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a modified functional appliance for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. 20123471767
recent developments in the diagnosis and management of stroke. 20123458506
disturbances of bone growth in a child who survived septic shock. 20123760793
discrimination of spectral-peak amplitude by normal and hearing-impaired subjects.the present study compared the abilities of normal and hearing-impaired subjects to discriminate differences in the spectral shapes of speechlike sounds. the minimum detectable change in amplitude of a second-formant spectral peak was determined for steady-state stimuli across a range of presentation levels. in many cases, the hearing-impaired subjects required larger spectral peaks than did the normal-hearing subjects. the performance of all subjects showed a dependence upon presentation level. ...20123558961
aids education for street kids. 20123416295
lessons in promoting preventive dentistry. 20124400470
lessons in promoting preventive dentistry. 20124400470
[planning of material needs in dental technical laboratories on the basis of material use standards for "special dentures"]. 20123303743
[is nursing care stressful?. interview by odile burrus]. 20123423604
better clinical diagnosis of contraction of the transverse brim. 20124825881
near-total gastric necrosis caused by acute gastric dilatation.gastric dilatation caused by psychogenic polyphagia or bulimia may, under extreme circumstances, progress to total gastric necrosis. we have described a patient in whom acute abdominal symptoms and signs developed while he was receiving psychiatric treatment. laparotomy showed massive gastric dilatation with near-total infarction. total gastrectomy with cervical esophagostomy, feeding and decompressing jejunostomies, and wide drainage of the gastric bed were done. after staged reconstruction, re ...20123358178
renal artery reconstruction: extended indications.renal artery reconstruction has traditionally been limited to cases of documented renal artery hypertension. we report our experience with renal artery reconstruction on 32 arteries in 23 patients over a three-year period. these procedures were done for renovascular hypertension in nine patients, for renal preservation in seven patients, and concomitantly with aortic reconstruction in seven patients. aortorenal bypass was the primary method of reconstruction, with thromboendarterectomy, primary ...20123358165
genital tumors: their management by micrographic surgery.genital tumors represent a special group requiring effective and curative treatment while functional and cosmetic demands require tissue sparing techniques. for these reasons, micrographic surgery is indicated. over the past 5 years we have treated 24 such patients utilizing standard techniques for micrographic surgery. the patient population included twenty male and four female patients with ages ranging from 27 to 80 years. histologically confirmed diagnoses included squamous cell carcinoma, b ...20123346395
impact of dosage regimens on the efficacy of antibiotics in the immunocompromised host. 20123360680
prograde versus retrograde endoscopic laser therapy for the treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction: a comparison of techniques.the prograde and retrograde approaches to the treatment of malignant esophageal obstruction with the nd:yag, or neodymium: yttrium, aluminum, garnet, laser are compared. with the prograde technique, tumor destruction proceeds from the proximal to the distal tumor margin. in retrograde treatment, the endoscope is passed to the distal tumor margin so that the treatment can proceed in the reverse direction, thereby completing therapy in a single treatment session. this is usually accomplished by pa ...20123393057
biographical sketches--87. b.a. houssay. 20123298140
humoral changes during a long-term antihypertensive treatment. 20123324708
dysfunctional uterine bleeding associated with 45x/47xxx mosaicism and von willebrand's disease.this report describes a patient with turner's mosaicism (45x/47xxx) who presented with short stature and heavy menstrual bleeding. pelvic ultrasound revealed the presence of a large right cystic ovary; the left ovary was not visualized. coagulation evaluation demonstrated von willebrand's disease.20123542918
[effectiveness of laser therapy in bechterew's disease].altogether 33 patients with bekhterev's disease were given external irradiation of the spine and joints using he-ne laser: 20 patients received laser therapy combined with indomethacin at a daily dose of 75-100 mg, 13 patients received laser therapy alone without indomethacin as a result of its intolerance. a course included 20 sessions of irradiation. therapeutic efficacy was assessed by a number of clinicolaboratory indices. the most noticeable effect was observed in the combination of nonster ...20123293253
van der waals forces between cylinders. i. nonretarded forces between thin isotropic rods and finite size corrections.the free energy of interaction of two long thin dielectric cylinders is evaluated in the nonretarded limit by the method of van kampen. the result includes all nonadditive many body forces and the effects of an intervening medium. in the limit of dilute systems the result reduces to that obtained by summation of r(-6) pair potentials.20124696762
[studies on the blood constituents of the neonates delivered by the induced delivery of the defense medical college method].for the assessment of the influence of the defense medical college planned delivery method upon neonates, the measurement of the blood constituents of the umbilical cord was conducted. statistically speaking, no marked differences were seen between the neonates delivered by the defense medical college method and neonates delivered naturally. the blood constituents investigated were: blood cells, activity of various enzymes, other blood constituents and electrolytes.20123457089
agoraphobia and parental bereavement.the prevalence of parental bereavement was determined in 50 married female outpatients with a dsm-iii diagnosis of agoraphobia and in a control group of married female outpatients diagnosed as having non-psychotic psychiatric disorders other than agoraphobia. the two groups were matched for age and overall severity of psychiatric symptoms. compared with the general population, the patient control group reported a statistically significant excess of parental, but not maternal, bereavement. the ag ...20123435374
dissolution of theophylline from sustained-release dosage forms and correlation with saliva bioavailability parameters.correlation between in vitro dissolution characteristics and in vivo salivary bioavailability parameters of four commercial sustained-release and one immediate-release theophylline (tp) or aminophylline dosage forms were examined. area under the saliva concentration-time curve up to 6 h (auc0----6), peak saliva concentration (cmax), and fraction absorbed in 1 h (f1), based on saliva concentration following oral administration of tp or aminophylline dosage forms to five volunteers, were closely c ...20123430341
long-term follow-up and complications of infants with vulvovaginal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.the long-term follow-up is presented of three infants with vulvovaginal rhabdomyosarcoma treated at 10, 11, and 15 months of age by radical surgery, pelvic radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. two patients developed colonic stricture requiring operative repair. one of these two patients also has urinary incontinence secondary to severe bladder contraction. pelvic radiation did not significantly affect stature. lateral transposition of the ovaries at the time of surgery preserved endocrine functi ...20123347430
altered sensitivity of the gallbladder to cholecystokinin octapeptide in irritable bowel syndrome.we compared responses of the gallbladder to graded intravenous infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide (cck-op) in normal controls (n = 8) and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) with predominant constipation (n = 8) or diarrhea (n = 8). the doses of cck-op ranged from subphysiological (negligible contraction of the gallbladder) to supraphysiological (90% contraction of gallbladder and abdominal side effects) amounts. all gallbladders contracted progressively in response to cck-op, and ...20123318495
application of pvd tin coating to co-cr-mo based surgical implants.the requirements for successful joint arthroplasty are particularly exacting; a balanced combination of mechanical properties together with good biocompatibility are essential. co-cr based alloys have been used for many years on account of their relative inertness, good load bearing properties and excellent wear resistance. there is, however, concern that a slow accumulation of metal ions such as cobalt and chromium can lead to adverse clinical reactions; modern cementless fixation techniques ma ...20123427147
coronary artery disease presenting with exercise induced complete heart block. a case report. 20123454398
neuropsychological improvement following endarterectomy as a function of outcome measure and reconstructed vessel.30 patient receiving right or left carotid reconstruction and 15 medically matched controls were compared pre- and post-surgically on measures of motor speed, sustained vigilance, verbal memory and verbal and nonverbal intellectual function. the group receiving right sided vessel reconstruction demonstrated the largest post-operative improvement in intellectual function in any of the groups. the findings suggest that increased blood perfusion following right sided endarterectomy facilitates the ...20123416605
the effects of task complexity on motor performance in left and right cva patients.the effects of task complexity on movement ipsilateral to lesion were examined using the fitts tapping task [fitts, p.m., j. exp. psychol. 47, 381-391, 1954]. subjects were required to rapidly tap two targets, which were 1 or 4 cm wide. twenty controls and ten left hemisphere and nine right hemisphere stroke patients were studied. only the left hemisphere group showed significant deficits with greater impairment found in the wide target condition. quantified ct scan analyses indicated lesion vol ...20123431674
hypothermia and the action of neuromuscular blocking agents. 20123354819
the t cell receptor: its repertoire and role in thymocyte development. 20123498291
electrophysiological effects of mexiletine in patients of sinus node dysfunction and intraventricular conduction defects. 20123557516
electrophysiological effects of mexiletine in patients of sinus node dysfunction and intraventricular conduction defects. 20123557516
a pedigree of leber's congenital amaurosis.a pedigree of leber's congenital amaurosis compatible with autosomal recessive trait is reported. two male infants from consanguineous parents had remarkable visual loss within the first year of life, with sluggish pupillary responses, poor fixations, minimal eyeground changes and absent electroretinograms on presentations at the ages of four or 14 months. follow-up studies revealed definite progressions of eyeground abnormalities consisting of attenuated retinal arterioles, pepper- and salt-lik ...20123405591
blood glucose control and diabetic complications.two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the appearance of microvascular complications in diabetic patients with glycemic control. the genetic hypothesis suggests that the development of diabetic complications is genetically determined and independent of diabetic control, whereas the metabolic hypothesis suggests that long-term hyperglycemia causes the subsequent development of small-blood-vessel complications. we review data that either support or reject these hypotheses and suggest a third ...20123524339
the hemostatic mechanism: the role of platelets in physiology and bleeding states.the most recent information about platelets and their role in hemostasis is presented. the intimate cooperation between platelets, coagulation, and the vessel wall (the thrombohemorrhagic balance) is outlined. clinical correlates (congenital and acquired bleeding states) to the various physiological stages and the possible effects on hemostasis of the unique acidic environment of the stomach are briefly discussed.20123321399
[left ventricular wall thickness in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: comparisons of measurements by magnetic resonance imaging, cineangiography, and echocardiography].to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in measuring regional wall thickness of the left ventricle, 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hcm) were imaged. the measurements were compared with those obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography (2d-echo) and cineangiography. regional wall thickness was ascertained at six locations including the base, middle, and apex of the interventricular septum (ivs) and left ventricular posterior wall (lvpw) from the two selected ...20123267712
[crystalline structures of the saliva, their nature and properties]. 20123411011
dissociated ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy in one-and-a-half syndrome: a clinicopathologic study.we report a patient with a one-and-a-half syndrome due to an isolated small infarction in the left rostral part of the paramedian pontine reticular formation and the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. oculocephalic movements toward the left were preserved (dissociated ipsilateral horizontal conjugate gaze palsy).20123399079
[let us restore historical justice]. 20123312913
[pit and fissure sealants. the effect of etching depends on the differences in tooth surface cleaning methods, and the method of cleaning pits and fissures]. 20123526496
health effects of ionizing radiation: dr. sagan's paradigms. 20123570808
connecting the ceruleus and the coronaries. 20123400609
the incidence of symptomatic urolithiasis in royal naval submariners comparison with personnel of the surface fleet. 20123256633
risk factors for infantile recurrent otitis media: atopy but not type of feeding.we followed 183 infants from birth to 2.3 yr of age. of these infants 28 had recurrent otitis media (rom), defined as five or more separate episodes of otitis media (om) during the first 2 yr of life or four such episodes during their 2nd yr. the om presented during their 1st yr (early-onset rom) in 12 infants and during their 2nd yr (2nd yr rom) in 16. eighty infants had no om and served as a comparison group. regarding type of feeding, the infants with early-onset rom did not differ from their ...20123387173
antidesmosomal monoclonal antibody in the diagnosis of intracranial tumours.immunocytochemistry has been applied extensively to the diagnosis of intracranial tumours, but meningiomas still present a diagnostic problem. however, desmosomes have been shown by electron microscopy to be present in meningiomas, and this distinguishes them from gliomas. this paper describes a new monoclonal antibody, 11-5f, against desmosomal proteins 1 and 2 (desmoplakins) and assesses its usefulness in the diagnosis of meningiomas and other intracranial tumours. a total of 74 surgically rem ...20123323433
appetitive learning by old mice.groups of c57bl/6j (b6) and dba/2j (d2) mice, aged 100 to 700 days, were trained on 7 appetitive learning tasks in order to determine which tasks might be suitable for studies of learning by old mice. old b6 and d2 mice were both deficient in learning a discrimination reversal and two complex maze tasks; age did not affect performance on a simple spatial discrimination by subjects from either strain. three tasks yielded strain-specific results. old b6, but not old d2, animals were impaired on a ...20123569392
[sister chromatid exchange and accidental exposure to phenyl-mercury acetate]. 20123504672
the opioid system in the restless legs and nocturnal myoclonus syndromes. 20123505737
the effect of dummy-sucking on the occlusion: a review. 20123522253
the independent effect of ethnicity on cardiovascular fitness. 20123623511
design of dental equipment for remote rural and field areas.in the context of providing dental services, remote areas may be defined as those with overall low population densities; or isolated areas of low population density within more populous regions; or areas of high population density remote from dental services. the provision of equipment for remote areas is not simply a matter of extending the supply of conventional operatories to these regions. the particular needs of a region must be assessed first with equipment and instruments being selected t ...20123468078
msms members have new group health option. 20123347170
[insulin resistance in type i diabetes]. 20123302473
expression of vibrio vulnificus insulin-degrading enzyme is regulated by the camp-crp complex.components of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) : carbohydrate phosphortransferase system (pts) have multiple regulatory roles in addition to pep-dependent transport/phosphorylation of numerous carbohydrates. we have recently shown that, in an opportunistic human pathogen, vibrio vulnificus, enzyme iia(glc) (eiia(glc)) interacts with a peptidase that has high sequence similarity to mammalian insulin-degrading enzymes, called vibrio insulin-degrading enzyme (vide). although the vide-eiia(gl ...201222361942
identification of the fur-binding site in regulatory region of the vulnibactin-receptor gene in vibrio vulnificus.the vibrio vulnificus vuua gene, of which expression is repressed by a complex of iron and ferric uptake regulator (fur), was characterized to localize the fur-binding site in its upstream regulatory region. in silico analysis suggested the presence of two possible fur-binding sites; one is a classical fur-box and the other is a previously reported distinct fur-binding site. site-directed mutagenesis and dnase i protection assays revealed the binding site for the iron-fur complex, which includes ...201222297218
development and validation of a predictive model for the growth of vibrio vulnificus in postharvest shellstock oysters.postharvest growth of vibrio vulnificus in oysters can increase risk of human infection. unfortunately, limited information is available regarding v. vulnificus growth and survival patterns over a wide range of storage temperatures in oysters harvested from different estuaries and in different oyster species. in this study, we developed a predictive model for v. vulnificus growth in eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) harvested from chesapeake bay, md, over a temperature range of 5 to 30°c a ...201222247136
vibrio vulnificus aphb is involved in interleukin-8 production via an nf-κb-dependent pathway in human intestinal epithelial cells.we previously reported that the aphb gene mutant of vibrio vulnificus had significantly impaired motility and adherence to host cells. in this study, we investigated the role of v. vulnificus aphb on the production of interleukin-8 (il-8), a proinflammatory cytokine, as well as its underlying mechanism in human intestinal epithelial int-407 cells. the aphb gene mutation significantly reduced the ability of v. vulnificus to stimulate il-8 production and il-8 gene promoter activation in int-407 ce ...201222234306
prevalence and population structure of vibrio vulnificus on fishes from the northern gulf of mexico.the prevalence of vibrio vulnificus on the external surfaces of fish from the northern gulf of mexico was determined in this study. a collection of 242 fish comprising 28 species was analyzed during the course of 12 sampling trips over a 16-month period. the prevalence of v. vulnificus was 37% but increased up to 69% in summer. a positive correlation was found between the percentages of v. vulnificus-positive fish and water temperatures, while salinity and v. vulnificus-positive fish prevalence ...201222923394
effect of hyperbaric oxygen on vibrio vulnificus and murine infection caused by it.vibrio vulnificus is a bacterium known to cause fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection in humans. here, a remarkable therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (hbo) on v. vulnificus infection provoked by its injection into mouse footpads is described. hbo was shown to be bactericidal to this bacterium in vitro as well as in the infected tissue. the bactericidal activity of hbo was shown to be due to reactive oxygen species (ros), the efficacy of hbo against v. vulnificus infection being accounted ...201222775062
crystallization of an atypical short-chain dehydrogenase from vibrio vulnificus lacking the conserved catalytic tetrad.short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are a rapidly expanding superfamily of enzymes that are found in all kingdoms of life. hallmarked by a highly conserved asn-ser-tyr-lys catalytic tetrad, sdrs have a broad substrate spectrum and play diverse roles in key metabolic processes. locus tag vva1599 in vibrio vulnificus encodes a short-chain dehydrogenase (hereafter referred to as sdrvv) which lacks the signature catalytic tetrad of sdr members. structure-based protein sequence alignments ha ...201222750861
complete genome sequence of vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage ssp002.vibrio vulnificus phages are abundant in coastal marine environments, shellfish, clams, and oysters. ssp002, a v. vulnificus-specific bacteriophage, was isolated from oysters from the west coast of south korea. in this study, the complete genome of ssp002 was sequenced and analyzed for the first time among the v. vulnificus-specific bacteriophages.201222733877
evidence that the vibrio vulnificus flagellar regulator flhf is regulated by a quorum sensing master regulator smcr.a single polar flagellum and motility are potential virulence factors of vibrio vulnificus, a foodborne pathogen. in the present study, the functions of flhf and regulatory characteristics of the flhf expression of v. vulnificus were investigated. a deletion mutation in flhf abolished motility, flagella formation and flagellin synthesis, and introduction of flhf in trans complemented the defects. the flhf mutant revealed decreased expression of the class iii and iv flagella genes, indicating tha ...201222679105
pyrosequencing-based comparative genome analysis of vibrio vulnificus environmental isolates.between 1996 and 2006, the us centers for disease control reported that the only category of food-borne infections increasing in frequency were those caused by members of the genus vibrio. the gram-negative bacterium vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous inhabitant of estuarine waters, and is the number one cause of seafood-related deaths in the us. many v. vulnificus isolates have been studied, and it has been shown that two genetically distinct subtypes, distinguished by 16s rdna and other gene po ...201222662170
vibrio vulnificus sepsis misdiagnosed as simple deep vein thrombosis.a 46-year-old man was transferred to the emergency department and suspected of having a deep vein thrombosis. the patient reported swelling and pain in both lower legs for 16 hours. his medical history included liver cirrhosis secondary to alcohol. a detailed history revealed raw fish consumption 1 day before admission. within 2 hours of arrival, several hemorrhagic bullae developed in the color-changed lesions of both lower legs. the patient's level of consciousness deteriorated to a stupor. he ...201222633714
sharing of prey: coinfection of a bacterium by a virus and a prokaryotic predator.rarely, if ever, has a single bacterial cell been confirmed to simultaneously host two fundamentally different predators. two such predators are viruses and the predatory prokaryotes known as bdellovibrio and like organisms. viruses or bacteriophage are particles requiring prey cells in an active metabolic state to complete their life cycle. the bdellovibrio and like organisms, unlike viruses, are bacteria that can efficiently infect and grow in prey which are in stationary phase. in this study, ...201222511350
distribution and survival of vibrio vulnificus genotypes in postharvest gulf coast (usa) oysters under refrigeration.the effect of refrigeration on the seafood-borne pathogen vibrio vulnificus was investigated in terms of genotype selection and persistence in refrigerated oysters.201222507030
the ttpc gene is contained in two of three tonb systems in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus, but only one is active in iron transport and virulence.the tonb system of proteins is required for the energy-dependent active transport of iron-bound substrates across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. we have identified three tonb systems within the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. the tonb1 system contains the tonb1, exbd1, and exbb1 proteins, whereas both the ttpc2-tonb2 and ttpc3-tonb3 systems contain an additional fourth protein, ttpc. here we report that ttpc3, although highly related to ttpc2, is inactive in iron transport, wher ...201222505675
additive function of vibrio vulnificus martx(vv) and vvha cytolysins promotes rapid growth and epithelial tissue necrosis during intestinal infection.vibrio vulnificus is a pathogen that causes both severe necrotizing wound infections and life-threatening food-borne infections. food-borne infection is particularly lethal as the infection can progress rapidly to primary septicemia resulting in death from septic shock and multiorgan failure. in this study, we use both bioluminescence whole animal imaging and v. vulnificus bacterial colonization of orally infected mice to demonstrate that the secreted multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx toxin (ma ...201222457618
apparent loss of vibrio vulnificus from north carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity.despite years of successful isolation of vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture v. vulnificus from either north carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. after employing culture-based methods as well as pcr and quantitative pcr for the detection of v. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the north carolina estuarine ecosystem. we ensured that the techniques were sou ...201222447591
quantitative pcr and in vivo efficacy of antibiotics in the treatment of vibrio vulnificus infection in a mouse model.the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) recommend oral or intravenous doxycycline plus a third-generation cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone alone for the treatment of vibrio vulnificus infections. until now, no study has compared oral with parenteral administered doxycycline with respect to their in vivo efficacy. in the present work, icr mice infected with a high dose of v. vulnificus were administered ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline. the bacterial dna copy number in sur ...201222434454
[preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibody against vibrio vulnificus].to prepare high-performance and specific monoclonal antibody (mab) against vibrio vulnificus and carry out characterization.201222394637
the regulator hlyu, the repeat-in-toxin gene rtxa1, and their roles in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus infections.hlyu is a master regulator that plays an essential role in the virulence of the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus. one of the most noteworthy characteristics of hlyu regulation in this organism is its positive control of the expression of the repeat-in-toxin (rtxa1) gene, one of the most important virulence factors accounting for the fulminating and damaging nature of v. vulnificus infections. in this work, we reviewed the latest studies of rtxa1 in this bacterium and highlight the mechanism of g ...201223233275
localization of vibrio vulnificus infection in dendritic cells and its effects on the cytoskeleton.vibrio vulnificus (vv) is an estuarine bacterium that can cause primary septicemia as well as serious wound infections. however, little is known about the mechanisms by which vv infects dendritic cells (dcs) and its effects on cytoskeleton. in this study, we aimed to investigate the invasion, internalization, and the organelles damage of the cultured dendritic cells (a dc 2.4 strain) during vv infection.201223217398
genome sequence of the human-pathogenetic bacterium vibrio vulnificus b2.vibrio vulnificus, which can lead to rapidly expanding cellulitis or septicemia, is present in the marine environment. here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain b2, which was isolated from a septicemia patient in 2010.201223209257
the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score for discernment of necrotizing fasciitis originated from vibrio vulnificus infections.the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (lrinec) score has been verified as a useful diagnostic tool for detecting necrotizing fasciitis (nf). its application, however, is mainly for nf types i and ii. the practical relevance of the lrinec score for vibro vulnificus-related skin and soft tissue infection (ssti) was hardly ever investigated. the aim of this study was to assess the applicability of the lrinec scoring system and to identify nf-predicting factors in patients with v. ...201223188248
iron-mediated regulation of metalloprotease vvpe production in vibrio vulnificus.in vibrio vulnificus, the production of metalloprotease vvpe is controlled by crp (camp-receptor protein) and smcr (a quorum sensing regulator) at the transcription level, and by pild-mediated type ii general secretion system (ttgss) at the extracellular secretion level. iron is known to stimulate vvpe production but the related mechanisms remain unidentified. iron stimulated vvpe transcription and extracellular vvpe production even in the background with a crp and/or smcr mutation. iron stimula ...201223109016
distinct characteristics of two 2-cys peroxiredoxins of vibrio vulnificus suggesting differential roles in detoxifying oxidative stress.peroxiredoxins (prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes reducing toxic peroxides. two distinct 2-cys prxs, prx1 and prx2, were identified in vibrio vulnificus, a facultative aerobic pathogen. both prxs have two conserved catalytic cysteines, c(p) and c(r), but prx2 is more homologous in amino acid sequences to eukaryotic prx than to prx1. prx2 utilized thioredoxin a as a reductant, whereas prx1 required ahpf. prx2 contained ggig and fl motifs similar to the motifs conserved in sensitive prxs an ...201223095744
structural characterization of a modification subunit of a putative type i restriction enzyme from vibrio vulnificus yj016.in multifunctional type i restriction enzymes, active methyltransferases (mtases) are constituted of methylation (hsdm) and specificity (hsds) subunits. in this study, the crystal structure of a putative hsdm subunit from vibrio vulnificus yj016 (vvhsdm) was elucidated at a resolution of 1.80 å. a cofactor-binding site for s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam, a methyl-group donor) is formed within the c-terminal domain of an α/β-fold, in which a number of residues are conserved, including the gxgg and ...201223090406
[effects of three antigens extracted from vibrio vulnificus on the immunological protection of nibea albiflora].nibea albiflora was immunized by intraperitoneal injection with either lipopolysaccharide (lps) or outer membrane protein (omp) extracted from vibrio vulnificus or formalin killed vibrio vulnificus (fkc). the influence of the three antigens on the immunological function of nibea albiflora was determined at different time points following the injection by testing the agglutinating antibody titers of the serum, lysozyme activity of the serum, phagocytic activity of the blood and the relative survi ...201223019033
regulatory characteristics of the vibrio vulnificus rtxhca operon encoding a martx toxin.vibrio vulnificus martx encoded by rtxa, an open reading frame of the rtxhca operon, is essential for virulence in vitro and in mice. in this study, a primer extension analysis revealed that transcription of the rtxhca operon begins at a single site, and is under the direction of a single promoter, p( rtxhca ). p( rtxhca ) activity appeared at the beginning of growth and reached a maximum in mid-exponential phase. p( rtxhca ) activity was induced by exposure to int-407 cells, and the membrane fr ...201222996810
characterization of genes involved in ceramide metabolism in the pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas).the lipid signaling molecule, ceramide, is a key component of the vertebrate stress response, however, there is limited information concerning its role in invertebrate species. in order to identify genes involved in ceramide metabolism in bivalve molluscs, pacific oyster genomic resources were examined for genes associated with ceramide metabolism and signaling.201222974230
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the putative nadp(h)-dependent oxidoreductase yncb from vibrio vulnificus.the yncb gene product from vibrio vulnificus, which belongs to the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (mdr) superfamily, was crystallized using the microbatch crystallization method at 295 k. diffraction data sets were collected using synchrotron radiation. crystals of selenomethionine-substituted yncb protein belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 90.52, b = 91.56, c = 104.79 å. assuming the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit, the solvent content wa ...201222949204
real-time pcr optimization to identify environmental vibrio spp. strains.to identify vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio alginolyticus using standardized dna extraction method and real-time pcr assays, among a large number of bacterial strains isolated from marine environment.201222639795
genome sequence of the human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus type strain atcc 27562.vibrio vulnificus, which is, like vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen of humankind, is a gram-negative, curved, motile, and rod-shaped bacterium [corrected] here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain, atcc 27562, which was the first isolated vibrio vulnificus strain.201223209214
light-scattering sensor for real-time identification of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae colonies on solid agar plate.the three most common pathogenic species of vibrio, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, are of major concerns due to increased incidence of water- and seafood-related outbreaks and illness worldwide. current methods are lengthy and require biochemical and molecular confirmation. a novel label-free forward light-scattering sensor was developed to detect and identify colonies of these three pathogens in real time in the presence of other vibrios in food or water samples ...201222613192
sequence analyses of type iv pili from vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus.bacterial surface structures called pili have been studied extensively for their role as possible colonization factors. most sequenced vibrio genomes predict a variety of pili genes in these organisms, including several types of type iv pili. in particular, the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) and the pila pili, also known as the chitin-regulated pilus (chirp), are type iva pili commonly found in vibrio genomes and have been shown to play a role in the colonization of vibrio species in the ...201222383120
sialic acid catabolism and transport gene clusters are lineage specific in vibrio vulnificus.sialic or nonulosonic acids are nine-carbon alpha ketosugars that are present in all vertebrate mucous membranes. among bacteria, the ability to catabolize sialic acid as a carbon source is present mainly in pathogenic and commensal species of animals. previously, it was shown that several vibrio species carry homologues of the genes required for sialic acid transport and catabolism, which are genetically linked. in vibrio cholerae on chromosome i, these genes are carried on the vibrio pathogeni ...201222344665
cyclic amp and cyclic amp-receptor protein modulate the autoinducer-2-mediated quorum sensing system in vibrio vulnificus.this study was undertaken to determine whether cyclic amp (camp) or camp-receptor protein (crp) modulates the activity of the autoinducer (ai)-2-mediated quorum sensing (qs) system in response to glucose availability in vibrio vulnificus. a mutation in crp impaired v. vulnificus growth, decreased ai-2 production, and repressed the expression of smcr encoding the master regulator smcr (a vibrio harveyi luxr homolog) of the ai-2-qs system, and these changes were prevented by in trans complementati ...201222961036
the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of hen igy against vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.the inhibitory effect of igy against vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus responsible for seafood-borne diseases was investigated in this study. water-soluble fractions (wsf) of protein containing igys were isolated from the egg yolk of hens initially immunized with formalin inactivated v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus. protein, total and specific igy contents of the wsf were determined. the inhibitory and protective effects of igys on the growth of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnif ...201223075795
predatory bacteria as natural modulators of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in seawater and oysters.this study shows that naturally occurring vibrio predatory bacteria (vpb) exert a major role in controlling pathogenic vibrios in seawater and shellfish. the growth and persistence of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus were assessed in natural seawater and in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. the pathogens examined were v. vulnificus strain vv1003, v. parahaemolyticus o1:kut (kut stands for k untypeable), and v. parahaemolyticus o3:k6 and corresponding o3:k6 mutants deficient ...201222904049
ecology of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in the coastal and estuarine waters of louisiana, maryland, mississippi, and washington (united states).vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus, which are native to estuaries globally, are agents of seafood-borne or wound infections, both potentially fatal. like all vibrios autochthonous to coastal regions, their abundance varies with changes in environmental parameters. sea surface temperature (sst), sea surface height (ssh), and chlorophyll have been shown to be predictors of zooplankton and thus factors linked to vibrio populations. the contribution of salinity, conductivity, turbidity, a ...201222865080
depuration of oysters (crassostrea gigas) contaminated with vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus with uv light and chlorinated seawater.the efficacy of depuration using uv light and chlorinated seawater for decontaminating vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from oysters was investigated. oysters were contaminated with a five-strain cocktail of v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to levels of 10(4) to 10(5) cfu ml(-1) for bioaccumulation. the depuration was conducted in a closed system in which 350 liters of seawater was recirculated at a rate of 7 liters/min for 48 h at room temperature. counts of v. parahaemolyticus ...201222856577
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in oysters by high-hydrostatic pressure and mild heat.several recent outbreaks associated with oysters have heightened safety concerns of raw shellfish consumptions, with the majority being attributed to vibrio spp. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of high-hydrostatic pressure (hhp) followed by mild heating on the inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in live oysters. inoculated oysters were randomly subjected to: a) pressurization at 200-300 mpa for 2 min at 21 °c, b) mild heat treatment at 40, 45 or ...201222850390
dna array with the groesl intergenic sequence to detect vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.the untranscribed dna sequences of the intergenic spacer regions (isrs) in the groesl gene of 23 vibrio species were determined and compared. isr sequence length (41-85 bp) was variable. vibrio species could be divided into three groups according to the length and homology of their isr sequences. dna array hybridization using isr-specific probes accurately distinguished vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from other species.201222342881
antibiofilm activity of dendrophthoe falcata against different bacterial pathogens.dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant commonly used for ailments such as ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, menstrual troubles, pulmonary tuberculosis, and wounds. in this context, the validations of the traditional claim that the leaf extract of d. falcata possesses antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity against different bacterial pathogens were assessed. the bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining. among the 17 bacterial pathogens screened ...201223115018
development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect five common gram-negative bacteria of aquatic animals.a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) technique was developed as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for identifying five major gram-negative bacilli -vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, aeromonas hydrophila, chryseobacterium meningosepticum and edwardsiella tarda- that cause major diseases in cultured aquatic animals in taiwan. the expected amplicons for v. vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, a. hydrophila, c. meningosepticum and e. tarda were 410, 368, 685, 180 and 230bp, respectivel ...201222571515
iron and quorum sensing coordinately regulate the expression of vulnibactin biosynthesis in vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic marine pathogen associated with human diseases such as septicemia and serious wound infections. genes vvsa and vvsb, which are co-transcribed and encode a member of the nonribosomal peptide synthase family, are required for vulnibactin biosynthesis in v. vulnificus. in this study, we found that quorum sensing represses the transcription of a vvsab-lux reporter fusion. gel shift assay and dnasei footprinting experiments show that the main regulator of quorum sens ...201222696215
predatory bacteriovorax communities ordered by various prey species.the role of predation in altering microbial communities has been studied for decades but few examples are known for bacterial predators. bacteriovorax are halophilic prokaryotes that prey on susceptible gram-negative bacteria. we recently reported novel observations on the differential selection of bacteriovorax phylotypes by two different prey, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. however, the conclusion is restricted by the limited number of prey tested. in this study, we have conduc ...201222461907
the tonb3 system in the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus is under the control of the global regulators lrp and cyclic amp receptor protein.tonb systems transduce the proton motive force of the cytoplasmic membrane to energize substrate transport through a specific tonb-dependent transporter across the outer membrane. vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic marine pathogen that can cause a fatal septicemic disease in humans and eels, possesses three tonb systems. while the tonb1 and tonb2 systems are iron regulated, the tonb3 system is induced when the bacterium grows in human serum. in this work we have determined the essential roles o ...201222307757
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