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alterations in apoptosis of cord and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by in vitro infection with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of morbidity in children, results in severe lower respiratory tract infections. with an in vitro infection system of isolated cord or adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells, addition of virus to cell cultures resulted in significant reductions in cell deaths, as measured by 2 independent assays: quantitation of cells with subdiploid levels of dna and cells with dna strand breaks. decreased cell death was observed in lymphocytes and monocytes of ...200010608787
the rous sarcoma virus env glycoprotein contains a highly conserved motif homologous to tyrosine-based endocytosis signals and displays an unusual internalization phenotype.the cytoplasmic domains of retroviral transmembrane (tm) glycoproteins contain conserved sequence motifs that resemble tyrosine-based (yxxo-type) endocytosis signals. we have previously described a mutant rous sarcoma virus (rsv) env protein, env-mu26, with an l165r mutation in the membrane-spanning domain (msd) of tm, that exhibited dramatically decreased steady-state surface expression (g. l. davis and e. hunter, j. cell biol. 105:1191-1203, 1987; p. b. johnston, j. y. dong, and e. hunter, vir ...200010594028
bactericidal activity of a monocytic cell line (thp-1) against common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens is depressed after infection with respiratory syncytial virus.non-typable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are commonly isolated from patients during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). earlier studies found that virus infection enhanced binding of bacterial respiratory pathogens to epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of rsv infection of a human monocytic cell line on bactericidal activity and cytokine prod ...200010707942
asymmetric subunit organization of heterodimeric rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase alphabeta: localization of the polymerase and rnase h active sites in the alpha subunit.the genes encoding the alpha (63-kda) and beta (95-kda) subunits of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) reverse transcriptase (rt) or the entire pol polypeptide (99 kda) were mutated in the conserved aspartic acid residue asp 181 of the polymerase active site (ymdd) or in the conserved asp 505 residue of the rnase h active site. we have analyzed heterodimeric recombinant rsv alphabeta and alphapol rts within which one subunit was selectively mutated. when alphabeta heterodimers contained the asp 181-->asn ...200010708441
a humanized monoclonal antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (palivizumab) inhibits rsv-induced neurogenic-mediated inflammation in rat airways.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important respiratory pathogen in infancy and early childhood and may predispose to subsequent lower respiratory tract illness. recent data indicate that rsv up-regulates the substance p receptor, making the airways abnormally susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide released from sensory nerves. the present study was designed to determine whether the administration of rsv antibodies prevents the potentiation of neurogenic inflammat ...200010709734
different expression of icam-1 and lfa-1 alpha by peripheral leukocytes during respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection in young children.we compared the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa)-1 alpha (alpha) on the surfaces of peripheral immunocompetent cells of young children infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus. flow cytometric analysis revealed a significantly higher percentage of cd14 + monocytes/macrophages that were strongly icam-1-positive in the influenza group than in age-matched controls, whereas the icam-1 expression levels ...200010716070
respiratory syncytial virus infection induces expression of the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l in human respiratory epithelial cells.by means of differential display reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, increased expression of the mrna encoding the anti-apoptosis gene iex-1l was found in respiratory epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). iex-1l mrna expression increased 5-7-fold in rsv-infected cells at 72 h after infection but remained unchanged in cells exposed to irradiated, replication-incompetent rsv. because iex-1l is reported to protect cells from apoptosis induced by tumor necros ...200010720500
broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor vx-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon.the enzyme imp dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion of imp to xmp. the major event occurring in cells exposed to competitive impdh inhibitors such as ribavirin or uncompetitive inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid (mpa) is a depletion of the intracellular gtp and dgtp pools. ribavirin is approved as an inhaled antiviral agent for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and orally, in combinat ...200010722482
plasmid dna encoding the respiratory syncytial virus g protein is a promising vaccine candidate.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major cause of severe respiratory diseases in infants, young children, and the elderly. however, development of a rsv vaccine has been hampered by the outcome of the infant trials in the 1960s with a formalin-inactivated rsv preparation. enhanced lung disease was induced by the vaccination post-rsv exposure. previous studies in mice primed with rsv g protein either formulated in adjuvants or delivered by recombinant vaccinia viruses have indicated that ...200010725198
viral pneumonias. epidemic respiratory viruses.influenza, respiratory syncytial, and parainfluenza viruses usually cause mild, self-limited illness in adults. however, elderly and immunocompromised persons are at increased risk for development of severe pneumonia. clinical and radiographic features of epidemic viral pneumonias are often nonspecific. newer and faster methods of viral culture and viral antigen detection have improved the capability for definitive diagnosis in recent years. preventive measures for influenza virus pneumonia cent ...200010728134
caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants.the xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. limited reports are available in the literature concerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.200010728517
the interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection.viral respiratory infection is very common. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects almost all children during the first 2 years of life. respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis, which is strongly linked with asthma. however, the pathophysiology of rsv bronchiolitis is unclear. neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in rsv bronchiolitis and other viral infections. neutrophils and their products are likely to play an important role in viral infection. ...200010728725
cd4(+) t-cell-mediated antiviral protection of the upper respiratory tract in balb/c mice following parenteral immunization with a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus g protein fragment.we analyzed the protective mechanisms induced against respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) infection in the lower and upper respiratory tracts (lrt and urt) of balb/c mice after intraperitoneal immunization with a recombinant fusion protein incorporating residues 130 to 230 of rsv-a g protein (bbg2na). mother-to-offspring antibody (ab) transfer and adoptive transfer of bbg2na-primed b cells into scid mice demonstrated that abs are important for lrt protection but have no effect on urt ...200010729118
nasal quantity of respiratory syncytical virus correlates with disease severity in hospitalized infants.to evaluate the relationship between nasal quantity of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and disease severity in hospitalized infants without underlying cardiopulmonary disease or immunodeficiency.200010693996
prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus with respiratory syncytial virus-immunoglobulin intravenous among preterm infants of thirty-two weeks gestation and less: reduction in incidence, severity of illness and cost.to determine the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis among preterm infants of < or =32 weeks gestation by comparing the severity of illness and cost of rsv-related care during the two winter seasons before (1994 to 1995, 1995 to 1996) with the two seasons after initiation of prophylaxis (1996 to 1997, 1997 to 1998).200010694001
myocardial gene transfer by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion of coronary veins.catheter-based percutaneous transluminal gene delivery (ptgd) into the coronary artery still falls behind the expectations of an efficient myocardial gene delivery system. in this study gene delivery was applied by selective pressure-regulated retroinfusion through the coronary veins to prolong adhesion of replication defective adenovirus within the targeted myocardium. adenoviral vectors consisted either of luciferase (ad.rsv-luc) or beta-galactosidase (ad.rsv-betagal) reporter gene under contr ...200010694800
significance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the 1st year of life.in this study we investigated the frequency, symptoms and predisposing factors of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during the 1st year of life in infants with obstructive airway disease in comparison with infants without airway disease.200010697789
paramyxovirus f1 protein has two fusion peptides: implications for the mechanism of membrane fusion.viral fusion proteins contain a highly hydrophobic segment, named the fusion peptide, which is thought to be responsible for the merging of the cellular and viral membranes. paramyxoviruses are believed to contain a single fusion peptide at the n terminus of the f1 protein. however, here we identified an additional internal segment in the sendai virus f1 protein (amino acids 214-226) highly homologous to the fusion peptides of hiv-1 and rsv. a synthetic peptide, which includes this region, was f ...200010698638
evaluation of the live attenuated cpts 248/404 rsv vaccine in combination with a subunit rsv vaccine (pfp-2) in healthy young and older adults.the safety and immunogenicity of the live attenuated cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive (cpts) 248/404 respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) a2 and the rsv a2 purified f glycoprotein (pfp-2) vaccine candidates were evaluated in a placebo-controlled trial in 60 healthy young adults and 60 healthy elderly subjects using simultaneous and sequential (cpts 248/404 followed by pfp-2) vaccination schedules. both vaccines were well tolerated. the cpts 248/404 vaccine was moderately infectious in both youn ...200010699324
clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b infections in santa fe, argentina.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has two major antigenic groups, a and b. the implications of these variants in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of rsv infection are not well defined. this study was undertaken to compare the two rsv subgroups in patients admitted to hospital. clinical and epidemiologic features of rsv subgroups in children under 30 months of age with proven rsv acute lower respiratory infections were examined during 4 winters from 1993 to 1996 in santa fe, argentina. rsv typin ...200010745236
estimation of incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in schoolchildren using salivary antibodies.an assay for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific igg in saliva is described. the assay was used to examine the incidence of rsv infection in schoolchildren 7-10 years old during one rsv season. one hundred and twenty-one volunteer children provided saliva samples in october 1997 and march 1998; 18% of the children showed a fourfold or greater rise in anti-rsv igg in the second sample. this prevalence of antibody increase is similar to that described in previous studies that measured cft l ...200010745237
respiratory syncytial virus upper respiratory tract illnesses in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of serious respiratory illness in blood and marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. in some subsets of these immunocompromised patients, rsv upper respiratory illnesses frequently progress to fatal viral pneumonia. the frequency of progression to pneumonia is higher during the pre-engraftment than during the post-engraftment period. once pneumonia develops, the overall mortality is 60-80%, regardless of the treatment strategy. we performed a pi ...200010745261
the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus after co-formulation with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and recombinant interleukin-12.the effects of recombinant interleukin-12 (ril-12) on immune responses generated by subunit vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated in balb/c mice. parenteral co-administration of ril-12 with f/aloh or f/pbs resulted in accelerated clearance of infectious virus from the lungs 4 days after challenge. the immune responses elicited by 0.03 microg of f protein plus 10 ng of ril-12 adsorbed to aloh were more efficacious than those induced by 3 microg of f protein co-formulated w ...200010733169
lung surfactant protein a provides a route of entry for respiratory syncytial virus into host cells.lung surfactant protein a (sp-a) has a central role in host defense mediated by the interaction of surface carbohydrates of inhaled pathogens with the lectin domains of sp-a. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the most important viral pathogen of neonates and infants, encodes a highly glycosylated attachment protein, g. binding studies were performed with g-protein from rsv (human, a2 strain) and human sp-a. the effect of sp-a on the interaction between rsv and host cells was determined by two m ...200010733174
nonmajor histocompatibility complex alloantigen effects on the fate of rous sarcomas.rous sarcoma virus-induced tumor outcome is controlled by the mhc (b). additional data, using controlled segregation in families, has indicated non-mhc effects as well, but few studies have focused on blood groups other than the b complex. segregating combinations of genes encoding erythrocyte (ea) alloantigen systems a, c, d, e, h, i, p, and l in b2b5 and b5b5 mhc (b) backgrounds were examined for their effects on rous sarcomas. six-week-old chickens were inoculated in the wing-web with 30 pfu ...200010735200
influence of live respiratory syncytial virus priming on the immune response generated by a recombinant vaccine candidate, bbg2na.respiratory syncytial virus is one of the major respiratory pathogens for infants and immunocompromized children. with the exception of young children, all the population has encountered rsv and is seropositive. recent reports have demonstrated however that the virus also affects the elderly and represents a major cause of illness associated with an excess of morbidity and mortality. we have generated a recombinant rsv vaccine, bbg2na, which is highly protective in rodents against rsv infection. ...200010781850
effective mucosal immunization against respiratory syncytial virus using purified f protein and a genetically detoxified cholera holotoxin, ct-e29h.we exploited the powerful adjuvant properties of cholera holotoxin (ct) to create a mucosally administered subunit vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). a genetically detoxified mutant ct with an e to h substitution at amino acid 29 of the ct-a1 subunit (ct-e29h) was compared to wild type ct for toxicity and potential use as an intranasal (in) adjuvant for the natural fusion (f) protein of rsv. when compared to ct the results demonstrated that: (1) ct-e29h binding to gm1 ganglioside ...200010781860
influence of administration dose and route on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate.the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bbg2na, a novel recombinant respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine candidate, was assessed in balb/c mice under various conditions of dose, administration route and number of immunisations. a single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) dose of 2 microg, or two doses of 0.2 microg, were sufficient to induce elevated rsv-a serum antibodies and sterilising lung protective immunity. serum antibody titres were significantly boosted following second immunisations, ...200010781861
partial protection to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) elicited in mice by intranasal immunization using live staphylococci with surface-displayed rsv-peptides.a live bacterial vaccine-delivery system based on the food-grade bacterium staphylococcus carnosus was used for delivery of peptides from the g glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus, subtype a (rsv-a). three peptides, corresponding to the g protein amino acids, 144-159 (denoted g5), 190-203 (g9) and 171-188 (g4 s), the latter with four cysteine residues substituted for serines, were expressed by recombinant means as surface-exposed on three different bacteria, and their surface acces ...200010781862
rsv not the common cold. signs & symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus. 200010787856
novel anti-rsv dianionic dendrimer-like compounds: design, synthesis and biological evaluation.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is considered to be the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. rsv is also a common pathogen in immunocompromised adults and in the elderly. rsv infection can be epidemic and is evident worldwide. ribavirin, a small molecule agent, and synagis, a monoclonal neutralizing antibody, are the only approved drugs for treatment and prevention of rsv in high-risk patients. this review is focused on a group of novel and spec ...200010788595
ecp level in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum from children with respiratory virus infections and asthmatic children.infection with respiratory virus has been shown to exacerbate asthma in humans. however, the role of a respiratory virus in the pathogenesis of chronic asthma and/or wheezing in young children has not been clearly defined. it has also been debated whether virus-induced wheezing in young children is one entity and allergic asthma another, or whether they are different expressions of the same disease. the present study was done to compare ecp concentrations in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum f ...200010791110
[acute bronchiolitis in infants].bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the respiratory tract during the first year of life, and occurs in annual epidemics in winter. the etiology is viral, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the commonest agent. respiratory symptoms remain generally mild, and treatment just supportive and at home. certain infants are at high risk of severe illness (age less than 3 months, preterm birth, neonatal respiratory disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, underlying chronic diseases), and requir ...200010793943
ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of pneumonia in infants. ribavirin is the only antiviral therapy available against rsv. the objective of this review was to assess the effects of aerosolized ribavirin for infants with rsv lower respiratory tract infection.200010796503
immunoglobulin for preventing respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus, the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children in industrialized countries, is associated with increased morbidity in premature infants with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as those with congenital heart disease. because of observations that lower rates of disease occur immediately after birth, presumably due to vertical transmission of maternal antibody, and animal studies where protection from pneumonia wa ...200010796658
respiratory syncytial virus: changes in prevalence of subgroups a and b among argentinian children, 1990-1996.the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the distribution of subgroups a and b strains during 7 consecutive years (1990-1996) were examined in two cities of argentina. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 1,304 children less than 2 years of age hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection were studied by indirect immunofluorescence. rsv was detected in 352 cases (26.9%), and the peak activity was observed in midwinter. subgroup characterization was performed with two monoclonal ant ...200010797385
respiratory syncytial virus infections in the pediatric intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and risk factors for adverse outcomes.to describe the clinical characteristics of infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, including the prevalence of indications for rsv passive antibody prophylaxis (as currently recommended by the american academy of pediatrics), and to identify risk factors that predict adverse outcomes among this population.200112793934
mechanical ventilatory support in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.objective: to present a review of current knowledge of the use of mechanical ventilatory support in the management of infants with respiratory failure secondary to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). data sources: medline and manual search for case reports and clinical trials that address management strategies for respiratory support of infants with rsv infection. data extraction and synthesis: critical appraisal of reported epidemiologic and clinical data regarding risk factors, p ...200112793941
vaccine prevention of acute otitis media.the incidence of acute otitis media (aom) in infants and young children has increased dramatically in recent years in the united states. aom often follows upper respiratory tract infections due to pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus (piv). these viruses cause eustachian tube dysfunction that is critical to the pathogenesis of aom. vaccines against these viruses would likely reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza ...200111892059
cx3c chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein.chemokines are chemoattractant proteins that are divided into subfamilies based upon cysteine signature motifs termed c, cc, cxc and cx3c. chemokines have roles in immunity and inflammation that affect cell trafficking and activation of t cells as well as cells of the innate immune system. we report here cx3c chemokine mimicry for the g glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and show binding to cx3cr1--the specific receptor for the cx3c chemokine fractalkine--and induction of leukocyt ...200111477410
k252a, an indrocarbazole derivative, causes the membrane of myoblasts to enter a fusion-capable state.k252a, an indrocarbazole derivative and protein kinase inhibitor, is reported to promote myogenic differentiation in c2 mouse myoblasts. we examined the effects of k252a on qm-rsv cells, quail myoblasts transformed with a temperature-sensitive mutant of rous sarcoma virus. k252a promoted myotube formation of qm-rsv cells. presumptive qm-rsv cells also formed multinucleated cells when exposed to k252a. however, the expression of myogenin, a muscle regulatory factor, was not stimulated in the pres ...200111478789
mammalian cell production of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) candidate vaccine recovered using a product-specific affinity column.the recombinant production of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) candidate vaccine bbg2na in baby hamster kidney cells (bhk-21 cells) was investigated. bbg2na consists of a serum-albumin-binding region (bb) fused to a 101-amino-acid fragment of the rsv g-protein. semliki forest virus-based expression vectors encoding both intracellular and secreted forms of bbg2na were constructed and found to be functional. affinity recovery of bbg2na employing human serum albumin columns was found to be ineff ...200111483151
role of interleukin-12 and stat-4 in the regulation of airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a respiratory pathogen that can cause significant morbidity in infants and young children. interestingly, the majority of children who acquire a rsv infection do not exhibit severe symptoms. development of a th1 response has been associated with resolution of symptoms in viral infections and may explain mild rsv illness. the current study investigated the cytokine response observed in mild disease in c57bl/6 mice that had low airway resistance and mucus produ ...200111485921
antiviral activity and structural characteristics of the nonglycosylated central subdomain of human respiratory syncytial virus attachment (g) glycoprotein.segments of the cystine noose-containing nonglycosylated central subdomain, residues 149-197, of the attachment (g) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) have been assessed for impact on the cytopathic effect (cpe) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). nalpha-acetyl residues 149-197-amide (g149-197), g149-189, and g149-177 of the a2 strain of hrsv protected 50% of human epithelial hep-2 cells from the cpe of the a2 strain at concentrations (ic(50)) between 5 and 80 microm. cys ...200111487583
evaluation of the prodesse hexaplex multiplex pcr assay for direct detection of seven respiratory viruses in clinical specimens.we evaluated the hexaplex assay (prodesse, waukesha, wi) for the detection of 7 respiratory viruses (influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1-3, and respiratory syncytial virus [rsv] a and b). the hexaplex assay was performed on 300 respiratory samples during the 1999-2000 respiratory virus season. results of this assay were compared with shell vial cell culture and/or direct fluorescent antibody stain. the overall sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 96.6% and 94.1%, respectively. the respec ...200111488068
community respiratory virus infections following lung transplantation.respiratory infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. in addition to cytomegalovirus, the community respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus (piv), influenza virus, and adenovirus, are important causes of infection in transplant recipients, often involve the lower respiratory tract, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge ...200111493396
etiology of childhood community acquired pneumonia and its implications for vaccination.pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world. vaccines are available for some organisms, but they are underutilized and/or still in development. to evaluate the potential impact of vaccines, we review studies in which the etiology of childhood community-acquired pneumonia was recorded. in north america and europe (9 studies), the etiology of pneumonia was established in 62% of studied children (range 43%-88%) by use of noninvasive specific method ...200111493414
the influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of antibodies and igg subclasses in a rural west african population.two hundred thirteen mother-baby pairs in the gambia were studied to determine the influence of placental malaria infection and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental antibody transfer. antibody transfer for herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was significantly reduced by placental malaria infection by 69%, 58%, and 55%, respectively. maternal hypergammaglobulinemia was associated with a significant reduction in antibody ...200111494168
production of transgenic quails with high frequency of germ-line transmission using vsv-g pseudotyped retroviral vector.we report here the production of transgenic quails using a replication-defective pantropic retroviral vector based on moloney murine leukemia virus (momlv) pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus g protein (vsv-g). the retroviral vector was injected into laid quail embryos at the blastodermal stage, and the embryos were incubated to hatch to produce g(0) transgenic quails. among 134 embryos subjected to viral injection, 37 hatched. the viral vector sequence was detected in the tissues of all ...200111511080
respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults.during 1975-1995, a total of 2960 healthy adults, 18-60 years of age, were prospectively evaluated for respiratory virus infections. of these subjects, 211 (7%) acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the infections were symptomatic in 84% of subjects, involved only the upper respiratory tract in 74%, and included lower respiratory tract symptoms in 26%. overall, 40% of the subjects were febrile. lower respiratory tract signs developed in 26%. rsv illnesses were more prolonged than ...200111512084
(-)-terpestacin and l-tenuazonic acid, inducers of pigment and aerial mycelium formation by fusarium culmorum jp 15.surface cultures of fusarium culmorum jp15 were found to respond to extracts of other fungi by enhanced production of orange-red fusarubin pigments and formation of aerial mycelium. two inducers from strain ulocladium sp. hki 0226, the new (-)-terpestacin (1) and l-tenuazonic acid (2), were isolated. 1 inhibited syncytium formation by cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).200111512450
construction and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses co-expressing a respiratory syncytial virus protein and a cytokine.recombinant vaccinia viruses are well-characterized tools that can be used to define novel approaches to vaccine formulation and delivery. while vector co-expression of immune mediators has enormous potential for optimizing the composition of vaccine-induced immune responses, the impact on antigen expression and vector antigenicity must also be considered. co-expression of il-4 increased vaccinia virus vector titres, while ifn-gamma co-expression reduced vaccinia virus replication in balb/c mice ...200111514719
genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus over four consecutive seasons in south africa: identification of new subgroup a and b genotypes.the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied over four consecutive seasons (1997-2000) in a single tertiary hospital in south africa: 225 isolates were subgrouped by rt-pcr and the resulting products sequenced. subgroup a predominated in two seasons, while a and b co-circulated approximately equally in the other seasons. the nucleotide sequences of the c-terminal of the g-protein were compared to sequences representative of previously defined rsv genotypes. south a ...200111514720
immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) for nasal vaccination.the immunostimulating complex (iscom) is documented as a strong adjuvant and delivery system for parenteral immunization. its effectiveness for mucosal immunization has also been proven with various incorporated antigens. lövgren et al. were the first to demonstrate the capacity of influenza virus iscoms to induce mucosal immune response and protection after one comparatively low nasal dose. further studies show that similar to cholera toxin (ct) and escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (lt), isco ...200111516786
modeling epidemics caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. in this paper we use models of rsv transmission to interpret the pattern of seasonal epidemics of rsv disease observed in different countries, and to estimate epidemic and eradication thresholds for rsv infection. we compare the standard sirs model with a more realistic model of rsv transmission in which individuals acquire immunity gradually after repeated exposure to infection. th ...200111520501
activated, cytotoxic cd8(+) t lymphocytes contribute to the pathology of asthma death.this study investigates the presence of cd8(+) t lymphocytes and their possible association with viral infection in bronchi of victims of fatal asthma. postmortem samples from the peribronchial region of the lung were obtained from seven patients who died an asthma death (ad), seven asthmatic patients who died of unrelated causes (auc), and seven postmortem cases with no history of lung disease (control subjects). using immunohistochemical techniques, the cd8(+) cytotoxic t-cell population in pe ...200111520715
reliable detection of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children for adequate hospital infection control management.by using a rapid test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) detection (abbott testpack rsv), a number of patients were observed, showing repeatedly positive results over a period of up to 10 weeks. a prospective study was initiated to compare the rapid test with an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) and a nested reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) protocol for detection of rsv serotypes a and b. only respiratory samples from children exhibiting the prolonged presence of rsv (> or =5 days) a ...200111526141
eosinophil counts and urinary eosinophil protein x in children hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life: prediction of recurrent wheezing.early identification of wheezing children with an increased risk of recurrent wheezing or subsequent asthma is important. the aim of the study was to determine the role of markers of eosinophil activation, along with other parameters, in the prediction of recurrent wheezing and allergic sensitization in children with early and severe wheezing. we examined 105 children without atopic dermatitis, hospitalized for wheezing during the first year of life. at a 20-mo follow-up, 101 of the children wer ...200111529528
mechanism of selective inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus by a benzodithiin compound (rd3-0028).rd3-0028, a compound with a benzodithiin structure, was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication. its action is specific; no activity is seen against influenza a virus, measles virus, herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2, or human cytomegalovirus. a time-dependent drug addition experiment indicated that the antiviral activity occurs in the late stage of the rsv replication cycle, since this compound completely inhibited syncytium formation even when added up to ...200111529559
expression of respiratory syncytial virus-induced chemokine gene networks in lower airway epithelial cells revealed by cdna microarrays.the paramyxovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary etiologic agent of serious epidemic lower respiratory tract disease in infants, immunosuppressed patients, and the elderly. lower tract infection with rsv is characterized by a pronounced peribronchial mononuclear infiltrate, with eosinophilic and basophilic degranulation. because rsv replication is restricted to airway epithelial cells, where rsv replication induces potent expression of chemokines, the epithelium is postulated t ...200111533168
cpg containing oligodeoxynucleotides are potent adjuvants for parenteral vaccination with the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).the feasibility of using oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) containing unmethylated cpg motifs as parenteral adjuvants for subunit vaccines against rsv was tested in balb/c mice. compared with immunization with natural f protein adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (f/aloh) adjuvant alone, coadministration of f/aloh with cpg odn resulted in statistically significant increases in serum neutralization titers, an enhanced generation of splenic antigen-dependent killer cell precursors, and accelerated clearance ...200111535341
respiratory syncytial virus infections in autologous blood and marrow transplant recipients with breast cancer: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and parenteral immunoglobulins.scant data are available concerning the impact and response to therapy of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections in patients undergoing autologous blood and marrow transplantation (bmt) for breast cancer. during eight winter seasons from 1992-1993 to 1999-2000, nine (4%) of 249 such patients were hospitalized with rsv infections. six patients, including all five patients who were early post transplant in the pre-engraftment period, developed pneumonia and were treated with a combination of ...200111535995
long-term persistence and reactivation of t cell memory in the lung of mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus.in mice acutely infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), more than 20% of pulmonary cd8(+) t cells, but only 2-3% of cd8(+) t cells in the draining lymph node secreted interferon-gamma in response to a single peptide. surprisingly, the percentage of virus-specific t cells in the lung remained at these high levels long after the acute infection. pulmonary memory t cells were further studied in a sensitive adoptive transfer system, which allows visualizing polyclonal cd4(+) and cd8(+) viru ...200111536155
occurrence and severity of infections caused by subgroup a and b respiratory syncytial virus in children in southeast brazil.the frequency and severity of infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were assessed in children <2 years of age seen at the emergency department. the frequency of rsv detection in the clinical virology laboratory during the past 3 years was also analyzed retrospectively. rsv was found in 21.6% (188/869) of the samples collected from children seen at the emergency department and was found to be more frequent during the autumn, being less frequent or negligible by midwinter. rsv sub ...200111536252
intratumoral adenovirus-mediated suicide gene transfer for hepatic metastases from colorectal adenocarcinoma: results of a phase i clinical trial.animal studies have shown that direct injection of an adenoviral vector (adv.rsv-tk) expressing the herpes thymidine kinase gene into established tumors in the liver, followed by systemic ganciclovir administration, was effective in inducing tumor necrosis. toxicities were minimal at therapeutically effective vector doses, although severe hepatic necroinflammation was seen at much higher supratherapeutic doses. we conducted a clinical phase i trial in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocar ...200111545608
different respiratory syncytial virus and quillaja saponin formulations induce murine peritoneal cells to express different proinflammatory cytokine profiles.the recognition of a pathogen or a vaccine antigen formulation by cells in the innate immune system leads to production of proinflammatory cytokines, which will determine the ensuing acquired immune response quantitatively and qualitatively. tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 and il-6 are the first set of cytokines produced upon such an encounter, which have roles both in protective immunity and immunopathogenesis evident with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). rsv antigens i ...200111549417
developing a synagis clinic for respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can be devastating to premature infants and children with chronic lung disease. palivizumab (synagis) is a monoclonal antibody that is administered monthly by injection to prevent rsv infection in infants at high risk. this article describes a nurse-run ambulatory clinic to provide rsv prophylaxis. coordination with other agencies, including community neonatal intensive care units, was essential to the clinic's success. for each of its first 2 years of operation ...200111552574
targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein a derived from klebsiella pneumoniae.administration of vaccines by the nasal route has recently proven to be one of the most efficient ways for inducing both mucosal and systemic antibody responses in experimental animals. our results demonstrate that p40, a well-defined outer membrane protein a from klebsiella pneumoniae, is indeed a carrier molecule suitable for nasal immunization. using fragments from the respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (rsv-a) g protein as antigen models, it has been shown that p40 is able to induce both ...200111553588
alternative mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus clearance in perforin knockout mice lead to enhanced disease.virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes are key effectors for the clearance of virus-infected cells and are required for the normal clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in mice. although perforin/granzyme-mediated lysis of infected cells is thought to be the major molecular mechanism used by cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes for elimination of virus, its role in rsv has not been reported. here, we show that viral clearance in perforin knockout (pko) mice is slightly delayed but that both p ...200111559824
immune induction and modulation in mice following immunization with dna encoding f protein of respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the principal agents of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. thus, there is a strong need to make a safe and effective vaccine against the rsv infection. dna immunization is very effective at inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses. in this study, we inserted the rsv-f gene into expression vectors, pcdna3.1 and pqe. these constructs were transformed into c2c12 and e. coli m15 cells, respectively. the expression of the rsv-f protei ...200111561730
incidence of respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalizations in germany.epidemiological data, especially population-based data, on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related hospitalizations in germany have been lacking to date. since palivizumab (synagis, abbott, usa) is already available and new vaccines for active immunization are under development, these data are urgently needed. from july 1996 to june 1999, nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized in kiel with an acute respiratory tract infection were tested by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase ...200111561800
proteins related to the nedd4 family of ubiquitin protein ligases interact with the l domain of rous sarcoma virus and are required for gag budding from cells.the late assembly (l) domain of retrovirus gag, required in the final steps of budding for efficient exit from the host cell, is thought to mediate its function through interaction with unknown cellular factors. here, we report the identification of the nedd4-like family of e3 ubiquitin protein ligases as proteins that specifically interact with the rous sarcoma virus (rsv) l domain in vitro and in vivo. we screened a chicken embryo cdna expression library by using a peptide derived from the rsv ...200111562473
passively acquired antibodies suppress humoral but not cell-mediated immunity in mice immunized with live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines.a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine will need to be administered by 1 mo of age to protect young infants; therefore, it will need to be effective in the presence of maternally acquired rsv abs. in the present study, the immunogenicity and efficacy of two live attenuated rsv vaccine candidates of different level of attenuation were evaluated in mice passively immunized with varying quantities of rsv abs. the replication of the rsv vaccines was suppressed in the lower, but not the upper, r ...200111564809
a comparison of nested polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of respiratory infections in children with bronchiolitis, and the implications for a cohorting strategy.cohorting bronchiolitis patients infected with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and/or influenza viruses is paramount in preventing cross-infection of these viruses in hospital. nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) was compared with immunofluorescence (if) for the detection of rsv subtypes a and b in children with suspected bronchiolitis. co-infection with influenza a(h3n2), chlamydia spp. and picornavirus/rhinovirus was also investigated using molecular techniques.a total of 50 nasopharynge ...200111567557
the who vaccine trial registry.the who vaccine trial registry prospectively registers clinical vaccine studies supported by who. through december 1999, the registry includes 103 studies from 43 countries, with nearly 80% in developing countries. the registry documents an expanding research capacity, with an average of 3.9 new studies per year during 1987-1993, rising to 10.7 per year during 1994-2000. the studies concern a broad spectrum of infectious organisms, including: clostridium tetani (tetanus), dengue virus, enterotox ...200111567743
antiviral action of euphorbium compositum and its components.euphorbium compositum sn (biologische heilmittel heel gmbh, baden-baden, germany, a homeopathic combination preparation available in form of drops, nasal spray, and injection solution), is prescribed for inflammation of the mucosae of the nose and sinuses. infections in these areas are primarily of viral origin although bacterial superinfections are also common.200111574744
respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in hospitalized children in zarqa, jordan.the epidemiology of rsv infection was investigated in 271 children aged less than 2 years admitted to the zarqa government hospital, jordan with bronchiolitis or bronchopneumonia. nasopharyngeal washings were cultured and rsv antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence technique. of the 271 specimens, 69 (25.46%) were positive for rsv, representing 50.36% of the respiratory viruses. all rsv isolates were typed as subgroup a by monoclonal antibody and confirmed by rt-pcr. rsv was preval ...200111579865
requirements for minus-strand transfer catalyzed by rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase.we have examined the specific minus-strand transfer reactions that occur after the synthesis of minus strong-stop dna and nonspecific strand switching on homopolymeric poly(ra) templates with different types of rous sarcoma virus (rsv) reverse transcriptases. three different types of reverse transcriptases can be isolated from virions of rsv: heterodimeric alphabeta and homodimeric alpha and beta. the mechanism of minus-strand transfer was examined using a model primer-template substrate corresp ...200111581381
effect of rsv bronchiolitis practice guidelines on resource utilization.we sought to determine whether institution of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) practice guidelines decreased resource utilization for a heterogeneous population of children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis. patients less than 24 months old with rsv bronchiolitis at a pediatric referral center were identified by retrospective chart review for consecutive rsv seasons. before the guidelines were instituted patients were less likely to have a documented physician's assessment of response to albu ...200111583047
community and nosocomially acquired respiratory syncytial virus infection in a german paediatric hospital from 1988 to 1999.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. since epidemiological data from germany are scarce, a large retrospective hospital based analysis was performed. in the first part of the study, laboratory records were checked for rsv positive specimens from january 1988 to december 1997. a total of 1664 specimens were positive corresponding to 1171 episodes in 1064 patients; 88% were up to 4 years old and 47% up to 3 months old. the percentag ...200111585076
immunopathogenesis of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease.inducing a strong immune response is an essential aim of vaccination. although immune responses to virus infections are usually protective, they can also be harmful. the best-documented examples of an immune response increasing disease severity are with dengue, measles and respiratory syncytial virus infections. in the 1960s, administration of formalin-inactivated, tissue culture grown rsv (fi-rsv) was found to induce strong elisa binding but poor virus-neutralising antibody. infants given this ...200111587806
respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development.development of an rsv vaccine for infants has been hindered by the lack of an ideal animal model that exhibits disease, and the challenge of effectively immunizing very young infants who are immunologically immature. nevertheless, significant progress has been made recently in developing live attenuated viruses and protein subunit vaccine candidates. numerous vaccine candidates are currently in early clinical trials. this paper reviews the significant obstacles to development of rsv vaccines, an ...200111587807
visualization and characterization of respiratory syncytial virus f-specific cd8(+) t cells during experimental virus infection.ctl play a major role in the clearance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) during experimental pulmonary infection. the fusion (f) glycoprotein of rsv is a protective ag that elicits ctl and ab response against rsv infection in balb/c mice. we used the strategy of screening a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to the rsv f protein and identified an immunodominant h-2k(d)-restricted epitope (f(85-93); kyknavtel) recognized by cd8(+) t cells from balb/c mice. we enumerated the ...200111591747
respiratory virus infections after stem cell transplantation: a prospective study from the infectious diseases working party of the european group for blood and marrow transplantation.community-acquired respiratory virus infections are a cause of mortality after stem cell transplantation (sct). a prospective study was performed at 37 centers to determine their frequency and importance. additional cases were also collected to allow the analysis of risk factors for severe infection. forty episodes were collected in the prospective study and 53 additional episodes through subsequent case collection. the frequency of documented respiratory virus infections was 3.5% among 819 allo ...200111593321
prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants.the incidence of serious rsv illness in premature infants and in infants with cld can be reduced. prophylaxis in infants with chd and cystic fibrosis seem prudent as well, and clinical trials are currently under way to evaluate the use of synagis in these high-risk groups. synagis is preferred for most high-risk children because of its ease of administration, safety and effectiveness. the dose for synagis is 15 mg/kg i.m. monthly during rsv season.200111594047
synergistic effects of gene-end signal mutations and the m2-1 protein on transcription termination by respiratory syncytial virus.individual mononegavirus genes terminate with a short cis-acting element, the gene-end (ge) signal, that directs polyadenylation and termination and might also influence the efficiency of reinitiation at the next downstream gene. the 12-13 nucleotide (nt) ge signals of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) consist of a conserved pentanucleotide (3'-ucaau, negative sense), followed by a 3-nt middle region that is au-rich but otherwise not conserved, followed by a 4- or 5-nt poly(u) region that ...200111601901
involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus.the mammalian toll-like receptor 4, tlr4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. the role of tlr4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. in this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus infection were examined in tlr4-deficient (c57bl/10scncr) and tlr4-expressing (c57bl/10sn) mice. tlr4-deficient mice challenged with rsv, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural kille ...200111602714
replication-competent or attenuated, nonpropagating vesicular stomatitis viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens protect mice against rsv challenge.foreign glycoproteins expressed in recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) can elicit specific and protective immunity in the mouse model. we have previously demonstrated the expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g (attachment) and f (fusion) glycoprotein genes in recombinant vsv. in this study, we demonstrate the expression of rsv f and g glycoproteins in attenuated, nonpropagating vsvs which lack the vsv g gene (vsvdeltag) and the incorporation of these rsv proteins into recombi ...200111602747
increased replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in pulmonary infiltrates is associated with enhanced histopathological disease in bonnet monkeys (macaca radiata) pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine.the pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in bonnet monkeys parallels findings with human rsv disease. rsv-infected animals pre-immunized with a formalin-inactivated (fi) rsv vaccine develop inflammation in peribronchiolar, perivascular, interstitial and intra-alveolar sites with lung inflammation scores significantly higher than animals with a primary rsv infection and those pre-immunized with an fi-vero cell control vaccine (p=0.05). animals previously infected and re-exposed ...200111602778
fatal outcome in a patient developing epstein-barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (ebv-lpd) without measurable disease.a 51-year-old female patient in the first chronic phase of cml received an allogeneic pbsct from a matched unrelated donor. the transplant was manipulated by cd34+ cell selection. on day +193 after transplantation the patient was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent fever of unknown origin and cough. clinical, radiographic and sonographic evaluation revealed no characteristic findings besides a mild splenomegaly. screening for ebv, cmv, rsv and hsv did not indicate an active infection. on d ...200111607777
factors predicting compliance with palivizumab in high-risk infants.palivizumab must be administered monthly by intramuscular injection throughout the rsv season to maintain the serum concentration at a level sufficient to provide protection against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the objective of this study is to determine factors associated with completing all doses of palivizumab. the method was a survey mailed to the families of 385 high-risk children who were eligible to receive palivizumab at columbus children's hospital in 1998-1999. seventy-eight perc ...200111607852
immunopathology in rsv infection is mediated by a discrete oligoclonal subset of antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells.vaccination with the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) attachment (g) protein results in immune-mediated lung injury after natural rsv infection with pathogenic features characteristic of an exaggerated th2 response. here we demonstrate that approximately half of the cd4(+) t cells infiltrating the lungs of g-primed mice utilize a single v beta gene (v beta 14) with remarkably limited cdr3 diversity. furthermore, elimination of these v beta 14-bearing cd4(+) t cells in vivo abolishes the type 2- ...200111672545
a combination vaccine confers full protection against co-infections with influenza, herpes simplex and respiratory syncytial viruses.combined/composite vaccines should be useful in reducing the number of vaccinations and provide more flexibility in confronting biological warfare scenarios. we tested the effectiveness of a composite genetic vaccine designed from previously known protective antigens directed against influenza a virus (inf-a), herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in a mouse-based challenge. immunizing mice with a pool of four plasmids; inf-a haemagglutinin (ha), inf-a nucleop ...200111672920
a cost-benefit analysis of rsv prophylaxis in high-risk infants.to determine the cost and benefit of using rsv-ig and palivizumab as prophylactic therapy against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-associated illness in high-risk infants.200111675842
gene expression in epithelial cells in response to pneumovirus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) are viruses of the family paramyxoviridae, subfamily pneumovirus, which cause clinically important respiratory infections in humans and rodents, respectively. the respiratory epithelial target cells respond to viral infection with specific alterations in gene expression, including production of chemoattractant cytokines, adhesion molecules, elements that are related to the apoptosis response, and others that remain incompletely ...200111686888
an improved protocol for measuring cytotoxic t cell activity in anatomic compartments with low cell numbers.the study of target cell lysis and cytokine production are valuable tools to characterize antigen-specific t and nk cell function during virus infections. after localized infections in compartments such as the lung or the brain, however, cell numbers isolated from these organs are too low to perform standard assays with individual mice. here, we report a few simple modifications of the classical 51cr release assay allowing reduction of the number of required effector cells by a factor of 10 with ...200111687249
bbg2na an rsv subunit vaccine candidate intramuscularly injected to human confers protection against viral challenge after nasal immunization in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major respiratory pathogen responsible for severe pulmonary disease. we have developed a parenterally administered vaccine, bbg2na, which is currently in a phase iii clinical trial. bbg2na comprises residues 130--230 of rsv-a g protein (g2na) fused to the bb carrier protein. in this study, we show that bbg2na can be delivered by the nasal route and generates both mucosal and systemic antibody responses when co-administered with cholera toxin b or a newly de ...200111427280
a novel group iia phospholipase a2 interacts with v-src oncoprotein from rsv-transformed hamster cells.we have isolated a novel isoform of phospholipase a(2). this enzyme was designated srpla(2) because it was discovered while analyzing the proteins interacting with different forms of the v-src oncoproteins isolated from rous sarcoma virus-transformed hamster cells. it contains all the functional regions of the pla(2) group iia proteins but differs at its c-terminal end where there is an additional stretch of 8 amino acids. the srpla(2) isoform was detected as a 17-kda precursor in cells and as a ...200111427522
[respiratory syncytial virus infection and asthma].presentation of bronchial asthma, in the years following the first outbreak of bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was first described by mcintosh, who postulated a common pathogenesis that was confirmed by the greater frequency (50%) of wheezing bronchiolitis and asthma during the more than 5 year follow up of these children. more recently, hibbert and schroechkenstein have again confirmed this phenomenon. these authors report that the percentage of asthma was increased by up ...200111434889
functional analysis of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus deletion mutants lacking the small hydrophobic and/or attachment glycoprotein gene.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produces three envelope glycoproteins, the attachment glycoprotein (g), the fusion (f) protein, and the small hydrophobic (sh) protein. it had been assumed, by analogy with other paramyxoviruses, that the g and f proteins would be required for the first two steps of viral entry, attachment and fusion. however, following repeated passage in cell culture, a viable mutant rsv that lacked both the g and sh genes was isolated (r. a. karron, d. a. buonagurio, a. f. ge ...200111435561
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