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detection, expression and quantitation of the biodegradative genes in antarctic microorganisms using pcr.in this study, 28 hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial isolates from oil-contaminated antarctic soils were screened for the presence of biodegradative genes such as alkane hydroxylase (alks), the ispalpha subunit of naphthalene dioxygenase (ndob), catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (c23do) and toluene/biphenyl dioxygenase (todc1/bpha1) by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods. all naphthalene degrading bacterial isolates exhibited the presence of a 648 bp amplicon that shared 97% identity to a known nd ...201020043207
degradation of 4-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol by rhodococcus imtechensis strain rkj300.a bacterial strain rhodococcus imtechensis rkj300 (= mtcc 7085(t) = jcm 13270(t)) was isolated from pesticide-contaminated soil of punjab by the enrichment technique on minimal medium containing 4-nitrophenol. strain rkj300 is capable of utilizing 4-nitrophenol, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol as sole sources of carbon and energy. the strain involved both oxidative and reductive catabolic mechanisms for initial transformation of these compounds. in the case of 2-chloro-4-nitropheno ...201020050667
ex situ bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.an innovative bioprocess method, systematic environmental molecular bioremediation technology (sembt) that combines bioaugmentation and biostimulation with a molecular monitoring microarray biochip, was developed as an integrated bioremediation technology to treat s- and t-series biopiles by using the landfarming operation and reseeding process to enhance the bioremediation efficiency. after 28 days of the bioremediation process, diesel oil (tph(c10-c28)) and fuel oil (tph(c10-c40)) were degrade ...201020053499
rhodococcus baikonurensis btm4c, a boron-tolerant actinobacterial strain isolated from soil.by screening a bacterial population from the soil in tokyo, japan, we isolated a boron-tolerant bacterium, strain btm4c. strain btm4c grew under the boron excess conditions with 100 mm boric acid, which is generally toxic to bacteria. molecular phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and physiological data showed that the strain belongs to the genus rhodococcus, and is to be identified as rhodococcus baikonurensis.201020057133
current understanding of the equine immune response to rhodococcus equi. an immunological review of r. equi pneumonia.rhodococcus equi is recognised to cause chronic purulent bronchopneumonia in foals of less than 6 months of age. virulent strains of the bacteria possess a large 80-90 kb plasmid encoding several virulence-associated proteins, including virulence-associated protein a (vapa), which is associated with disease. r. equi pneumonia can represent significant costs and wastage to the equine breeding industry, especially on stud farms where the disease is endemic. this article reviews knowledge of the eq ...201020064668
distribution of the 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene and isoprenoid production in marine-derived actinobacteria.during the course of our screening program to isolate isoprenoids from marine actinobacteria, 523 actinobacterial strains were isolated from 18 marine sponges, a tunicate, and two marine sediments. these strains belonged to 21 different genera, but most were members of streptomyces, nocardia, rhodococcus, and micromonospora. some actinobacteria have been reported to use the mevalonate pathway for the production of isoprenoids as secondary metabolites. therefore, we investigated whether these str ...201020067528
pegylation of bacterial cocaine esterase for protection against protease digestion and immunogenicity.enhancing cocaine metabolism by administration of cocaine esterase (coce) has been considered as a promising treatment strategy for cocaine overdose and addiction, as coce is the most efficient native enzyme yet identified for metabolizing the naturally occurring cocaine. a major obstacle to the clinical application of coce, however, lies in its thermo-instability, rapid degradation by circulating proteases, and potential immunogenicity. pegylation, namely by modifying a protein or peptide compo ...201019857534
genetic diversity of phthalic acid esters-degrading bacteria isolated from different geographical regions of china.thirty-two strains of phthalic acid ester (paes)-degrading bacteria were isolated from thirteen geographically diverse sites by enrichment using mixtures of paes as the sole source of carbon and energy. sequence analyses of the 16s rrna gene indicated that these isolates were from six genera (arthrobacter, gordonia, rhodococcus, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, and delftia). to evaluate the genetic diversity among them, the molecular typing method rep-pcr with primers based on enterobacterial repetit ...201019866373
in vivo 31p and 13c nmr investigations of rhodococcus rhodochrous metabolism and behaviour during biotransformation processes.the strain rhodococcus rhodochrous obt18 was isolated from a water treatment plant used to decontaminate industrial effluents containing benzothiazole derivatives. aims of the work are to study the central metabolism of this strain and more specifically its behaviour during biodegradation of 2-aminobenzothiazole.201019878365
aromatic hydroxylation of indan by o-xylene-degrading rhodococcus sp. strain dk17.the metabolically versatile rhodococcus sp. strain dk17 utilizes indan as a growth substrate via the o-xylene pathway. metabolite and reverse transcription-pcr analyses indicate that o-xylene dioxygenase hydroxylates indan at the 4,5 position of the aromatic moiety to form cis-indan-4,5-dihydrodiol, which is dehydrogenated to 4,5-indandiol by a dehydrogenase. 4,5-indandiol undergoes ring cleavage by a meta-cleavage dioxygenase.201019880642
7-ketocholesterol catabolism by rhodococcus jostii rha1.oxysterols from steroid autooxidation have numerous harmful effects, but their biodegradation is poorly understood. microarrays were used to study mineralization of the most common oxysterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7kc), by rhodococcus jostii rha1. growth on 7kc versus growth on cholesterol resulted in 363 differentially expressed genes, including upregulation of two large gene clusters putatively encoding steroid catabolism. despite this difference, 7kc degradation required key genes involved in ch ...201019880645
a positively charged amino acid at position 129 in nitrilase from rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 33278 is an essential residue for the activity with meta-substituted benzonitriles.a positively charged amino acid (arg, lys, or his) at position 129 in rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 33278 nitrilase is essential for the activity of aromatic nitriles. the wild-type enzyme containing arg129 was active only for meta- and para-substituted benzonitriles with a methyl or amino group, but the r129k and r129h mutant enzymes were active only for meta-substituted benzonitriles. the lack of activity of the mutants for para-substituted benzonitriles may be attributable to steric hindrance ...201019903476
identification of different alkane hydroxylase systems in rhodococcus ruber strain sp2b, an hexane-degrading actinomycete.to investigate the alkane-hydroxylating system of isolate sp2b, closely related to rhodococcus ruber dsm 43338(t) and uncharacterized so far for its alkane degradation genes.201019912429
biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene by a newly isolated rhodococcus erythropolis strain.a new dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurizing bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated soils in iran. hplc analysis and pcr-based detection of the presence of the dbt desulfurization genes (dsza, dszb and dszc) indicate that this strain converts dbt to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-hbp) via the 4s pathway. the strain, identified as rhodococcus erythropolis sht87, can utilize dbt, dibenzothiophene sulfone, thiophene, 2-methylthiophene and dimethylsulfoxide as a sole sulfur source for growth at 30 degrees ...201019819129
cloning, purification and characterization of two components of phenol hydroxylase from rhodococcus erythropolis upv-1.phenol hydroxylase that catalyzes the conversion of phenol to catechol in rhodococcus erythropolis upv-1 was identified as a two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase. the two proteins are encoded by the genes phea1 and phea2, located very closely in the genome. the sequenced phea1 gene was composed of 1,629 bp encoding a protein of 542 amino acids, whereas the phea2 gene consisted of 570 bp encoding a protein of 189 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes showed high homo ...201019787347
biodegradation of the xenobiotic organic disulphide 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid by rhodococcus erythropolis strain mi2 and comparison with the microbial utilization of 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid.application of the non-toxic 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid (tdp) and 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (dtdp) as precursors for the microbial production of polythioesters (ptes), a class of biologically persistent biopolymers containing sulphur in the backbone, was successfully established previously. however, synthesis of ptes containing 4-mercaptobutyrate (4mb) as building blocks could not be achieved. the very harmful 4mb is not used as a pte precursor or as the carbon source for growth by any known st ...201019959574
immunity-related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with rhodococcus equi infection in foals.in previous work, we found significant associations of horse polymorphic microsatellite and immunity-related (ir) gene markers with rhodococcus equi infection of foals. here, a statistically significant association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) within the interleukin 7 receptor-encoding gene (il7r) with high r. equi burden in transtracheal aspirates was found (fisher's f = 0.043, odds ratio: 8.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.127-56.795). further positional and/or functional candi ...201020002811
isolation of alkane-degrading bacteria from deep-sea mediterranean sediments.to isolate and identify alkane-degrading bacteria from deep-sea superficial sediments sampled at a north-western mediterranean station.201019943883
structure and characterization of amidase from rhodococcus sp. n-771: insight into the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition.in this study, we have structurally characterized the amidase of a nitrile-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus sp. n-771 (rhamidase). rhamidase belongs to amidase signature (as) family, a group of amidase families, and is responsible for the degradation of amides produced from nitriles by nitrile hydratase. recombinant rhamidase exists as a dimer of about 107 kda. rhamidase can hydrolyze acetamide, propionamide, acrylamide and benzamide with kcat/km values of 1.14+/-0.23 mm(-1)s(-1), 4.54+/-0.09 mm ...201019819352
degradation of hexane and other recalcitrant hydrocarbons by a novel isolate, rhodococcus sp. eh831.hexane, a representative voc, is used as a solvent for extraction and as an ingredient in gasoline. the degradation of hexane by bacteria is relatively slow due to its low solubility. moreover, the biodegradation pathway of hexane under aerobic conditions remains to be investigated; therefore, a study relating to aerobic biodegradation mechanisms is required. consequently, in this study, an effective hexane degrader was isolated and the biodegradation pathway examined for the first time. in addi ...201019756804
primary retroperitoneal abscesses due to rhodococcus equi in a patient with severe nephrotic syndrome: successful antibiotic treatment with linezolid and tigecycline.we present a case of rhodococcus equi primary retroperitoneal abscesses without pulmonary involvement in an immunocompromised patient with severe nephrotic syndrome. no risk factors for exposure to r. equi were present. the infection was successfully treated with long-term combination antibiotic treatment including linezolid and tigecycline.201019758832
bacteria with dual resistance to elevated concentrations of heavy metals and antibiotics in nigerian contaminated systems.samples of soil, water, and sediments from industrial estates in lagos were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and physicochemical composition. bacteria that are resistant to elevated concentrations of metals (cd(2+), co(2+), ni(2+), cr(6+), and hg(2+)) were isolated from the samples, and they were further screened for antibiotic sensitivity. the minimum tolerance concentrations (mtcs) of the isolates with dual resistance to the metals were determined. the physicochemistry of all the sample ...201019688604
rhodococcus jialingiae sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sludge of a carbendazim wastewater treatment facility.a novel carbendazim-degrading actinobacterium, designated djl-6-2(t), was isolated from the sludge of a carbendazim wastewater treatment facility in jiangsu province, china. the morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the isolate were typical of members of the genus rhodococcus. strain djl-6-2(t) formed a coherent cluster with rhodococcus qingshengii djl-6(t), rhodococcus baikonurensis dsm 44587(t), rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 43066(t) and rhodococcus globerulus dsm 43954(t) in 16s rrna ...201019651732
sequence analysis and heterologous expression of a new cytochrome p450 monooxygenase from rhodococcus sp. for asymmetric sulfoxidation.in this study, a 3.7-kb dna fragment was cloned from rhodococcus sp. ecu0066, and the sequence was analyzed. it was revealed that the largest one (2,361 bp) of this gene fragment encodes a protein consisting of 787 amino acids, with 73% identity to p450rhf (accession number af45924) from rhodococcus sp. ncimb 9784. the gene of this new p450 monooxygenase (named as p450smo) was successfully expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3), and the enzyme was also purified and characterized. in the presen ...201019633839
effects of inoculum size on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of foals experimentally infected with rhodococcus equi: a pilot study.the objective of this pilot study was to compare the cytokine profile as well as cell-mediated and antibody responses of foals infected with a low inoculum of virulent rhodococcus equi resulting in subclinical pneumonia to that of foals infected with a high inoculum resulting in severe clinical pneumonia. the mean (+/-sd) ratio of post-infection to pre-infection anti-r. equi igg(t) concentration was significantly (p=0.002) higher in foals infected with the high inoculum (195+/-145; range 62-328) ...201019720402
identification of nitrile hydratase-producing rhodococcus ruber th and characterization of an amie-negative mutant.microbial transformation of acrylonitrile to acrylamide by nitrile hydratase is of great interest to green chemistry. during the transformation, acrylic acid is generally accumulated as a by-product through biocatalysis of amidase. a novel strain with high nitrile hydratase activity was isolated from soil and identified as rhodococcus ruber th by morphology and 16s rrna gene analysis. an amidase-negative recombinant, r. ruber th3 was constructed. its nitrile hydratase activity was 25% higher tha ...201019720524
viability of rhodococcus equi and parascaris equorum eggs exposed to high temperatures.there is great concern about the potential pathogen contamination of horse manure compost spread in the same fields horses graze in. to ensure that pathogen destruction occurs, temperatures need to be sufficiently high during composting. here, we investigated the survival rate of two marker organisms, rhodococcus equi and parascaris equorum eggs, exposed to temperatures potentially encountered during horse manure composting. our results show that the time required to achieve a 1 log10 reduction ...201019727941
biotransformation of beta-myrcene to geraniol by a strain of rhodococcus erythropolis isolated by selective enrichment from hop plants.the biocatalytic generation of high-value chemicals from abundant, cheap and renewable feedstocks is an area of great contemporary interest. a strain of rhodococcus erythropolis designated mlt1 was isolated by selective enrichment from the soil surrounding hop plants, using the abundant triene beta-myrcene from hops as a sole carbon source for growth. resting cells of the organism were challenged with beta-myrcene, and the major product of biotransformation was determined by mass spectrometric a ...201019707757
cloning and functional expression of a nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus equi tg328-2 in escherichia coli, its purification and biochemical characterisation.the nitrile hydratase (nhase, ec 4.2.1.84) genes (alpha and beta subunit) and the corresponding activator gene from rhodococcus equi tg328-2 were cloned and sequenced. this fe-type nhase consists of 209 amino acids (alpha subunit, m(r) 23 kda) and 218 amino acids (beta subunit, m(r) 24 kda) and the nhase activator of 413 amino acids (m(r) 46 kda). various combinations of promoter, nhase and activator genes were constructed to produce active nhase enzyme recombinantly in e. coli. the maximum enzy ...201019662400
degradation of selected (bio-)surfactants by bacterial cultures monitored by calorimetric methods.the subjects of the article are investigations concerning the ability of both rhodococcus opacus 1cp and mixed bacterial cultures to use selected surfactants as sole carbon and energy source. in a comparative manner the biosurfactants rhamnolipid, sophorolipid and trehalose tetraester, and the synthetic surfactant tween 80 were examined. particular emphasis was put on a combinatorial approach to determine quantitatively the degree of surfactant degradation by applying calorimetry, thermodynamic ...201019714474
abundance and community of snow bacteria from three glaciers in the tibetan plateau.bacterial abundance and diversity in snow of east rongbuk, laohugou and hailuogou glaciers on the tibetan plateau were investigated through epifluorescence microscope and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. cell abundance ranged from 4.0 x 10(3) to 290.2 x 10(3) cells/ml. the phylogenetic trees placed the 16s rrna sequences in four major groups: proteobacteria, firmicutes, actinobacteria and bacteroidetes. brevundimonas, flavobacterium, hymenobacter, bacillus, polaromonas, rhodoferax and st ...201021174974
functional characterization of a gene cluster involved in gentisate catabolism in rhodococcus sp. strain ncimb 12038.rhodococcus sp. strain ncimb 12038 utilizes naphthalene as a sole source of carbon and energy, and degrades naphthalene via salicylate and gentisate. to identify the genes involved in this pathway, we cloned and sequenced a 12-kb dna fragment containing a gentisate catabolic gene cluster. among the 13 complete open reading frames deduced from this fragment, three (narikl) have been shown to encode the enzymes involved in the reactions of gentisate catabolism. nari is gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase wh ...201021181154
flux-based analysis of sulfur metabolism in desulfurizing strains of rhodococcus erythropolis.rhodococcus erythropolis has been studied widely for potential applications in biodesulfurization. previous works have been largely experimental with an emphasis on the characterization and genetic engineering of desulfurizing strains for improved biocatalysis. a systems modeling approach that can complement these experimental efforts by providing useful insights into the complex interactions of desulfurization reactions with various other metabolic activities is absent in the literature. in thi ...201021182538
microorganisms form exocellular structures, trophosomes, to facilitate biodegradation of oil in aqueous media.cytochemical staining and microscopy were used to study the trophic structures and cellular morphotypes that are produced during the colonization of oil-water interfaces by oil-degrading yeasts and bacteria. among the microorganisms studied here, the yeasts (schwanniomyces occidentalis, torulopsis candida, candida tropicalis, candida lipolytica, candida maltosa, candida paralipolytica) and two representative bacteria (rhodococcus sp. and pseudomonas putida) produced exocellular structures compos ...201021182540
analyses of both the alkb gene transcriptional start site and alkb promoter-inducing properties of rhodococcus sp. strain bcp1 grown on n-alkanes.rhodococcus sp. strain bcp1, known for its capacity to grow on short-chain n-alkanes (c(2) to c(7)) and to cometabolize chlorinated solvents, was found to also utilize medium- and long-chain n-alkanes (c(12) to c(24)) as energy and carbon sources. to examine this feature in detail, a chromosomal region which includes the alkb gene cluster encoding a non-heme di-iron monooxygenase (alkb), two rubredoxins, and one rubredoxin reductase was cloned from the bcp1 genome. furthermore, the activity of t ...201021193665
[growth peculiarities of hydrocarbon-oxidizing rhodococcus and pseudomonads dissociates in mono- and mixed cultures].growth of r-, s-, and m-dissociates of rhodococcus rubropertinctus in mixed culture with r-, s-, and m-dissociates of rhodococcus aeruginosa in comparison with rhodococcus monoculture cultivated on mineral nutrient medium with hexadecane has been studied. the amount of cells in the stationary growth phase has increased 10-15 times in comparison with the monoculture, and pseudomonads which dominated in population, in associations of m-dissociate of r. rubropertinctus with any dissociate of r. aer ...201021061599
glycogenformation by rhodococcus species and the effect of inhibition of lipid biosynthesis on glycogen accumulation in rhodococcus opacus pd630.members of the genus rhodococcus were investigated for their ability to produce glycogen during cultivation on gluconate or glucose. strains belonging to rhodococcus ruber, rhodococcus opacus, rhodococcus fascians, rhodococcus erythropolis and rhodococcus equi were able to produce glycogen up to 0.2–5.6% of cellular dry weight (cdw). the glycogen content varied from 0.8% to 3.2% of cdw in cells of r. opacus pd630, which is a well-known oleaginous bacterium, during the exponential growth phase, w ...201021069909
a new acylamidase from rhodococcus erythropolis ta37 can hydrolyze n-substituted amides.a new acylamidase was isolated from rhodococcus erythropolis ta37 and characterized. n-substituted acrylamides (isopropyl acrylamide, n,n-dimethyl-aminopropyl acrylamide, and methylene-bis-acrylamide), acid para-nitroanilides (4'-nitroacetanilide, gly-pna, ala-pna, leu-pna), and n-acetyl derivatives of glycine, alanine, and leucine are good substrates for this enzyme. aliphatic amides (acetamide, acrylamide, isobutyramide, n-butyramide, and valeramide) are also used as substrates but with less e ...201021073421
subcellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 induce protective immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibrio anguillarum.the efficacy of cellular components of probiotics kocuria sm1 and rhodococcus sm2 to protect rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) against vibriosis was assessed. groups of fish (average weight = 10-15 g) were immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.1 ml of subcellular materials, i.e., 0.2 ± 0.05 mg protein per fish, comprising extracellular proteins (ecps), cell wall proteins (cwps) and whole cell proteins (wcps) of sm1 and sm2, respectively, or with 0.1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline ...201021078398
genomic and functional analyses of rhodococcus equi phages reqipepy6, reqipoco6, reqipine5, and reqidocb7.the isolation and results of genomic and functional analyses of rhodococcus equi phages reqipepy6, reqidocb7, reqipine5, and reqipoco6 (hereafter referred to as pepy6, docb7, pine5, and poco6, respectively) are reported. two phages, pepy6 and poco6, more than 75% identical, exhibited genome organization and protein sequence likeness to lactococcus lactis phage 1706 and clostridial prophage elements. an unusually high fraction, 27%, of pepy6 and poco6 proteins were predicted to possess at least o ...201021097585
mycolic acid-containing bacteria induce natural-product biosynthesis in streptomyces species.natural products produced by microorganisms are important starting compounds for drug discovery. secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, have been isolated from different streptomyces species. the production of these metabolites depends on the culture conditions. therefore, the development of a new culture method can facilitate the discovery of new natural products. here, we show that mycolic acid-containing bacteria can influence the biosynthesis of cryptic natural products in streptomyce ...201021097597
biodegradation of rdx and mnx with rhodococcus sp. strain dn22: new insights into the degradation pathway.previously we demonstrated that rhodococcus sp. strain dn22 can degrade rdx (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) aerobically via initial denitration. the present study describes the role of oxygen and water in the key denitration step leading to rdx decomposition using (18)o(2) and h(2)(18)o labeling experiments. we also investigated degradation of mnx (hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine) with dn22 under similar conditions. dn22 degraded rdx and mnx giving no(2)(-), no(3)(-), nd ...201021105645
expression, purification and functional characterization of a recombinant 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous.a 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (2,3-dhbp) dioxygenase gene from a rhodococcus sp. strain, named rrbphci and involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), was synthesized. rrbphci was expressed in escherichia coli and its encoded enzyme was purified. sds-page analysis indicated that the size of the protein encoded by rrbphci was about 32 kda. the activity of the 2,3-dhbp dioxygenase was 82.8 u/mg when the substrate was 2,3-dhbp, with optimum ph 8.0 at 30°c, and optimum temperature was ...201021113668
inaugural structure from the duf3349 superfamily of proteins, mycobacterium tuberculosis rv0543c.the first structure for a member of the duf3349 (pf11829) family of proteins, rv0543c from mycobacterium tuberculosis, has been determined using nmr-based methods and some of its biophysical properties characterized. rv0543c is a 100 residue, 11.3 kda protein that both size exclusion chromatography and nmr spectroscopy show to be a monomer in solution. the structure of the protein consists of a bundle of five α-helices, α1 (m1-y16), α2 (p21-c33), α3 (s37-g52), α4 (g58-h65) and α5 (s72-g87), held ...201021144816
directed evolution of an aminoalcohol dehydrogenase for efficient production of double chiral aminoalcohols.the aminoalcohol dehydrogenase (aadh) of rhodococcus erythropolis mak154, which can be used as a catalyst for the stereoselective reduction of (s)-1-phenyl-1-keto-2-methylaminopropane to d-pseudoephedrine (dpe), is inhibited by the accumulation of dpe in the reaction mixture, limiting the yield of dpe. to improve this weak point of the enzyme, random mutations were introduced into aadh, and a mutant enzyme library was constructed. the mutant library was screened with a color detectable high-thro ...201021163696
modulation of cytokine secretion and oxidative metabolism of innate immune effectors by rhodococcus biosurfactant.the glycolipid biosurfactant complex from rhodococcus ruber iegm 231 had a stimulatory effect on the production of il-12, il-18, and reactive oxygen species by cells of the innate immunity. this effect depended on the composition of cell cultures and presence of lps. it was primarily observed in non-stimulated cultures. the glycolipid biosurfactant complex had little effect on il-10 secretion by monocytes and mononuclear cells.201021165433
[spectrum of primary immunodeficiencies in a tertiary hospital over a period of 10 years].more than 200 primary immunodeficiencies (pid) have been described and about 60% present during childhood. early diagnosis and treatment have been shown to improve patient outcome.201021168377
[diversity of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from non-saline soil collected from xiaoxi national natural reserve, hunan province].to investigate the diversity of cultivable halophilic and halotolerant bacteria isolated from ordinary non-saline soil samples collected from xiaoxi national natural reserve (28 degrees 42' 15"-28 degrees 53' 15" n, 110 degrees 6' 50"-110 degrees 21' 35" e), hunan province, china.201021268889
[purification and characterization of a ph-stable and thermostable biphenyl hydrolase from rhodococcus sp. r04].biphenyl hydrolase (bphd) is an enzyme of the biphenyl biodegradation pathway in rhodococcus sp. r04. expression, purification and properties of bphd, together with chemical modification were investigated.201021365917
a successful bacterial coup d'état: how rhodococcus fascians redirects plant development.rhodococcus fascians is a gram-positive phytopathogen that induces differentiated galls, known as leafy galls, on a wide variety of plants employing virulence genes located on a linear plasmid. the pathogenic strategy consists in the production of a mixture of six synergistically acting cytokinins that overwhelm the plant's homeostatic mechanisms, ensuring the activation of a signaling cascade that targets the plant cell cycle and directs the newly formed cells to differentiate into shoot merist ...201021495844
enzymes responsible for the conversion of n alpha-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-d-lysine to n alpha-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-d-aminoadipic acid by rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1.the enzymes responsible for the conversion of n(alpha)-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-d-lysine (n(alpha)-z-d-lysine) to n(alpha)-z-d-aminoadipic acid (n(alpha)-z-d-aaa) by rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1 were identified. n(alpha)-z-d-lysine was first converted to n(alpha)-z-d-aminoadipic delta-semialdehyde (n(alpha)-z-d-aasa) by d-specific amino acid deaminase, whereas n(alpha)-z-l-lysine was converted to n(alpha)-z-l-aasa by l-specific amino acid oxidase. the resulting n(alpha)-z-d-aasa was then converted to ...201020564569
development of novel assays for lignin degradation: comparative analysis of bacterial and fungal lignin degraders.two spectrophotometric assays have been developed to monitor breakdown of the lignin component of plant lignocellulose: a continuous fluorescent assay involving fluorescently modified lignin, and a uv-vis assay involving chemically nitrated lignin. these assays have been used to analyse lignin degradation activity in bacterial and fungal lignin degraders, and to identify additional soil bacteria that show activity for lignin degradation. two soil bacteria known to act as aromatic degraders, pseu ...201020567767
identities of epilithic hydrocarbon-utilizing diazotrophic bacteria from the arabian gulf coasts, and their potential for oil bioremediation without nitrogen supplementation.gravel particles from four sites along the arabian gulf coast in autumn, winter, and spring were naturally colonized with microbial consortia containing between 7 and 400 × 10(2) cm(-2) of cultivable oil-utilizing bacteria. the 16s rrna gene sequences of 70 representatives of oil-utilizing bacteria revealed that they were predominantly affiliated with the gammaproteobacteria and the actinobacteria. the gammaproteobacteria comprised among others, the genera pseudomonas, pseudoalteromonas, shewane ...201020567813
generation of mutant of rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34 through chemical mutagenesis for hyperproduction of nitrile hydratase.rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34 has been reported to produce nitrile hydratase enzyme that converts 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide. a mutant of r. rhodochrous pa-34 was generated through chemical mutagenesis using n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (mnng) that exhibited 2 times higher nitrile hydratase activity as compared to wild strain. the reaction conditions using resting cells of this mutant strain for the conversion of nicotinamide were optimized. under the optimized reaction conditions th ...201020587386
determination of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in rhodococcus equi isolates and treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of r equi.to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to macrolide antimicrobials or rifampin in rhodococcus equi isolates and to describe treatment outcome in foals infected with antimicrobial-resistant isolates of r equi.201020590498
two new aurachins from rhodococcus sp. acta 2259. 201020606696
cyanobactericidal effect of rhodococcus sp. isolated from eutrophic lake on microcystis sp.a bacterium, which was observed in all cultivations of microcystis sp., was isolated and designated as rhodococcus sp. kwr2. the growth of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, including four strains of microcystis aeruginosa and anabaena variabilis, was suppressed by up to 75-88% by 2% (v/v) culture broth of kwr2 after 5 days. but kwr2 did not inhibit eukaryotic algae, chlorella vulgaris and scenedesmus sp. an extracellular algicidal substance produced by kwr2 showed a cyanobactericidal activity of 94% ...201020640876
chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of lantana camara, ageratum houstonianum and eupatorium adenophorum.essential oils have applications in folk medicine, food preservation, and as feed additives. the essential oils of lantana camara linn. (verbenaceae), ageratum houstonianum mill. (asteraceae) and eupatorium adenophorum spreng. (asteraceae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gcms). in l. camara oil, of the total identified (83.91%) volatile constituents, five constituents [3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene (28.86%), beta-caryophyllene (12.28%), zingiberene (7.63%), gamma-cu ...201020645797
pharmacokinetics of an orally administered methylcellulose formulation of gallium maltolate in neonatal foals.gallium is a trivalent semi-metal with anti-microbial effects because of its incorporation into crucial iron-dependent reproductive enzyme systems. gallium maltolate (gam) provides significant gallium bioavailability to people and mice following oral administration and to neonatal foals following intragastric administration. to study the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of gam against rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals, we developed a methylcellulose formulation of gam (gam-mcf) for oral ad ...201020646200
disposition of oral telithromycin in foals and in vitro activity of the drug against macrolide-susceptible and macrolide-resistant rhodococcus equi isolates.the objectives of this study were to determine the serum and pulmonary disposition of telithromycin in foals and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of telithromycin against macrolide-susceptible and macrolide-resistant rhodococcus equi isolates. a single dose of telithromycin (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to six healthy 6-10-week-old foals by the intragastric route. activity of telithromycin was measured in serum, pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (pelf), and br ...201020646201
microaerophilic degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by three rhodococcus strains.the goal of this study was to compare the degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) by three rhodococcus strains under anaerobic, microaerophilic (<0.04 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen) and aerobic (dissolved oxygen (do) maintained at 8 mg l(-1)) conditions.201020666987
stya1 and stya2b from rhodococcus opacus 1cp: a multifunctional styrene monooxygenase system.two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases are emerging biocatalysts that generally consist of a monooxygenase and a reductase component. here we show that rhodococcus opacus 1cp encodes a multifunctional enantioselective flavoprotein monooxygenase system composed of a single styrene monooxygenase (smo) (stya1) and another styrene monooxygenase fused to an nadh-flavin oxidoreductase (stya2b). stya1 and stya2b convert styrene and chemical analogues to the corresponding epoxides at the expense of f ...201020675468
structural insights into substrate specificity and solvent tolerance in alcohol dehydrogenase adh-'a' from rhodococcus ruber dsm 44541.the structure of the alcohol dehydrogenase adh-'a' from rhodococcus ruber reveals possible reasons for its remarkable tolerance to organic co-solvents and suggests new directions for structure-informed mutagenesis to produce enzymes of altered substrate specificity or improved selectivity.201020676439
extracellular cholesterol oxidase from rhodococcus sp.: isolation and molecular characterization.cholesterol oxidase (cho) has various clinical and industrial applications. recently, microbial cho have received a great attention for their wide usage in medicine. here, taxonomic characterizations of isolated strain from soil, optimization of the conditions for cho production and biochemical characterizations of produced cho enzyme were described. finally, cho gene was cloned into a cloning vector.201020683498
rhodococcus fascians impacts plant development through the dynamic fas-mediated production of a cytokinin mix.the phytopathogenic actinomycete rhodococcus fascians d188 relies mainly on the linear plasmid-encoded fas operon for its virulence. the bacteria secrete six cytokinin bases that synergistically redirect the developmental program of the plant to stimulate proliferation of young shoot tissue, thus establishing a leafy gall as a niche. a yeast-based cytokinin bioassay combined with cytokinin profiling of bacterial mutants revealed that the fas operon is essential for the enhanced production of iso ...201020687806
biodegradation of diesel by mixed bacteria immobilized onto a hybrid support of peat moss and additives: a batch experiment.we report microbial cell immobilization onto a hybrid support of peat moss for diesel biodegradation. three strains isolated from a site contaminated with diesel oil were used in this study: acinetobacter sp., gordonia sp., and rhodococcus sp. to increase not only diesel adsorption but also diesel biodegradation, additives such as zeolite, bentonite, chitosan, and alginate were tested. in this study, a peat moss, bentonite, and alginate (2/2.9/0.1 g, w/w/w) hybrid support (pba) was the best supp ...201020691535
mechanism of boron tolerance in soil bacteria.boron (b) is toxic to living cells at levels above a certain threshold. we isolated several b-tolerant bacterial strains from soil samples and studied them for possible mechanisms of b tolerance. 16s rrna gene sequencing and comparative phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolates belong to the following 6 genera: arthrobacter, rhodococcus, lysinibacillus, algoriphagus, gracilibacillus, and bacillus. these isolates exhibited b-tolerance levels of 80, 100, 150, 300, 450, and 450 mmol/l, r ...201020130690
biosurfactant production by halotolerant rhodococcus fascians from casey station, wilkes land, antarctica.isolate a-3 from antarctic soil in casey station, wilkes land, was characterized for growth on hydrocarbons. use of glucose or kerosene as a sole carbon source in the culture medium favoured biosynthesis of surfactant which, by thin-layer chromatography, indicated the formation of a rhamnose-containing glycolipid. this compound lowered the surface tension at the air/water interface to 27 mn/m as well as inhibited the growth of b. subtilis atcc 6633 and exhibited hemolytic activity. a highly hydr ...201020135319
successful treatment of rhodococcus equi pneumonia in an adult horse. 201020136716
rp-hplc/ms-apci analysis of odd-chain tags from rhodococcus erythropolis including some regioisomers.we used reversed phase liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/ms-apci) for direct analysis of triacylglycerols (tags) from four different cultivations of rhodococcus erythropolis ccm 2595. this technique enabled us to identify and quantify the specific molecular species of tags directly from lipid extracts of the bacterium, including the determination of their basic characteristics such as retention time and mass spectra. a total of 17 tags havi ...201020138031
characterization of indigenous rhodococcus sp. 602, a strain able to accumulate triacylglycerides from naphthyl compounds under nitrogen-starved conditions.an indigenous bacterium (strain 602) isolated in this study from a polluted soil sample collected in patagonia (argentina) was investigated in relation to its metabolic responses under unbalanced growth conditions. this strain was identified as rhodococcus sp. by molecular analyses. strain 602 showed the ability to degrade a wide range of compounds and to synthesize triacylglycerols under nitrogen-limiting conditions. cells were also able to accumulate triacylglycerols during cultivation on naph ...201020144706
[infection due to rhodococcus equi in hiv infected patients: four cases].incidence of rhodococcus equi (r. equi) infection is increasing parallel to a greater prevalence of immunosupressed patients. this study aims to describe clinico-epidemiological characteristics of r. equi infections in a single hospital.201020144792
hemolytic activity of a bacterial trehalose lipid biosurfactant produced by rhodococcus sp.: evidence for a colloid-osmotic mechanism.a succinoyl trehalose lipid produced by rhodococcus sp. behaves as a biological surfactant and also displays various interesting biological activities. trehalose lipid has been shown to have a great tendency to partition into phospholipid membranes; therefore, the characterization of its interaction with biological membranes is of central importance. in this work, human red blood cells have been used as an experimental model. trehalose lipid causes the swelling of human erythrocytes followed by ...201020146489
new vector system for random, single-step integration of multiple copies of dna into the rhodococcus genome.we designed a new vector system for creating a random mutant library with multiple integrations of dna fragments into the rhodococcus genome in a single step. for this, we cotransformed two vectors into rhodococcus by electroporation: ptip-istab-sacb regulates the expression of the transposase (ista) and its helper protein (istb) under the influence of a thiostrepton-inducible promoter, and prtsk-sacb provides the transposable-marker dna. both are multicopy vectors that are stable in the host ce ...201020154109
cholesterol utilization in mycobacteria is controlled by two tetr-type transcriptional regulators: kstr and kstr2.mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to use a variety of carbon sources in vivo and current knowledge suggests that cholesterol is used as a carbon source during infection. the catabolized cholesterol is used both as an energy source (atp generation) and as a source of precursor molecules for the synthesis of complex methyl-branched fatty acids. in previous studies, we described a tetr-type transcriptional repressor, kstr, that controls the expression of a number of genes involved in cholesterol c ...201020167624
infectious endocarditis caused by rhodococcus equi.rhodococcus equi is an unusual cause of infection. furthermore, this infection also tends to be typically described in immunocompromised patients. this report describes a 25-year-old previously healthy man with infectious endocarditis that was found to have been caused by r equi complicated by a subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm. the patient was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy, followed by a resection of the superior mesenteric art ...201020172165
evaluation of the biocompatibile ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite pretreatment of corn cob for improved saccharification.ionic liquid (il) pretreatment of lignocellulose materials is a promising process in biomass conversion to renewable biofuel. more in-depth research involving environment-friendly il is much needed to explore pretreatment green route. in our case, il 1-methyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphite ([mmim]dmp) was chosen as an environment-friendly solvent to pretreat corn cob in view of its biocompatibility with both lignocellulose solubility and cellulase activity. the pretreatment/saccharificati ...201020182710
paternal uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 6 causing a complex syndrome including complete ifn-gamma receptor 1 deficiency.mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (msmd) is a rare primary immunodeficiency associated with clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species. interferon gamma receptor 1 (ifn-gammar1) deficiency is a genetic etiology of msmd. we describe the clinical and genetic features of a 7-year-old italian boy suffering from msmd associated with a complex phenotype, including neonatal hyperglycemia, neuromuscular disease, and dysmorphic features. the child also developed necr ...201020186794
immunochemical studies of trehalose-containing major glycolipid from tsukamurella pulmonis.the chemical structure of the major glycolipid present in the chloroform-methanol extract of bacterial biomass of tsukamurella pulmonis is reported. this compound was purified by tlc and hplc. the sugar analysis revealed only glucose. detailed chemical analyses, nmr, and maldi ft-icr-mass spectrometric studies identified 2,3-di-o-acyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->1)-alpha-d-glucopyranose as the final structure. short branched fatty acids (4:0 or 5:0) were linked to c-3 and saturated, mono, and di ...201020510396
crystal structure of bovine cd1b3 with endogenously bound ligands.the cd1 family of ag-presenting molecules is able to display lipids to t cells by binding them within a hydrophobic groove connected to the protein surface. in particular, the cd1b isotype is capable of binding ligands with greatly varying alkyl chain lengths through a complex network of interconnected hydrophobic pockets. interestingly, mycobacterial lipids such as glucose monomycolate exclusively bind to cd1b. we determined the crystal structure of one of the three expressed bovine cd1b protei ...201020519644
polyphasic analysis of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere and roots of cyperus rotundus l. grown in a petroleum-contaminated soil.cyperus rotundus l. is a perennial herb which was found prevailing in an area in the northeast of brazil previously contaminated with petroleum. in order to enlarge the knowledge of microorganism-plant interaction in phytoremediation, the bacterial community present in the rhizosphere and roots of c. rotundus was evaluated by culture-dependent and molecular approaches. pcr-dgge analyses based on the 16s rrna gene showed that the profiles of bulk soil, rhizosphere and root samples had a high degr ...201020519908
the cytochrome bcc-aa3-type respiratory chain of rhodococcus rhodochrous.rhodococcus rhodochrous is an active soil bacterium belonging to the nocardia group of high gc gram-positive bacteria. it is rich in various enzymes and thus important in the industrial production of chemicals and bioremediation. in this work, the respiratory chain of this aerobic organism was investigated and characterized. grown under highly aerobic conditions, the membrane fraction of r. rhodochrous cells only contained a-, b- and c-type cytochromes, suggesting that it is the cytochrome bcc-a ...201020541114
in vitro antimicrobial activity of gallium maltolate against virulent rhodococcus equi.the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gallium maltolate (gam) against rhodococcus equi. a total of 98 virulent bacterial isolates from equine clinical cases were examined, of which 19 isolates were known to be resistant to macrolides and rifampin. isolates were cultured with various concentrations of gam and minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values were determined after 24 and 48 h. both the mic(50) and the mic(90) after 24h of growth were 558 n ...201020554401
anhe, a metallochaperone involved in the maturation of a cobalt-dependent nitrile hydratase.acetonitrile hydratase (anhase) of rhodococcus jostii rha1 is a cobalt-containing enzyme with no significant sequence identity with characterized nitrile hydratases. the anhase structural genes anha and anhb are separated by anhe, predicted to encode an 11.1-kda polypeptide. an anhe deletion mutant did not grow on acetonitrile but grew on acetamide, the anhase reaction product. growth on acetonitrile was restored by providing anhe in trans. anha could be used to assemble anhase in vitro, provide ...201020558748
dual two-component regulatory systems are involved in aromatic compound degradation in a polychlorinated-biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus jostii rha1.a gram-positive polychlorinated-biphenyl (pcb) degrader, rhodococcus jostii rha1, degrades pcbs by cometabolism with biphenyl. a two-component bphs1t1 system encoded by bphs1 and bpht1 (formerly bphs and bpht) is responsible for the transcription induction of the five gene clusters, bphaaabacadc1b1, etbaa1ab1cbphd1, etbaa2ab2acd2, etbadbphb2, and etbd1, which constitute multiple enzyme systems for biphenyl/pcb degradation. the bphs2 and bpht2 genes, which encode bphs2 and bpht2, virtually identi ...201020622058
detection of strain variation in isolates of rhodococcus equi from an affected foal using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction.rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen of foals aged 1-6 months. evidence exists that foals are exposed to a wide diversity of r. equi strains in their environment. however, limited data are available regarding the extent to which genotypic variation exists among isolates infecting individual foals. therefore, electrophoresis of repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr) amplicons in an automated microfluidics chip format was used to genotype 9 virulent r. equi isolates obt ...201020622235
chog is the main inducible extracellular cholesterol oxidase of rhodococcus sp. strain cect3014.cholesterol catabolism has been reported in different bacteria and particularly in several rhodococcus species, but the genetic of this complex pathway is not yet very well defined. in this work we report the isolation and sequencing of a 9.8kb dna fragment of rhodococcus sp. strain cect3014, a bacterial strain that we here identify as a rhodococcus erythropolis strain. in this dna fragment we found several orf that are probably involved in steroid catabolism, and chog, a gene encoding a putativ ...201020630728
rp-hplc/ms-apci analysis of branched chain tag prepared by precursor-directed biosynthesis with rhodococcus erythropolis.reversed phase liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/ms-apci) was used to analyze both synthetic triacylglycerols (tag) having 1-3 branched fatty acids (fa) in the molecule, and natural tag prepared by precursor directed biosynthesis from valine, leucine and isoleucine and the corresponding branched short-chain acids in cultivations of rhodococcus erythropolis. the technique made it possible to identify and quantify tag differing in a single br ...201020635225
analysis of plasmid diversity in 96 rhodococcus equi strains isolated in normandy (france) and sequencing of the 87-kb type i virulence plasmid.to characterize the potential epidemiological relationship between the origin of rhodococcus equi strains and the type of their virulence plasmids, we performed a comparative analysis of virulence plasmid types encountered in 96 r. equi strains isolated from (1) autopsied horses, (2) organic samples (horse faeces, manure and straw) and (3) environmental samples. our results revealed no clear epidemiological link between virulence plasmid type and the origin of r. equi strains isolated from horse ...201020707817
functional characterization of pgkt2, a 182-kilobase plasmid containing the xplab genes, which are involved in the degradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine by gordonia sp. strain ktr9.several microorganisms have been isolated that can transform hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx), a cyclic nitramine explosive. to better characterize the microbial genes that facilitate this transformation, we sequenced and annotated a 182-kb plasmid, pgkt2, from the rdx-degrading strain gordonia sp. ktr9. this plasmid carries xpla, encoding a protein sharing up to 99% amino acid sequence identity with characterized rdx-degrading cytochromes p450. other genes that cluster with xpla ar ...201020709853
functional characterization of propane-enhanced n-nitrosodimethylamine degradation by two actinomycetales.propane-induced cometabolic degradation of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) by two propanotrophs is characterized through kinetic, gene presence, and expression studies. after growth on propane, resting cells of rhodococcus sp. rr1 possessed a maximum transformation rate (v(max,n)) of 44 ± 5 µg ndma (mg protein)(-1) h(-1); the rate for mycobacterium vaccae (austroafricanum) job-5 was modestly lower with v(max,n) of 28 ± 3 µg ndma (mg protein)(-1) h(-1). both strains were capable of degrading enviro ...201020717971
highly efficient and enantioselective biotransformations of β-lactam carbonitriles and carboxamides and their synthetic applications.catalyzed by rhodococcus erythropolis aj270, a nitrile hydratase and amidase containing microbial whole cell catalyst, a number of racemic 1-arylmethyl- and 1-allyl-4-oxoazetidine-2-carbonitriles and carboxamides underwent efficient transformations under very mild conditions to produce enantiopure functionalized s-amide and r-acid products in excellent yields. while the nitrile hydratase showed good enzyme activity but virtually no enantioselectivity, the amidase displayed high r-enantioselectiv ...201020721414
substrate binding mechanism of a type i extradiol dioxygenase.a meta-cleavage pathway for the aerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons is catalyzed by extradiol dioxygenases via a two-step mechanism: catechol substrate binding and dioxygen incorporation. the binding of substrate triggers the release of water, thereby opening a coordination site for molecular oxygen. the crystal structures of akbc, a type i extradiol dioxygenase, and the enzyme substrate (3-methylcatechol) complex revealed the substrate binding process of extradiol dioxygenase. akbc is ...201020810655
[destruction of motor oils by actinobacteria].the influence of high concentrations of motor oils (mo) and additives to them on the growth of strains dietzia maris ukm ac-205, gordonia rubripertincta ukm ac-179 and rhodococcus erythropolis ukm ac-50 as well as the ability of these actinobacteria to destruction of different mo brands were investigated. it was shown that all strains were resistant to the used motor oils but showed sensitivity to fresh (unused) mo and additives containing zinc dithiophosphate. the oil "esso ultra" which had min ...201020812505
enantiopure trans-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamides: preparation by bacterial hydrolysis and ring-openings toward enantiopure, unnatural d-α-amino acids.several racemic trans-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamides were prepared and then resolved by rhodococcus rhodochrous ifo 15564-catalyzed hydrolysis. the resulting enantiopure (2r,3s)-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxamides are adequate substrates to undergo fully stereoselective nucleophilic ring-openings at the c-3 ring position to finally yield enantiopure, unnatural d-α-aminocarboxylic acids. experimental evidence is provided that suggests the fate of the (2s,3r)-3-arylaziridine-2-carboxylic acids concomit ...201020812732
effects of two commercially available immunostimulants on leukocyte function of foals following ex vivo exposure to rhodococcus equi.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of immunostimulants on neutrophil, macrophage, and lymphocyte function following ex vivo exposure to rhodococcus equi. eighteen foals were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatment groups. treatment consisted of inactivated propionibacterium acnes (pa), inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ppvo), or saline (control) administered on days 0 (7 days of age), 2, and 8. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid and blood were collected on days 0 (baseline), 12 ...201020822815
atomic resolution studies of haloalkane dehalogenases dhaa04, dhaa14 and dhaa15 with engineered access tunnels.the haloalkane dehalogenase dhaa from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064 is a bacterial enzyme that shows catalytic activity for the hydrolytic degradation of the highly toxic industrial pollutant 1,2,3-trichloropropane (tcp). mutagenesis focused on the access tunnels of dhaa produced protein variants with significantly improved activity towards tcp. three mutants of dhaa named dhaa04 (c176y), dhaa14 (i135f) and dhaa15 (c176y + i135f) were constructed in order to study the functional relevance ...201020823547
biodegradation of carbendazim by a novel actinobacterium rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2.a novel actinobacterial strain rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2 capable of using carbendazim (mbc) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source for growth was used to investigate its metabolism pathway of mbc. the hplc and ms/ms analysis showed that mbc was hydrolyzed to 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ab) and then converted to benzimidazole or 2-hydroxybenzimidazole (2-hb). the conversion of 2-ab was inhibited by nh(4)no(3). the benzene ring of 2-hb was further opened through meta (extradiol) catechol cleavage ...201020833408
the rhodococcus opacus pd630 heparin-binding hemagglutinin homolog tada mediates lipid body formation.generally, prokaryotes store carbon as polyhydroxyalkanoate, starch, or glycogen. the gram-positive actinomycete rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 is noteworthy in that it stores carbon in the form of triacylglycerol (tag). several studies have demonstrated that r. opacus pd630 can accumulate up to 76% of its cell dry weight as tag when grown under nitrogen-limiting conditions. while this process is well studied, the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to tag biosynthesis and s ...201020851968
[a study of the catalytic properties of the nitrile hydratase immobilized on aluminum oxides and carbon-containing adsorbents].the nitrile hydratase isolated from rhodococcus ruber strain gt1, displaying a high nitrile hydratase activity, was immobilized on unmodified aluminum oxides and carbon-containing adsorbents, including the carbon carrier sibunit. the activity and operational stability of the immobilized nitrile hydratase were studied in the reaction of acrylonitrile transformation into acrylamide. it was demonstrated that an increase in the carbon content in the carrier led to an increase in the amount of adsorb ...201020873164
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