Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| evaluation of self-collected samples in contrast to practitioner-collected samples for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction among women living in remote areas. | self-collected samples have been shown to be an acceptable and sensitive method for the detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of sexually transmitted infections (stis) among women. goal the goal of the study was to compare self-collected sampling methods to conventional practitioner endocervical sampling for the pcr detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae to compare two self-collected sampling methods for the detection of t vaginalis by pcr. | 2002 | 12438900 |
| sexual intercourse association with asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas vaginalis treatment in relationship to preterm birth. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether sexual intercourse was associated with the treatment efficacy or the incidence of preterm birth in two large randomized trials in which metronidazole treatment of bacterial vaginosis or trichomonas vaginalis did not reduce preterm birth. | 2002 | 12439520 |
| an ectonucleotide atp-diphosphohydrolase activity in trichomonas vaginalis stimulated by galactose and its possible role in virulence. | this work describes the ability of living trichomonas vaginalis to hydrolyze extracellular atp (164.0 +/- 13.9 nmol pi/h x 10(7) cells). this ecto-enzyme was stimulated by zncl2, cacl2 and mgcl2, was insensitive to several atpase and phosphatase inhibitors and was able to hydrolyze several nucleotides besides atp. the activity was linear with cell density and with time for at least 60 min. the optimum ph for the t. vaginalis ecto-atpase lies in the alkaline range. d-galactose, known to be involv ... | 2002 | 12440729 |
| visualization of new virus-like-particles in trichomonas vaginalis. | in the present work, we demonstrate virus-like particles (vlps) with various morphological variations in trichomonas vaginalis. the vlps were distinct based on size, shape and electron density, with vlps being either electron-dense or electron-lucent. we used electron microscopy thin sections of several t. vaginalis strains virus-infected, and also negative staining of fractions obtained after purification by cscl buoyant density gradient centrifugation. the particles observed in fractions are i ... | 2002 | 12441093 |
| clinical effects of nifuratel in vulvovaginal infections. a meta-analysis of metronidazole-controlled trials. | nifuratel (cas 4936-47-4) displays a strong antiprotozoarian and antibacterial activity and is provided with certain fungicidal effect, but it is not active against the physiologic flora. its therapeutic effectiveness has been evaluated in more than 12,000 patients. the wide clinical experience with nifuratel confirms that the drug is safe and effective for the treatment of trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, candidosis, and, particularly, in patients suffering from mixed vaginal infection. a m ... | 2002 | 12442634 |
| antitrichomonal strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | parasporal inclusion proteins from a total of 816 bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated in japan were examined for antitrichomonal activity against trichomonas vaginalis. ten strains of b. thuringiensis inhibited the growth of t. vaginalis in 48 h cultures at 37 degrees c. moreover, the b622 and b626 strains clearly showed trichomonacidal effects against t. vaginalis. the h antigen serotypes of both strains were identified as h13/29 (pakistani/amagiensis). the parasporal inclusion protein from ... | 2002 | 12444461 |
| evidence for lateral transfer of genes encoding ferredoxins, nitroreductases, nadh oxidase, and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 from anaerobic prokaryotes to giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica. | giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) in giardia organisms and amebae are hypothesized to be derived from either an ancient anaerobic eukaryote (amitochondriate fossil hypothesis), a mitochondrial endosymbiont (hydrogen hypothesis), or ana ... | 2002 | 12455953 |
| microbiology and management of polymicrobial female genital tract infections in adolescents. | this review describes the microbiology and management of female genital tract infections in adolescents. these infections include vulvovaginitis, vulvovaginal pyogenic infections (abscesses of bartholin's and skene's glands, infected labial inclusion cysts, labial abscesses, furunculosis, and hidradenitis), endometritis, pyometritis, salpingitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and tubo-ovarian and pelvic abscess. anaerobes can be cultured in 50% to 90% of females with a variety of genital infectio ... | 2002 | 12459228 |
| chronic prostatitis caused by trichomonas vaginalis--diagnosis and treatment. | 2002 | 12462437 | |
| high prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae and multiple sexually transmitted diseases among rural women in the eastern highlands province of papua new guinea, detected by polymerase chain reaction. | in a previous community-based study among rural women in the eastern highlands province (ehp) of papua new guinea we determined that the prevalences of trichomonas vaginalis infection, chlamydia trachomatis infection, and syphilis were 46%, 26%, and 4%, respectively. surprisingly, however, the prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was only 1%, which we considered low in consideration of the high prevalence of other sexually transmitted diseases (stds). the aim of the current study was to ... | 2002 | 12466719 |
| a novel potential surface protein in trichomonas vaginalis contains a leucine-rich repeat shared by micro-organisms from all three domains of life. | 2002 | 12467987 | |
| [prevalence of associated microorganisms in genital discharge, argentina]. | there was a significant increase in the number of women demanding gynecological care in public hospital of the great buenos aires, argentina, between 1997 and 1998. it was necessary to update the prevalence of associated microorganisms in order to review the laboratory support and adjust prevention and control guidelines. | 2002 | 12471378 |
| [retrospective microbiologic evaluation of vaginal cultures]. | vaginal culture is one of the most difficult cultures to be evaluated in clinical microbiology practice. the necessity of some expensive and complicated processes for diagnosis of some specific agents, age related variability of normal vaginal flora and failure caused by temporary presence of some pathogens in normal flora can be listed among the probable causes of that problem. in this study 8050 vaginal cultures performed in our hospital laboratories between 1 march 1999-15 september 2001 were ... | 2002 | 12476763 |
| [advances in the study of trichomoniasis in men]. | trichomoniasis is an important sexually transmitted disease that is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and increased hiv transmission. infection with trichomonas vaginalis also results in local urogenital tract symptoms. standard teaching is that trichomoniasis is an important cause of vaginitis in women, but that male sexual partners experience little or no morbidity. it is worth-while to summarize critical findings in a series of articles. the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in ... | 2002 | 12479053 |
| trichomonas vaginalis is associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | we assessed the association between the causative agents of vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) among women attending a rural sexually transmitted disease clinic in south africa; the role played by coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) was studied. vaginal and cervical specimens were obtained to detect neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis. hiv-1 infection was established by use of serum antibody te ... | 2002 | 11797180 |
| genitourinary infections and their association with preterm labor. | genitourinary tract infections are one cause of preterm delivery. prematurity is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality in the united states. uterine contractions may be induced by cytokines and prostaglandins, which are released by microorganisms. asymptomatic bacteriuria, gonococcal cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis are strongly associated with preterm delivery. the role of chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis and ureaplasma urealyticum is less clear. by adopting a rational ... | 2002 | 11820488 |
| in vitro activity of nitazoxanide and related compounds against isolates of giardia intestinalis, entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis. | the activities of the n-(nitrothiazolyl) salicylamide nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide were compared with metronidazole in vitro in microplates against six axenic isolates of giardia intestinalis. tizoxanide was eight times more active than metronidazole against metronidazole-susceptible isolates and twice as active against a resistant isolate. in 10 axenic isolates of entamoeba histolytica, while tizoxanide was almost twice as active as metronidazole against more susceptible isolates, ... | 2002 | 11751773 |
| interrelationships among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and the presence of yeasts. | vaginal discharge of mixed etiology occurs frequently, with abnormal vaginal flora being the most common condition. the interrelationships among the disturbance of the vaginal ecology, the presence of yeasts, and infection with trichomonas vaginalis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were investigated among women presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases service. analysis was done for 598 women. although the prevalence of hiv-1 infection increased linearly with increasing nugent ... | 2002 | 11756983 |
| vitamin a deficiency and genital tract infections in women living in central africa. | 2002 | 11832693 | |
| definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis. | to define an entity of abnormal vaginal flora: aerobic vaginitis. | 2002 | 11845812 |
| a spliceosomal intron in giardia lamblia. | short introns occur in numerous protist lineages, but there are no reports of intervening sequences in the protists giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis, which may represent the deepest known branches in the eukaryotic line of descent. we have discovered a 35-bp spliceosomal intron in a gene encoding a putative [2fe-2s] ferredoxin of g. lamblia. the giardia intron contains a canonical splice site at its 3' end (ag), a noncanonical splice site at its 5' end (ct), and a branch point sequence ... | 2002 | 11854456 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of a family of p-type atpase genes. | p-type atpases are ion-transporting pumps that enable organisms to control cellular functions and survive changing environmental conditions by regulating internal ion concentrations. eight p-type atpases were identified in the amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification with oligonucleotide primers that recognize conserved motifs present in all p-type atpases, the atp phosphorylation site (dktgtlt) and the atp binding site (tgdgvnd). phylogen ... | 2002 | 11880226 |
| giardia intestinalis, a eukaryote without hydrogenosomes, produces hydrogen. | the microaerophilic flagellated protist giardia intestinalis, the commonest protozoal agent of intestinal infections worldwide, is of uncertain phylogeny, but is usually regarded as the earliest branching of the eukaryotic clades. under strictly anaerobic conditions, a mass spectrometric investigation of gas production indicated a low level of generation of dihydrogen (2 nmol x min(-1) per 10(7) organisms), about 10-fold lower than that in trichomonas vaginalis under similar conditions. hydrogen ... | 2002 | 11882707 |
| a hydrogenosomal [fe]-hydrogenase from the anaerobic chytrid neocallimastix sp. l2. | the presence of a [fe]-hydrogenase in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus neocallimastix sp. l2 has been demonstrated by immunocytochemistry, subcellular fractionation, western-blotting and measurements of hydrogenase activity in the presence of various concentrations of carbon monoxide (co). since the hydrogenosomal hydrogenase activity can be inhibited nearly completely by low concentrations of co, it is likely that the [fe]-hydrogenase is responsible for at least 90% of ... | 2002 | 11891051 |
| intrauterine infection and prematurity. | intrauterine infection is a major cause of premature labor with and without intact membranes. intrauterine infection is present in approximately 25% of all preterm births and the earlier the gestational age at delivery, the higher the frequency of intra-amniotic infection. microorganisms may also gain access to the fetus before delivery. a fetal inflammatory response syndrome elicited in response to microbial products is associated with the impending onset of preterm labor and also with multi-sy ... | 2002 | 11921380 |
| [vulvovaginitis caused by candida spp. and trichomonas vaginalis in sexually active women]. | vulvovaginitis accounts for 20 to 30% of gynecological diseases and it is observed in women from 20 to 30 years of age. it has a higher frequency in women using oral contraceptives and during the third trimester of pregnancy. the aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of candida spp and trichomonas vaginalis in patients with the diagnosis of vulvovaginitis from the gynecology service in hospital universitario "ruiz y páez" in ciudad bolívar and hospital "raúl leoni" in san félix (bolí ... | 2002 | 11921745 |
| development and validation of a pcr-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with urine for use in clinical research settings to detect trichomonas vaginalis in women. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with poor birth outcomes and enhanced human immunodeficiency virus transmission. traditional detection methods rely on microscopic examination of vaginal specimens (wet mount) and culture, which can be insensitive and time-consuming. more than 3,000 women attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics were enrolled in this cross-sectional study to evaluate urine-based pcr for detection of t. vaginalis using a com ... | 2002 | 11773098 |
| the bali std/aids study: evaluation of an intervention for sex workers. | prostitution has been an important factor in the spread of hiv infection in asia. interventions need to be developed to reduce the risk of transmission of sexually transmitted infections in this area. | 2002 | 11773879 |
| timing of inoculation of the pouch makes no difference in increased detection of trichomonas vaginalis by the inpouch tv method. | the inpouch tv is a method which combines a wet preparation and a culture method to detect trichomonas vaginalis. the top portion of the inpouch tv essentially functions as a slide to be examined under the microscope. if the initial examination is negative, the specimen is pushed down into the bottom pouch, which serves as a broth for cultivation. the issue of timing has not been specifically addressed for optimal processing. to assess the effect of timing on the inoculation of the bottom pouch, ... | 2002 | 11923361 |
| phylogenetic relationships between the six superoxide dismutase proteins (fesod) of trichomonas vaginalis and fesod6 genetic diversity. | the parasitic protozoan trichomonas vaginalis is known to contain several types of fe-containing superoxide dismutase proteins (fesod). using three different methods of phylogenetic analysis, maximum parsimony (mp), neighbor joining (nj), and maximum likelihood (ml) methods, we examined the phylogenetic relationships among the six fesod (fesod1-fesod6) based on their amino acid sequences. all the analyses consistently suggested that the six proteins formed a monophyletic group implying that they ... | 2002 | 11938694 |
| separable putative polyadenylation and cleavage motifs in trichomonas vaginalis mrnas. | 3' untranslated region processing and polyadenylation in trichomonas vaginalis was analyzed by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends and sequence analysis of t. vaginalis mrnas. a putative polyadenylation signal with the sequence uaaa was found 11-30 nucleotides upstream from the cleavage site. the motif pyrimidine( downward arrow)(a)(0-3)aauu is proposed to be the cleavage site for polyadenylation of transcripts. this potential sequence defining the cleavage site for polyadenylation in eukaryotes ... | 2002 | 12036586 |
| what sexually transmitted disease screening method does the adolescent prefer? adolescents' attitudes toward first-void urine, self-collected vaginal swab, and pelvic examination. | to assess sexually active adolescents' attitudes toward 3 screening collection techniques for detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis using first-void urine (fvu), self-collected vaginal swab specimens, and pelvic examination with clinician-collected endocervical swab specimens. | 2002 | 12038892 |
| dna single strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by three nitroimidazole derivatives. | tinidazole (tnz), ornidazole (onz) and metronidazole (mtz) are antiparasitic drugs (nitroimidazole derivatives) that have proven to be effective against trichomonas vaginalis, entoamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and helicobacter pylori. the reduction of the nitro group and the generation of short-lived reactive intermediates are the basis of its parasiticidal activity. this reduction is associated with its mutagenic activity in bacteria, although in mammalian cells dna damage seems to be rel ... | 2002 | 12044544 |
| a preliminary study on the relationship between trichomonas vaginalis and cervical cancer in egyptian women. | the relationship between trichomonas vaginalis and cancer cervix was investigated by detection of t. vaginalis antibodies, in the sera of 48 invasive cervical cancer patients and 100 random age matched female control, using western immunoblot technique. it was found that antibodies to t. vaginalis were detected in sera of 18.75% (9/48) of cervical cancer patients compared with 5% (5/100) of controls. the increase was evident in age group, 40-49 years (21.05% vs 5%) and of those with squamous cel ... | 2002 | 12049252 |
| the crystal structure of trichomonas vaginalis ferredoxin provides insight into metronidazole activation. | crystallographic studies revealing the three-dimensional structure of the oxidized form of the [2fe-2s] ferredoxin from trichomonas vaginalis (tvfd) are presented. tvfd, a member of the hydrogenosomal class of ferredoxins, possesses a unique combination of redox and spectroscopic properties, and is believed to be the biological molecule that activates the drug metronidazole reductively in the treatment of trichomoniasis. it is the first hydrogenosomal ferredoxin to have its structure determined. ... | 2002 | 12051855 |
| lipid metabolism in mucous-dwelling amitochondriate protozoa. | entamoeba, giardia, and trichomonads are the prominent members of a group known as 'mucosal parasites'. while entamoeba and giardia trophozoites colonise the small intestine, trichomonads inhabit the genitourinary tracts of humans and animals. these protozoa lack mitochondria, well-developed golgi complexes, and other organelles typical of higher eukaryotes. nonetheless, they have developed unique metabolic pathways that allow them to survive and multiply in the small intestine and reproductive ... | 2002 | 12062485 |
| infectious diseases. 6: sexually transmitted infections: new diagnostic approaches and treatments. | 1. commercially available nucleic acid amplification assays (eg, polymerase or ligase chain reaction) are now the "gold standard" tests for genital chlamydial infection and also have a role in screening for gonococcal infection. 2. single-dose oral antibiotics are available for treatment of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis infections. 3. strains of n. gonorrhoeae in urban australia are often penicillin resistant, while strains from south east asia and those ... | 2002 | 12064989 |
| multiple origins of hydrogenosomes: functional and phylogenetic evidence from the adp/atp carrier of the anaerobic chytrid neocallimastix sp. | a mitochondrial-type adp/atp carrier (aac) has been identified in the hydrogenosomes of the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus neocallimastix sp. l2. biochemical and immunocytochemical studies revealed that this adp/atp carrier is an integral component of hydrogenosomal membranes. expression of the corresponding cdna in escherichia coli confers the ability on the bacterial host to incorporate adp at significantly higher rates than atp--similar to isolated mitochondria of yeast and animals. phyloge ... | 2002 | 12067335 |
| neonatal pneumonia caused by trichomonas vaginalis. | the authors present two cases of newborn babies infected by trichomonas vaginalis (hereafter referred to as t. vaginalis) and suffering from severe congenital breathing difficulties and needing artificial respiration. microscopic examination of the tracheal discharge revealed characteristically moving, flagellated, pear-shaped unicellular organisms. cultures on cplm medium proved the presence of t. vaginalis. during pregnancy the mothers' clinical status was negative and both of them mentioned l ... | 2002 | 12073821 |
| [cervico-vaginal infections. study of a population in the turin area]. | aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, in the turin area, of the pathogens chiefly involved in the genesis of the most common infections of the female genitalia. | 2002 | 12114863 |
| ultrastructural cytochemical observations of the cell coat of two trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different degree of virulence. | the cell coat of two trichomonas vaginalis isolates with different degree of virulence isolated in mexico from symptomatic women was studied by cytochemical assays. the use of carbohydrate cell surface markers allowed us to visualize greater electron-dense deposits in the highly virulent t. vaginalis isolate than in the less virulent one. on the contrary, parasites treated with concanavalin a showed a heavy uniform electron-dense deposit on the cell surface that was similar in both isolates. whe ... | 2002 | 12117282 |
| in vitro effect of nitazoxanide against entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis and trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. | nitazoxanide, a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative, is effective in the treatment of a broad range of parasitic infections. in vitro, it is active against several protozoa, including cryptosporidium parvum, blastocystis hominis, and giardia intestinalis. the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro effect of nitazoxanide on the growth and morphology of three anaerobic protozoa (entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, and trichomonas vaginalis) and to compare these effects with those o ... | 2002 | 12120985 |
| in vitro activities of position 2 substitution-bearing 6-nitro- and 6-amino-benzothiazoles and their corresponding anthranilic acid derivatives against leishmania infantum and trichomonas vaginalis. | 6-nitro- and 6-amino-benzothiazoles bearing different chains in position 2 and their corresponding anthranilic acid derivatives were investigated for their in vitro antiparasitic properties against parasites of the species leishmania infantum and trichomonas vaginalis compared to their toxicity towards human monocytes. biological investigations established that the antiprotozoal properties depended greatly on the chemical structure of the position 2 substitution-bearing group. compound c1, 2-[(2 ... | 2002 | 12121937 |
| aetiology of chronic prostatitis. | a total of 388 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis and inflammatory findings in expressed prostatic secretion (eps) or in a urine sample collected immediately after prostate massage, were examined over a 2 year period at the outpatient department for urogenital infections, university hospital for infectious diseases 'dr fran mihaljević', zagreb, croatia. the infective aetiology was determined in 276 (71.13%) patients. chlamydia trachomatis was the causative pathogen in 109 patients, tr ... | 2002 | 12135835 |
| prostatitis: what is the role of infection. | although bacterial prostatitis is a common diagnosis, well documented infections of the prostate are uncommon. culture studies of prostate tissue led our group to hypothesize that bacterial colonization/invasion of the prostate gland might occur more commonly than is appreciated by standard microbiological techniques. specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were used for each of the pathogens previously implicated in chronic prostatitis as well as broad-spectrum pcr assays to identify te ... | 2002 | 12135836 |
| interventions for trichomoniasis in pregnancy. | vaginitis due to trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common of sexually transmitted diseases. trichomoniasis affects women during pregnancy as well but it is not clearly established whether it causes preterm birth and other pregnancy complications. | 2002 | 12137609 |
| six-year follow-up survey of sexually transmitted diseases in brasilia, the capital of brazil. | the notification of sexually transmitted diseases (std) is a prime component of well-designed public health policy. however, peculiar aspects of std must be taken into account for the correct management of surveillance activities. here, we describe the distribution of the most common sexually transmitted diseases among patients attended by the gynecological clinics of the principal public hospitals of brasilia and the federal district, brazilian capital, during six years. a total of 142,158 pati ... | 2002 | 12144746 |
| a form of cell death with some features resembling apoptosis in the amitochondrial unicellular organism trichomonas vaginalis. | one of hallmarks of apoptosis is the degradation and concomitant compaction of chromatin. it is assumed that caspases and caspase-independent pathways are rate limiting for the development of nuclear apoptosis. the caspase-independent pathway involves apoptosis-inducing factor (aif) and leads to dna fragmentation and peripheral chromatin condensation. both pathways are the result of activation of death signals that the mitochondrion receives, integrates, and responds to with the release of vario ... | 2002 | 11978006 |
| in vivo expression of ferredoxin in a drug resistant trichomonad increases metronidazole susceptibility. | 2002 | 11985873 | |
| specific iga response, t-cell subtype and cytokine profile in experimental intravaginal trichomoniasis. | trichomoniasis caused by trichomonas vaginalis may lead to either a complete absence of symptoms or to severe inflammatory manifestations in infected women. studies of the role of immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this disease are lacking. mice may prove useful as an experimental model for intravaginal trichomoniasis in developing an understanding of the role of local immune responses in the pathogenesis and varied symptomatology of this disease. the present study ... | 2002 | 11999021 |
| scanning electron microscopy in the investigation of the in vitro hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis. | the in vitro hemolytic activity of trichomonas vaginalis has been previously demonstrated, but the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. in this work we used scanning electron microscopy to investigate the contact dependency of the hemolytic phenomenon caused by the parasites. the erythrocytes adhered to the parasites' surface and were phagocytosed. these observations suggest that the contact between t. vaginalis and erythrocytes may be an important mechanism in the injury caused to the e ... | 2002 | 11999024 |
| analyses of rna polymerase ii genes from free-living protists: phylogeny, long branch attraction, and the eukaryotic big bang. | the phylogenetic relationships among major eukaryotic protist lineages are largely uncertain. two significant obstacles in reconstructing eukaryotic phylogeny are long-branch attraction (lba) effects and poor taxon sampling of free-living protists. we have obtained and analyzed gene sequences encoding the largest subunit of rna polymerase ii (rpb1) from naegleria gruberi (a heterolobosean), cercomonas atcc 50319 (a cercozoan), and ochromonas danica (a heterokont); we have also analyzed the rpb1 ... | 2002 | 12032239 |
| synthesis and trichomonacidal activity of perketals and hydroperoxides. | some perketals were synthesized by the dussault procedure using simple bromides and 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hydroperoxide. treatment with acetic acid gave the corresponding hydroperoxides. both perketals and hydroperoxides were tested in vitro as trichomonacidal agents. most of them exhibited very good activities. the most powerful compound was 2-methoxyprop-2-yl hexadec-l-yl peroxide which exhibited an ic50 value of 0.51 microm being 10 times more effective than the reference compound metronidazole. | 2002 | 12088060 |
| cost-effective screening for trichomoniasis. | 2002 | 12095452 | |
| methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance. | cultivation of luminal protistan parasites has a long history. in this review we discuss the methods and media that are most widely used for the establishment and maintenance of the following organisms in culture: entamoeba histolytica, giardia intestinalis, trichomonas vaginalis, dientamoeba fragilis, blastocystis hominis, and balantidium coli. while cultivation is of limited importance in the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to most research laboratories, and it is toward the latter that ... | 2002 | 12097242 |
| trichomonas vaginalis polymerase chain reaction compared with standard diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for detection and treatment of vaginal trichomoniasis. | wet preparation has limited sensitivity for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection. an observational study of 337 women was conducted to evaluate a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for tv. the sensitivities of wet preparation and tv culture were 52% (95% confidence interval [ci], 41-62) and 78% (95% ci, 69-86), respectively. tv pcr had a sensitivity of 84% (95% ci, 75-90) and a specificity of 94% (95% ci, 90-97). metronidazole was provided to 67 (69%) of 97 women with tv becau ... | 2002 | 12173132 |
| the purine nucleoside phosphorylase from trichomonas vaginalis is a homologue of the bacterial enzyme. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan and the causative agent of trichomoniasis. its primary purine salvage system, consisting of a purine nucleoside phosphorylase (pnp) and a purine nucleoside kinase, presents potential targets for designing selective inhibitors as antitrichomonial drugs because of lack of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides in this organism. cdna encoding t. vaginalis pnp was isolated by complementation of an escherichia coli strain deficient in pnp and expressed, ... | 2002 | 12173924 |
| mechanisms of in vitro development of resistance to metronidazole in trichomonas vaginalis. | development of resistance against metronidazole and mechanisms responsible for this process were studied in a sexually transmitted pathogen of humans, trichomonas vaginalis. monitoring of changes in metabolism and protein expression that accompanied increasing resistance of strains derived from a common drug-susceptible parent (tv 10-02) showed the multistep character of the process. the aerobic type of resistance known to occur in isolates from patients non-responsive to treatment appeared at t ... | 2002 | 12177340 |
| the diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomonas infections by self obtained low vaginal swabs, in remote northern australian clinical practice. | to examine the diagnostic performance of self obtained low vaginal swabs (solvs) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in the diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infection in a variety of clinical practice settings in remote north western australia. | 2002 | 12181467 |
| community prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection in tamil nadu, india: a probability proportional to size cluster survey. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and aids is threatening the survival of many nations. to evaluate ongoing interventional strategies and burden of illness estimates, valid data on the prevalence of hiv are required. often, in the absence of community prevalence data, estimates are based on surrogate markers such as prevalence of hiv in antenatal clinics. even though the antenatal prevalence of hiv is easier to measure and can be repeated for evaluation, it is important to establish t ... | 2002 | 12186325 |
| pelvic inflammatory disease in the people's republic of china: aetiology and management. | to study the causes of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) in shenyang, northeastern china, and to assess the efficacy of the syndromic management flowchart for pid recommended by world health organization (who). | 2002 | 12194742 |
| homogeneous, nonradioactive, enzymatic assay for plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate. | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) is the biologically active form of vitamin b(6). clinical studies suggest that low plp concentrations are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and other diseases. however, plp concentrations are not routinely diagnosed because of the lack of a homogeneous, nonradioactive assay. we describe a homogeneous, nonradioactive, enzymatic plp assay that uses the apo form of the plp-dependent recombinant enzyme, homocysteine-alpha,gamma-lyase (rhcyase). | 2002 | 12194934 |
| double-stranded rna viral infection of trichomonas vaginalis infecting patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. | trichomonas vaginalis (tv) can be infected with double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses that may have important implications for trichomonal virulence and disease pathogenesis. a cross-sectional study was conducted in a sexually transmitted diseases clinic to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of dsrna viral infection of tv infecting men and women. overall, dsrna virus was present in 21 (75%) of 28 tv isolates (95% confidence interval [ci], 55%-89%). dsrna viral infection of tv was n ... | 2002 | 12195385 |
| association between elevated neutrophil defensin levels and endometritis. | the role of host defenses in the pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) remains largely uncharacterized. the antimicrobial peptides defensins are important components of innate host defense. to explore the relationship between neutrophil defensins and upper genital tract infection, 377 women who were at risk for pid were enrolled in a study. women infected with neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, or chlamydia trachomatis had higher median levels of neutrophil defensins (huma ... | 2002 | 12198613 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis on modified columbia agar in the routine laboratory. | broth culture of trichomonas vaginalis is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. two studies were carried out to evaluate modified columbia agar (mca) for the isolation of t. vaginalis from clinical samples. study i compared isolation on mca to that on liquid medium with 889 vaginal samples. out of 63 samples positive for t. vaginalis (7.1% of total), mca identified 62 (98.4%) and broth identified 58 (92.1%). in study ii, trichomoniasis was diagnosed within the scope ... | 2002 | 12202565 |
| the mitotic spindle and associated membranes in the closed mitosis of trichomonads. | in the present work, we followed the several phases of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis cell cycles using immunofluorescence, serial thin sections, three-dimensional (3d) reconstruction, and transmission electron microscopy. in motile trichomonad cells or in pseudocyst forms, the nuclear envelope persists throughout mitosis, and the spindle is extranuclear. we found three types of spindle microtubules: pole-to-nucleus microtubules which are attached to the nuclear envelope, pole-t ... | 2002 | 12206655 |
| [parasitic diseases are a risk factor of inflammations of the small pelvis organs. trichomoniasis]. | clinical and laboratory studies were made in 2259 persons by using serological assays, including cultural and bacterioscopic assays in 1824 and 363 persons, respectively, in order to indicate trichomonas infection among men, women, and 2-15-year-old children who had chronic inflammation of the urogenital system, as well as among children aged 2 months to 16 years who had a severe somatic disease. parasitic cenoses of the urogenital tract were studied in women with trichomoniasis and reproductive ... | 2002 | 12224263 |
| tv or not tv? | 2002 | 12238649 | |
| epidemiology and natural history of ligase chain reaction detected chlamydial and gonococcal infections. | ligase chain reaction (lcr) technology has dramatically increased the sensitivity of tests for sexually transmitted infections (stis). it is unknown whether low copy infections (lcr positive, culture negative) have any clinical consequences. we assessed the clinical significance of untreated low copy chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in a cohort of sexually active women. | 2002 | 12238656 |
| fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolases in amitochondriate protists constitute a single protein subfamily with eubacterial relationships. | sequences of putative fructose-1,6-bisphospate aldolases (fba) in five amitochondriate unicellular eukaryotes, the diplomonads giardia intestinalis (published earlier) and spironucleus barkhanus, the pelobiont mastigamoeba balamuthi,the entamoebid entamoeba histolytica, and the parabasalid trichomonas vaginalis all belong to class ii of fbas and are highly similar to each other (>48% amino acid identity). the five protist sequences, however, do not form a monophyletic group. diplomonad fbas shar ... | 2002 | 12242011 |
| the complex fibronectin--trichomonas vaginalis interactions and trichomonosis. | trichomonosis is the vaginitis caused by trichomonas vaginalis. this sexually transmitted agent achieves successful host parasitism through various means including: (1). acquisition of nutrients through specific receptors; (2). recognition and binding to mucin followed by cytoadherence mediated by adhesins that resemble metabolic enzymes; (3). evasion of immune responses through (i). masking of organisms by host proteins, (ii). shedding of trichomonad proteins into the secretions and (iii). secr ... | 2002 | 12243782 |
| virus in trichomonas--an ultrastructural study. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated, parasitic protozoan that inhabits the urogenital tract of humans. approximately one-half of isolates of t. vaginalis are infected with a double-stranded (ds) rna virus, which was described in the literature as a homogeneous population of icosahedral virus with isometric symmetry and 33 nm in diameter. the present study describes the heterogeneous virus population found in t. vaginalis isolate 347. this population comprises different virus sizes (33-200 nm) ... | 2002 | 12243783 |
| how laminin-1 can be recognized by the protozoan parasite tritrichomonas foetus: possible role played by the extracellular matrix glycoprotein in both cytoadhesion and cytotoxicity exerted by the parasite. | the isoform 1 of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin is known to be an important ligand for some parasitic protozoa including trichomonas vaginalis. the bovine parasite tritrichomonas foetus seems to display a similar recognition process to laminin-1, as some amino acid sequences found in the lns module of laminin-1 can also be recognized by this parasite. which of the laminin-1 residing adhesion sequences are recognized by t. foetus, and the role played by such a protein-cell recognit ... | 2002 | 12243785 |
| characterization of an iron-responsive promoter in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | iron has been shown to regulate transcription in the protozoan pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. in this study, a dna transfection system was developed to monitor ap65-1 promoter activity in response to changing iron supply. in conjunction with electrophoretic mobility shift assay, iron-induced transcription of the ap65-1 gene was shown to be regulated by multiple closely spaced dna elements spanning an iron-responsive region (-110/-54), including an iron-responsive dna element ((-98)agataacga(-90 ... | 2002 | 11741916 |
| [frequency of trichomonas vaginalis infection in couples with fertility problems]. | one-hundred and seventy two couples which went for the first time to the infertility service of the national institute of endocrinology from june 1999 to june 2000, were studied to find out the frequency of trichomonas vaginalis infection in this group, and determine its interaction with a number of clinical and risk variables. the results yielded that 10.5% were positive to the parasite, the prevailing symptom was leukorrea in women and 96.6% of men showed no symptoms. it was highly significant ... | 2002 | 15849932 |
| [behavior of vaginal trichomoniasis in a group of adolescents]. | 275 adolescents aged 10-19 receiving attention at the infantojuvenile department of pregnancy interruption and of sexually transmitted infections of "ramón gonzalez coro" and "eusebio hernández" gynecoobstetric teaching hospitals, both in havana city, were studied from august, 1999, to september, 2000, aimed at knowing the behavior of the infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis in this population group. the results yielded 18.1 % of positivity to parasitosis. it was proved by the calculation o ... | 2003 | 15849923 |
| utility of direct fluorescent antibody test for detection of chlamydia trachomatis and its detection in male patients with non gonococcal urethritis in new delhi. | the purpose of this study was assessment of prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and utility of direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) test for its detection in male patients with non gonococcal urethritis in new delhi, india. thirty male patients with symptoms of dysuria showing polymorphs in their gram stained urethral smears with no evidence of neisseria gonorrhoeae, and negative for trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans by wet mount were subjected to dfa test for detection of c. trachomatis i ... | 2003 | 17642862 |
| [importance of the vaginal ecosystem examination in the first trimester of pregnancy]. | vaginal ecosystem disturbances especially bacterial vaginosis are strongly associated with infectious complication during the course of pregnancy. | 2003 | 15029744 |
| in vitro comparative kinetics of adhesive and haemolytic potential of t. vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic females. | the host parasite relationship and pathogenic mechanisms of the commonly reported sexually transmitted urogenital disease, trichomoniasis, are poorly understood. this study was planned to correlate the adhesion properties of trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women to vaginal epithelial cells in vitro (in presence and absence of l. acidophilus) and to ascertain the haemolytic activity of the isolates, in order to assess these properties as possible markers of pathog ... | 2003 | 15025385 |
| pseudocysts in trichomonads--new insights. | tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis, parasitic protists of the urogenital tract, display a trophozoite and a pseudocyst stage. the ultrastructure of the trophozoite was compared with the pseudocyst form. the latter appears under unfavorable environmental conditions when the flagella are internalized, and a true cell wall is not formed. although some authors consider this form as a degenerate stage, the cell behaves as a resistant form. pseudocysts were found in natural culture condit ... | 2003 | 14658492 |
| use of the roche lightcycler instrument in a real-time pcr for trichomonas vaginalis in urine samples from females and males. | trichomonas vaginalis is the agent of a highly prevalent sexually transmitted infection (sti) that can result in vaginitis, urethritis, and preterm birth. traditional methods of diagnosis, including wet preparation, can be unreliable. in this study, we describe the adaptation of an existing pcr method for specific detection of t. vaginalis dna into a rapid real-time pcr assay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) probe chemistry. the fret-based assay described demonstrated high ... | 2003 | 14662951 |
| detection of tritrichomonas foetus by polymerase chain reaction in cultured isolates, cervicovaginal mucus, and formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and fetuses. | a rapid, reliable polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, originally developed for definitive laboratory identification of the bovine venereal pathogen tritrichomonas foetus from cultures of male reproductive tract fluids, was used for testing the following: 1) cultured, geographically disparate trichomonad isolates, 2) formalin-fixed tissues from infected heifers and naturally infected fetuses, and 3) cervicovaginal mucus (cvm) from experimentally infected females. in 12 of 12 western hemisphere ... | 2003 | 14667024 |
| characterization of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase (ec 3.1.3.5) activity in intact cells of trichomonas vaginalis. | the enzymatic properties of an ecto-5'-nucleotidase were described in trichomonas vaginalis. the enzyme hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates in optimum ph values of 7.5 and 6.5 for the 30236 strain and for the 30238 strain, respectively. mg(2+) and ca(2+) were activators of amp hydrolysis in both strains. the apparent k(m) (michaelis constant) values for mg(2+)-amp were 111.4+/-28.1 microm (mean+/-sd, n=3) for 30236 strain and 420.2+/-35.7 microm (mean+/-sd, n=3) for 30238 strain. the ecto-5'-nu ... | 2003 | 14969694 |
| the in vitro effect of assafoetida on trichomonas vaginalis. | assafoetida is an oleo-gum resin obtained from the roots and stems of many ferula species such as f. foetida regel, f. asafoetida linn, f. alliacea boiss. and f. narthex boiss, family umbelliferae (carrot family), plants growing indigenously in iran, afghanistan and north of india. assafoetida is commonly used as a flavoring agent in food and as a traditional medicine for many diseases in many parts of the world. in this work, the effect of assafoetida on growth of trichomonas vaginalis in vitro ... | 2003 | 14964671 |
| cell death in protists without mitochondria. | some protozoans, such as trichomonad species, do not possess mitochondria. most of the time, they harbor another type of membrane-bounded organelle, called hydrogenosome from its capacity to produce h(2). this is the case for the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis. some other parasites, such as the protist giardia lamblia, do not harbor any of these organelles. from this observation arises naturally a naive question: how do cells die when the mitochondrion, the cornerstone of apoptotic process ... | 2003 | 15033707 |
| treatment of trichomonas in pregnancy and adverse outcomes of pregnancy: a subanalysis of a randomized trial in rakai, uganda. | the purpose of this study was to assess the association of presumptive trichomonas vaginalis treatment during pregnancy and birth outcomes. | 2003 | 14634576 |
| vaginal cytokines in normal pregnancy. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether the vaginal cytokine concentration varies during the course of uncomplicated pregnancy. | 2003 | 14634582 |
| programmed cell death in parasitic protozoans that lack mitochondria. | 2003 | 14642765 | |
| modeller: generation and refinement of homology-based protein structure models. | 2003 | 14696385 | |
| effect of anapsos in a murine model of experimental trichomoniasis. | immunomodulator effect of anapsos (polypodium leukotomas extract) in nmri (us naval medical research institute) outbred mice infected by the intraperitoneal route with 10(7) trichomonas vaginalis has been tested. gross histopathologic changes in abdominal organs and mortality rate, as a consequence of the pathogenicity of the protozoa and the immune response of the host, were evaluated. among the different treatment regimes assayed, anapsos at doses of 20 mg/kg/day administered for 10 days befor ... | 2003 | 14710626 |
| sexually transmitted diseases. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) constitute a major health burden in the united states, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, genital lesions, genital neoplasms, adverse pregnancy outcomes, immune system dysfunction, liver disease, and even death. stds disproportionately affect adolescents and young adults. of the estimated 15 million stds that occur annually each year in the united states, 4 million are among adolescents and 6 million amon ... | 2003 | 14724772 |
| summary: international conference on anaerobic protists. | 2003 | 14736223 | |
| a 39-kda cysteine proteinase cp39 from trichomonas vaginalis, which is negatively affected by iron may be involved in trichomonal cytotoxicity. | 2003 | 14736224 | |
| two trichomonas vaginalis loci encoding for distinct cysteine proteinases show a genomic linkage with putative inositol hexakisphosphate kinase (ip6k2) or an abc transporter gene. | 2003 | 14736227 | |
| vaginitis in a gynecologic practice in israel: causes and risk factors. | vaginal symptoms are a leading reason for a patient to visit her gynecologist. little is known about the prevalence of the different causes of vaginitis and the risk factors for this entity in israel. | 2003 | 14509151 |
| synthesis and antiparasitic activity of albendazole and mebendazole analogues. | albendazole (abz) and mebendazole (mbz) analogues have been synthesized and in vitro tested against the protozoa giardia lamblia, trichomonas vaginalis and the helminths trichinella spiralis and caenorhabditis elegans. results indicate that compounds 4a, 4b (abz analogues), 12b and 20 (mbz analogues) are as active as antiprotozoal agents as metronidazole against g. lamblia. compound 9 was 58 times more active than abz against t. vaginalis. compounds 8 and 4a also shown high activity against this ... | 2003 | 14527558 |
| effects of metronidazole and tinidazole on ntpdase1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase from intact cells of trichomonas vaginalis. | here we report the effects of metronidazole and tinidazole on ntpdase1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase from intact cells of trichomonas vaginalis. adenosine triphosphate (atp) and adenosine diphosphate (adp) hydrolysis was 5- to 7-fold higher for the fresh clinical strain, when compared with the atcc (american type culture collection) strain. atp hydrolysis was activated in the presence of metronidazole in the atcc strain, whilst it was inhibited 33% by 50 microm tinidazole in a fresh clinical isolate. ... | 2003 | 14553936 |
| glycogen phosphorylase sequences from the amitochondriate protists, trichomonas vaginalis, mastigamoeba balamuthi, entamoeba histolytica and giardia intestinalis. | glycogen phosphorylase genes or messages from four amitochondriate eukaryotes, trichomonas vaginalis, mastigamoeba balamuthi, entamoeba histolytica (two genes) and giardia intestinalis, have been isolated and sequenced. the sequences of the amitochondriate protist enzymes appear to share a most recent common ancestor. the clade containing these sequences is closest to that of another protist, the slime mold (dictyostelium discoideum), and is more closely related to fungal and plant phosphorylase ... | 2003 | 14563176 |
| sexually transmitted infections in male clients of female sex workers in benin: risk factors and reassessment of the leucocyte esterase dipstick for screening of urethral infections. | (1) to assess risk factors for urethral infections with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis among male clients of female sex workers (fsws) in benin; (2) to study the validity of led testing of male urine samples compared to a highly sensitive gold standard (pcr) for the diagnosis of urethral infections with the organisms cited above. | 2003 | 14573834 |
| comparison of culture and different pcr assays for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in self collected vaginal swab specimens. | dna amplification techniques have become widely used for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis, pcr techniques are not yet widely used despite the publication of several assays. the sensitivity and specificity of five independent primer sets were determined on self collected vaginal specimens obtained from female commercial sex workers. | 2003 | 14573835 |