed as the basis for drive systems to move genes with desirable phenotypes into target species. one such application would be to use them to move a gene conferring resistance to malaria parasit ...201728676355
nanoemulsion of dill essential oil as a green and potent larvicide against anopheles stephensi.indiscriminate use of industrial larvicides causes environment pollution and resistance against the larvicides in mosquitoes. essential oils (eos) have many biological activities such as larvicidal effects which have been proposed as new alternatives for industrial ones. many components of eos are volatile, thus, should be formulated to retain their activity. components of dill eo were identified by gc-ms analysis. larvicidal activity (la) of bulk dill eo (non-formulated) was evaluated against a ...201729250730
esterases are responsible for malathion resistance in anopheles stephensi: a proof using biochemical and insecticide inhibition studies.increase in prevalence and intensity of insecticide-resistance in vectors of vector-borne diseases is a major threat to sustainable disease control; and, for their effective management, studies on resistance mechanisms are important to come out with suitable strategies. esterases are major class of detoxification enzymes in mosquitoes, which confers protection against insecticides in causing resistance. this study was aimed at biochemical characterization of esterases responsible for malathion r ...201729097637
astrodaucus persicus as a new source of bioinsectisides against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi.to determine the larvicidal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of roots and fruits extracts of astrodaucus persicus from apiaceae family against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi).201729080619
wash resistance and bio-efficacy of olyset® plus, a long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito net with synergist against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi.to determine the wash resistance of olyset® plus using world health organization pesticide evaluation scheme standard washing procedure and to assess the value of knock down and mortality rates of anopheles stephensi at different regimens of long lasting insecticide treated nets washings.201729080617
pharmacological and chemical features of nepeta l. genus: its importance as a therapeutic agent.medicinal plants have always had great value for the human population due to their valuable constituents and potential bioactivities. the objective of this review is to present an updated overview of an important medicinal plant genus nepeta l., from the family lamiaceae, revealing its traditional utilization, biological activity, phytoconstituents, and mechanisms of action. for this purpose, a literature survey was carried out by using scifinder, sciencedirect, scopus, pubmed, and web of scienc ...201729044858
plasmodium falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 is critical for male gametocyte exflagellation but not essential for asexual proliferation.drug development efforts have focused mostly on the asexual blood stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum except for primaquine, which has its own limitations, there are no available drugs that target the transmission of the parasite to mosquitoes. therefore, there is a need to validate new parasite proteins that can be targeted for blocking transmission. p. falciparum calcium-dependent protein kinases (pfcdpks) play critical roles at various stages of the parasite life cycle and, i ...201729042501
chemical constitute and larvicidal activity of fractions of ajuga chamaecistus tomentella plant against malaria vector anopheles stephensi.the genus ajuga, belongs to lamiaceae family, is one of the exclusive subspecies in the flora of iran. the plants of this genus are used traditionally for treatment of joints pain, gout, jaundice, and as insecticide.201729026858
biosurfactants produced by bacillus subtilis a1 and pseudomonas stutzeri na3 reduce longevity and fecundity of anopheles stephensi and show high toxicity against young instars.anopheles stephensi acts as vector of plasmodium parasites, which are responsible for malaria in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. currently, malaria management is a big challenge due to the presence of insecticide-resistant strains as well as to the development of plasmodium species highly resistant to major antimalarial drugs. therefore, the present study focused on biosurfactant produced by two bacteria bacillus subtilis a1 and pseudomonas stutzeri na3, evaluating them for insecticida ...201728936796
managing wastes as green resources: cigarette butt-synthesized pesticides are highly toxic to malaria vectors with little impact on predatory copepods.the development of novel mosquito control tools is a key prerequisite to build effective and reliable integrated vector management strategies. here, we proposed a novel method using cigarette butts for the synthesis of ag nanostructures toxic to young instars of the malaria vector anopheles stephensi, chloroquine (cq)-resistant malaria parasites plasmodium falciparum and microbial pathogens. the non-target impact of these nanomaterials in the aquatic environment was evaluated testing them at sub ...201728913784
semi-high-throughput detection of plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax oocysts in mosquitoes using bead-beating followed by circumsporozoite elisa and quantitative pcr.the malaria infection status of mosquitoes is commonly determined by microscopic detection of oocysts on the dissected mosquito midgut. this method is labour-intensive, does not allow processing of large numbers of mosquitoes and can be challenging in terms of objective classification of oocysts. here, a semi-high-throughput bead-beating elisa method is proposed for detection of the circumsporozoite protein (csp) followed by confirmation by quantitative pcr (qpcr).201728877707
a potent series targeting the malarial cgmp-dependent protein kinase clears infection and blocks transmission.to combat drug resistance, new chemical entities are urgently required for use in next generation anti-malarial combinations. we report here the results of a medicinal chemistry programme focused on an imidazopyridine series targeting the plasmodium falciparum cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinase (pfpkg). the most potent compound (ml10) has an ic50 of 160 pm in a pfpkg kinase assay and inhibits p. falciparum blood stage proliferation in vitro with an ec50 of 2.1 nm. oral dosing renders blood stag ...201728874661
response to blood meal in the fat body of anopheles stephensi using quantitative proteomics: toward new vector control strategies against malaria.malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and diagnostics. anopheles stephensi is one of the major vectors of malaria in asia. vector and transmission control are key focus areas in the fight against malaria, a field of postgenomics research where proteomics can play a substantive role. moreover, to identify novel strategies to control the vector population, it is necessary to understand the vector life processes at a global and molecular scale. in ...201728873011
functional characterization of malaria parasites deficient in the k+ channel kch2.k+ channels are integral membrane proteins, which contribute to maintain vital parameters such as the cellular membrane potential and cell volume. malaria parasites encode two k+ channel homologues, kch1 and kch2, which are well-conserved among members of the plasmodium genus. in the rodent malaria parasite p. berghei, the functional significance of k+ channel homologue pbkch2 was studied using targeted gene knock-out. the knockout parasites were characterized in a mouse model in terms of growth ...201728864420
3d mosquito screens to create window double screen traps for mosquito control.mosquitoes are vectors for many diseases such as malaria. insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying of insecticides are the principal malaria vector control tools used to prevent malaria in the tropics. other interventions aim at reducing man-vector contact. for example, house screening provides additive or synergistic effects to other implemented measures. we used commercial screen materials made of polyester, polyethylene or polypropylene to design novel mosquito screens that p ...201728851461
complete mitochondrial genomes of anopheles stephensi and an. dirus and comparative evolutionary mitochondriomics of 50 mosquitoes.to better understand the phylogeny and evolution of mosquitoes, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of anopheles stephensi and an. dirus were sequenced and annotated, and a total of 50 mosquito mitogenomes were comparatively analyzed. the complete mitogenome of an. stephensi and an. dirus is 1,5371 bp and 1,5406 bp long, respectively. the main features of the 50 mosquito mitogenomes are conservative: 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs), two ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes, posit ...201728794438
acaricidal, pediculicidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized zno nanoparticles using momordica charantia leaf extract against blood feeding parasites.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acaricidal, pediculicidal and larvicidal effect of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) using momordica charantia leaf extract against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, adult of pediculus humanus capitis, and the larvae of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus. the zno nps were characterized by using uv, xrd, ftir and sem-edx. the sem image confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a ...201728760358
maldi-tof ms as an innovative tool for detection of plasmodium parasites in anopheles mosquitoes.malaria is still a major public health issue worldwide, and one of the best approaches to fight the disease remains vector control. the current methods for mosquito identification include morphological methods that are generally time-consuming and require expertise, and molecular methods that require laboratory facilities with relatively expensive running costs. matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) technology, routinely used for bacterial id ...201728049524
adjuvant and carrier protein-dependent t-cell priming promotes a robust antibody response against the plasmodium falciparum pfs25 vaccine candidate.humoral immune responses have the potential to maintain protective antibody levels for years due to the immunoglobulin-secreting activity of long-lived plasma cells (llpcs). however, many subunit vaccines under development fail to generate robust llpc responses, and therefore a variety of strategies are being employed to overcome this limitation, including conjugation to carrier proteins and/or formulation with potent adjuvants. pfs25, an antigen expressed on malaria zygotes and ookinetes, is a ...201728091576
protection against plasmodium falciparum malaria by pfspz vaccine.background: a radiation-attenuated plasmodium falciparum (pf) sporozoite (spz) malaria vaccine, pfspz vaccine, protected 6 of 6 subjects (100%) against homologous pf (same strain as in the vaccine) controlled human malaria infection (chmi) 3 weeks after 5 doses administered intravenously. the next step was to assess protective efficacy against heterologous pf (different from pf in the vaccine), after fewer doses, and at 24 weeks. methods: the trial assessed tolerability, safety, immunogenicity, ...201728097230
functional characterization of plasmodium berghei psop25 during ookinete development and as a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine candidate.plasmodium ookinete surface proteins as post-fertilization target antigens are potential malaria transmission-blocking vaccine (tbv) candidates. putative secreted ookinete protein 25 (psop25) is a highly conserved ookinete surface protein, and has been shown to be a promising novel tbv target. here, we further investigated the tbv activities of the full-length recombinant psop25 (rpsop25) protein in plasmodium berghei, and characterized the potential functions of psop25 during the p. berghei lif ...201728057055
the transcriptome of the mosquito aedes fluviatilis (diptera: culicidae), and transcriptional changes associated with its native wolbachia infection.wolbachia is a bacterial endosymbiont that naturally infects a wide range of insect species, and causes drastic changes to host biology. stable infections of wolbachia in mosquitoes can inhibit infection with medically important pathogens such as dengue virus and malaria-causing plasmodium parasites. however, some native wolbachia strains can enhance infection with certain pathogens, as is the case for the mosquito aedes fluviatilis, where infection with plasmodium gallinaceum is enhanced by the ...201728049478
differential pathogenicity of metarhizium blastospores and conidia against larvae of three mosquito species.biorational insecticides are being increasingly used in integrated pest management programs. in laboratory bioassays, the pathogenicity of blastospores and conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium brunneum arsef 4556 was evaluated against larvae of three mosquito species. three propagule concentrations (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 spores ml - 1) were used in the bioassays. results showed that aedes aegypti had lower survival rates when exposed to blastospores than when exposed to con ...201728399202
fabrication of highly effective mosquito nanolarvicides using an asian plant of ethno-pharmacological interest, priyangu (aglaia elaeagnoidea): toxicity on non-target mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes threaten the lives of humans, livestock, pets and wildlife around the globe, due to their ability to vector devastating diseases. aglaia elaeagnoidea, commonly known as priyangu, is widely employed in asian traditional medicine and pest control. medicinal activities include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, and anesthetic actions. flavaglines, six cyclopenta[b]benzofurans, a cyclopenta[bc]benzopyran, a benzo[b]oxepine, and an aromatic butyrolactone showed antifungal properties ...201728390026
single molecule rna sequencing uncovers trans-splicing and improves annotations in anopheles stephensi.single molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing has recently been used to obtain full-length cdna sequences that improve genome annotation and reveal rna isoforms. here, we used one such method called isoform sequencing from pacific biosciences (pacbio) to sequence a cdna library from the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. more than 600 000 full-length cdnas, referred to as reads of insert, were identified. owing to the inherently high error rate of pacbio sequencing, we tested different ap ...201728181326
toxicity of ar-curcumene and epi-β-bisabolol from hedychium larsenii (zingiberaceae) essential oil on malaria, chikungunya and st. louis encephalitis mosquito vectors.mosquitoes act as vectors of key pathogens and parasites. plant essential oils have been recognized as important sources of biopesticides, which do not induce resistance and have limited toxic effects on human health and non-target organisms. in this research, we evaluated the larvicidal and oviposition deterrence activity of hedychium larsenii essential oil (eo) and its major compounds ar-curcumene and epi-β-bisabolol. both molecules showed high toxicity against early third instars of anopheles ...201727918946
boswellia ovalifoliolata (burseraceae) essential oil as an eco-friendly larvicide? toxicity against six mosquito vectors of public health importance, non-target mosquito fishes, backswimmers, and water bugs.the use of synthetic pesticides to control vector populations is detrimental to human health and the environment and may lead to the development of resistant strains. plants can be alternative sources of safer compounds effective on mosquito vectors. in this study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of boswellia ovalifoliolata leaf essential oil (eo) was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, anopheles subpictus, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. ...201728332087
vector competence of anopheles and culex mosquitoes for zika virus.zika virus is a newly emergent mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused recent large outbreaks in the new world, leading to dramatic increases in serious disease pathology including guillain-barre syndrome, newborn microcephaly, and infant brain damage. although aedes mosquitoes are thought to be the primary mosquito species driving infection, the virus has been isolated from dozens of mosquito species, including culex and anopheles species, and we lack a thorough understanding of which mosquit ...201728316896
larvicidal activity of blumea eriantha essential oil and its components against six mosquito species, including zika virus vectors: the promising potential of (4e,6z)-allo-ocimene, carvotanacetone and dodecyl acetate.the effective and environmentally sustainable control of mosquitoes is a challenge of essential importance. this is due to the fact that some invasive mosquitoes, with special reference to the aedes genus, are particularly difficult to control, due to their high ecological plasticity. moreover, the indiscriminate overuse of synthetic insecticides resulted in undesirable effects on human health and non-target organisms, as well as resistance development in targeted vectors. here, the leaf essenti ...201728168560
magnetic nanoparticles are highly toxic to chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (den-2), and their mosquito vectors.a main challenge in parasitology is the development of reliable tools to prevent or treat mosquito-borne diseases. we investigated the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (mnp) produced by magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense (strain msr-1) on chloroquine-resistant (cq-r) and sensitive (cq-s) plasmodium falciparum, dengue virus (den-2), and two of their main vectors, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti, respectively. mnp were studied by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission elect ...201727815736
resting and feeding preferences of anopheles stephensi in an urban setting, perennial for malaria.the indian city of chennai is endemic for malaria and the known local malaria vector is anopheles stephensi. plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite species, though plasmodium falciparum is present at low levels. the urban ecotype of malaria prevails in chennai with perennial transmission despite vector surveillance by the urban malaria scheme (ums) of the national vector borne disease control programme (nvbdcp). understanding the feeding and resting preferences, together with the t ...201728283033
anopheles stephensi heme peroxidase hpx15 suppresses midgut immunity to support plasmodium development.the heme peroxidase hpx15 is an evolutionary conserved anopheline lineage-specific gene. previously, we found that this gene is present in the genome of 19 worldwide distributed different species of anopheles mosquito and its orthologs are absent in other mosquitoes, insects, or human. in addition, 65-99% amino acid identity among these 19 orthologs permitted us to hypothesize that the functional aspects of this gene might be also conserved in different anophelines. in this study, we found that ...201728352267
the maternally inheritable wolbachia walbb induces refractoriness to plasmodium berghei in anopheles stephensi.the endosymbiont wolbachia walbb induces refractoriness to plasmodium falciparum in anopheles stephensi, the primary mosquito vector of human malaria in the middle east and south asia. however, it remains unknown whether such refractoriness can be extended to other malaria species. in particular, it was reported that under very specific conditions, walbb can enhance plasmodium infection in some hosts. here, we measured the impact of walbb on the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in a. s ...201728337184
cloning, characterization and transmission blocking potential of midgut carboxypeptidase a in anopheles stephensi.transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv) interrupt malaria parasite transmission and hence form an important component for malaria eradication. mosquito midgut exopeptidases such as aminopeptidase n & carboxypeptidase b have demonstrated tbv potential. in the present study, we cloned and characterized carboxypeptidase a (cpa) from the midgut of an important malarial vector, anopheles stephensi. clustalw amino acid alignment and in silico 3-dimensional structure analysis of cpa predicted the presence ...201728087198
predicting the potential distribution of main malaria vectors anopheles stephensi, an. culicifacies s.l. and an. fluviatilis s.l. in iran based on maximum entropy model.malaria is considered as a major public health problem in southern areas of iran. the goal of this study was to predict best ecological niches of three main malaria vectors of iran: anopheles stephensi, anopheles culicifacies s.l. and anopheles fluviatilis s.l. a databank was created which included all published data about anopheles species of iran from 1961 to 2015. the suitable environmental niches for the three above mentioned anopheles species were predicted using maximum entropy model (maxe ...201728188765
health impact assessment of indira sagar project: a paramount to studies on water development projects.very limited studies on health impact assessment (hia) of water development projects (wdp) in relation to mosquito-borne diseases have been carried out in india. the current study focuses on using hia as a tool for finding impact of indira sagar project, madhya pradesh on human health in relation to mosquito borne diseases, and emphasizing its incorporation as an integral part of any wdp.201728125993
mapping of malaria vectors at district level in india: changing scenario and identified gaps.malaria is one of the six major vector-borne diseases in india, the endemicity of which changes with changes in ecological, climatic, and sociodevelopmental conditions. the anopheline vectors are greatly affected by ecological conditions such as deforestation, urbanization, climate and lifestyle. despite the advent of tools such as geographic information system (gis), the updated information on the distribution of anopheline vectors of malaria is not available. in india, the plan for vector cont ...201728051366
effect of temperature and search area on the functional response of anisops sardea (hemiptera: notonectidae) against anopheles stephensi in laboratory bioassay.present study was carried out to establish the influence of abiotic factors on foraging activities of a predatory hemipteran insect anisops sardea against anopheles stephensi larvae. the functional response of a. sardea was evaluated in variable density of prey items with variation in search area (100, 250, 500 and 1000ml water volume) and temperatures (20, 25 and 30°c). the results of laboratory bioassay revealed that prey consumption rate of predator species was positively related with increas ...201727908745
gene expression modulation of abc transporter genes in response to permethrin in adults of the mosquito malaria vector anopheles stephensi.living organisms have evolved an array of genes coding for detoxifying enzymes and efflux protein pumps, to cope with endogenous and xenobiotic toxic compounds. the study of the genes activated during toxic exposure is relevant to the area of arthropod vector control, since these genes are one of the targets upon which natural selection acts for the evolution of insecticide resistance. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters participate to insecticide detoxification acting as efflux pumps, that ...201728302529
evidence of metabolic mechanisms playing a role in multiple insecticides resistance in anopheles stephensi populations from afghanistan.malaria is endemic in most parts of afghanistan and insecticide-based vector control measures are central in controlling the disease. insecticide resistance in the main malaria vector anopheles stephensi from afghanistan is increasing and attempts should be made to determine the underlying resistance mechanisms for its adequate management.201728253925
bio-efficacy, physical integrity, community usage and washing practices of mosquito nets treated with icon maxx long-lasting insecticidal treatment in india.new brands of potential long lasting insecticide nets (llins) and llin treatment kits require field evaluation before they are used in a vector control programme.201728125134
the choreography of the chemical defensome response to insecticide stress: insights into the anopheles stephensi transcriptome using rna-seq.animals respond to chemical stress with an array of gene families and pathways termed "chemical defensome". in arthropods, despite many defensome genes have been detected, how their activation is arranged during toxic exposure remains poorly understood. here, we sequenced the transcriptome of anopheles stephensi larvae exposed for six, 24 and 48 hours to the ld50 dose of the insecticide permethrin to monitor transcriptional changes of defensome genes across time. a total of 177 genes involved in ...201728112252
integrating transcriptomic and proteomic data for accurate assembly and annotation of genomes.complementing genome sequence with deep transcriptome and proteome data could enable more accurate assembly and annotation of newly sequenced genomes. here, we provide a proof-of-concept of an integrated approach for analysis of the genome and proteome of anopheles stephensi, which is one of the most important vectors of the malaria parasite. to achieve broad coverage of genes, we carried out transcriptome sequencing and deep proteome profiling of multiple anatomically distinct sites. based on t ...201728003436
morphometric and morphological appraisal of the eggs of anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) from india.anopheles stephensi is one of the most important urban malaria vectors in india and contribute about 12% of total malaria cases. an. stephensi has three ecological variants; type, intermediate and mysorensis that can be differentiated on the basis of differences in number of ridges on egg float and on the basis of spiracular indices. because of its anthropophilic nature the 'type' form is an efficient malaria vector. in the present study, the egg surface morphometry and morphology of an. stephen ...201828748836
the genomes of four meyerozymacaribbica isolates and novel insights into the meyerozymaguilliermondii species complex.yeasts of the meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex are widespread in nature and can be isolated from a variety of sources, from the environment to arthropods to hospital patients. to date, the species complex comprises the thoroughly studied and versatile m. guilliermondii, and the hard to distinguish m. caribbica, and candida carpophila here we report the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of four m. caribbica isolates, identified with the most recent molecular techniques, derive ...201829311113
bacterial exopolysaccharide (eps)-coated zno nanoparticles showed high antibiofilm activity and larvicidal toxicity against malaria and zika virus vectors.in this study, a novel and effective approach was performed to synthesize zno nanoparticles (zno nps) using the exopolysaccharides (eps) from the probiotic strain bacillus licheniformis dahb1. eps acted as reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of eps-zno nps by co-precipitation method. structural characterization was investigated by a surface plasma resonance centered at 375nm in uv-vis spectrum. ftir spectrum exhibited functional groups with strong absorption peak at 3814.7-420cm-1. ...201829173489
complex wolbachia infection dynamics in mosquitoes with imperfect maternal transmission.dengue, malaria, and zika are dangerous diseases primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and anopheles stephensi. in the last few years, a new disease control method, besides pesticide spraying to kill mosquitoes, has been developed by releasing mosquitoes carrying bacterium wolbachia into the natural areas to infect the wild population of mosquitoes and block disease transmission. the bacterium is transmitted by infected mothers and the maternal transmission was assumed to be ...201829161848
gold nanoparticles - against parasites and insect vectors.nanomaterials are currently considered for many biological, biomedical and environmental purposes, due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (au nps) is of high interest for research in parasitology and entomology, since these nanomaterials showed promising applications, ranging from detection techniques to drug development, against a rather wide range of parasites of public health relevance, as well as on insect vectors. here, i reviewed curr ...201829092797
malaria infectivity of xanthurenic acid-deficient anopheline mosquitoes produced by talen-mediated targeted mutagenesis.anopheline mosquitoes are major vectors of malaria parasites. when the gametocytes of the malaria parasite are transferred from a vertebrate to mosquitoes, they differentiate into gametes, and are fertilized in the midguts of mosquitoes. xanthurenic acid (xa), a waste product of the ommochrome synthesis pathway, has been shown to induce exflagellation during microgametogenesis in vitro; however, it currently remains unclear whether endogenous xa affects the infectivity of anopheline mosquitoes t ...201829349579
resistance to selected pyrethroid insecticides in the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi (diptera: muscidae), from punjab, pakistan.pyrethroids are commonly used insecticides in malaria control programs; however, insecticide resistance limits the benefits gained by using these insecticides. in the present study, we assessed the resistance status for different pyrethroids of the malaria mosquito vector, anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: muscidae), in the punjab province, pakistan. bioassays were conducted using diagnostic doses following standard world health organization protocols: 0.05% λ-cyhalothrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0 ...201829346647
larvicidal activity and in vitro regulation of rotenoids from cassia tora l.the search for new insecticidal natural products is very important viewing the global incidence of malaria. in the present study, rotenoids viz., sumatrol, rotenone, tephrosin, rotenol, deguelin, and elliptone were identified from the plant parts and callus culture of cassia tora l. maximum content of rotenoids was observed in roots (1.96% ± 0.03) and minimum in the stem (0.52% ± 0.02). rotenoid showed larvicidal activity against anopheles stephensi larvae (lc50-120.61 ppm; p < 0.05). to enhance ...201829259888
a male gametocyte osmiophilic body and microgamete surface protein of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii (pymigs) plays a critical role in male osmiophilic body formation and exflagellation.anopheles mosquitoes transmit plasmodium parasites of mammals, including the species that cause malaria in humans. malaria pathology is caused by rapid multiplication of parasites in asexual intraerythrocytic cycles. sexual stage parasites are also produced during the intraerythrocytic cycle and are ingested by the mosquito, initiating gametogenesis and subsequent sporogonic stage development. here, we present a plasmodium protein, termed microgamete surface protein (migs), which has an importan ...201829316140
genotype and biotype of invasive anopheles stephensi in mannar island of sri lanka.anopheles stephensi, the major vector of urban malaria in india, was recently detected for the first time in sri lanka in mannar island on the northwestern coast. since there are different biotypes of an. stephensi with different vector capacities in india, a study was undertaken to further characterise the genotype and biotype of an. stephensi in mannar island.201829298698
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