Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine by the cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test in donkeys (equus asinus) and alpacas (vicugna pacos). | the aim of the research was to evaluate two chemical tests for non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis from urine, the cuboni reaction and the barium chloride test, in donkeys (equus asinus) and alpacas (vicugna pacos). the research was carried out from april 2013 to september 2014. urine samples were collected on five private czech farms from 18 jennies and 12 alpaca females. urine was collected non-invasively into plastic cups fastened on a telescopic rod, at 6-9 week intervals. in total, 60 and 54 u ... | 2016 | 27760031 |
| short communication quick method for identifying horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) hybrids. | the domestication of the equus genus 5000-6000 years ago has influenced the history of human civilization. as soon as horse and donkey species had been domesticated, they were crossbred, producing humanity's first documented attempt at animal genome manipulation. since then, the mule (male donkey x female horse) and the reciprocal cross (the hinny, male horse x female donkey) have been the most common equine hybrids in the world. due to their hybrid vigor, mules and hinnies have been intensively ... | 2016 | 27706783 |
| neoplasia in 125 donkeys (equus asinus): literature review and a survey of five veterinary schools in the united states and canada. | a diagnosis of neoplasia was noted in 125 of 357 donkeys (35%) in our review of medical records from 5 veterinary schools in the united states and canada. equine sarcoid was the most common tumor in our study, accounting for 72% of all tumors and 82% of cutaneous tumors. soft-tissue sarcomas were the second most common skin tumors. all other types of neoplasia were rare. important differences in the occurrence of neoplasia in donkeys compared to horses included the rarity or absence of squamous ... | 2016 | 27698162 |
| flagellar antigen based ci-elisa for sero-surveillance of surra. | trypanosoma evansi causes a disease known as 'surra' in wide range of domesticated and wild animals including cattle, buffaloes, horses, camels etc. the disease is transmitted through the bites of haematophagous tabanid flies and is characterized by undulating fever, chronic progressive weakness, and hypoglycemia leading to low productivity in animals. in the present study, monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been produced (igg3 sub-type) against purified flagellar (fla) protein of t. evansi and i ... | 2016 | 26921034 |
| staphylococcus aureus in animals and food: methicillin resistance, prevalence and population structure. a review in the african continent. | the interest about staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) and methicillin resistant s. aureus (mrsa) in livestock, and domestic and wild animals has significantly increased. the spread of different clonal complexes related to livestock animals, mainly cc398, and the recent description of the new mecc gene, make it necessary to know more about the epidemiology and population structure of this microorganism all over the world. nowadays, there are several descriptions about the presence of s. aureus and ... | 2016 | 27681906 |
| dermatophytosis in donkeys (equus asinus) due to microsporum racemosum, an unusual geophilic agent. | reports about ringworm in donkeys are scanty and refer to zoonotic agents such as trichophyton mentagrophytes and trichophyton verrucosum. seventeen asino amiatina donkeys semi-extensively farmed in paddocks showed alopecic nummular, scaling areas mainly on head and neck. microsporum racemosum cultivated from the lesions was identified by morphology and pcr. affected animals healed spontaneously. the present record reports for the first time the occurrence of ringworm due to m. racemosum in natu ... | 2016 | 27453813 |
| amiata donkey milk chain: animal health evaluation and milk quality. | this study presents an investigation of amiata donkey health and quality of milk for human consumption. thirty-one lactating dairy jennies were examined. the following samples were collected: faecal samples from the rectum of animals for parasitological examination; cervical swabs for the detection of bacteria causing reproductive disorders; and blood samples for serological diagnosis of main zoonotic (brucella spp., leptospira spp.) and donkey abortion agents (brucella spp., leptospira spp., sa ... | 2016 | 27853717 |
| a pilot study on interaction between donkey tetherin and eiav stains with different virulent and replication characteristics. | tetherin (bst-2) is an important host restriction factor that can inhibit the release of a diverse array of enveloped viruses from infected cells. conversely, to facilitate their release and spread, many viruses have evolved various strategies to overcome the antiviral effect of tetherin in a species-specific manner. during the development of an attenuated equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) vaccine in our laboratory, we found that serial passage of a field-isolated virulent eiav strains in ho ... | 2016 | 27816678 |
| double-stranded-rna-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (adar1) is proposed to contribute to the adaptation of equine infectious anemia virus from horses to donkeys. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) is a member of the genus lentivirus of the family retroviridae. horses are the most susceptible equids to eiav infection and are therefore the primary hosts of this virus. in contrast, infected donkeys do not develop clinically active equine infectious anemia (eia). this phenomenon is similar to what has been observed with hiv-1, which fails to induce aids in non-human primates. interestingly, shen et al. developed a donkey-tropic pathogenic virus strain (ei ... | 2016 | 27383210 |
| spatial distribution, risk factors and haemato-biochemical alterations associated with theileria equi infected equids of punjab (india) diagnosed by indirect elisa and nested pcr. | equine piroplasmosis is a febrile, tick-borne disease of equids predominately caused by obligatory intra-erythrocytic protozoa theileria equi in the indian sub-continent. a cross-sectional study was carried out on 464 equids (426 horses and 38 donkeys/mules) in punjab, india to assess the level of exposure to equine piroplasmosis by 18s rrna gene nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) and equine merozoite antigen-2 (ema2) indirect-elisa (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), to investigate risk f ... | 2016 | 26747007 |
| risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus) in northeastern nigeria. | aim. this survey study was conducted from april 2014 through march 2015 in bauchi, yobe, and gombe states, northeastern nigeria, to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthosis among indigenous donkeys (equus asinus). materials and methods. a total of six hundred fresh faecal samples were randomly collected from indigenous donkeys of varying age, sex, and settlements. simple flotation and sedimentation techniques were used for the detection of helminth ... | 2016 | 27366344 |
| free maillard reaction products in milk reflect nutritional intake of glycated proteins and can be used to distinguish "organic" and "conventionally" produced milk. | using lc-ms/ms and isotopically labeled standard substances, quantitation of free maillard reaction products (mrps), namely, n(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (cml), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1h-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (pyrraline, pyr), n(δ)-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (mg-h), and n(ε)-fructosyllysine (fl), in bovine milk was achieved. considerable variations in the amounts of the individual mrps were found, most likely as a consequence of the nutritional uptake of glycated proteins. when com ... | 2016 | 27213835 |
| prevalence of antibodies against neospora spp. and sarcocystis neurona in donkeys from northeastern brazil. | sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi are coccidian protozoa that can cause neurological illness in horses in america. in this study we report seroprevalence of neospora spp. ands. neurona in sera of 333 donkeys from the northeastern region of brazil. antibodies to neospora spp. were detected in 2% (7 donkeys) of 333 sera tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) with a cut-off dilution of 1:40. antibodies to s. neurona were found in 3% (10 donkeys) of the samples tested by ifat ... | 2016 | 26982557 |
| serological survey of west nile virus in domestic animals from northwest senegal. | in africa, infection with west nile virus (wnv) is frequent but almost always asymptomatic in humans and equids. the aim of this study was to identify whether any other domestic animal living in the same enzootic locality may be the sentinel of wnv circulation. in northwest senegal, blood samples were collected from 283 adult domestic animals (136 sheep, 64 horses, 29 donkeys, 29 goats, 14 cattle, and 11 dogs), in three localities near keur momar sarr. each serum was tested for wnv immunoglobuli ... | 2016 | 27002305 |
| detection of leishmania dna and blood meal sources in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in western of spain: update on distribution and risk factors associated. | leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is present in mediterranean countries, with high prevalence in areas of the center and south of spain. however, in some regions such as extremadura (in southwest of spain), data has not been updated since 1997. the aim of this work was (i) to provide information about the distribution of phlebotomine sand fly species in western of spain (extremadura region), (ii) to determine risk factors for the presence of sand fly vectors and (iii) to detect leishma ... | 2016 | 27720626 |
| reproductive failures associated with trypanosoma (duttonella) vivax. | trypanosomosis is a disease of a high economic impact in different productive livestock systems, especially in africa and south america; cattle, sheep, goats, horses and donkeys can be prone to infection. trypanosoma vivax is a blood parasite normally associated with a case of anemia and persistent febrile status, which causes a reduction in production, weakness of affected animals and occasionally death. however, the reproductive disorders which include abortion, disruption of the estrous cycle ... | 2016 | 27809979 |
| allergenicity of milk of different animal species in relation to human milk. | protein content in cow milk (with over 20 proteins, and peptides may also occur as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis) ranges from 2.5% to 4.2% and is about 1.5-2 times higher than in human milk. its most important allergens are considered to be β-lactoglobulin (absent in human milk) and αs1-casein. the most similar in composition to human milk is horse and donkey milk. it contains considerably more whey proteins (35-50%) than cow milk (about 20%), and the concentration of the most allergenic case ... | 2016 | 28100852 |
| a survey on the prevalence of strongyles species in working donkeys in north-west of iran. | faecal samples for detection of gastrointestinal parasites were collected from 60 donkeys from 6 villages in marand, north-west of iran. faecal samples of 2 donkeys (3.33 %) were negative for parasite eggs. 48 positive donkeys (81.66 %) were infected with a single parasite type, 9 (15.51 %) and 1 (1.66 %) of donkeys had multiple infections with two and three parasites, respectively. the highest prevalence and intensity rate belonged to small strongyles. the overall prevalence of intestinal paras ... | 2016 | 27876916 |
| site-specific glycosylation of donkey milk lactoferrin investigated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. | a comprehensive monosaccharide composition of the n-glycans of donkey milk lactoferrin, isolated by ion exchange chromatography from an individual milk sample, was obtained by means of chymotryptic digestion, tio2 and hilic enrichment, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray mass spectrometry, and high collision dissociation fragmentation. the results obtained allowed identifying 26 different glycan structures, including high mannose, complex and hybrid n-glycans, lin ... | 2016 | 27550041 |
| cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (equus asinus) in brazil. | our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects pcr of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (equus asinus) from brazil. during a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. on cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cav ... | 2016 | 27271986 |
| is leptospira able to survive in raw milk? study on the inactivation at different storage times and temperatures. | the consumption of raw milk is currently increasing due to several beneficial aspects, such as nutritional qualities, taste, and health benefits. however, some authors highlight the potential risk associated with raw milk consumption. in italy, while the absence of some pathogen microorganisms is set by the regional regulation dgr 381/2007, for other microorganisms, such as leptospira, no recommendations are provided. leptospira is not ascribed among classical milk pathogens; however, it can pot ... | 2016 | 26888018 |
| isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from donkey milk. | during the last years the interest in donkey milk has increased significantly mainly because of its compelling functional elements. even if the composition and nutritional properties of donkey milk are known, its microbiota is less studied. this research communication aimed to provide a comprehensive characterisation of the lactic acid bacteria in raw donkey milk. rapd-pcr assay combined with 16s rdna sequencing analysis were used to describe the microbial diversity of several donkey farms in th ... | 2016 | 27600975 |
| common occurrence of cryptosporidium hominis in horses and donkeys. | extensive genetic variation is observed within the genus cryptosporidium and the distribution of cryptosporidium species/genotypes in humans and animals appears to vary by geography and host species. to better understand the genetic diversity of cryptosporidium spp. in horses and donkeys, we characterized five horse-derived and 82 donkey-derived cryptosporidium isolates from five provinces or autonomous regions (sichuan, gansu, henan, inner mongolia and shandong) in china at the species/genotype ... | 2016 | 27264727 |
| glanders and the risk for its introduction through the international movement of horses. | glanders is the contagious zoonotic disease caused by infection with burkholderia mallei. it affects primarily horses, donkeys and mules. the disease was eradicated from large areas of the western world in the early 20th century, but, over the last 10-20 years, has emerged and re-emerged in areas in which it was previously unknown or had been eradicated. although glanders was previously thought to manifest in only acute or chronic presentations, it now appears that b. mallei can produce latent i ... | 2016 | 27288893 |
| prevalence and pathogenesis of some filarial nematodes infecting donkeys in egypt. | the primary objective of the present study is to determine the commonness of filarial parasites in donkeys in egypt, identification of the filarial species tainting them and the delivered pathogenic impact connected with the infestation. | 2016 | 27651679 |
| livestock rabies outbreaks in shanxi province, china. | dogs play an important role in rabies transmission throughout the world. in addition to the severe human rabies situation in china, spillover of rabies virus from dogs in recent years has caused rabies outbreaks in sheep, cattle and pigs, showing that there is an increasing threat to other domestic animals. two livestock rabies outbreaks were caused by dogs in shanxi province, china from april to october in 2015, resulting in the deaths of 60 sheep, 10 cattle and one donkey. brain samples from o ... | 2016 | 27422397 |
| the role of wild ruminants as reservoirs of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, a parasitic disease caused by besnoitia besnoiti, has been reported mainly in beef cattle raised under extensive pastoral systems and is considered to be re-emerging in western europe. horizontal transmission probably occurs either by means of blood sucking arthropods or as a consequence of direct contact between infected and non-infected cattle. however, the role that wild ruminants (e.g., red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus)) may play in the parasit ... | 2016 | 27198769 |
| shelf life of donkey milk subjected to different treatment and storage conditions. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different treatment conditions on microbiological indicators of donkey milk hygiene and their evolution during shelf life at 4 and 12°c from 3 to 30d, simulating a farm-scale pasteurization and packing system. four treatment conditions were tested: no treatment (raw milk), pasteurization (65°c × 30 min), high-pressure processing (hpp), and pasteurization plus hpp. the microbiological quality of the raw donkey milk investigated was not optim ... | 2016 | 26995124 |
| in this issue - october 2016: horse transportation in australia · osteopetrosis in a neonatal donkey · bovine ephemeral fever virus-infected downer cattle · antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli in finisher pigs · stabilisation of periarticular fractures using a notched head locking t-plate · measuring blood coagulation in bennett's wallabies · vaccine against salmonella typhimurium in laying hens. | 2016 | 27671076 | |
| epidemiologic analysis of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys in northern italy. | equine sarcoids develop upon bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2 (bpv1, bpv2) infection in conjunction with trauma and represent the most common tumour disease in horses and other equids, including donkeys. in face of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys and mules at the 'rifugio degli asinelli', a subsidiary charity organization of the donkey sanctuary, non-invasively collected sample material including crusts, dandruff, swabs and hair roots was collected from sarcoid-affected and 26 he ... | 2016 | 27939161 |
| theileria equi and babesia caballi infection of equids in punjab, india: a serological and molecular survey. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in submountain undulating, undulating plain, western and western plain agro-climatic zones of punjab province, india, to determine the prevalence, agreement between diagnostic tests and associated related risk factors of theileria equi and babesia caballi infection in equids (horses, donkey, mules). an overall prevalence of 14.14 and 0.0% of t. equi and b. caballi was recorded by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) for both ... | 2016 | 26387094 |
| a survey of seasonal gastrointestinal parasitic infections in donkeys from a semiarid sub-saharan region, sudan. | out of 92 donkeys examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 90 animals were found infected by one or more gastrointestinal parasites with an overall prevalence rate of 97.78%. the distributions of the recovered parasites in the different parts of the body were as follows: stomach, 92.4%, small intestine, 19.6%, caecum, 88%, colon, 80.4%, rectum, 73.9%, and cranial mesenteric artery, 64.1%. a significant difference was found between mean parasite counts and seasons. hot wet season had higher mean ... | 2016 | 27298739 |
| extreme wildlife declines and concurrent increase in livestock numbers in kenya: what are the causes? | there is growing evidence of escalating wildlife losses worldwide. extreme wildlife losses have recently been documented for large parts of africa, including western, central and eastern africa. here, we report extreme declines in wildlife and contemporaneous increase in livestock numbers in kenya rangelands between 1977 and 2016. our analysis uses systematic aerial monitoring survey data collected in rangelands that collectively cover 88% of kenya's land surface. our results show that wildlife ... | 2016 | 27676077 |
| both tumour cells and infiltrating t-cells in equine sarcoids express foxp3 associated with an immune-supressed cytokine microenvironment. | bovine papillomavirus (bpv) infections of equine species have a central role in the aetiology of equine sarcoids; a common benign skin tumour of horses, zebras and donkeys. within the lesions, all of the early papillomavirus genes are expressed and promote the excessive replication of fibroblasts which characterise these tumours. equine sarcoids differ from bpv induced fibro-papillomas of cattle (the natural host of bpv), in that they do not produce high amounts of virus particles, do not usuall ... | 2016 | 27160146 |
| cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae): molecular and biological evidence of cryptic species within gastric cryptosporidium of mammals. | the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium muris strain ts03 are described, and the species name cryptosporidium proliferans n. sp. is proposed. cryptosporidium proliferans obtained from a naturally infected east african mole rat (tachyoryctes splendens) in kenya was propagated under laboratory conditions in rodents (scid mice and southern multimammate mice, mastomys coucha) and used in experiments to examine oocyst morphology and transmission. dna from the p ... | 2016 | 26771460 |
| erythrocyte glutathione transferase: a general probe for chemical contaminations in mammals. | glutathione transferases (gsts) are enzymes devoted to the protection of cells against many different toxins. in erythrocytes, the isoenzyme (e-gst) mainly present is gstp1-1, which is overexpressed in humans in case of increased blood toxicity, as it occurs in nephrophatic patients or in healthy subjects living in polluted areas. the present study explores the possibility that e-gst may be used as an innovative and highly sensitive biomarker of blood toxicity also for other mammals. all distinc ... | 2016 | 27551520 |
| assessment of theileria equi and babesia caballi infections in equine populations in egypt by molecular, serological and hematological approaches. | equine piroplasmosis (ep) caused by theileria equi, babesia caballi, or both, contributes to significant economic loss in the equine industry and remains uncontrolled in egypt. this study focuses on surveying t. equi and b. caballi infections and hematological disorders in equine populations in egypt. | 2016 | 27146413 |
| venezuelan equine encephalitis virus induces apoptosis through the unfolded protein response activation of egr1. | venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) is a previously weaponized arthropod-borne virus responsible for causing acute and fatal encephalitis in animal and human hosts. the increased circulation and spread in the americas of veev and other encephalitic arboviruses, such as eastern equine encephalitis virus and west nile virus, underscore the need for research aimed at characterizing the pathogenesis of viral encephalomyelitis for the development of novel medical countermeasures. the host-pat ... | 2016 | 26792742 |
| bells, bomas and beefsteak: complex patterns of human-predator conflict at the wildlife-agropastoral interface in zimbabwe. | reports of livestock depredation by large predators were systematically collected at three study sites in northwestern zimbabwe from 2008-2013. we recorded 1,527 incidents (2,039 animals killed and 306 injured). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) were mostly responsible, and cattle and donkeys most frequently attacked. patterns of predation were variable among study sites. nevertheless, some overall patterns were apparent. predators selected livestock close to the size of ... | 2017 | 28149682 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. l. ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys. | the aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in south africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria. ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in limpopo province, 2 in gauteng province and 1 in north we ... | 2017 | 28281774 |
| hygienic characteristics and microbiological hazard identification in horse and donkey raw milk. | today the interest toward horse (equus caballus) and donkey (equus asinus) milk for human consumption is receiving a renewed attention because of its particular composition, hypoallergenicity, and nutraceutical properties. the realistic perspective of global use of this aliment in balanced diets, especially for infancy and geriatrics, poses the need for a more in depth knowledge on milk hygiene and on the health status of dairy animals, as a prerequisite of consumers' safety. the aim of this pap ... | 2017 | 27033528 |
| detection of equine herpesvirus (ehv) -1, -2, -4 and -5 in ethiopian equids with and without respiratory problems and genetic characterization of ehv-2 and ehv-5 strains. | infections with equine herpesviruses (ehvs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. whereas both ehv-1 and ehv-4 produce well-documented respiratory syndromes in equids, the contribution of ehv-2 and ehv-5 to disease of the respiratory tract is still enigmatic. this study describes the detection and genetic characterization of ehvs from equids with and without clinical respiratory disease. virus-specific pcrs were used to detect ehv-1, -2, -4 and -5. from the total of 160 equids with res ... | 2017 | 28102009 |
| equine herpesvirus-1 myeloencephalopathy, an emerging threat of working equids in ethiopia. | although equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (ehm) is a sporadic and relatively uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), it has the potential for causing devastating outbreaks in horses. up till now, there were no reported ehm outbreaks in donkeys and mules. this study describes the isolation and molecular characterization of ehv-1 from clinically ehm-affected horses (n = 6), mules (n = 3) and donkeys (n = 82) in ethiopia during outbreaks from may 2011 to december 2013. the inc ... | 2017 | 26010868 |
| antimicrobial-resistant escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. isolated from miranda donkey (equus asinus): an old problem from a new source with a different approach. | the miranda donkey (equus asinus) is an endangeredasinine from miranda do douro region, located in the north east of portugal. we studied the antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. isolates from these animals. | 2017 | 28260587 |
| reprint of "echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) from the critically endangered antelope addax nasomaculatus in tunisia". | echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a zoonotic disease highly endemic in tunisia. canids including stray and semi-stray dogs, jackals and foxes are known as definitive hosts and a wide range of ungulates have been shown to harbour the metacestode hydatid stage and may serve as intermediate hosts. fertile hydatid cysts of echinococcus equinus and e. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) were recently molecularly identified for the first time from tunisian donkeys. e. granulosus (s.s.) was also ... | 2017 | 27887695 |
| antimicrobial resistant escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. isolated from miranda donkey (equus asinus): an old problem from a new source with a different approach. | the miranda donkey (equus asinus) is an endangered asinine from miranda do douro region, located in north east of portugal. we study the antimicrobial resistance (amr) and virulence genes in escherichia coli and enterococcus spp. isolates from these animals. in march 2014, a total of 66 faecal samples were recovered from independent animals. antibiotic resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method. carriage of genes codifying for antibiotic resistant and virulent factors was analyzed by ... | 2017 | 28056219 |
| african horse sickness virus: history, transmission, and current status. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is a lethal arbovirus of equids that is transmitted between hosts primarily by biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae). ahsv affects draft, thoroughbred, and companion horses and donkeys in africa, asia, and europe. in this review, we examine the impact of ahsv critically and discuss entomological studies that have been conducted to improve understanding of its epidemiology and control. the transmission of ahsv remains a major research ... | 2017 | 28141961 |
| steroid biomarkers revisited - improved source identification of faecal remains in archaeological soil material. | steroids are used as faecal markers in environmental and in archaeological studies, because they provide insights into ancient agricultural practices and the former presence of animals. up to now, steroid analyses could only identify and distinguish between herbivore, pig, and human faecal matter and their residues in soils and sediments. we hypothesized that a finer differentiation between faeces of different livestock animals could be achieved when the analyses of several steroids is combined ... | 2017 | 28060808 |
| seroprevalence of west nile virus antibodies in equids in the north-east of algeria and detection of virus circulation in 2014. | west nile fever (wnf) is a viral disease of wild birds transmitted by mosquitoes. humans and equids can also be affected and suffer from meningoencephalitis. in algeria, since the 1994 epidemic, no data on wnv circulation was available until 2012. in september 2012, a fatal human case of wnv neuro-invasive infection occurred in jijel province. this study describes the first seroprevalence study of west nile virus (wnv) antibodies conducted in the equine population in algeria. during 2014, serum ... | 2017 | 28131384 |
| a brief and critical review on hydrofluorosis in diverse species of domestic animals in india. | india is one of the fluoride-endemic countries where the maximum numbers of ground or drinking water sources are naturally fluoridated. in india, a total of 23, out of 36 states and union territories have drinking water contaminated with fluoride in varying concentration. in the present scenario, especially in rural india, besides the surface waters (perennial ponds, dams, rivers, etc.), bore wells and hand pumps are the principal drinking water sources for domestic animals such as cattle (bos t ... | 2017 | 28144801 |
| the presence of giardia intestinalis in donkeys, equus asinus, in china. | giardia intestinalis is one of the most important zoonotic enteric parasites. as no information regarding prevalence and genotype of g. intestinalis in donkeys (equus asinus) in china is available, 181 faecal samples from 48 donkeys from jilin province, from 104 from shandong province and from 29 from liaoning province were examined between may and december 2015. | 2017 | 28049541 |
| real-time pcr identification of six malassezia species. | lipophilic yeast malassezia species is widely found on the skin surface of humans and other animals. this fungus can cause pityriasis versicolor, malassezia folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis. still now, there is a problem with species identification of malassezia with conventional methods. we developed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay with multiple hybridization probes for detecting m. globosa, m. furfur, m. restricta, m. sympodialis, m. slooffiae, and m. pachydermatis. th ... | 2017 | 28332161 |
| differential infection patterns and recent evolutionary origins of equine hepaciviruses in donkeys. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a major human pathogen. genetically related viruses in animals suggest a zoonotic origin of hcv. the closest relative of hcv is found in horses (termed equine hepacivirus [eqhv]). however, low eqhv genetic diversity implies relatively recent acquisition of eqhv by horses, making a derivation of hcv from eqhv unlikely. to unravel the eqhv evolutionary history within equid sister species, we analyzed 829 donkeys and 53 mules sampled in nine european, asian, african, ... | 2017 | 27795428 |
| an inhibition enzyme immuno assay exploring recombinant invariant surface glycoprotein and monoclonal antibodies for surveillance of surra in animals. | the present study is aimed at the development of inhibition elisa (i-elisa) exploring monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and recombinant invariant surface glycoprotein. the extracellular domain (ed) of invariant surface glycoprotein (isg-75) from trypanosoma evasni has been heterologously expressed in pichia pastoris (x-33). the recombinant isg-75 (risg-75ed) was characterized by immunoblot and elisa, followed by the production of mabs against risg-75ed. the mabs were characterized by immunoblot and t ... | 2017 | 28233669 |
| morphological and molecular identification of habronema spp. (nematoda: habronematidae) from donkeys in xinjiang, china, and notes on the taxonomical status of habronema majus (creplin, 1849) and h. microstoma (schneider, 1866). | habronematid nematodes were collected from the stomachs of donkeys, equus asinus l., in the tarim basin, xinjiang, china. after examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, habronema muscae (carter, 1861) and h. majus (creplin, 1849) were identified. the morphology of our specimens representing h. muscae (carter, 1861) agreed well with previous redescriptions in the shape of the lateral lips, origin of the lateral alae, ratio of left and right spicules, and number and arrangement of ca ... | 2017 | 28337680 |
| blood serum retinol levels in asinara white donkeys reflect albinism-induced metabolic adaptation to photoperiod at mediterranean latitudes. | previous works on albinism form of asinara white donkeys (equus asinus) identified the mutation leading to the peculiar phenotype spread to all specimens of the breed. inbreeding naturally occurred under geographic isolation, on asinara island, in the mediterranean sea. albino individuals can be more susceptible to develop health problems when exposed to natural sun radiation. alternative metabolic pathways involved in photoprotection were explored in this trial. nutrition-related metabolites ar ... | 2017 | 28070301 |
| first case of sterility associated with sex chromosomal abnormalities in a jenny. | chromosomal abnormalities are one of the main causes of genetic infertility in horses. currently, their detection rate is rising due to the use of new diagnostic tools employing molecular markers linked to the sex chromosome pair. despite genetic similarities, there are no previous reports of sterility associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the domestic donkey (equus asinus). hereby, we determined the presence of a chromosomal mosaicism in a female donkey with reproductive problems using m ... | 2017 | 27905141 |
| effect of parity, milking time and stage of lactation on milk yield of jiangyue donkey (equus asinus) in north west china. | the study reported in this research communication was carried out to examine how parity and milking time affected donkey milk yield under a typical chinese production system. eighteen jiangyue breed donkeys with good health condition, aged between 6 and 9 years, and with parities 3 and 4, were selected. milk production was measured commencing from the fourth week post-foaling, with a total data collection of 170 d in milk (lactation length). mean milk yield of the donkeys used in this study was ... | 2017 | 28252356 |
| detection of vaccinia virus during an outbreak of exanthemous oral lesions in brazilian equids. | in august 2014, an outbreak of oral exanthematous disease in equids was reported in brazil, affecting 11 donkeys and 3 mules. | 2017 | 26875684 |
| simultaneous quantitation of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in milk by a novel enzyme-coupled assay. | nicotinamide riboside, the most recently discovered form of vitamin b3, and its phosphorylated form nicotinamide mononucleotide, have been shown to be potent supplements boosting intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad) levels, thus preventing or ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial diseases in mouse models. here we report for the first time on the simultaneous quantitation of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nad in milk by means of a fluorometric, enzyme-c ... | 2017 | 27979136 |
| total and free iodothyronine changes in response to transport of equidae (equus asinus and equus caballus). | in this study the effects of short distance road transport on total and free iodothyronine changes in 12 stallions (equus asinus and equus caballus) were evaluated. donkeys (n = 6) and horses (n = 6) were transported for a distance of 50 km. blood samples were collected 1 week before transport in basal conditions, 1 week later immediately before loading, and after transport and unloading. after transport, donkeys showed significant increases in circulating t4 (p≤0.01), ft3 (p≤0.001), and ft4 (p≤ ... | 2017 | 28365926 |
| intra and inter species genetic variability of transferrin receptor gene regions in trypanosoma evansi isolates of different livestock and geographical regions of india. | trypanosoma evansi, the aetiological agent of surra affects a wide range of livestock and wild animals in india. in the present study, we studied intra- and inter species genetic variability in the transferrin receptor encoding gene regions (esag6/7 gene region) of t. evansi isolates by cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic study collected from camel, cattle, donkeys and ponies from north-western and central india. the nucleotide sequence variation of esag6/7 gene region between indian t. evansi ... | 2017 | 28030339 |
| molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer 1 (its 1) region of different trypanosoma evansi isolates of india. | six trypanosoma evansi isolates collected from ponies (ph1 and pk6), camel (cb2), donkeys (dj3 and dh4) and cattle (ck5) from haryana, rajasthan, uttar pradesh and gujarat states of india were used for molecular characterization of internal transcribed spacer 1 (its 1). the dna was isolated from purified trypanosomes of these six isolates after propagation in mice model. its1-pcr of purified parasite dna yielded an amplification product approximately 540 bp in size. nucleotide sequence of its1 g ... | 2017 | 28615873 |
| substance p in dorsal root ganglion neurons in young and adult rats, after nociceptive stimulation during the neonatal period. | the nervous system is highly plastic during the neonatal period, being sensitive to noxious stimuli, which may cause short- and long-term pain responsivity changes. understanding plasticity in peripheral pain pathways is crucial, particularly when the nervous system is still under development and remodeling process. substance p (sp) is widely used as a marker for peripheral neurons with unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers. we investigated the number of sp immunoreactive neurons in the dorsa ... | 2017 | 29244245 |
| genetic diversity of piroplasmids species in equids from island of são luís, northeastern brazil. | equine piroplasmosisis, a tick-borne disease caused by the intra-erythrocytic protozoans babesia caballi and theileria equi, has economic importance due to the international trade and the increased movement of horses all over the world. the goal of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of phylogenetic diversity of t. equi and b. caballi genotypes among infected equids from são luís island, state of maranhão, northeastern brazil. between december of 2011 and june of 2012, edta-blood and serum ... | 2017 | 28977247 |
| bartonella infection in asymptomatic horses and donkeys from tuscany, central italy. | to investigate the occurrence of bartonella sp. infection in asymptomatic horses and donkeys living in tuscany, central italy. | 2017 | 29203105 |
| technological aspects of horse meat products - a review. | horse meat and its products can be considered as a food with a high nutritional value. however, due to cases of economically motivated food adulteration by the intentional addition of horse meat beef products in recent years, horse meat has become a controversial issue. consumer confidence in meat products and the meat industry has diminished, although consumers consider the differences between the food content and the label as the major issue rather than the safety and nutritional characteristi ... | 2017 | 29195938 |
| biochemical analysis of some serum trace elements in donkeys and horses in eastern region of kingdom of saudi arabia. | little is known about the serum levels of trace elements in donkeys and horses in saudi arabia. this study aimed to investigate the levels of some trace elements in these two species in the eastern region of saudi arabia and to compare the obtained results with the reference values. | 2017 | 29184375 |
| exploring animal models that resemble idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | large multicenter clinical trials have led to two recently approved drugs for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf); yet, both of these therapies only slow disease progression and do not provide a definitive cure. traditionally, preclinical trials have utilized mouse models of bleomycin (blm)-induced pulmonary fibrosis-though several limitations prevent direct translation to human ipf. spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis occurs in other animal species, including dogs, horses, donkeys, and ... | 2017 | 28804709 |
| sequencing and sequence analysis of partial nucleoprotein (n) gene and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus field isolates from gujarat state, india. | the present study was undertaken with an aim of characterization of rabies virus (genus lyssavirus of the family rhabdoviridae under the order mononegavirales) by sequencing of partial nucleoprotein (n) gene of rabies virus and phylogenetic analysis to know the genotype and lineage of rabies virus present in gujarat state of india. a total of 32 samples (18 brain samples and 14 saliva samples) were aseptically collected from live and dead animals (viz. dog, buffalo, cow, goat, donkey and hyena) ... | 2017 | 29291220 |
| survey on basal blood plasma catecholamine concentrations in martina franca donkey (equus asinus). | catecholamines are among the most frequently investigated parameters for studying sympathoadrenal activity in response to stress conditions. | 2017 | 29265484 |
| owner reported diseases of working equids in central ethiopia. | working horses, donkeys and mules suffer from numerous diseases and clinical problems. however, there is little information on what owners perceive as important health concerns in their working animals. | 2017 | 27565130 |
| detection of west nile virus and other common equine viruses in three locations from the leeward islands, west indies. | equines in the west indies are used for recreational purposes, tourism industry, racing and agriculture or can be found in feral populations. little is known in the caribbean basin about the prevalence of some major equine infectious diseases, some with zoonotic potential, listed as reportable by the oie. our objective was to study the prevalence of antibodies for west nile virus (wnv), equine herpes virus-1 and 4 (ehv-1 and ehv-4), equine influenza (ei), equine viral arteritis (eva) and equine ... | 2017 | 28648789 |
| lactobacillus plantarum and streptococcus thermophilus as starter cultures for a donkey milk fermented beverage. | donkey milk is recently gaining attention due to its nutraceutical properties. its low casein content does not allow caseification, so the production of a fermented milk would represent an alternative way to increase donkey milk shelf life. the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of employing selected streptococcus thermophilus and lactobacillus plantarum isolates for the production of a novel donkey milk fermented beverage. lysozyme resistance and the ability to acidify donkey ... | 2017 | 28599175 |
| molecular confirmation of sarcocystis fayeri in a donkey. | sarcocystis fayeri is a canine protozoan parasite with an equine intermediate host. historically classified as an incidental pathogen, recent literature has described the toxic effects of sarcocystis fayeri in human food poisoning, and highlighted potential involvement in equine neuromuscular disease. until now, horses were believed to be the exclusive intermediate host. this study reports the first molecular confirmation of s. fayeri in a donkey, and gives rise to the consideration of donkeys b ... | 2017 | 28576341 |
| prevalence and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in donkeys in northeastern china. | toxolasma gondii is one of the most important obligate intracellular protozoan parasites. recently, toxoplasmosis is of increasing concerns because t. gondii not only has a worldwide distribution but also can infect virtually all warm-blooded hosts including donkeys. however, limited information is available concerning the genetic characterization of t. gondii in donkeys in northeastern china. in this study, a total of 302 brain tissue samples collected from donkeys from jilin (n=108) and liaoni ... | 2017 | 28807857 |
| first record of anopheles stephensi in sri lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction. | the major malaria vector in sri lanka is reported to be anopheles culicifacies with anopheles subpictus, anopheles annularis, and anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. the occurrence of anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in india and the middle east, had never been reported from sri lanka. | 2017 | 28797253 |
| equine colic: clinical epidemiology and associated risk factors in and around debre zeit. | a prospective study was conducted to describe clinical epidemiology of equine colic in the society for protection of animal abroad and donkey sanctuary project clinic, at debre zeit, ethiopia, from november 2014 to april 2015. the objectives were to describe clinical epidemiology of equine colic, to characterize the main types of equine colic, and to determine the major risk factors associated with equine colic. the method which was used in the study was attending clinical case of equine and ass ... | 2017 | 28401328 |
| detomidine and butorphanol for standing sedation in a range of zoo-kept ungulate species. | general anesthesia poses risks for larger zoo species, like cardiorespiratory depression, myopathy, and hyperthermia. in ruminants, ruminal bloat and regurgitation of rumen contents with potential aspiration pneumonia are added risks. thus, the use of sedation to perform minor procedures is justified in zoo animals. a combination of detomidine and butorphanol has been routinely used in domestic animals. this drug combination, administered by remote intramuscular injection, can also be applied fo ... | 2017 | 28920785 |
| the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of african horse sickness and equine encephalosis in selected horse and donkey populations in zimbabwe. | sentinel herds and samples submitted by private equine practitioners were used to determine the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev) in horse and donkey populations in the highveld region of zimbabwe. the sero-prevalence and sero-incidence of antibodies against these viruses were determined using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of serum antibodies. in donkeys, the median sero-prev ... | 2017 | 28582979 |
| occurrence of enterocytozoon bieneusi in donkeys (equus asinus) in china: a public health concern. | enterocytozoon bieneusi is an important zoonotic parasite. it can infect virtually all animal species and has a global distribution. however, the prevalence of e. bieneusi in donkeys (equus asinus) has only been reported in algeria and spain, and no information is available concerning genotypes of e. bieneusi in donkeys worldwide. in the present study, a total of 301 donkey fecal samples (48 from jilin province, 224 from shandong province and 29 from liaoning province) were collected and examine ... | 2017 | 28408904 |
| seroepidemiology of sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi infections in domestic donkeys (equus asinus) in durango, mexico. | there is currently no information regarding sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi infections in donkeys in mexico. here, we determined the presence of antibodies against s. neurona and n. hughesi in donkeys in the northern mexican state of durango. serum samples of 239 domestic donkeys (equus asinus) were assayed for s. neurona and n. hughesi antibodies using home-made enzyme-linked immunoassays; six (2.5%) of the 239 donkeys tested seropositive for s. neurona. the seroprevalence of s. neuron ... | 2017 | 28730993 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of neospora spp. and toxoplasma gondii infections among horses and donkeys in nigeria, west africa. | neospora spp. and toxoplasma gondii are considered to be a globally distributed parasites affecting wide range of warm-blooded animals. neosporosis has caused clinical illness in horses and consumption of horse meat has been epidemiologically linked to clinical toxoplasmosis in humans. this study was conducted to determine neospora spp. and t. gondii antibodies and risk factors of infection in horses and donkeys from three states of nigeria. a total of 144 samples were collected from clinically ... | 2017 | 28682771 |
| projections of nh3 emissions from manure generated by livestock production in china to 2030 under six mitigation scenarios. | china's rapid urbanization, large population, and increasing consumption of calorie-and meat-intensive diets, have resulted in china becoming the world's largest source of ammonia (nh3) emissions from livestock production. this is the first study to use provincial, condition-specific emission factors based on most recently available studies on chinese manure management and environmental conditions. the estimated nh3 emission temporal trends and spatial patterns are interpreted in relation to gov ... | 2017 | 28688258 |
| species-specific identification of collagen components in colla corii asini using a nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proteomics approach. | colla corii asini (cca) is a protein-based traditional chinese medicine made from donkey skins. because it has the ability to nourish blood, its demand is increasing rapidly. the shortage of donkey skins increases the risk of the adulteration of cca products with other animal skins. to ensure the drug efficacy and safety of cca products, a proteomics technique was applied to reveal proteins in the skins of donkey, horse, cattle, and pig. species-specific peptides for each animal species were pre ... | 2017 | 28670118 |
| molecular characterization and expression of the gdf9 gene in new zealand white rabbits. | growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) has been shown to be involved in regulating follicular development and reproduction in many mammalian species. however, related information about the effect of the gdf9 gene on reproductive traits of new zealand white rabbits was rarely reported. in this study, rabbits were distributed into two groups (poor and prolific offspring productions) and cloning and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) were employed to characterize the rabbit gdf9 gene. by cloning, 25 ... | 2017 | 28674231 |
| livestock and poultry density and childhood cancer incidence in nine states in the usa. | parental occupational and childhood exposures to farm animals have been positively associated with childhood brain tumors, whereas associations with childhood leukemia are equivocal. the developing immune system may be influenced by allergen, virus, or other exposures from animal sources, which may contribute to childhood cancer incidence. | 2017 | 28858758 |
| application of the hands-on donkey tool for assessing the welfare of working equids at tuliman, mexico. | equids are still used for diverse chores in mexico and are essential for the livelihoods of numerous families. appropriate health and behavior are prerequisites for performing work without affecting welfare. this study aimed to assess the welfare of working equids in tuliman, applying the hands-on donkey tool. this tool evaluates five dimensions (behavior, body condition score [bcs], wounds, lameness, and other health issues) and was applied to 438 working equids (horses, mules, and donkeys). th ... | 2017 | 28762781 |
| effect of kisspeptin-10, lh and hcg on serum testosterone concentrations in stallions, donkeys and mules. | this study was conducted to determine the response of serum testosterone (t) in male equines (stallions, donkeys and mules) after administering intravenous doses of kisspeptin-10 (kp-10), human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) and luteinizing hormone (lh) and saline as a control. the animals were divided into four groups of three each: group i, 3 ml of 0.95% saline; group ii, 50 μg kp-10; group iii, 2500 iu hcg and group iv, 400 μg lh. the administration of kp-10 and hcg to stallions resulted in a s ... | 2017 | 28753433 |
| identification of a new diagnostic antigen for glanders using immunoproteome analysis. | glanders is a disease of horses, donkeys and mules. the causative agent burkholderia mallei, is a biorisk group 3 pathogen and is also a biothreat agent. simple and rapid diagnostic tool is essential for control of glanders. using a proteomic approach and immunoblotting with equine sera, we identified 12 protein antigens that may have diagnostic potential. various immunoreactive proteins e.g. groel, translation elongation factor tu, elongation factor ts, arginine deiminase, malate dehydrogenase, ... | 2017 | 28750864 |
| pooling strategy and chromosome painting characterize a living zebroid for the first time. | we have investigated the complex karyotype of a living zebra-donkey hybrid for the first time using chromosome-specific painting probes produced from flow-sorted chromosomes from a zebra (equus burchelli) and horse (equus caballus). as the chromosomes proved difficult to distinguish from one another, a successful new strategy was devised to resolve the difficulty and characterize each chromosome. this was based on selecting five panels of whole chromosome painting probes that could differentiate ... | 2017 | 28700625 |
| the evolutionary history of the dmrt3 'gait keeper' haplotype. | a previous study revealed a strong association between the dmrt3:ser301stop mutation in horses and alternate gaits as well as performance in harness racing. several follow-up studies have confirmed a high frequency of the mutation in gaited horse breeds and an effect on gait quality. the aim of this study was to determine when and where the mutation arose, to identify additional potential causal mutations and to determine the coalescence time for contemporary haplotypes carrying the stop mutatio ... | 2017 | 28741731 |
| identification and genetic characterization of equine hepaciviruses in italy. | viruses similar to human hepatitis c virus, hepaciviruses, have been identified in various animal species. equine hepacivirus (eqhv) is the closest relative of human hepaciviruses. although detected worldwide, information on eqhv epidemiology, genetic diversity and pathogenicity is still limited. in this study we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of eqhv in italian equids. the rna of eqhv was detected in 91/1932 sera (4.7%) whilst it was not detectable in 134 donkey sera screened ... | 2017 | 28757030 |
| west nile virus: seroprevalence in animals in palestine and israel. | west nile virus (wnv) epidemiological situation in israel and palestine, due to their unique location, draws attention following to the global spread of west nile fever (wnf). although much information is available from israel on clinical cases and prevalence of wnv, clinical cases are rarely reported in palestine, and prevalence is not known. the objectives of this study were to determine wnv seroprevalence in various domestic animals in palestine and to reevaluate current seroprevalence, force ... | 2017 | 28628400 |
| a serosurvey of selected cystogenic coccidia in spanish equids: first detection of anti-besnoitia spp. specific antibodies in europe. | equine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia bennetti, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm), caused by sarcocystis neurona and neospora hughesi are relevant equine diseases in the americas that have been scarcely studied in europe. thus, a serosurvey of these cystogenic coccidia was carried out in southern spain. a cross-sectional study was performed and serum samples from horses (n = 553), donkeys (n = 85) and mules (n = 83) were included. an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elis ... | 2017 | 28490374 |
| study of antimicrobial resistance and physiological biomarkers with special reference to salmonellosis in diarrheic foals in punjab, pakistan. | antimicrobial resistance results in selective colonization in animals. in the present study, 447 diarrheic foals (235 horse foals, 165 donkey foals and 47 mule foal) were selected from lahore and sahiwal districts of punjab, pakistan. fresh fecal and blood samples from diarrheic foals were collected for isolation and confirmation of salmonella polymerase chain reaction. results revealed that 50 (11.25%) foals (horse n=29, donkey n=12 and mule n=9) were positive. fifty salmonella enterica isolate ... | 2017 | 28784420 |
| a molecular and haematological study of theileria equi in balkan donkeys. | equine piroplasmosis in donkeys has been recognised as a serious problem of major economic importance. the present molecular study is the first investigation of the presence of theileria equi and babesia caballi in balkan donkeys and of the possible haematological alterations related to it. a total of 70 apparently healthy donkeys from serbia were included in this study. the overall prevalence of t. equi infection in donkeys tested with multiplex pcr was 50%. there was no b. caballi-positive sam ... | 2017 | 28605963 |
| equine infectious anemia prevalence in feral donkeys from northeast brazil. | equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. although the virus infects all members of the equidae the vast majority of studies have been conducted in horses (equus caballus) with comparatively little information available for other equid species. brazil has one of the most abundant donkey (e. asinus) populations of any nation although the economic importance of these animals is declining as transportation becomes increasingly mecha ... | 2017 | 28460747 |
| placentation in the plains zebra (equus quagga). | the placenta and fetal gonads of 12 pregnant plains zebra (equus quagga), estimated to be between 81 and 239 days of gestation, were examined. the diffuse, microcotyledonary zebra placenta appeared, developmentally, to be 3-4 weeks behind its counterpart in horse pregnancy and this, together with the presence of small and long-lived endometrial cups, low levels of zebra chorionic gonadotrophin in maternal serum and few accessory corpora lutea in the maternal ovaries during the first half of gest ... | 2017 | 28356184 |
| mitochondrial dna genetic diversity in six italian donkey breeds (equus asinus). | donkeys have played an important role in agricultural land practices and in human historical periods of recent past and, still today, are used as a working power in several world areas. the objective of this study was to identify genetic variability in six italian donkey breeds using mtdna d-loop. fifteen haplotypes, grouped in three haplogroups, were identified. the genetic indices were informative and showed a high population genetic variability. the results of amova analyses based on geograph ... | 2017 | 28278690 |