Publications

[interferon production and natural killer activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis].	interferon (ifn) -system of patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) during the stable stage of the disease activity was investigated. thirty six patients were divided into 3 groups of mild, moderate and severe patients according to the scores of disability status scale (dss). ifn-alpha producibility and natural killer (nk) activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) or large granular lymphocytes (lgl) fractionated from pbl were determined by culturing with hela cells persistently infected with ...	1988	2464533
salad poisoning.	prepackaged salads may be a source of listeria monocytogenes food poisoning.	1988	27413950
neonatal host defense mechanisms against listeria monocytogenes infection: the role of lipopolysaccharides and interferons.	the human newborn infant is susceptible to lethal infection caused by a number of bacterial species including listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive rod which is pathogenic by virtue of its ability to survive intracellularly. in adult animals interferon (ifn)-alpha/beta and ifn-gamma or agents that induce or augment ifn production confer protection against lethal l. monocytogenes infection. regulation and production of ifn is poorly understood during the neonatal period. we therefore evaluated ...	1989	2468128
[current problems in the microbiological control of food].	the paper deals with a number of aspects of current interest and significance on the subject of the microbiological testing of food with particular reference to the role of research institutes. the main objectives of microbiological testing of food are essentially two: (i) to establish the absence of a human health hazard due to microbial contamination of food (food safety); and (ii) to define the quality standard of food (food quality). as far as the first of these objectives is concerned, the ...	1989	2483651
a new colorimetric nucleic acid hybridization assay for listeria in foods.	non-isotopic colorimetric detection has been applied in a rapid nucleic acid dipstick hybridization assay for detection of listeria spp. in food and environmental samples. the assay takes approximately 2.5-3 h following a two day broth and plate enrichment. hybridization occurs between fluorescein labeled detector probes, poly(deoxyadenosine)-tailed capture probes, and listeria-specific regions of 16 s ribosomal rna. these target:probe complexes are captured on poly(deoxythymidine) coated plasti ...	1989	2484438
listeria monocytogenes peritonitis complicating capd.		1989	2488395
[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by listeria monocytogenes].		1989	2490452
[empyema caused by listeria monocytogenes secondary to esophago- pleural fistula in an immunocompetent patient].		1989	2490456
synthesis of listeriolysin in listeria monocytogenes under heat shock conditions.	listeriolysin, produced by all virulent listeria monocytogenes isolates, is an essential virulence factor which appears to be necessary for the intracellular survival of these bacteria. it has been postulated that the intracellular environment imposes stress conditions similar to heat shock on invading bacteria. we show here that listeriolysin was still very efficiently synthesized in one listeria monocytogenes strain even intracellularly and induced under heat shock conditions in another l. mon ...	1989	2491839
identification of an extracellular protein of listeria monocytogenes possibly involved in intracellular uptake by mammalian cells.	mutants of listeria monocytogenes were recently isolated which are impaired in the synthesis of a major extracellular protein (p60). as shown in this investigation, the p60 mutants have lost the capability of invading nonprofessional phagocytic 3t6 mouse fibroblast cells. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of supernatant proteins of these mutants indicated that no other extracellular protein was altered in these mutants. the p60 mutants formed long cell chains which disagg ...	1989	2491841
listeria monocytogenes infections of prosthetic joints.		1989	2491878
bronchoalveolar macrophages from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are unable to kill facultative intracellular bacteria.	the accumulation of inflammatory and immune effector cells in the lungs of patients at early stages of interstitial lung disease has been well documented, but little is known about the functional activity of these cells, particularly alveolar macrophages. the purpose of the experiments described here was to determine whether alveolar macrophages from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (ipf) differed from alveolar macrophages of normal subjects using a model system that assesses a compon ...	1989	2492173
separate and combined effects of recombinant interleukin-1 alpha and gamma interferon on antibacterial resistance.	our laboratory has previously reported that administration of murine recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (ril-1 alpha) substantially enhanced the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes infection. other investigators have reported that gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) plays a pivotal role in antilisteria resistance. in the present study, we have defined doses of human ril-1 alpha that enhanced the antilisteria resistance of mice. we then addressed the possibility that combined immunotherapy with ri ...	1989	2492263
fsis to expand listeria testing.		1989	2492491
enumeration of single ifn-gamma-producing cells in mice during viral and bacterial infection.	a solid phase immunoenzymatic technique was employed for detecting single ifn-gamma-producing cells (ifn-gamma pc) in the mouse. after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or listeria monocytogenes, the numbers of ifn-gamma pc in spleens began to rise on day 4, attained maxima on days 7 and 8, and declined thereafter. negative selection in vitro by use of mab and c allowed phenotypic identification of the producer cells; most, if not all, carried thy-1, and approximately one half ex ...	1989	2492578
leads from the mmwr. update--listeriosis and pasteurized milk.		1989	2492612
listeriosis.		1989	2492614
macrophage activation-associated proteins. characterization of stimuli and conditions needed for expression of proteins 47b, 71/73, and 120.	the expression of cellular proteins was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis during and after exposure of mouse macrophages to either mouse rifn-gamma or natural muifn-beta sufficient to prime macrophages for tumor cell killing. the reversible inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide (cy), was included in some experiments during exposure to ifn. while it was present, cy suppressed protein synthesis by greater than 90%, but did not affect priming for tumor cell killing that was in ...	1989	2493050
listeria may be present in hot dogs.		1989	2494141
investigation of an outbreak of listeriosis: new hypotheses for the etiology of epidemic listeria monocytogenes infections.	from december 1986 to march 1987 an outbreak of listeria monocytogenes infection occurred in the philadelphia metropolitan area. a patient-control study showed patients were more likely than controls to have had an ill family member and to have used antidiarrheal medication during the month before their illness. diet histories showed patients were significantly more likely to have eaten ice cream or salami than were controls, and to have shopped at one grocery store chain. subtyping of l. monocy ...	1989	2494267
pathogenicity testing of listeria strains isolated from food in fertilized hen's eggs.	pathogenicity testing of 10-day-old fertilized hen's eggs infected with listeria species demonstrated that l. monocytogenes isolated from cheese and human samples caused death in 100% of the injected chicken embryos within 96 h. in contrast, l. innocua isolated from cheese was fatal for only 17% of the infected embryos. all embryos infected with l. seeligeri survived. the results confirmed statements of previous authors about the pathogenicity of l. monocytogenes, regardless of its origin.	1989	2494812
infection with a reduced virulence listeria monocytogenes strain increases resistance to salmonellosis in mice.	a model to study the non-specific resistance of of1 mice was standardized using a listeria monocytogenes strain of reduced virulence to induce this resistance, and a fully virulent salmonella typhimurium strain (as challenge) to measure it. dose, route of inoculation and timing were optimized. kinetics of infection were carried out using listeria and salmonella strains respectively, inoculated intravenously and subcutaneously in the hind footpad, in order to minimize the number of dead and uninf ...	1989	2494932
comparison of lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam and modified vogel johnson agars for detection of listeria spp. in retail-level meats, poultry, and seafood.	the effectiveness of modified vogel johnson agar and lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar for detection of listeria spp. in foods was compared by using the media to analyze retail-level meat, poultry, and seafood both by direct plating and in conjunction with a three-tube most-probable-number enrichment. the most-probable-number protocol detected listeria species, including listeria monocytogenes, in a substantial portion of the fresh meat and seafood samples. in most instances the lis ...	1989	2494936
antibacterial activity of hen egg white lysozyme against listeria monocytogenes scott a in foods.	egg white lysozyme killed or prevented growth of listeria monocytogenes scott a in several foods. lysozyme was more active in vegetables than in animal-derived foods that we tested. for maximum activity in certain foods, edta was required in addition to lysozyme. lysozyme with edta effectively killed inoculated populations of 10(4) l. monocytogenes per g in fresh corn, fresh green beans, shredded cabbage, shredded lettuce, and carrots during storage at 5 degrees c. control incubations without ly ...	1989	2494938
an encephalitic form of listeriosis in broiler chickens.	a disease outbreak characterized by torticollis, incoordination, and depression was seen in a commercial broiler operation in california. listeria monocytogenes was isolated from brain tissue with some degree of difficulty, and only after culturing directly from the brain stem. no evidence of concurrent disease was found, and the source of the outbreak was undetermined.	1989	2494981
listeriosis associated with consumption of turkey franks.		1989	2495427
outbreak of neonatal listeriosis in a regional hospital in kuwait.	six newborns with listeria monocytogenes infection were admitted to the same neonatal unit between 31 october and 3 december 1985. the index case, a preterm baby, was born to a mother who was febrile with an influenza-like illness at the time of delivery. this baby presented with listeria sepsis and pneumonia. another child was born from whose mother l. monocytogenes was isolated from the cervix with the same serotype as that in the csf of her newborn. in the other cases blood and cervical cultu ...	1989	2495964
stimulation of macrophage phagocytic but not bactericidal activity by colony-stimulating factor 1.	the ability of mouse peritoneal cells to phagocytose and lyse listeria monocytogenes was measured after the cells were incubated with purified murine macrophage-specific colony-stimulating factor (csf-1). activation of combined phagocytic and bacteriolytic ability required 24 h, with an optimal dose of 1,000 u of csf-1 per ml. no activation was achieved with a shorter period of incubation, known to be sufficient for gm-csf to stimulate phagocytosis by granulocytes, and there was no advantage in ...	1989	2496031
role of lipopolysaccharide in induction of ia expression during infection with gram-negative bacteria.	lipopolysaccharide (lps), a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is known to be a potent modulator of many host immune functions, including the expression of products of the class ii major histocompatibility locus (ia molecules) by macrophages. lps-mediated ia induction is controlled by the lps gene. we sought to determine the role of lps in the induction of ia expression during infection with gram-negative bacteria. to address this question, we tested a simple predic ...	1989	2496032
protection of mice against listeria monocytogenes infection by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha.	recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhutnf-alpha) administered intravenously to mice resulted in enhanced resistance to a lethal challenge infection of listeria monocytogenes given 24 h later. the observed protection was lost following treatment of the rhutnf-alpha preparations with rabbit polyclonal antibody rhutnf-alpha but not with normal rabbit immunoglobulin g.	1989	2496036
a possible outbreak of listeriosis caused by an unusual strain of listeria monocytogenes.	during 1987, a cluster of 23 cases of listeriosis due to an unusual serotype of listeria monocytogenes was identified. all the 'epidemic' strains (designated serovar 4b(x)) were indistinguishable by serotyping, phage-typing and monoclonal antibody-typing. clusters of cases due to this type have not been identified previously in britain at such a high frequency. in an epidemiological survey, patients were interviewed so as to identify risk factors but none common in all cases was identified.	1989	2496171
[listeria in food].	since some outbreaks of listeriosis have been traced to various foods, the contamination rate of the foodstuffs is of great interest. out of 1708 samples of milk and milk products, 105 samples (6.1%) proved to contain listeria spp. l. monocytogenes was isolated from 54 specimens (3.0%). the isolation rate among 496 samples of meat and raw meat products was 38.9%. l. monocytogenes was found in 14.1% of these samples. salads and vegetables proved to be contaminated by listeria spp. in 6.4%; 2.1% o ...	1989	2496464
activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by salmonella typhimurium.	the results of these studies indicate that the interaction between activated macrophages and s. typhimurium depends on the characteristics of the micro-organism and the kind of activation.	1989	2496590
recombinant mouse interferon-gamma is not chemotactic for macrophages or neutrophils.	recent evidence implicates interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in resistance to infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes. reports showing that inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils are highly bactericidal for listeria suggest that ifn-gamma might act by directly or indirectly causing recruitment of these cells. the purpose of the experiments described here was to test whether recombinant mouse ifn-gamma is chemotactic for macrophages or neutrophils in vivo or in ...	1989	2497200
listeria monocytogenes: a protocol for rapid identification.		1989	2497307
careful food handling reduces the risk of listeria.		1989	2497469
listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis.	listeriosis usually manifests at the extremes of age, during pregnancy or among immunocompromised individuals as an acute meningoencephalitis with or without associated septicemia. localized infections are rare. we investigated the incidence of listeria monocytogenes cholecystitis using the data of the listeria reference laboratory of the university of würzburg/frg. out of 467 culture proven l.m-infections in the years 1986 and 1987, two cases were localized infections of the gall bladder. altho ...	1989	2497593
production, purification and characterization of hemolysins from listeria ivanovii and listeria monocytogenes sv4b.	in culture supernatants of both listeria ivanovii and listeria monocytogenes sv4b, for the first time a hemolysin of molecular weight 58 kda was identified, which had all the characteristics of an sh-activated cytolysin, and which was therefore identified as listeriolysin o (llo). in the case of l. ivanovii a second major supernatant protein of molecular weight 24 kda co-purified with llo. however, the function of this protein has to be determined. in culture supernatants of l. ivanovii a sphing ...	1989	2498153
[listeriosis in france in 1986: census made by hospital laboratories].	a census of all listeria monocytogenes isolates was made in 1986 by the microbiologists of 75% of the french hospitals. 811 cases were registered giving a yearly incidence rate of 14.7 cases/million population instead of 11.3 cases/million population registered in 1984. the cases are classified in perinatal cases (positive culture for l. monocytogenes from the mother, the child or the placenta) and non perinatal cases (all the others). the increase between 1984 and 1986 is mostly due to the fact ...	1989	2498829
genetic characterization of clones of the bacterium listeria monocytogenes causing epidemic disease.	one hundred and seventy-five isolates of the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes recovered from human clinical (blood and cerebrospinal fluid), animal, and environmental sources in europe, north america, and elsewhere were analyzed electrophoretically for allelic variation at 16 genetic loci encoding metabolic enzymes. forty-five distinctive allele profiles (electrophoretic types, ets) were distinguished, among which mean genetic diversity per locus (h) was 0.424. cluster analysis of a m ...	1989	2498876
suppressive effect of 1-methyladenosine on the generation of chemiluminescence by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with opsonized zymosan.	the preparation of an in vitro assay system for the immunosuppressive activities of modified nucleosides on macrophage (m phi) functions is described. briefly, listeria-elicited mouse peritoneal m phi s (lm-m phi s) were treated with nucleosides in vitro for 18 hr at less than 1 mm concentration and chemiluminescence (cl) was measured after stimulation with opsonized zymosan. to confirm the usefulness of this assay (in vitro test), the immunosuppressive activities of 1-methyladenosine (m1 ado) a ...	1989	2499078
cell surface charge characteristics and their relationship to bacterial attachment to meat surfaces.	cell surface charge and hydrophobicity of bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis were determined by hydrocarbon adherence, hydrophobic interaction, and electrostatic interaction chromatography. surface charge and hydrophobicity were compared with the initial attachment values and rates of attachment of the bacteria to meat surfaces. there was a linear correlation betwe ...	1989	2499255
clearance of cryptococcus neoformans from immunologically suppressed mice.	to assess the effects of cryptococcal antigen-induced immunosuppression on a cryptococcus neoformans infection, cba/j mice were injected intravenously with saline or suppressive doses of cryptococcal antigen (cnef) at weekly intervals and were then infected with viable c. neoformans cells. by the second week after infection, the cryptococcal antigen-injected mice had suppressed anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses compared with the responses of the saline-treated, infec ...	1989	2499541
evaluation of api 20 strep system for identifying listeria species.	the api 20 strep system was used to identify 146 known strains from seven species of the genus listeria, including both pathogenic and environmental strains. the gallery was easy to use and tests, with the exception of leucine arylamidase (lap) and starch fermentation (amd), were simple to interpret. identification to genus level was satisfactory but differentiation between species was poor. using the api 20 strep the haemolytic species l monocytogenes, seeligeri, and ivanovii could easily be di ...	1989	2499610
tumor necrosis factor is involved in the t cell-independent pathway of macrophage activation in scid mice.	we analyzed the t cell-independent production of ifn-gamma in the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutant mouse. spleen cells from scid mice secreted high levels of ifn-gamma in response to heat-killed listeria monocytogenes (hklm), but not to the t cell stimulus cona. this response was ablated by prior removal of adherent macrophages. ifn-gamma secretion in vitro was preceded by the rapid production of tnf and was inhibited by addition of neutralizing mab to tnf. moreover, injection of s ...	1989	2499625
decreased resistance to listeria monocytogenes in mice following vanadate exposure: effects upon the function of macrophages.	we have previously demonstrated that ammonium metavanadate has a broad immunomodulating effect in mice after subchronic exposure. because host resistance to pathogenic listeria monocytogenes and in vitro phagocytic activity of harvested peritoneal macrophages (pem) were strongly affected by vanadate treatment, we investigated the effect of vanadate on the functional role of resident pem in active listeriosis in the mouse. vanadium treatment results in altered patterns of clearance of the organis ...	1989	2500404
[physiopathology of human listeria infection].		1989	2500698
[recent bacterial risks in foods].	knowledge about bacterial foodborne diseases has broadened over the last 15 years. to this development have contributed improved isolation and identification methods but also the application of systematic epidemiological studies. in principle, no "new" bacteria have been discovered but their occurrence in foods was not known (e.g. campylobacter jejuni/coli) or their detection in foods could not be firmly linked with disease in man (e.g. listeria monocytogenes, e. coli o157:h7). for campylobacter ...	1989	2500815
[biochemical differentiation of listeria from cheese].	listeria spp. isolated from cheese were tested for biochemical characteristics together with reference strains from culture collections. microtitration plates were used for testing the fermentation patterns. the results were subjected to a numerical cluster analysis based on linkage maps. the variation of the group structures calculating the characteristics with and without the hemolysin reactions is demonstrated. the pathogenic species l. monocytogenes could only be separated from the avirulent ...	1989	2500927
physiological studies on the growth and utilization of sugars by listeria species.	experiments, relevant to growth in milk, were done to delineate the aerobic and anaerobic growth of listeria species on selected sugars in several media. all species grew on glucose aerobically, forming lactic acid and (or) acetic acid. anaerobically, only lactic acid was formed; cell yields were 80% of those obtained aerobically. when incubated aerobically, small amounts (1.5 microns/ml) of isovaleric acid, 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and trace amounts of isobutyric acid were formed. these produc ...	1989	2501014
[listeriosis studies in game animals in tirol and in the steiermark (austria)].	serological investigations were carried out on game for listeria monocytogenes. isolation attempts were also included. listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua were isolated.	1989	2501155
recombinant murine gamma interferon induces enhanced resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in neonatal mice.	neonatal mice within 24 h of birth were highly susceptible to intraperitoneal infection with listeria monocytogenes. the 50% lethal dose of bacterial cells was 6.3 x 10(1) cfu for neonates and 3.2 x 10(6) cfu for adult mice. a single injection of recombinant murine gamma interferon (rmuifn-gamma) protected neonatal mice from simultaneous challenge with a lethal dose of l. monocytogenes cells. the rmuifn-gamma effect was dose dependent: protection was consistently observed in mice treated with rm ...	1989	2501217
the incidence of listeria monocytogenes in raw milk from farm bulk tanks in north-east scotland.	over 180 farm bulk milk tanks were tested for the presence of listeria monocytogenes on three separate occasions which included periods when cows were grazing and confined inside on a silage diet. the incidence of l. monocytogenes contamination was low, ranging from 3.8% in the summer samples to 1.0% in october. the level of contamination was estimated to be lower than one l. monocytogenes bacterium per ml in positive samples, as most required cold enrichment of 10-20 ml volumes before recovery. ...	1989	2501262
ingestion and killing of listeria monocytogenes by blood and milk phagocytes from mastitic and normal cattle.	human listeriosis resulting from consumption of listeria-contaminated dairy products is emerging as a significant public health concern. there is a need to understand better the processes involved in the pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes-induced bovine mastitis. in the present report, we describe the results of the in vitro interaction of l. monocytogenes with bovine blood and milk leukocytes. induction of an experimental l. monocytogenes mastitis resulted in a rapid and dramatic increase i ...	1989	2501346
behavior of listeria monocytogenes during manufacture and ripening of brick cheese.	brick cheese was made by the washed-curd procedure from pasteurized whole milk inoculated to contain ca. 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(3) listeria monocytogenes [strain scott a, ohio, v7, or california]/ml. cheeses were ripened (15 degrees c/95% relative humidity) with a surface smear for 2, 3, or 4 wk to simulate production of mild, aged, or "limburger-like" brick cheese, respectively, and then stored an additional 20 to 22 wk at 10 degrees c. populations of strains scott a, ohio, v7, and california incr ...	1989	2501363
loss of viability by listeria monocytogenes in commercial bovine pepsin-rennet extract.	loss of viability by listeria monocytogenes strains california, v7, and scott a in commercial bovine pepsin-rennet extract was determined during storage for 56 d at 7 degrees c. four levels (10(3) to 10(6)/ml) of l. monocytogenes were added to the coagulant, and mcbride listeria agar was used to determine numbers of survivors. selected colonies thought to be l. monocytogenes were confirmed biochemically. samples also were tested during and after completion of cold enrichment (up to 8 wk at 4 deg ...	1989	2501364
"new" food-borne pathogens of public health significance.	recent work by epidemiologists and microbiologists has uncovered several hitherto unrecognized food-borne bacterial pathogens of public health significance. one of these, listeria monocytogenes, has attracted considerable attention because of two major cheese-related outbreaks of listeriosis that were characterized by cases of meningitis, abortion, and perinatal septicemia. thus far, l. monocytogenes has been responsible for well over 300 reported cases of food-borne listeriosis, including about ...	1989	2501376
macrophage function in murine allogeneic bone marrow radiation chimeras in the early phase after transplantation.	we tested several of the functions of macrophages (m phi) in the early phase after allogeneic bone marrow transfer to get information about this important aspect of the nonspecific immune system in the t-cell-deficient recipient. on days 3-5 after transfer, the number of m phi was reduced in the spleen, liver, lungs, and peritoneal cavity (pe). the phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (srbc) by these m phi was normal or even enhanced, as in the case of pe-m phi. already on days 8-12 after trans ...	1989	2501440
exacerbation of murine listeriosis by a monoclonal antibody specific for the type 3 complement receptor of myelomonocytic cells. absence of monocytes at infective foci allows listeria to multiply in nonphagocytic cells.	treatment of mice with a rat mab (5c6) specific for an epitope of the type 3 complement receptor of myelomonocytic cells severely interfered with the ability of the mice to resist infection with listeria monocytogenes. consequently, a sublethal infection was rapidly converted to a lethal one that resulted in death in 5 d. however, infection was only exacerbated if 5c6 was given earlier in infection, before mononuclear phagocytes populated sites of listeria implantation in the liver and spleen. i ...	1989	2501445
intracellular methicillin selection of listeria monocytogenes mutants unable to replicate in a macrophage cell line.	to dissect the determinants of listeria monocytogenes that are required for pathogenicity, we designed an intracellular selection protocol based on penicillin selection to isolate mutants defective for intracellular growth. eight independent mutants obtained by insertion of tn916 were isolated that were resistant to methicillin treatment following internalization by the j774 macrophage-like cell line. seven mutants were absolutely defective for intracellular growth, whereas one showed abortive i ...	1989	2501788
acquired resistance to listeria monocytogenes is mediated by lyt-2+ t cells independently of the influx of monocytes into granulomatous lesions.	facultative intracellular bacteria induce specific t cell responses of both the cd4+ and the cd8+ subsets. the immunohistological study of the tissue responses to listeria monocytogenes in t cell subset-depleted, listeria-primed mice revealed that cd4+ cells not only represent the predominant lymphocyte population in granulomatous lesions but mediate the attraction and accumulation of blood-borne monocytes into inflammatory foci. on the other hand, cd8+ t cells are able to mediate protection in ...	1989	2502601
[isolation of macrophage-activating phospholipid from listeria monocytogenes].	the aim of this study was isolate a factor, contained in phospholipid fraction of listeria monocytogenes, responsible for macrophage activation. lipids extracted from l. monocytogenes cells were subjected consecutively to fractionation on colons with silicic acid, florisil and sephadex lh-20. separated fractions were assayed for their ability to activate macrophages as well as for their homogeneity by thin layer chromatography. multistep fractionation procedure allowed to obtain the pure prepara ...	1989	2503663
listeriosis.		1989	2503688
[listeriosis in the newborn infant: improved prognosis due to early detection].	perinatal clinical data were collected retrospectively from 35 newborn infants infected with listeria monocytogenes and compared with the subsequent outcome. the average annual incidence of neonatal listeriosis in the canton of zurich (switzerland) between 1983 and 1987 was 0.33 per 1000, which is more than twice that during the preceding 10 years. this increase paralleled a similar outbreak in the french part of switzerland, where contaminated soft cheese was found to be the source. three infan ...	1989	2503713
[the most frequent infectious causes of abortion in sheep in north bavaria with special reference to chlamydia and salmonella infections].	between 1980 and 1987 1153 ovine fetuses and placentas were examined after abortion. in 68.5% of the cases a cause of abortion could be diagnosed as follows: 43.5% chlamydia psittaci var. ovis, 10.7% salmonella abortus ovis, 3.7% coxiella burnetii, 3.3% listeria monocytogenes and 0.4% campylobacter fetus intestinalis. hemolyzing escherichia coli and streptococci, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, corynebacterium pyogenes and other facultative pathogens ...	1989	2503908
antimicrobial activity of ro 23-9424, a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin and desacetylcefotaxime.	ro 23-9424 is a novel ester-linked codrug of fleroxacin (ro 23-6240; am-833) and the cefotaxime metabolite desacetylcefotaxime. its potency was determined against over 1,000 organisms and found to be intermediate between those of the two components. more than 99% of members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by greater than or equal micrograms of ro 23-9424 per ml; its mic for 50% of strains tested ranged from greater than or equal to 0.06 to 1 micrograms/ml. staphylococci, streptoc ...	1989	2504106
comparative recovery of uninjured and heat-injured listeria monocytogenes cells from bovine milk.	the standard selective enrichment protocols of the food and drug administration (fda) and u.s. department of agriculture (usda) were compared with an experimental nonselective broth enrichment (nsb) protocol and variations of the standard cold-enrichment (ce) protocol for the recovery of heat-injured listeria monocytogenes. bacterial cells (10(7)/ml) were suspended in sterile milk and heated at 71.7 degrees c in a slug-flow heat exchanger for holding times ranging from 1 to 30 s. surviving cells ...	1989	2504109
fate of listeria monocytogenes in processed meat products during refrigerated storage.	the fate of listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage was determined on several processed meat products, including ham, bologna, wieners, sliced chicken, sliced turkey, fermented semidried sausage, bratwurst, and cooked roast beef. the meats were surface inoculated with a five-strain mixture of less than or equal to 200 or ca. 10(5) l. monocytogenes cells per package, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4.4 degrees c. survival or growth of listeriae was determined for up to 12 weeks of stora ...	1989	2504110
evaluation of three newly developed direct plating media to enumerate listeria monocytogenes in foods.	licl-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar (lpma), ars modified mcbride agar, and modified vogel johnson agar were compared with previously tested plating media in the enumeration of listeria monocytogenes from pasteurized whole milk, chocolate ice cream mix, brie cheese, and raw cabbage. lpma was most suitable for analyzing brie cheese and cabbage. gum base-nalidixic acid-tryptone-soya medium (previously tested) was most suitable for analyzing milk and chocolate ice cream mix.	1989	2504112
an in vitro investigation of the intraphagocytic bioactivity of difloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and fleroxacin.	in this study the intraphagocytic bioactivity of difloxacin, ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin and fleroxacin was investigated using human neutrophils and a combination of a radioassay, a colony-counting method and a fluorescence microassay which enables us to differentiate between intracellular bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms. staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes were used as the test intraphagocytic microbial pathogens. it was found that difloxacin, ciprofloxacin and to a lesser ...	1989	2504545
comparison of cefadroxil and cephalothin disk susceptibility test results.	diffusion susceptibility tests with 30-micrograms cefadroxil disks and 30-micrograms cephalothin disks were evaluated. for both agents, the same zone size interpretive criteria were recommended (less than or equal to 14 mm for resistance and greater than or equal to 18 mm for susceptibility). tests were performed with 904 bacterial isolates, and the data were examined to determine whether the two cephalosporins might be used interchangeably for purposes of in vitro susceptibility testing. when h ...	1989	2504768
effects of growth temperature on the ingestion and killing of clinical isolates of listeria monocytogenes by human neutrophils.	in this study, we compared three human isolates (f5380, scott a, and murray b) and one laboratory strain (egd) of listeria monocytogenes for their resistance to ingestion and killing by human neutrophils. we observed no substantial difference in killing among these strains when they were grown at 37 degrees c. because it is likely that listerial growth occurs at lower temperatures during food-borne outbreaks of listeriosis, we also compared these strains after they were grown at 22 and 4 degrees ...	1989	2504771
probes for identifying listeria.		1989	2504943
protective effect of n-acetyl chitohexaose on listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.	a water-soluble oligosaccharide, n-acetyl chitohexaose (nacos-6) was able to enhance the protecting effect of balb/c male mice against listeria monocytogenes infection, when administered intraperitoneally 24 hr before the challenge with this microbe. significant decrease in number of microbes within the peritoneal cavity, spleen, and liver from the mice of nacos-6-administered group was not observed 1 day after the infection but 4 days after the infection. administration of nacos-6 enhanced the ...	1989	2505022
nucleotide sequence of the listeriolysin gene from a listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strain.		1989	2505236
bovine iritis.		1989	2505428
immunisation against infections caused by listeria monocytogenes in sheep.	immunisation against listeriosis in sheep using a live, attenuated vaccine was introduced in norway in 1984. since then 65,000 to 80,000 animals have been vaccinated annually. information obtained by a questionnaire showed that the incidence of listeriosis decreased from approximately 4.0 per cent before the introduction of the vaccine to 1.5 per cent after vaccination started. the incidence of abortions was 0.7 per cent in vaccinated flocks compared to 1.1 per cent in unvaccinated flocks. there ...	1989	2505430
amino acid requirement of six strains of listeria monocytogenes.	different serovars of listeria monocytogenes grew well in a chemically defined medium. sixteen amino acids were tested for the growth of l. monocytogenes. most strains required cystine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine. phenylalanine was a stimulatory growth factor for all six strains of listeria. whilst tryptophan was essentially required by nctc 7973, lm and c-286 and stimulatory for 4155 and c-294, none of the strains did exhibit requirements of asparagine, glutamine, proline, histidine and ty ...	1989	2505787
effect of free or liposome-encapsulated muramyl dipeptide on uptake and intracellular survival of listeria monocytogenes in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro.	the effect of free versus liposome-encapsulated muramyl dipeptide (mdp) on the uptake and intracellular survival of listeria monocytogenes in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was investigated. macrophages in monolayer culture were exposed to free mdp at various concentrations during different time periods before incubation with listeria monocytogenes. an increase in bacterial uptake dependent on the concentration of mdp and the length of exposure was observed. exposure of macrophages to 200 ...	1989	2506020
listeria monocytogenes septicemia in an aids patient with a brain abscess.		1989	2506047
discrepancy in the abilities of lymphokines and bacteria to mediate tumor protection in vivo and/or tumoricidal activity by macrophages in vitro.	in the present study, the ability of lymphokines (maf and ifn gamma) and microbial agents (cp and lm) to induce and maintain tumoricidal activity in bmmp in vitro and to enhance local resistance to the da rat d-12 ascites tumor in vivo was assessed comparatively. under standard conditions in vitro, i.e., when present during the 24-hr induction and the 36-hr effector phase, both lymphokines and microbes were similarly potent for eliciting tumoricidal activity in bmmp. when the activating agents w ...	1989	2506137
[four cases of adult listeria monocytogenes infection in the last 5 years--hepatic necrotic foci in the adult septic case].	we have reported on the clinical courses of 4 cases of adult listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection, and the autopsy findings of 2 cases, those we have observed over the past 5 years. they were 2 cases of meningitis, 1 case of meningitis and sepsis and 1 case of sepsis. these 4 cases had cml, neoplastic angioendotheliosis, sle and post-renal transplant condition, as their underlying diseases, and all were receiving immunosuppressive therapy. one meningitis patient who recovered showed mild liver ...	1989	2506307
listeria spp. found on fresh market produce.	from october 1987 to august 1988, 1,000 tests were conducted on 10 types of fresh produce from two minneapolis area supermarkets to detect listeria spp. the produce included broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, cucumbers, lettuce, mushrooms, potatoes, radishes, and tomatoes. the vegetables were tested by the food and drug administration method for isolation of listeria spp., with the addition of licl-phenylethanol-moxalactam agar in the last 280 tests; 8.6 and 11.4% of these tests were posit ...	1989	2506809
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an hiv-infected patient.		1989	2506908
in vitro evaluation of ramoplanin (a16686 or mdl62198). a new depsipeptide complex for potential topical use.	ramoplanin, a new depsipeptide complex, was found to be 4- to 8-fold more active than vancomycin against all gram-positive species (500 strains). similarly, ramoplanin was both more active and had an additional spectrum compared to mupirocin (formerly pseudomonic acid) against bacillus spp., corynebacterium jeikeium, enterococci and listeria monocytogenes. mupirocin-resistant staphylococcus spp. strains (less than 1%) were identified in these organisms collected from over 40 medical centers in t ...	1989	2507218
a low degree of requirement for ia-positive macrophages and il 2 in the induction phase of listeria monocytogenes-specific t cells in vitro.	we have analyzed the priming process of listeria-specific t cells using an in vitro primary culture system. listeria-specific t cells mediating delayed footpad reaction (dfr) and acquired cellular resistance (acr) upon passive local transfer into naive recipients were generated from non-immune mouse spleen cells when stimulated with viable listeria monocytogenes primarily in vitro. the effectors were detected on the third day of culture, and culturing for 5 days was sufficient for the generation ...	1989	2507444
actin filaments and the growth, movement, and spread of the intracellular bacterial parasite, listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes was used as a model intracellular parasite to study stages in the entry, growth, movement, and spread of bacteria in a macrophage cell line. the first step in infection is phagocytosis of the listeria, followed by the dissolution of the membrane surrounding the phagosome presumably mediated by hemolysin secreted by listeria as nonhemolytic mutants remain in intact vacuoles. within 2 h after infection, each now cytoplasmic listeria becomes encapsulated by actin filaments, i ...	1989	2507553
antibacterial activity of liposome-entrapped ampicillin in vitro and in vivo in relation to the lipid composition.	the antibacterial activity of liposome-entrapped ampicillin against listeria monocytogenes was investigated in relation to the lipid composition of the liposomes. this was studied in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophages infected with l. monocytogenes, as well as in vivo in experimental l. monocytogenes infection in mice. two types of liposomes, a relatively fluid type, consisting of cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine (5:4:1), and a less fluid type, consisting of cholesterol-dist ...	1989	2507773
haemolysins and extracellular enzymes of listeria monocytogenes and l. ivanovii.	of 120 laboratory-maintained strains of listeria monocytogenes and two of l. ivanovii examined for haemolytic and lipolytic activity, 62 exhibited haemolytic activity alone, 20 of these showed haemolytic and lipolytic activity and 40 had neither activity. the l. ivanovii strains showed both activities. the results indicated a relationship between haemolysin production and lipolytic activity which was not explained by the serotype of the organism. in addition, the following hydrolytic activities ...	1989	2507786
[listeria monocytogenes: a ubiquitously occurring microorganism].		1989	2507934
[the occurrence of listeria in the production of processed meat, salami and mettwurst].	in six swiss meat-processing plants 206 samples of cured and air-dried beef (bündnerfleisch), salami and mettwurst were analyzed for the presence of listeria spp. samples were taken during the fabrication, fermentation and drying of the products. out of 44.7% of all samples listeria spp. could be detected. 6.8% turned out to be l. monocytogenes, 37.4% l. innocua and 0.5% l. seeligeri. listeria spp. were found in all production stages of the tested foods. the concentration of l. monocytogenes was ...	1989	2508223
cloning of a gene encoding a major secreted polypeptide of listeria monocytogenes and its potential use as a species-specific probe.	a gene, designated msp, that encodes a major secreted polypeptide with a molecular mass of approximately 60 kilodaltons (kda) was cloned from listeria monocytogenes 10403. dna hybridization analysis indicated that the msp gene was highly conserved among 15 independent l. monocytogenes isolates and that each of 5 isolates tested secreted a 60-kda polypeptide that was immunologically related to the msp gene product. dna sequences related to msp were not detected in any other listeria species or in ...	1989	2508555
evidence for listeria transmission by food.		1989	2509085
active and memory immunity to listeria monocytogenes infection in mice is mediated by phenotypically distinct t-cell populations.	the results of this study show that acquired protective immunity to listeria monocytogenes, measured as the capacity of splenic t cells to passively transfer acquired resistance to normal syngeneic recipients, was mediated by a population of cyclophosphamide-sensitive cd4- cd8+ t cells. the results further show, in contrast, that memory immunity to listeriosis, which was defined as resistance transferred by t cells harvested from infected animals that had received ampicillin chemotherapy, was sh ...	1989	2509327
interactions between endogenous gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor in host resistance against primary and secondary listeria monocytogenes infections.	intravenous injection of rat anti-mouse gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) monoclonal antibody as well as rabbit anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor (tnf) antibody into mice which had received a sublethal infection with listeria monocytogenes cells resulted in acceleration of listeriosis. endogenous ifn-gamma seemed to be produced early in infection, because suppression of antilisterial resistance was significant when a single injection of anti-ifn-gamma monoclonal antibody was given on day 0 or day 1 of ...	1989	2509360
listeriolysin o is essential for virulence of listeria monocytogenes: direct evidence obtained by gene complementation.	the role of listeriolysin o in the intracellular multiplication of listeria monocytogenes and, therefore, its pathogenicity was questioned through a genetic complementation study. a nonhemolytic mutant was generated by inserting a single copy of transposon tn917 in the bacterial chromosome. this insertion was localized by dna sequence analysis in hlya, the gene coding for listeriolysin o. as was another mutant that we previously characterized, this mutant was avirulent in the mouse. it was trans ...	1989	2509366
transcriptional mapping and nucleotide sequence of the listeria monocytogenes hlya region reveal structural features that may be involved in regulation.	dna sequence analysis of the regions adjacent to the hlya gene, which encodes listeriolysin o, an essential virulence factor of listeria monocytogenes, revealed the presence of two open reading frames (orfs): orf d located 304 base pairs downstream from hlya, and orf u located 224 base pairs upstream from and in opposite direction to hlya. promoter mapping performed with rnas extracted from cells growing exponentially in rich medium showed that the three orfs are independently transcribed. hlya ...	1989	2509367
temporal development of protective cell-mediated and humoral immunity in balb/c mice infected with brucella abortus.	in balb/c mice infected i.v. with attenuated strain 19 of brucella abortus, the organism replicates to high numbers in the spleen and reaches peak concentrations at 2 wk postinfection (p.i.). the infection is then progressively cleared so that by 8 wk p.i. numbers of bacteria have decreased 10,000 fold or more. passive transfer assays were performed with t cell-enriched spleen cells and serum of donor mice infected 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 8 wk previously. antibodies conferred significant protection to ...	1989	2509555
evidence that tumor necrosis factor has an important role in antibacterial resistance.	tnf is produced in the spleens of listeria-infected mice during the first 3 days of a sublethal immunizing infection. the production of listeria-induced tnf coincides with the time when peak numbers of bacteria are present in the liver and spleen. evidence suggesting that tnf produced in listeria-infected organs functions in a t cell-independent resistance mechanism comes from results showing that listeriosis is exacerbated in both t cell-intact mice and t cell-deficient (athymic nude) mice trea ...	1989	2509559
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome--limitations of conventional typing methods in tracing a foodborne source.	listeria monocytogenes is an unusual pathogen in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). we report a case of meningitis caused by l. monocytogenes in a patient with aids dementia who had eaten cheese from which a similar organism was isolated.	1989	2509568