Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| laboratory investigation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1385296 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection. two cases responsible for maternal death during pregnancy]. | 1992 | 1386444 | |
| interleukin 1: an important mediator of host resistance against pneumocystis carinii. | the importance of endogenous interleukin 1 (il-1) in resistance to pneumocystis carinii infection was examined in a scid mouse model. naturally acquired pulmonary infection of p. carinii in scid mice was completely cleared by reconstitution of the infected mice with immunocompetent spleen cells. il-1 activity in the lung homogenate supernatant of these mice increased significantly after reconstitution and returned to baseline level after the clearance of p. carinii. treatment of reconstituted sc ... | 1992 | 1387414 |
| hematuria associated with pentamidine therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1388884 | |
| patient tolerance of nebulized pentamidine or cotrimoxazole as secondary prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1388897 | |
| survival time after aids in pregnancy. | to examine the suggestion, based on theoretical considerations and case reports, that pregnancy decreases survival time after aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). | 1992 | 1390466 |
| [pneumocystis carinii today--40 years later]. | forty years ago czech scientists, j. vanĕk and o. jírovec, diagnosed pneumocystis carinii as the agent of interstitial plasmocytic pneumonia in weak infants. at present it is the most frequent pulmonary pathogenic organism in patients suffering from aids. in the submitted paper the author summarizes experience and recent findings on the aetiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia. | 1992 | 1394372 |
| [pneumocystis carinii infection after kidney transplantation]. | the authors demonstrate on the example of two patients after transplantation of the kidney with pneumocystis pneumonia their experience with this disease. predisposing factors include prolonged immunosuppression, protein and energy malnutrition, chronic inflammations and large doses of methylprednisolone. in the clinical picture dominated acute dyspnoea with hypoxaemia and non-productive cough. in one patient the x-ray picture was quite atypical. the prognosis of the disease is poor, both patien ... | 1992 | 1394374 |
| sensitization of rat alveolar macrophages to enhanced tnf-alpha release by in vivo treatment with dexamethasone. | treatment of rats with dexamethasone rapidly induced a marked weight loss which occurred within 3 days and persisted for several weeks. the cachectic state was paralleled by increased serum levels of triglycerides, albumin, and protein and a strong reduction of blood mononuclear leukocytes. in lung sections, an increased number of mononuclear giant cells was found but no bacteria, fungi, or pneumocystis carinii organisms. quite strikingly, alveolar macrophages from dexamethasone-treated rats, bu ... | 1992 | 1394443 |
| tension pneumomediastinum complicating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1992 | 1395675 | |
| changes in hospital admissions pattern in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was the leading cause of hospital admissions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection before the widespread use of pcp prophylaxis. we studied retrospectively the changes in annual hospital admission patterns after the start of a population-based pcp prophylaxis program in toronto. the purpose of the study was to identify the cogent diseases requiring hospitalization of hiv patients in the current era of pcp prophylaxis. this information ... | 1992 | 1395739 |
| prospective evaluation of a prognostic score for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, and percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage correlate most strongly with early mortality in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients. however, the individual outcome can not be predicted by these parameters due to a considerable overlap between survivors and nonsurvivors. we prospectively investigated a pcp severity score, which has been developed earlier based on a retrospective analysis. sev ... | 1992 | 1395741 |
| analysis of induced sputum for the diagnosis of recurrent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we studied the sensitivity of isa for diagnosis of second-episode pcp in aids patients. we induced sputum in 218 patients who had known or suspected aids and who had a presentation suggestive of pcp. all patients with negative sputum smear for pcp underwent bal. twenty-five patients were identified who had second-episode pcp at least 30 days after initial diagnosis. chest roentgenographic infiltrate patterns for these 25 patients were blindly scored as normal, diffuse, upper lobe or focal non-up ... | 1992 | 1395759 |
| aids: part ii. | great strides have been made in the therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. currently approved drugs include zidovudine and didanosine. a third drug, dideoxycytidine (zalcitibine), has recently been filed for approval with the food and drug administration. all these drugs work through inhibition of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. zidovudine is the only drug that has shown clinical efficacy against hiv. treatment of patients with advanced hiv disease (i.e., acquired immune defi ... | 1992 | 1396036 |
| protozoan infections and hiv-1 infection: a review. | reactivation of latent infection is the principal mechanism relating toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii to hiv. less common is reactivation in leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, and microsporidian infections. an impaired primary immune response occurs in all these infections, and also with cryptosporidium and isospora belli. association of hiv infection with gut parasites including giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, and also with trichomonas vaginalis infection is likely to ... | 1992 | 1396192 |
| is pneumocystis carinii a deep mycosis-like agent? | pneumocystis carinii is a widespread eukaryotic microorganism found in the lungs of healthy mammals, including humans. it is able to proliferate extensively in the alveoli, becoming an important agent of severe pneumonitis in immunosuppressed hosts, especially in persons suffering from aids. the taxonomic position of p. carinii is uncertain. typical cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells have been found and described in the parasite. biochemical research is hindered by the lack of an efficie ... | 1992 | 1397210 |
| characterization of the rrna-encoding genes and transcripts, and a group-i self-splicing intron in pneumocystis carinii. | although pneumocystis carinii is the most common opportunistic pathogen infecting individuals with aids, very little is known of the basic biology of the organism. we have examined the ribosomal rna (rrna) and the dna encoding it (rdna) in p. carinii in an attempt to clarify its taxonomic position and to begin to study its genetic processes. electrophoretic analysis showed that the sizes of the p. carinii rrnas are quite similar to the sizes of the corresponding rrnas from saccharomyces cerevisi ... | 1992 | 1398096 |
| murine pneumocystis carinii adherence to vertical monolayers of cultured mink lung cells (micl1). | we describe a method for adherence and culture of murine pneumocystis carinii in mink lung cells (micl1) grown on vertical supports. the vertical cultures were infected with p. carinii; the surrounding medium and inoculum were stirred to ensure circulation and contact with micl1 cells. when compared with conventional horizontal culture, the vertical method offers a more suitable system for assessing p. carinii adherence. this approach has proved suitable for quantitative evaluation of p. carinii ... | 1992 | 1401017 |
| pcp presenting as cavitary pneumonia: a case report. | as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia cases increase, physicians must consider the various atypical radiographic presentations of the disease. the following case report illustrates one atypical presentation and the dramatic response to treatment. | 1992 | 1401889 |
| expression and characterization of a cdna clone encoding an immunodominant surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii. | most studies of antigens of pneumocystis carinii have focused on an abundant, immunogenic 95- to 140-kda surface glycoprotein referred to as gpa. expression cloning of gpa from p. carinii obtained from ferrets resulted in isolation of colinear fragments of gpa cdna encoding approximately 87 kda of the core protein. northern hybridization detected an abundant, single species of gpa-specific mrna of 3600 nucleotides. southern hybridization revealed gpa-specific bands only in p. carinii-infected lu ... | 1992 | 1402023 |
| application of dna amplification to pneumocystosis: presence of serum pneumocystis carinii dna during human and experimentally induced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). much remains unknown about the basic biology of p. carinii and studies of this infection have been hampered by the lack of cultivation methods. we developed a sensitive and specific assay for p. carinii by utilizing dna amplification of the p. carinii dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene. by this method, p. carinii dna was detected in the lungs of rats with ... | 1992 | 1402679 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following cyclosporine a and methotrexate treated rheumatoid arthritis. | 1992 | 1404144 | |
| patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at risk for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we describe 6 cases of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. all were treated with high dose corticosteroids, and all developed the infection within 4 months of beginning new or revised cytotoxic therapy. all patients tested (5 of 6) were negative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). those patients who developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had more severe lymphocytopenia (median 595 vs 833/mm3) and received higher doses of corticoste ... | 1992 | 1404153 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii with dna amplification]. | 1992 | 1404937 | |
| [pathological examination of 11 autopsy cases of acute onset interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology]. | in 11 autopsy cases of acute onset interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology, all cases had thickening of alveolar septa with various degrees of lymphocytic infiltration and fibroblast proliferation. only a few cases had edematous alveolar septa, which were weakly positive in alcian-blue staining. intra-alveolar, intra-alveolar duct and intra-bronchiolar organization was a characteristic finding. these findings may represent the repair phase rather than the exudative phase of diffuse alveolar d ... | 1992 | 1405098 |
| primaquine-induced methemoglobinemia during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1406874 | |
| delayed recognition of human immunodeficiency virus infection in preadolescent children. | thirty-two (18%) of 181 children cared for at our institution who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) were first seen, and hiv was diagnosed, when they were 4 years of age and older. initial complaints or diagnoses for these children included the following: hematologic disorders (5) (3 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 1 neutropenia, 1 anemia); recurrent bacterial infections (10); pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (3); developmental delay (1); skin disorders (2) (1 ... | 1992 | 1408540 |
| a case of cavitating pneumonia in aids. | tuberculosis is a common cause of cavitating pneumonia in singapore. in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), cavitary pneumonias mimicking tuberculosis can mislead the clinician, delaying diagnosis, resulting in increased morbidity. we describe a hiv seropositive patient with cavitating pneumonia in whom the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was ultimately established only on bronchoscopy. | 1992 | 1411678 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--not only in aids]. | two patients with haematologic malignancies developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia while under outpatient treatment, one on busulphan for chronic myelogen leukemia, and the other on prednisone plus chlorambucil for non-hodgkin's lymphoma. the first patient was moderately ill and required hospitalization for 12 days while the second patient was critically ill and needed assisted ventilation for two weeks. eventually they both recovered and returned to work. tests for serum antibodies to the hum ... | 1992 | 1412321 |
| pentamidine isethionate is negative in tests for microbial mutagenicity and chromosomal breakage in vitro. | pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients, was assayed for mutagenicity in five strains of salmonella typhimurium and for clastogenicity and mutagen-induced chromosomal breakage in five human lymphoblastoid cell lines. the mutagenicity assay employed both repair-deficient and repair-positive strains without and with the addition of rat liver s-9. there was no indication of a mutagenic response in any of the strains of salmonella. ch ... | 1992 | 1412524 |
| the spectrum of pneumocystis carinii infection after liver transplantation in children. | we report the experience with pneumocystis carinii lung infections in the 109 children undergoing liver transplantation at our hospital between august, 1985 and may, 1989. pcp developed in 9 of the 86 patients (10%) surviving > or = 6 weeks after transplantation and not receiving p carinii chemoprophylaxis. of the 59 patients undergoing bal 2 or more weeks after transplantation there were 16 specimens from 14 patients (24%) positive for p carinii. these patients had a spectrum of illness ranging ... | 1992 | 1412753 |
| [parasitic diseases in patients with impaired immune response. clinical picture and diagnosis]. | patients with impaired immune system are frequently infected with various parasitic diseases. the clinical picture is characterized by unusual manifestations and frequently severe recurrences of infections which are not normally serious. some almost parasitic microorganisms produce symptoms exclusively in patients with impaired immune system. parasitic infections have become increasingly common with the increasing number of patients who live for prolonged periods with impaired immune systems, of ... | 1992 | 1413170 |
| [successful treatment of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with dapsone plus trimethoprim]. | standard treatments of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) consist of high dose intravenous or oral cotrimoxazole or intravenous pentamidine. both treatment modalities are associated with a high incidence of side effects which strengthen the need for alternative therapies. since april 1987 we have used the combination of dapsone plus trimethoprim (dp+tmp) as primary treatment for pcp in patients who could be managed on an outpatient basis. we report the results of an analysis of ... | 1992 | 1413818 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users: a model for primary care. | intravenous drug users (ivdus) often encounter barriers to primary care. to improve access, we developed a primary care clinic--central medical unit (cmu)--for substance abusers in drug treatment. we report outcomes for services offered to ivdus with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1992 | 1415300 |
| causes of death in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was reported to be the predominant cause of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related deaths prior to 1988, the year that effective prophylaxis against pcp entered routine use. our study was performed to study the causes of hiv-related death since january 1988 in a region where patient tracking is virtually complete. | 1992 | 1415301 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by multiple lobe, site-directed bronchoalveolar lavage with immunofluorescent monoclonal antibody staining in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine chemoprophylaxis. | the yields of both induced sputum examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) have been reported to be decreased for breakthrough episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine chemoprophylaxis. this study assessed whether the yield of a single middle or lower lobe bal could be increased by the utilization of two techniques: (1) indirect immunofluorescent staining with a combination of two murine monoclonal anti-pne ... | 1992 | 1416407 |
| effect of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis on the clinical severity and diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to determine if the use of aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis decreases the clinical severity or the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), we conducted a retrospective matched cohort comparison study of patients admitted to san francisco general hospital with pcp from august 1, 1989, to june 30, 1990. patients who had received pentamidine prophylaxis during at least the 2 months prior to the diagnosis of pcp were matched with patients who had not received the ... | 1992 | 1416408 |
| activities of antifolate, antiviral, and other drugs in an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the efficacy of antifolate, antiviral, and other drugs was compared in an experimental model of pneumocystosis. sulfamethoxazole (smx) administered alone in doses of greater than or equal to 60 mg/kg/day was highly effective in treatment and prophylaxis. low (less than or equal to 15 mg/kg/day) doses of smx showed limited, dose-related anti-pneumocystis carinii activity in therapy but were more effective in prophylaxis. the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors trimethoprim (tmp), pyrimetham ... | 1992 | 1416884 |
| treatment of experimental pneumocystosis: review of 7 years of experience and development of a new system for classifying antimicrobial drugs. | over a 7-year period, we analyzed 261 dose regimens of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunosuppressed rat model. these compounds ranged from drugs in clinical use to newly synthesized agents. drug efficacy was expressed as the magnitude of the reduction in median p. carinii cyst or nucleus counts on a scale ranging from inactive (less than 5-fold) to very markedly active (greater than or equal to 1,000-fold). the classification system ... | 1992 | 1416885 |
| antipneumocystis activity of water-soluble lipopeptide l-693,989 in rats. | water-soluble lipopeptide l-693,989 was evaluated for its antipneumocystis activity in rats. rats from colonies with latent pneumocystis carinii infections were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone for 6 weeks to facilitate the development of acute p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). after 6 weeks, the rats were maintained on dexamethasone and were treated twice daily for 4 days with various concentrations of l-693,989. at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg of body weight, the compound effectively eliminated 90% of th ... | 1992 | 1416888 |
| pneumocystis prophylaxis and survival in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with zidovudine. the zidovudine epidemiology group. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we assessed the impact of prophylaxis for pcp on survival in patients with advanced hiv disease who were treated with zidovudine. | 1992 | 1417373 |
| the spectrum of hiv-1-related disease among outpatients in new york city. | to define the spectrum of hiv-1-related disease in new york city (nyc) and to determine how the clinical spectrum of illness differs in various populations. | 1992 | 1418782 |
| karyotypes of pneumocystis carinii from korean rats. | molecular karyotyping was applied to pneumocystis carinii(pc) from two strains of experimental rats, sprague dawley(sd) and fisher(f), in korea. field inversion gel electrophoresis and contour clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis resolved 15 chromosomal bands from the pc. the size of the bands was estimated 270kb to 684kb from sd rats, and 273kb to 713 kb from f rats. the bands of 283 kb from sd rats and of 273 kb from f rats stained more brightly suggesting duplicated bands. total ... | 1992 | 1420031 |
| aerosolized pentamidine and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: patient compliance and outcomes. | the study objectives were to compare compliance between every-two-week and every-four-week aerosolized pentamidine regimens, and to determine if patients who were more compliant with the use of aerosolized pentamidine were at decreased risk for developing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1992 | 1421665 |
| adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. | to review published abstracts, case reports, and journal articles and evaluate data examining the use of systemic corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1421680 |
| immunological studies on opportunistic infection and the development of adult t-cell leukemia. | three patients with opportunistic infection preceding adult t-cell leukemia (atl) are presented: a 66-year-old woman with cryptococcosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a 46-year-old man with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a 55-year-old woman with cryptococcosis. although, at the first examination, the first two had smoldering type atl and the third case was an htlv-i carrier, all three developed overt atl 14-16 months after the onset of opportunistic infection. it is considered that th ... | 1992 | 1421724 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) can occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially aids and cancer patients. although recent research has focused on pcp in aids patients, few studies have described the clinical presentation of pcp in recipients of bone marrow transplantation (bmt). between 1976 and 1991, of 1454 bmt patients at the university of minnesota, pcp was documented in only 19. eighteen of these had not been receiving pcp prophylaxis. patients presented with a brief period (2-10 da ... | 1992 | 1422481 |
| high pentamidine levels associated with hypoglycemia and azotemia in a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report on a patient who presented with a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. intravenous pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day) was given for 14 days without the occurrence of adverse effects. during this treatment, the mean (+/- sd) serum pentamidine trough concentration was 94 +/- 16 ng/ml. three days later, the patient was admitted because of fever, and pentamidine (4 mg/kg/day) was again started. fasting hypoglycemia and azotemia then occurred; the mean serum trough pentamidine level was 190 +/- 10 ng/ml ... | 1992 | 1424505 |
| toxoplasma pneumonitis: fatal presentation of disseminated toxoplasmosis in a patient with aids. | toxoplasma gondii infection is an uncommon cause of pneumonitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we report a case of fatal pulmonary toxoplasmosis, which clinically resembled pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). conventional diagnostic methods for toxoplasmosis lack sensitivity. bronchoscopy and histological evaluation of transbronchial biopsy specimens failed to identify the infecting organism. at autopsy there was evidence of disseminated infection. | 1992 | 1426192 |
| asymptomatic subjects at hiv diagnosis have prolonged survival as aids patients. | the median aids survival for all aids patients was estimated as 11 months (95% confidence interval (cl): 8-13 months). for the group of aids patients who were asymptomatic when hiv seropositivity was established, the median aids survival was 20 months (95% cl: 13-23 months). for the group with symptomatic hiv infection or those who already had aids when hiv seropositivity was established, survival was estimated to 5 months (95% cl: 1-15 months) and 4.5 months (95% cl: 2-8 months), respectively. ... | 1992 | 1428497 |
| [hiv-1 seropositive hemophilia a complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and acute pancreatitis during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major opportunistic infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and is treated with co-trimoxazole, pentamidine and others. the severe adverse reactions, including bone marrow suppression, by these therapeutic agents often preclude their continued use. a 14-year-old male hiv-positive hemophilia a patient, who was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (dic) following acute pancreatitis during treatment for pcp, was trea ... | 1992 | 1433951 |
| strategies for prevention of infection after cardiac transplantation. | infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. most infections occur during the first few months after transplantation. although late infection does occur, the risk of infection during maintenance immunosuppression is low in the absence of recurrent rejection that necessitates augmentation of suppression of the immune response. before cardiac transplantation, the risk factors for infectious disease in potential candidates should be assessed. a detailed ... | 1992 | 1434904 |
| evidence for the existence of ganglioside molecules on pneumocystis carinii from human lungs. | this study was undertaken to assess whether glycolipid antigens (particularly gangliosides) are associated with pneumocystis carinii obtained from human lungs. gangliosides were extracted, purified in high performance thin-layer chromatography and stained with resorcinol. two resorcinol-positive bands, co-migrating with gm1 and gd1a were demonstrated, suggesting the existence of ganglioside molecules on p. carinii. no resorcinol-positive bands were revealed in the pulmonary control tissue. in ad ... | 1992 | 1437265 |
| high osmotic pressure for pneumocystis carinii london resin white embedding enables fine immunocytochemistry studies: i. golgi complex and cell-wall synthesis. | a method for embedding pneumocystis carinii in hydrophilic resin (london resin white) has been developed for immunocytochemistry studies. using high osmotic pressure (about 850 mosmol) from fixation to embedding, this method improved the preservation of the fine structure as well as the antigenicity of rabbit- and scid mouse-derived p. carinii. cytochemistry studies were performed using colloidal gold-conjugated lectins (concanavalin a, glycine max, ulex europaeus) that reacted with the cytoplas ... | 1992 | 1438133 |
| ornithine decarboxylase as an enzyme target for therapy. | interest in ornithine decarboxylase (odc) and the therapeutic effects of its inhibition with the consequent depletion of polyamine biosynthesis has been widespread since the late 1970s and 1980s. this review covers new information about the properties of odc, recent findings with odc inhibitors and a discussion of the mechanism of inactivation of odc by eflornithine. recent in vivo therapeutic approaches of odc inhibition are also discussed including: cancer and cancer chemoprevention; autoimmun ... | 1992 | 1438532 |
| [atypical radiologic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii (pc) is characterized, in most cases, by the existence of infiltrates of interstitium or bilateral interstitium-alveolar type on the thorax radiography. however atypical radiological findings associated with this type of opportunistic infection are being described more and more frequently. we present two patients with acquire immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pulmonary infection due to pc, with very unusual radiological findings. first patient showed mul ... | 1992 | 1439040 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients with neoplastic disease. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) emerged in the 1980s as the most common opportunistic infection among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). because of this, the presentation and clinical course of pcp has become well-known to many physicians. however, pcp continues to occur among patients not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, generally those who receive immunosuppressive therapy as treatment for neoplastic disease. a review from memorial sloan-kettering ... | 1992 | 1439321 |
| pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma in africa. | a study was carried out to identify the main clinical radiological and bronchoscopic features of hiv related kaposi's sarcoma of the lung in african patients. | 1992 | 1440469 |
| pneumocystis carinii as a cause of pneumonia in hiv-infected patients in lusaka, zambia. | 4 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients studied at the university of zambia medical school, lusaka, were verified by bronchoalveolar lavage. pneumocystis is common in north american aids patients, but has been considered rare in africa. one reason may be that facilities for diagnosis, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, are not usually available. 44 consecutive hiv seropositive patients who were unresponsive to a 10-day course of antibiotics, and whose sputum ... | 1992 | 1440816 |
| low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole alone and in association with zidovudine for prevention and treatment of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) alone was found to be as effective as low-dose tmp-smx plus zidovudine and standard-dose tmp-smx alone in preventing and treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in an immunosuppressed-rat model. zidovudine alone had no preventive or curative effect on pcp. we conclude that the initially reported reduced incidence of pcp in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with zidovudine alone is not due to anti-p. carinii activity of z ... | 1992 | 1444313 |
| significance of drug interactions with rifampin in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. | 1992 | 1444698 | |
| reduction of pulmonary surfactant in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we assessed qualitative and quantitative differences in surfactant lipid composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia. five normal volunteers and 27 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection underwent bal for evaluation of possible pulmonary infection. bronchoalveolar lavage studies in eight patients were negative for pc organisms, and 19 were positive. pneumocystis carinii p ... | 1992 | 1446480 |
| diagnostic value of hemosiderin-containing macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. | our objective was to determine if the hemosiderin content of bal macrophages allows us to draw any differential diagnostic conclusions in a variety of lung diseases. | 1992 | 1446490 |
| multisystem organ failure predicts mortality of icu patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to aids-related pcp. | to evaluate the ability of a variety of scoring systems to predict mortality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (icu) with acute respiratory failure (arf) secondary to aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 1992 | 1446496 |
| intravenous pentamidine-induced bronchospasm. | a 41-year-old man with aids developed a recurrence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and was treated with intravenous pentamidine. this was associated with a significant bronchospastic reaction requiring treatment with an antihistamine and an aerosolized beta-agonist therapy. to our knowledge, this is the first report of bronchospasm induced by intravenous pentamidine. | 1992 | 1446512 |
| apical pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with hiv infection. | 1992 | 1446533 | |
| elution mode of pneumocystis carinii cysts in gravitational field-flow fractionation. | the simplest field-flow fractionation technique, i.e. gravitational, was used in an attempt to purify a pneumocystis carinii cyst suspension. this parasite is an opportunistic invader in immunocompromised patients, especially those suffering from aids. the cyst stage is spherical and 5 microns in diameter. unexpected retention times, not systematically related to the size and the density of the parasite, were obtained under various experimental conditions. when silicone-coated walls were used, p ... | 1992 | 1447341 |
| a controlled trial of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. aids clinical trials group protocol 021. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) continues to be the most common index diagnosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), but it is not clear which of several available agents is the most effective in preventing a recurrence of pcp. | 1992 | 1448121 |
| [fever of unknown origin in a cohort of hiv-positive patients]. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of fever of unknown origin (fuo) in a cohort of hiv positive patients and to describe their evolution and the final diagnosis. the clinical records of 412 patients followed from january 1987 to december 1990 at our hiv outpatient clinic were reviewed: in 151 patients 255 episodes of fever had been observed of which 22 (in 21 patients) met the criteria for fuo. 19 patients (90%) presented with a cdc/who stage iv hiv infection and the mean ... | 1992 | 1448686 |
| gastrointestinal pneumocystosis in hiv-infected patients on aerosolized pentamidine: report of five cases and literature review. | extrapulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii in aids patients on aerosolized pentamidine is occurring more frequently. we report five patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal pneumocystosis while on aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis and have identified infections involving the peritoneum, liver, and transverse colon, as well as stomach and duodenum. physicians should have a high index of suspicion for extrapulmonary pneumocystosis, especially involving the gastrointestinal system, in hiv ... | 1992 | 1449138 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in untreated acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. | mixed opportunistic infection with pneumocystis carinii and candida prior to cytotoxic therapy in a young male diagnosed as having acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia resulted in early catastrophe. the role of awareness of this complication and its prompt management is discussed. | 1992 | 1452569 |
| comparative study of antipneumocystis agents in rats by using a pneumocystis carinii-specific dna probe to quantitate infection. | a repetitive genomic dna clone (b12-2) that specifically hybridizes to pneumocystis carinii dna has been identified. no cross-hybridization to genomic dna prepared from bacteria, other fungi, protozoa, or mammals was observed. clone b12-2 is multiply represented in the p. carinii genome. by direct hybridization to dna prepared from the lungs of immunosuppressed rats, the probe can detect the equivalent of fewer than 1,000 p. carinii organisms. a hybridization assay employing clone b12-2 has been ... | 1992 | 1452667 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for enumeration of pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to quantitate pneumocystis carinii organisms from culture supernatant and rat lung has been developed. a polyclonal antibody specific to p. carinii was produced in sprague-dawley rats by allowing p. carinii-infected animals to recover from infection. this antibody reacted strongly to p. carinii proteins of 50 to 55 kda and weakly to those of 33 and 116 kda. the elisa used this convalescent-phase antibody to quantitate the number of p. carinii organism ... | 1992 | 1452712 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients with aids: clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome. | to further characterize the clinical features, response to therapy, and outcome of pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in patients with aids, we retrospectively reviewed the course of choroiditis for eight patients identified from two institutions through april 1991. seven patients had prior pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and had received aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis for a median of 10 months; one patient had no prior history of pneumonia or prophylaxis. the median cd4+ lymphocyte count for ... | 1992 | 1453321 |
| variations in inpatient mortality for aids in a national sample of hospitals. | in this project, we examined the spectrum of aids-related conditions and variations in associated inpatient mortality for aids patients treated in a national sample of hospitals. we identified 10,538 adult discharges with a diagnosis indicating aids from 258 hospitals from a national sample of 438 acute-care hospitals with 6 million discharges in 1986-1987. opportunistic and other infections occurred in 55.9 and 37.9%, respectively, of aids discharges, and inpatient fatality rates varied conside ... | 1992 | 1453327 |
| equal survival rates for first, second, and third episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | second and subsequent episodes of acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are reported to have a worse prognosis than initial episodes in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. we tested the hypothesis that survival rates of first, second, and subsequent episodes of acute pcp in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are equal. | 1992 | 1456858 |
| another case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita (zinsser-cole-engman syndrome) | 1992 | 1457646 | |
| phagocytic chimeric receptors require both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains from the mannose receptor. | phagocytosis has traditionally been viewed as a specialized function of myeloid and monocytic cells. the mannose receptor (mr) is an opsonin-independent phagocytic receptor expressed on tissue macrophages. when human mr cdna is transfected into cos cells, these usually non-phagocytic cells express cell surface mr and bind and ingest mr ligands such as zymosan, yeast, and pneumocystis carinii. expression of cdna for fc gamma ri (cd64), the high-affinity fc receptor, in cos cells confers binding b ... | 1992 | 1460425 |
| [thoracic radiography in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. presentation forms and clinical course]. | we intend to determine the frequency of the different radiographic findings of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1460877 |
| [microbiology of pneumocystis carinii]. | 1992 | 1461225 | |
| [risk factors and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation]. | for six months after bone marrow transplantation (bmt) there is a risk of 5 to 15% to suffer from interstitial pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii (pcp). prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol is therefore routinely and successfully applied. however myelotoxicity, allergic reactions, augmentation of the risk of nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine a and noncompliance may be serious problems. since the prophylaxis of pcp with pentamidine-aerosol proved to be effective in patients with aids, ... | 1992 | 1461227 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a life threatening complication after kidney transplantation]. | aggressive immunosuppression in kidney transplantation increases the risk of opportunistic infections. we report ten cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a group of 420 kidney recipients (2.1%). all patients showed a severe--hyperacute--course of the infection. one patient required mechanical ventilation. in all cases the diagnosis could be established applying fibreoptic bronchoscopy with lavage and partly using transbronchial biopsy. the therapy consisted of intravenous cotrimoxazole and ... | 1992 | 1461228 |
| [pentamidine inhalation in prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in treatment of rejection with monoclonal antibody orthoclone (okt-3)]. | the use of the monoclonal antibody okt-3 (orthoclone) is associated with an increased risk of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in a retrospective study, the efficiency of a prophylactic inhalation of pentamidine during acute renal allograft rejection therapy with okt-3 was investigated. from july 1988 until october 1989 32 renal transplanted patients with acute rejection refractory to steroids had been treated with okt-3. twelve of the patients developed a pneumonia (four pneumococcus, one klebsi ... | 1992 | 1461229 |
| [pneumocystis carinii in oncologic diseases]. | 1992 | 1461230 | |
| [prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]. | to evaluate efficacy and toxicity of intermittent trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (t/s) prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) our hiv-positive patients were given t/s (160 mg, 800 mg) twice daily for 3 consecutive days per week. patients were included only if they met the cdc criteria for pcp prophylaxis, did not have intolerance to t/s, and if follow-up was 3 or more months. thirty-eight patients received primary prophylaxis (group i) for a mean period of 18.1 months and 26 patient ... | 1992 | 1461536 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants. | 1992 | 1461709 | |
| pentamidine inhalation as a prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after therapy of acute renal allograft rejection with orthoclone (okt3). | 1992 | 1465879 | |
| oral dapsone versus nebulized pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis: an open randomized prospective trial to assess efficacy and haematological toxicity. | to compare the haematological toxicity and efficacy of oral dapsone and nebulized pentamidine as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in hiv-infected patients receiving zidovudine. | 1992 | 1466849 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with radiological manifestations typical of pulmonary tuberculosis]. | 1992 | 1467411 | |
| low incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv patients receiving 300 mg pentamidine aerosol every 2 weeks. | the optimal dosage of pentamidine for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is unknown. we assessed the effects of 300 mg pentamidine inhaled every 2 weeks. salbutamol was added for prevention of bronchoconstriction. a total of 128 consecutive hiv patients were enrolled, 21 of whom were excluded within 8 weeks; the remaining 107 patients, 66 on primary and 41 on secondary prophylaxis, were treated for 39 weeks (median; range 8-133). two patients developed pcp. side effects occurred ... | 1992 | 1467635 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with adrenocorticotropic hormone treatment for infantile spasms. | 1992 | 1468469 | |
| tissue invasion by pneumocystis carinii: a possible cause of cavitary pneumonia and pneumothorax. | pulmonary cavitation and pneumothorax may complicate severe cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. both complications likely result from tissue necrosis, although how such injury occurs is unknown. to investigate mechanisms of tissue destruction in p carinii pneumonia, histochemical, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopic studies were conducted in pulmonary wedge resections or autopsy specimens from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 7) or leukemia (n = 2). tissue ... | 1992 | 1468775 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha in pediatric hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) levels in hiv-1-infected children. | 1992 | 1472332 |
| bronchial responsiveness in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | to study bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine among hiv-infected patients. | 1992 | 1472337 |
| an alternative to dna extraction for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by polymerase chain reaction using a new oligonucleotide probe. | we have used new specific primers and probe in a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by southern blot assays to detect pneumocystis carinii in human bronchoalveolar lavage samples obtained from hiv-infected patients with pulmonary symptoms. to facilitate the procedure we developed a filtration technique without dna extraction yielding a high sensitivity (18/18 positive results). the high specificity of the technique was shown by testing immunosuppressed patients without p. carinii pneumonia ... | 1992 | 1474976 |
| [occurrence of pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a patient with aids and pulmonary infection caused by pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans]. | 1992 | 1475474 | |
| the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the distribution and outcome of pneumonia in intensive care units. | to determine the frequency and distribution of pneumonia in an intensive care unit (icu), we retrospectively examined the records of 1,854 consecutive icu admissions between january 1987 and april 1990. a total of 266 patients met criteria for pneumonia (unilateral or bilateral infiltrate by chest roentgenogram, plus 2 of the following: leukocyte count > 10 x 10(9) per liter, temperature > 38.5 degrees c, or culture of blood or sputum positive for pathogens). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pa ... | 1992 | 1475945 |
| cavitating pneumocystis pneumonia in an autopsied case of adult t-cell leukemia. | cavitating necrosis is rare in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in this report, we describe an autopsy patient with adult t-cell leukemia associated with cavitating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the patient, a 61-year-old woman, died of an acute crisis of adult t-cell leukemia associated with diffuse pulmonary infection of pneumocystis carinii. postmortem examination revealed necrotic foci in both lungs, one of which, in the left lower lobe, had a central cavitation. microscopically, leukemic c ... | 1992 | 1477336 |
| the beta-tubulin gene from rat and human isolates of pneumocystis carinii. | the development of new drugs for treating pneumocystis carinii infections in aids patients is hampered by the lack of long-term culture systems, and by our generally limited knowledge of this organism. recently, however, we observed significant activity of various benzimidazoles against growth of this organism in short-term cultures. benzimidazoles inhibit microtubule polymerization; there is strong evidence that the primary target is the beta-tubulin subunit. to understand the basis for benzimi ... | 1992 | 1484490 |
| pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of the choroid. | it has been hypothesized that coinfection with mycobacteria occurs in patients with pneumocystis carinii choroiditis, but cases demonstrating ocular infection by both organisms have not been reported. this study reports the case of a patient with p. carinii choroiditis who was treated with intravenous trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, followed by intravenous trimethoprim and dapsone. the choroidal lesions failed to resolve despite 6 weeks of treatment, and the patient died from massive pulmonar ... | 1992 | 1485017 |