Publications

ataxia-telangiectasia and hepatocellular carcinoma.	ataxia-telangiectasia (at) is a multi-system disease involving the cerebellum, cutaneous blood vessels and the immune system including both cellular and humoral components. it also involves hematological, endocrine and peripheral nervous systems. this disease is often associated with abnormal liver function tests, such as, raised alkaline phosphatase and various nonspecific histological changes in the liver. high incidence of various malignancies involving lymphoreticular, gastrointestinal and m ...	2001	92892
[new data on glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans].	the most important investigations on glycose aminoglycans and proteoglycans, carried out within the recent 5-7 years, are reviewed. data on primary structures repeating in glycose aminoglycans and on relationship between these biopolymers and protein components in proteoglycans are considered. newer information on conformational characteristics of glycose aminoglycans, various complexes aggregation of proteoglycans and distribution of the biopolymers in animal tissues and cells is discussed. pro ...	2001	88130
regional differences in tumor growth: studies of the vascular system.		2001	98454
psychological troubles at the menopause.		2001	87786
the effect of heat shock on gene expression in drosophila melanogaster.		2001	98271
a rapid trichrome staining procedure for the identification of tissue types.		2001	88427
correlation of histology and ultrastructure in pathology specimens.		2001	98630
editorial: microbiological safety.		2001	55659
imaging the carpal tunnel.		2001	2190578
road traffic accidents: the doctor's point of view.	one-hundred and thirty-five road traffic accident admissions (38.8% of all accidents analysed) were studied with respect to their age, sex, and distribution of injuries. it was found that the adolescent and young adult males were mostly affected. the bed utilization rate in the wards where these accident victims were admitted was found to be lower than for other wards. ways by which the services in hospitals--both specialist and general--can be organized for a more economic and efficient care of ...	2001	97953
effect, on serum lipid levels of omega-3 fatty acids, of ingesting fish-oil concentrate.		2001	92666
survivability of shigella dysenteriae type 1 & s. flexneri 2a in laboratory conditions simulating aquatic environment.	information about the duration of survival of shigellae in water is speculative. the present study was undertaken to assess the duration of survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri type 2a in the laboratory conditions simulating the aquatic environment, their invasive property and the association of different physico-chemical parameters in the survival process.	2001	12040763
characterization of cryptic flagellin genes in shigella boydii and shigella dysenteriae.	flagellin (flic) genes of 12 shigella boydii and five shigella dysenteriae strains were characterized. though these strains are nonmotile, the cryptic flicsb gene, cloned from s. boydii strain c3, is functional for expression of flagellin. it consists of 1,704 bp, and encodes 568 amino acid residues (57,918 da). the flicsd gene from s. dysenteriae strain 16 consists of 1,650 bp encoding 549 amino acid residues (57,591 da) and contains an is1 element inserted in its 3' end. the two genes are comp ...	2001	11434456
drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: incidence, prevention and management.	the term thrombotic microangiopathy (tma) describes syndromes characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and variable signs of organ damage due to platelet thrombi in the microcirculation. in children, infections with shigella dysenteriae type 1 or particular strains of escherichia coli are the most common cause of tma; in adults, a variety of underlying causes have been identified, such as bacterial and viral infections, bone marrow and organ transplantation, pregnan ...	2001	11444722
inverse expression of p(k) and luke blood group antigens on human rbcs.	luke (lke) is a high-frequency rbc antigen, related to the p blood group system. a lke-negative phenotype is found in 1 to 2 percent of donors and may be associated with increased p(k). because p(k) and similar glycolipids are receptors for shiga toxin on cell membranes, a lke-negative phenotype could have implications for infections by shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli.	2001	11452158
dysentery in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus in zimbabwe: an emerging role for schistosoma mansoni and escherichia coli o157?	information on bloody diarrhoea in hiv-positives is scarce. a prospective study was therefore performed, in zimbabwe, to determine and compare the pathogens associated with bloody diarrhoea in 25 antiretroviral-naïve hiv-infected patients and 15 non-hiv-infected patients. stool cultures and colonic biopsies were performed. shigella was isolated from 18 (45%) of the subjects, schistosoma mansoni from eight (16%), escherichia coli h7:o157 from three (8%) and campylobacter jejunii from two (5%). th ...	2001	11487372
correlation between congo red binding and contact haemolysin production in shigella species.	haemolytic strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii and shigella sonnei cultured on congo red agar produced pigmented colonies (pcr+) whereas nonhaemolytic strains produced white colonies and did not bind congo red (pcr-). s. flexneri-1 haemolysin negative mutant (lacking plasmid) of haemolysin positive prototroph also did not bind congo red and produced nonpigmented colonies. among the twelve strains of shigella included in this study, the characteristics of co ...	2001	11491522
shiga toxins.	shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins belong to the group of protein toxins which have a moiety that binds to the cell surface and another enzymatically active moiety that after entry into the cytosol inhibits protein synthesis enzymatically. the toxins can also cause apoptosis by mechanisms that may be different from the effect on the protein synthesis machinery. shigella dysenteriae, some strains of escherichia coli as well as other bacteria can secrete such toxins which cause serious complication ...	2001	11595626
sequence analysis of four shigella boydii o-antigen loci: implication for escherichia coli and shigella relationships.	shigella strains are in reality clones of escherichia coli and are believed to have emerged relatively recently (g. m. pupo, r. lan, and p. r. reeves, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:10567-10572, 2000). there are 33 o-antigen forms in these shigella clones, of which 12 are identical to o antigens of other e. coli strains. we sequenced o-antigen gene clusters from shigella boydii serotypes 4, 5, 6, and 9 and also studied the o53- and o79-antigen gene clusters of e. coli, encoding o antigens identic ...	2001	11598067
gene cloning and characterization of alanine racemases from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei.	alanine racemase genes (alr) from shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, and shigella sonnei were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli jm109. all genes encoded a polypeptide of 359 amino acids, and showed more than 99% sequence identities with each other. in particular, the s. dysenteriae alr was identical with the s. flexneri alr. differences in the amino acid sequences between the four shigella enzymes were only two residues: gly138 in s. dysenteriae and s. flexneri (glu ...	2001	11676496
shiga-toxin-converting bacteriophages.	shiga toxins (stx) comprise a family of potent cytotoxins that are involved in severe human disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and nonhuman sources, and by shigella dysenteriae type 1. the genes encoding stx are thought to be generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx phages). they share a unique position in the late region of the phage genome downstream of the late promoter pr'. this location suggests that expr ...	2001	11686382
pathogenesis of infectious diarrhea.	a brief overview of some of the main features involved in normal physiological bi-directional absorption and secretion of fluid in the gut is given, including the nature and cellular location of key enzymes, ion pumps, symports, antiports and diffusion channels; the microanatomy of intestinal villous vasculature and the dynamics of villus blood flow, which together generate hypertonic zones in villus tip regions; and the production, differentiation, escalator movement (from crypt to villus tip) ...	2001	11694903
validation of salmonellosis and shigellosis diagnostic test kits at a provincial hospital in thailand.	rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis and shigellosis was performed using six different diagnostic test kits which recently have been made available commercially. they were salmo-dot, typhi-dot, shigel dot a, b, c, and d test kits for detection of salmonella spp., group d salmonellae, and groups a, b, c, and d shigella spp., respectively. the principle of all test kits is a membrane (dot) elisa using specific monoclonal antibodies to the respective pathogens as the detection reagents. the present stu ...	2001	11699718
characterization of a shiga toxin-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei.	a shiga toxin (stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of shigella sonnei strain cb7888 was investigated for its morphology, dna similarity, host range, and lysogenization in shigella and escherichia coli strains. phage 7888 formed plaques on a broad spectrum of shigella strains belonging to different species and serotypes, including stx-producing shigella dysenteriae type 1. with e. coli, only strains with rough lipopolysaccharide were sensitive to this phage. the phage integrated into the genome ...	2001	11705937
conformation of the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1: molecular modeling shows a helical structure with efficient exposure of the antigenic determinant alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp.	the o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 1, which has the repeating tetrasaccharide unit -->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-d-galp-(1-->3)-alpha-d-glcnacp-(1--> (a-b-c-d), is a major virulence factor, and it is believed that antibodies against this polysaccharide confer protection to the host. the conformational properties of fragments of this o-antigen were explored using systematic search with a modified hsea method (glycan) and with molecular mechanics mm3 ...	2001	11744629
survival of shigella dysenteriae type 1 on fomites.	studies have shown that various objects, such as utensils, toys, and clothes, can serve as vehicles for transmission of shigella spp. shigellae can become viable but non-culturable (vbnc) when exposed to various environmental conditions as shown in earlier studies. the present study was carried out to detect vbnc shigella dysenteriae type 1 on various fomites by direct viable counting, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and fluorescent antibody methods. s. dysenteriae type 1 was inoculated onto cl ...	2001	11761771
post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome in bulawayo, zimbabwe.	an outbreak of dysentery in zimbabwe was associated with a high mortality, especially in children who developed hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus). to examine the causes of high mortality from hus and to suggest measures that could reduce the case fatality rate, clinical and laboratory features of 91 children with dysentery were reviewed. of these, 14 developed hus; their findings were compared with age-matched controls with dysentery only. persistent alteration of consciousness after rehydration, ...	2001	11793118
hyperimmune bovine colostrum in the treatment of shigellosis in children: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.	immunological approaches have been considered as an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of enteric infections over the past few years. hyperimmune bovine colostrum (hbc) is a potentially innovative immunological option in the management of shigellosis together with traditional antibiotic therapy. children aged 1-12 y with a history of bloody mucoid diarrhoea of less than 5 d duration were enrolled after their stool specimen was found to be positive for shigella dysenteriae type i an ...	2001	11853331
sodium and water homeostasis in children with shigellosis.	studies in bangladesh have shown that the mortality in shigellosis is significantly higher in hyponatraemic (hn) than in normo- (nn) or hypernatraemic children. the aim of this study was to describe the effect of shigellosis on renal haemodynamics and sodium and water homeostasis before treatment was started. twenty-one moderately ill children infected with shigella dysenteriae type i were studied. eight of them had a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/l. renal function was determined by ...	2001	11853332
shigellocidal properties of three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina.	the prevalence of multidrug-resistant shigellae is an important concern in the treatment of shigellosis in many developing countries, and other therapies, including herbal agents, may provide an important alternative to antimicrobial agents. in this study, three nigerian medicinal plants: ocimum gratissimum, terminalia avicennoides, and momordica balsamina were investigated for their activities against multidrug-resistant shigella species isolated from patients with bacilliary dysentery in lagos ...	2001	11855356
[investigation of a shigellosis outbreak in a rural zone of senegal].	the investigation of this outbreak took place in niakhar (ird project study area), a rural area located 150 km east of dakar. covering 30 villages, with a population of about 30,000 inhabitants, the area has been under demographic and epidemiological surveillance. in 1999, the surveillance allowed 973 cases of shigellosis to be recorded out of 1,751 cases of dysenteric diarrhoeas. the outbreak reached a peak during the raining season (73% of the cases in september and october). all the villages ...	2001	11861195
[isolation of provisional serovars of shigella in diarrheal cases of tourists].	twenty-four shigella strains of provisional serovars were isolated from travellers with diarrhea during 1993-2000 at osaka airport- and kansai airport-quarantine station. the outline of these cases were as follows. 1) the provisional serovars of these strains (number of cases) were s. dysenteriae 93-119 (2), s. dysenteriae 204/96 (4), s. dysenteriae i9809-73 (4), s. flexneri 88-893 (9), and s. boydii e16553 (5). 2) symptoms of these cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. the r ...	2001	11806136
[priming-phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with flexner infection].	to study reproducibility of priming phenomenon of neutrophils in patients with acute flexner's dysentery and its realization manifestation.	2001	11806212
rupture, invasion and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal barrier by shigella, making sense of prokaryote-eukaryote cross-talks.		2001	11152938
molecular and phenotypic characterization of potentially new shigella dysenteriae serotype.	from september 1997 to november 1998, the french national center for salmonella and shigella received 22 shigella isolates recovered from 22 different patients suffering from dysentery. none of these isolates reacted with any of the antisera used to identify established shigella serotypes, but all of them agglutinated in the presence of antisera to a previously described potentially new shigella dysenteriae serotype (represented by strain 96-204) primarily isolated from stool cultures of importe ...	2001	11158117
clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism.	the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ...	2001	11158126
phylogenetic evidence for horizontal transfer of muts alleles among naturally occurring escherichia coli strains.	muts mutators accelerate the bacterial mutation rate 100- to 1,000-fold and relax the barriers that normally restrict homeologous recombination. these mutators thus afford the opportunity for horizontal exchange of dna between disparate strains. while much is known regarding the muts phenotype, the evolutionary structure of the muts(+) gene in escherichia coli remains unclear. the physical proximity of muts to an adjacent polymorphic region of the chromosome suggests that this gene itself may be ...	2001	11160094
antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45 indian medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant human pathogens.	ethanolic extracts of 45 indian medicinal plants traditionally used in medicine were studied for their antimicrobial activity against certain drug-resistant bacteria and a yeast candida albicans of clinical origin. of these, 40 plant extracts showed varied levels of antimicrobial activity against one or more test bacteria. anticandidal activity was detected in 24 plant extracts. overall, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed in 12 plants (l. inermis, eucalyptus sp., h. antidysentric ...	2001	11167029
shigellae control the gates of ll.		2001	11175842
downregulation of bactericidal peptides in enteric infections: a novel immune escape mechanism with bacterial dna as a potential regulator.	antibacterial peptides are active defense components of innate immunity. several studies confirm their importance at epithelial surfaces as immediate barrier effectors in preventing infection. here we report that early in shigella spp. infections, expression of the antibacterial peptides ll-37 and human beta-defensin-1 is reduced or turned off. the downregulation is detected in biopsies from patients with bacillary dysenteries and in shigella- infected cell cultures of epithelial and monocyte or ...	2001	11175848
microbiological survey of retail herbs and spices from mexican markets.	in the present study, 304 samples of herbs and spices (garlic powder, cumin seeds, black pepper, oregano, and bay leaves) widely used in mexico were analyzed for the presence of bacillus cereus, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, escherichia coli, total and fecal coliforms, total mesophilic aerobic organisms, and fungi. samples were nonpackaged or packaged in polyethylene bags or glass containers. high levels (10(5) to 10(7) cfu/g) of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were found in most of ...	2001	11198448
shigella spp. surveillance in indonesia: the emergence or reemergence of s. dysenteriae.	from june 1998 through november 1999, shigella spp. were isolated in 5% of samples from 3,848 children and adults with severe diarrheal illness in hospitals throughout indonesia. s. dysenteriae has reemerged in bali, kalimantan, and batam and was detected in jakarta after a hiatus of 15 years.	2001	11266305
re-evaluating criteria for peritoneal dialysis in "classical" (d+) hemolytic uremic syndrome.	indications for peritoneal dialysis in children with post-dysenteric hemolytic uremic syndrome (d+ hus) have not been thoroughly evaluated. although early institution of dialysis may reduce mortality, the procedure has attendant complications.	2001	11269677
antimicrobial-resistant bacterial diarrhea in rural western kenya.	bacterial diarrheal diseases cause substantial morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa, but data on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enteric bacterial pathogens are limited. between may 1997 and april 1998, a clinic-based surveillance for diarrheal disease was conducted in asembo, a rural area in western kenya. in total, 729 diarrheal specimens were collected, and 244 (33%) yielded >or=1 bacterial pathogen, as determined by standard culture techniques; 107 (44% ...	2001	11343224
epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea in young children.	dysentery accounts for 20% of the 4.6 million diarrhea-associated deaths among children in developing countries, with the risk from death in dysenteric persistent diarrhea 10-fold higher than that in acute dysentery. although shigella accounts for the majority of dysenteric episodes, very little is known about the epidemiology of postshigellosis persistent diarrhea.	2001	11368112
the shus protein of shigella dysenteriae is a heme-sequestering protein that also binds dna.	the ability of shigella dysenteriae to utilize heme as an iron source is dependent on the iron-regulated expression of a number of genes including the outermembrane receptor shua and the cytoplasmic protein shus. the shus protein has no sequence homology with any proteins of known function and its role in heme acquisition has not been determined. in this paper we describe the purification and characterization of shus. the soluble oligomeric protein (650 kda) is composed of a single type of subun ...	2001	11368175
etiology of children's diarrhea in montevideo, uruguay: associated pathogens and unusual isolates.	we studied microorganisms associated with infant diarrhea in a group of 256 children admitted to a public pediatric hospital in montevideo, uruguay. diagnostic procedures were updated to optimize detection of potential pathogens, which were found in 63.8% of cases, and to be able to define their characteristics down to molecular or antigenic type. coinfection with two or more agents was detected in more than one-third of positive studies. escherichia coli enteric virotypes, especially enteropath ...	2001	11376047
effect of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxins on eukaryotic cells.	shigella dysenteriae and shiga-toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) elaborate the ab holotoxins, shiga or shiga-like toxins (stx). stx play a major role in the pathogenesis of haemorrhagic colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome. this review provides an overview of the mechanisms of action of stx and a model of the pathogenesis of stx-induced disease.	2001	11377211
tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance.	tetracyclines were discovered in the 1940s and exhibited activity against a wide range of microorganisms including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and protozoan parasites. they are inexpensive antibiotics, which have been used extensively in the prophlylaxis and therapy of human and animal infections and also at subtherapeutic levels in animal feed as growth promoters. the first tetracycline-resistant bacterium, shigella dysenteriae, was isolated i ...	2001	11381101
adherence of shigella dysenteriae 1 to human colonic mucin.	the pathogenic potential of shigella is correlated with the ability of the organism to invade and multiply within the cells of colonic epithelium. although invasion is the ultimate event, a preceding step is adherence. shigella dysenteriae 1 preferentially adhered to colonic mucin and not to small intestinal mucin. the pathogen showed a very strong adherence pattern to human colonic mucin when compared with guinea pig and rat mucin. the adherence pattern of s. dysenteriae 1 was not altered on pr ...	2001	11381327
lactobacilli in human dental caries and saliva.	samples (98 plaque and 72 saliva) from 93 patients with dental caries were investigated for lactobacillus species which comprised 65 (62.5%) of 104 isolates. yeasts (20.1%), streptococcus spp. (8.7%), staphylococcus spp. (2.9%) and a few unidentified species (5.8%), were also found. the lactobacillus isolates were l. brevis (24.6%) l. fermentum (18.5%) l. casei (16.9%), l. delbrueckii (15.4%), l. plantarum (9.23%), l. acidophilus (7.69%), l. jensenii (4.62%), l. salivarius (1.54%) and l. gasseri ...	2001	11393751
cloning, overexpression, purification, and immunobiology of an 85-kilodalton outer membrane protein from haemophilus ducreyi.	we have identified an 85-kda outer membrane protein that is expressed by all tested strains of haemophilus ducreyi. studies of related proteins from other pathogenic bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae, pasteurella multocida, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis, and shigella dysenteriae, suggested a role for these proteins in pathogenesis and immunity. in keeping with the first such described protein from haemophilus influenzae type b, we termed the h. ducreyi protein d15. the g ...	2001	11401984
a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis.	this article describes the development of a weighted composite dose-response model for human salmonellosis. data from previously reported human challenge studies were categorized into two different groups representing low and moderately virulent/pathogenic salmonella strains based on a disease end point. because epidemiological data indicate that some salmonella strains are particularly pathogenic, and in the absence of human feeding study data for such strains, shigella dysenteriae was used as ...	2001	11414538
activation of shiga toxin type 2d (stx2d) by elastase involves cleavage of the c-terminal two amino acids of the a2 peptide in the context of the appropriate b pentamer.	shiga toxins (stx) are potent ribosome-inactivating toxins that are produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 or certain strains of escherichia coli. these toxins are composed of one a subunit that can be nicked and reduced to an enzymatically active a1(approximately 27 kda) and an a2 peptide (approximately 4 kda) as well as a pentamer of b subunits (approximately 7 kda/monomer) that binds the eukaryotic cell. purified shiga toxin type 2d is activated 10- to 1000-fold for vero cell toxicity by pre ...	2002	11849548
rapid detection of shiga toxin-producing bacteria in feces by multiplex pcr with molecular beacons on the smart cycler.	we have developed a rapid (1-h) real-time fluorescence-based pcr assay with the smart cycler thermal cycler (cepheid, sunnyvale, calif.) for the detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), as well as other shiga toxin-producing bacteria. based on multiple-sequence alignments, we have designed two pairs of pcr primers that efficiently amplify all variants of the shiga toxin genes stx(1) and stx(2), respectively. these primer pairs were combined for use in a multiplex assay. two mo ...	2002	11923369
development of a p1 phagemid system for the delivery of dna into gram-negative bacteria.	the inability to transform many clinically important gram-negative bacteria has hampered genetic studies addressing the mechanism of bacterial pathogenesis. this report describes the development and construction of a delivery system utilizing the broad-host-range transducing bacteriophage p1. the phagemids used in this system contain a p1 pac initiation site to package the vector, a p1 lytic replicon to generate concatemeric dna, a broad-host-range origin of replication and an antibiotic-resista ...	2002	11932441
enhancement of pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures by shigella dysenteriae in lps-resistant c3h/hej mice: role of the host response.	convulsions and encephalopathy are common complications of shiga toxin (stx)-producing shigella and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infections. in previous studies, we demonstrated that stx and lipopolysaccharide (lps) act in concert to enhance mice sensitivity to pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizures via mechanisms involving tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha), interleukinl beta and nitric oxide. to further elucidate the role of the host response in shigella-related seizures, we studi ...	2002	12005330
construction, characterization, and animal testing of wrsd1, a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine.	wrsd1 is a shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine containing deletions of the virg(icsa) gene required for intercellular spreading and a 20-kb chromosomal region encompassing the shiga toxin genes (stxab). wrsd1 was constructed from s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 that was originally isolated during the 1968 to 1969 epidemic of shiga dysentery in guatemala. the virg(icsa) deletion was constructed from a streptomycin-resistant (str(r)) mutant of 1617 by a filter mating procedures using a virg(icsa) deletion ...	2002	12010984
apoptosis in acute shigellosis is associated with increased production of fas/fas ligand, perforin, caspase-1, and caspase-3 but reduced production of bcl-2 and interleukin-2.	shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced apoptotic cell death in rectal tissues from patients infected with shigella dysenteriae type 1 was studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dutp-biotin nick end labeling (tunel) technique and annexin v staining. expression of proteins and cytokines participating in the apoptotic process (caspase-1, caspase-3, fas [cd95], fas ligand [fas-l], perforin, granzyme a, bax, waf-1, bcl-2, interleukin-2 [il-2], il-18, and granulocyte-macrophage colo ...	2002	12011015
cloned shiga toxin 2 b subunit induces apoptosis in ramos burkitt's lymphoma b cells.	the shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2), produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, consist of one a subunit and five b subunits. the stx1 and stx2 b subunits form a pentameric structure that binds to globotriaosylceramide (gb3-cer) receptors on eukaryotic cells and promotes endocytosis. the a subunit then inhibits protein biosynthesis, which triggers apoptosis in the affected cell. in addition to its gb3-cer binding activity, the data in the following report demons ...	2002	11854211
bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897 was the first taxonomic rather than bacillus dysenteriae 1898.	the basonym of shigella dysenteriae (shiga 1898) castellani and chalmers 1919 was first and officially proposed in 1897 as bacillus dysentericus (sic) in saikingaku zasshi, published in japan. in accordance with section 6 (citation of authors and names) of the bacteriological code (1990 revision), the year of the first proposal of shigella dysenteriae has to be corrected from bacillus dysenteriae 1898 to bacillus dysentericus (sic) 1897.	2002	12054222
shiga toxin genes in avian escherichia coli.	the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of stx genes in avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). we examined 97 apec isolates: 34 from lesions of avian cellulitis, 31 from avian septicemia, 13 from swollen head syndrome (shs) in chickens, and 19 from diseased turkeys. we also examined five isolates from the feces of healthy chickens. all 102 e. coli isolates were tested for the presence of stx genes by pcr amplification and by colony blots using probes specific for stx1 and stx2 ...	2002	12069771
purification of lactoperoxidase from creek-water buffalo milk and investigation of kinetic and antibacterial properties.	water buffalo lactoperoxidase (wblp) was purified with amberlite cg 50 h+ resin, cm sephadex c-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography from skim milk. all purification steps of the wblp were shown with sds-page and rz (a412/a280) controlled the purification degree of the enzyme. rz value for the purified wblp was 0.8. to determine purification steps and kinetic properties, the activity of enzyme was measured by using 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6 ...	2002	12071645
[effect of cytokines on the expression of shiga toxin toxicity].	shiga toxins(stxs), which are produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae serotype i, induce proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin(il)-1 beta, il-6, interferon-gamma, and chemokines such as il-8 in intestinal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in kidneys and spleen in vivo. cytokines induced by stxs and lipopolysaccharide enhance the toxicity of stxs via up-regulation of the expre ...	2002	12078078
isolation of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and s. flexneri strains from surface waters in bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental shigella isolates versus clinical strains.	bacillary dysentery caused by shigella species is a public health problem in developing countries including bangladesh. although, shigellae-contaminated food and drinks are often the source of the epidemic's spread, the possible presence of the pathogen and transmission of it through environmental waters have not been adequately examined. we analyzed surface waters collected in dhaka, bangladesh, for the presence of shigellae by a combination of pcr assays followed by concentration and culturing ...	2002	12147489
evolution of multi-gene segments in the muts-rpos intergenic region of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.	the nucleotide sequence of the 12.6 kb region between the muts and rpos genes of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 (s. typhimurium) was compared to other enteric bacterial muts-rpos intergenic regions. the muts-rpos region is composed of three distinct segments, designated hk, o and s, as defined by sequence similarities to contiguous orfs in other bacteria. inverted chromosomal orientations of each of these segments are found between the muts and rpos genes in related enterobacteriace ...	2002	12177346
endotoxins of enteric pathogens are chemotactic factors for human neutrophils.	early activation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils is characterized by their morphological changes from spherical to polarized shapes. the endotoxins from enteric pathogens (s. dysenteriae type 1, v. cholerae inaba 569b, s. typhimurium, and k. pneumoniae) were assessed by their ability to induce morphological polarization of the neutrophils as measures of early activation. phagocytic activity, adhesion, chemokinetic locomotion, and nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) dye-reduction ...	2002	12359090
identification of shiga toxin-producing bacteria by a new immuno-capture toxin gene pcr.	infections with bacteria producing shiga toxin are responsible for widespread disease and for the death of a large number of people. in the present study, we have developed a rapid method of high specificity for the detection of shigella dysenteriae by combining immuno-capture of the bacteria and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of their toxin gene. we compared the sensitivity of our new method, referred to as immuno-capture toxin gene pcr (itgpcr), with a conventional tgpcr (ctgpcr ...	2002	12423749
conformation of the branched o-specific polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2: molecular mechanics calculations show a compact helical structure exposing an epitope which potentially mimics galabiose.	conformational analyses of the branched repeating unit of the o-antigenic polysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae type 2 have been performed with molecular mechanics mm3. a filtered systematic search on the trisaccharide alpha-d-galnac-(1-->3)-[alpha-d-glcnac-(1-->4)]-alpha-d-galnac forming the branch, shows essentially a single favored conformation. also, the downstream alpha-d-galnac-(1-->4)-alpha-d-glc linkage is sterically constrained. the alpha-d-glc-(1-->4)-beta-d-gal moiety, however, forms ...	2002	12423964
multicenter, randomized, double blind clinical trial of short course versus standard course oral ciprofloxacin for shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery in children.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) dysentery is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. treatment is either costly or complicated by the emergence of bacterial resistance. this study compared the efficacy and safety of short course (3 days) and standard course (5 days) oral ciprofloxacin in children with sd1 dysentery.	2002	12488664
surveillance of bacterial pathogens of diarrhea disease in indonesia.	emerging or reemerging infections due to bacterial disease may be a local, regional or global problem. bacterial acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in travelers and deployed u.s. military personnel. a surveillance study was conducted over a two-year period in indonesia among 6760 patients with debilitating diarrheal diseases. of the 6,760 patients, 587 (9%) of the patient stools were positive for bacteria. the proportions of bacteria isolated from the 587 patient ...	2002	12493168
antimicrobial potentiality of a phenothiazine group of antipsychotic drug-prochlorperazine.	the antipsychotic drug, prochlorperazine (pcp), was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against 103 strains belonging to both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. the drug was found to possess maximum activity against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and shigella spp. pcp was moderately active against e. coli but most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp, klebsiella spp, salmonella spp and lactobacillus spp were found to be resistant to this drug. the drug was tested for its mod ...	2002	12597553
[infectious etiology of dysenteric syndromes at the principal hospital of dakar in 1999 and 2000].	dysenteric syndromes are relatively frequent in tropical areas, due essentially to infectious etiologies, constituted by flimsy pathogenic agents outside and possibilities of laboratory investigations little available. the authors evaluated during two years (1990-2000) the results of 399 parasitological examinations and 419 bacteriological examinations concerning dysenteric syndromes admitted to the laboratory of "hopital principal de dakar". the objective of these examination is to contribute t ...	2002	15776602
[place and resistance of epidemic strains of shigella dysenteriae-1 isolated at the fann hospital from 1995 to 1999].	shigella dysenteriae-1 (s.d-1) takes a more and more important place in intertropical countries, with multiresistant strains to antibiotics. the objectives of the study is to determine the prevalence of s.d-1 among bacterial isolations at fann hospital at dakar, and to identify the resistant profiles of the strains. this retrospective study was conducted on the strains isolated between 1995 and 1999 by examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. the susceptibility of the strains to antibiotic ...	2002	15776683
determination of the profile of fatty acids of 4 species of shigella spp by chromatography of gases.	shigella boydii, shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei were identified using gas chromatography instead of the traditional techniques. their acid methyl esters profiles were determined using a gas chromatograph hewlett packard 5890a and a rsl-150 heliflex capillary column. a total of 192 samples were analyzed both reference strains (atcc 8700, indre b2188, b2194 and b2199) and environmental isolates. 12 fatty acids were included in the profiles from which 3-hydroxytetradeca ...	2002	17063774
hemiplegia and amputation: rehabilitation in the dual disability.	about 10% of all elderly dysvascular amputees have had cerebrovascular accidents at some time. this is an often overlooked but important fact which significantly impacts the outcomes of their rehabilitation, especially where prosthetic ambulation is attempted. this study reviews the rehabilitation outcomes of 46 patients with the dual disability of hemiplegia and amputation. the mean age of the patients was 63 years (range 49 to 84). forty-one (89%) could participate in a trial of physical thera ...	2002	2730308
[papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the kidney. apropos of a case and review of the literature].		2002	2732502
[pregnant women and backache].		2002	127867
closer look: a parent information service.		2002	127706
[postoperative esophageal stenosis (role of the laryngologist)].		2002	153373
superannuation-1. swindle or bargain?		2002	126445
[wolfgang hildebrand's "magia naturalis"].		2002	135379
rapprochement and other crises. the specific and nonspecific in analytic reconstruction.	the historical development of preoedipality in evolving psychoanalytic theory is traced. particular reference is paid to the elaboration by mahler of the separation-individuation phase and the specific rapprochement conflict and crisis within it. in addition to the valuable contributions these discoveries have brought about, the tendency is noted for every new locus of interest to be obscured by excessive claims, and distorted by overuse and reductionism to explain complex and multidetermined be ...	2002	2798609
the bad back.		2002	128343
a day in court could be an unpleasant and costly experience.		2002	126400
[emergency coronary surgery in patients with unstable angina pectoris. results and place in the total concept of the treatment of this group of patients].	the urgent coronary surgery performed in patients with high risk unstable angina (rest pain greater than 48 h) shows still different results. we found in 57 urgent operated patients the same functional and clinical results as after elective bypass grafting. a higher in hospital mortality after urgent coronary surgery based on a higher number of grafts are occluded in the early postoperative period. the better prognosis concluded that the use of urgent coronary surgery is the therapy of choice in ...	2002	2094888
[is breast cancer screening effective? (author's transl)].	two groups of patients consisting of women with and without breast symptoms are compared. they were mammographed in the same institute under identical technical conditions. carcinomas found by screening were considerably less advanced. the findings confirm the experience of numerous authors that screening improves the prognosis; applied tandem method--physical examination and mammography--is far from ideal, but represents at present the best method to reduce breast cancer mortality. the final co ...	2002	120634
[contribution of infectious and parasitic diseases to morbi-mortality rates in ribeirão preto, sp (brazil)].		2002	120605
[parameters of digitally averaged potentials of individual motor units].	of sixty normal subjects of different age six different muscles each were examined electromyographically. the activity pattern was recorded for moderate voluntary innervation and superposed digitally. the parameters of digitally averaged summation action potentials were compared with those of manually assessed potentials. the two methods gave identical results: the duration of potentials was between 5 and 10 ms. it increased in the younger and older age groups and showed only slight changes in m ...	2002	128025
primary hepatic intra-abdominal hemangiopericytoma.		2002	122823
[echinococcal cysts of the external oblique muscle. clinical case].	a short account of the nosological, physiopathological and therapeutical aspects of cysts due to muscle echinococcus is given. a case of echinococcus of the external oblique muscle is presented and its diagnostical difficulties pointed out.	2002	140333
synthesis of myosin heavy and light chains in muscle cultures.	the weight ratio of myosin/actin, the myosin heavy chain content as the percentage of total protein (wt/wt), and the kinds of myosin light chains were determined in (a) standard muscle cultures, (b) pure myotube cultures, and (c) fibroblast cultures. cells for these cultures were obtained from the breast of 11-day chick embryos. standard cultures contain, in addition to myotubes, large numbers of replicating mononucleated cells. by killing these replicating cells with cytosine arabinoside, pure ...	2002	127801
[classification of immuno proliferative diseases (author's transl)].		2002	120270
[vitelliform degeneration of the macula].	macular vitelliform degeneration is an hereditary affection, with autosomal dominan transmission. it is probably congenital. three phases in the evolution of lesions: i the "fried eggs" aspect. ii various ophthalmologic aspects: mixed egg, pseudo-hypopion, retractile form. during these first two phases, the yellowish vitelline substance only may extend in macular region, especially downards. iii the atrophic phase. visula acuity remains strangely good, especially during the first two phases. nev ...	2002	130888
[congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. considerations on a clinical case].		2002	120586
disabled living foundation.		2002	127995
prevention of dry socket with local application of tetracycline.		2002	4925124
problems of classification of low-back pain.		2002	139668
[spectral analysis method in veterinary science].		2002	129933
[diagnostic importance of calculation of relative measurements of the left atrium in patients with mitral valve defect].		2002	128195