Publications

evaluation of antimicrobial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics using etest against clinical isolates from 60 medical centres in japan.	an antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was carried out in 60 medical centres across japan. resistance to piperacillin was 10.8% in clinical isolates of escherichia coli, while 1.3% or fewer isolates were resistant to other beta-lactams. klebsiella spp. were more susceptible to imipenem, cefepime and cefpirome. isolates of enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., indole-positive proteus and serratia spp. were susceptible to imipenem, cefepime and cefpirome, while acinetobacter spp. were most ...	2005	15784308
mast cells limit systemic bacterial dissemination but not colitis in response to citrobacter rodentium.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli cause an inflammatory colitis in human patients characterized by neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and crypt hyperplasia. citrobacter rodentium causes a similar colitis in mice and serves as a model for enteropathogenic e. coli infection in humans. c. rodentium induces systemic t-cell-dependent antibody production that facilitates clearance of the bacteria and protects the host from reinfection. the role ...	2005	15784538
regulation of type iii secretion hierarchy of translocators and effectors in attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens.	human enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), and the mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium (cr) belong to the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens. they possess the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type iii secretion system. these pathogens secrete a number of proteins into culture media, including type iii effector proteins and translocators that are required for the translocation of effectors in ...	2005	15784556
vacuum-assisted closure for the treatment of complex chest wounds.	destruction of chest wall musculature from trauma, empyema, or local infection limits closure options, especially with muscle flaps. while the vacuum-assisted closure system (vac; kci international, san antonio, tx) has been used for wounds in other anatomic locations, we have found no series for chest wounds.	2005	15797049
occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens in korea and investigation of screening criteria.	we assessed the occurrence and screening criterion for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) among ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the 413 isolates (158 e. cloacae, 126 c. freundii, and 129 s. marcescens) isolated from 11 clinical laboratories in korea were investigated. esbl production was confirmed by double-disk synergy test and inhibitor-potentiated diffusion test using ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), aztreonam (azt), and cefepime ...	2005	15808318
cathelicidin mediates innate intestinal defense against colonization with epithelial adherent bacterial pathogens.	cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (mcramp), the sole murine cathelicidin, is encoded by the gene cnlp. we show that mcramp expression in the intestinal tract is largely restricted to surface epithelial cells in the colon. synthetic mcramp had antimicrobial activity against the murine enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium, which like the related clinically important human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli, adheres to the apical membrane of intesti ...	2005	15814717
[review on the etiology and treatment of bacterial pneumonias].	the bacterial pneumoniae are the significant factor of morbidity and mortality all over the world. so usa are at the sixth place per mortality cause. the bacteria are in 60-80% of cases the causes of pneumonia in the communities. therefore this is the review on the ethiology of the verification and treatment of pneumonias in the 17-month period in the general hospital "sarajevo". in the period of the 1st january 2002 till the 31st may 2003 year, it was examined 105 sputa on the antibiogram, and ...	2005	15822680
citrobacter rodentium lifa/efa1 is essential for colonic colonization and crypt cell hyperplasia in vivo.	previously, we have identified a large gene (lifa, for lymphocyte inhibitory factor a) in enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) encoding a protein termed lymphostatin that suppresses cytokine expression in vitro. this protein also functions as an adhesion factor for enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and shiga toxin-producing e. coli and is alternatively known as efa1 (ehec factor for adherence 1). the lifa/efa1 gene is also present in citrobacter rodentium, an enteric pathogen that causes a di ...	2005	15731042
spread of novel expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in a university hospital in the paris area, france.	in 2002, 28 non-duplicate enterobacterial isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were collected from infected patients at the bicêtre hospital in paris, france. escherichia coli was the predominant esbl-positive enterobacterial species, comprising ten (36%) of the isolates. ctx-m enzymes (ctx-m-3, ctx-m-10, ctx-m-14 and ctx-m-15) were produced by 11 (39%) of the isolates (six e. coli, two enterobacter cloacae, one enterobacter aerogenes, one proteus mirabilis and one citrob ...	2005	15966981
susceptibility testing of urinary isolates of escherichia coli to mecillinam using nccls methodology.	criteria for susceptibility testing of mecillinam against 533 isolates of escherichia coli and a further 309 enterobacteriaceae, according to nccls methodology, were determined. correlation of mic to inhibition zones was good for all species. for urinary isolates of e. coli, the following agar dilution breakpoints and corresponding interpretive zone diameters seem appropriate: < or = 8 mg/l/> or = 15 mm for susceptible; 16 mg/l/12-14 mm for intermediate susceptible and > or = 32 mg/l/< or = 11 m ...	2005	15737512
microbial mutation as a source of polyclonality in the gut of the critically ill.		2005	15749330
vertically acquired neonatal citrobacter brain abscess - case report and review of the literature.	vertically acquired citrobacter meningitis in the neonate is very rare and carries a very high mortality and morbidity. overall, approximately 30% of neonates with citrobacter meningitis die and 50% sustain some damage to the cns. the authors describe a case of a newborn with citrobacter koseri meningitis with multiple brain abscesses, with a successful outcome following multiple burr-hole aspirations and prolonged antibiotic therapy. an aggressive surgical approach combined with intravenous ant ...	2005	15749429
changing bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivities of purulent dacryocystitis.	to examine the current spectrum of bacterial isolates in cases of chronic dacryocystitis and dacryoabcess and to determine their antibiotic sensitivities.	2005	15764113
plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in isolates obtained in german intensive care units.	screening of 703 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, obtained from 34 german intensive care units (icus), revealed qnr-positive, integron-containing isolates of enterobacter sp. and citrobacter freundii from four patients in 2 german icus. this is one of the first reports of qnr-positive strains obtained from patients in europe.	2005	15673764
a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase is present in enterobacteriaceae family genomes: identification and characterization of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase.	citrobacter freundii cells produce l-methionine gamma-lyase when grown on a medium containing l-methionine. the nucleotide sequence of the hybrid plasmid with a c. freundii ecori insert of about 3.0 kbp contained two open reading frames, consisting of 1,194 nucleotides and 1,296 nucleotides, respectively. the first one (denoted megl) encoded l-methionine gamma-lyase. the enzyme was overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified. the second frame encoded a protein belonging to the family of perme ...	2005	15901718
agranulocytosis and citrobacter infection associated with jamu, a herbal remedy containing phenylbutazone.		2005	15909279
infected urachal cyst presenting as fever of unknown origin.		2005	15678236
amelioration of the effects of citrobacter rodentium infection in mice by pretreatment with probiotics.	citrobacter rodentium is a naturally occurring murine pathogen that causes colonic epithelial-cell hyperplasia, disrupts the colonic mucosa, and elicits a predominantly t helper 1 cellular immune response; it thereby serves as a model for the study of mechanisms of disease induced by human attaching-effacing pathogens. we sought to determine whether pretreatment of mice with a mixture of lactobacillus rhamnosus and l. acidophilus probiotics would attenuate c. rodentium-induced colonic disease in ...	2005	15897997
effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilot-scale constructed wetlands.	due to the lack of testing units or appropriate experimental approaches, only little is known about the removal of bacteria in constructed wetlands. however, improved performance in terms of water sanitation requires a detailed understanding of the ongoing processes. therefore, we analyzed the microbial diversity and the survival of enterobacteriaceae in six pilot-scale constructed wetland systems treating domestic wastewater: two vertical sand filters, two vertical expanded clay filters and two ...	2005	15862336
the assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (daucus carota l) seeds.	daucus carota l. (family: apiaceae alt. umbelliferae), commonly known as 'wild carrot' or 'queen anne's-lace,' is an ecologically invasive erect biennial naturalized to scotland. the ethnobotanical uses of this species include applications in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, malaria and tumors, and as an antiseptic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. the major constituents isolated from the methanol extract of d. carota seeds by reversed- ...	2005	16093236
predicting infected bile among patients undergoing percutaneous cholecystostomy.	patients may not achieve a clinical benefit after percutaneous cholecystostomy due to the inherent difficulty in identifying patients who truly have infected gallbladders. we attempted to identify imaging and biochemical parameters which would help to predict which patients have infected gallbladders.	2005	15886948
a major role for proteolytic activity and proteinase-activated receptor-2 in the pathogenesis of infectious colitis.	citrobacter rodentium is a bacterial pathogen that causes a murine infectious colitis equivalent to enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infection in humans. colonic luminal fluid from c. rodentium-infected mice, but not from sham-infected mice, contains active serine proteinases that can activate proteinase-activated receptor-2 (par2). we have identified granzyme a and murine trypsins to be present in c. rodentium-infected luminal fluid, as determined by mass spectrometry and western blot analysi ...	2005	15919826
dizygotic twins discordant for early-onset citrobacter koseri and group b streptococcal sepsis.	early-onset neonatal sepsis is usually a multisystem fulminant illness with prominent respiratory symptoms, and typically the infant has acquired the organism from the maternal genital tract during the intrapartum period. in this article, we report a rare case of dizygotic twins where each individual suffered early-onset sepsis caused by a different pathogen. group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis was diagnosed in twin a 1 day after birth; sepsis and meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri was diagn ...	2005	15959606
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of blood isolates from a teaching hospital in north india.	bloodstream infections are associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. in this study, we examined antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by reviewing the data on 5,704 blood samples that were collected from patients with fever/sepsis admitted to government medical college and hospital, chandigarh, india, over a period of 1 year from august 2003 to july 2004. among the 567 qualifying samples, pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.75%), escherichia coli (15.17%), klebsiella pneumoni ...	2005	15973011
isolation and characterization of enteric bacteria from the hindgut of formosan termite.	the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus shiraki, is an aggressive, invasive termite species that has caused billions of dollars of damage across the united states for the past 50 years. termites depend on intestinal microorganisms for cellulose digestion. symbiotic microorganisms in the termite gut play key physiological functions such as cellulose and hemicellulose digestion, acetogenesis, hydrogenesis, methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, and nitrogen fixation. additionally, in ...	2005	15978992
worldwide disseminated arma aminoglycoside resistance methylase gene is borne by composite transposon tn1548.	the arma (aminoglycoside resistance methylase) gene, which confers resistance to 4,6-disubstituted deoxystreptamines and fortimicin, was initially found in klebsiella pneumoniae bm4536 on incl/m plasmid pip1204 of ca. 90 kb which also encodes the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ctx-m-3. thirty-four enterobacteria from various countries that were likely to produce a ctx-m enzyme since they were more resistant to cefotaxime than to ceftazidime were studied. the arma gene was detected in 12 clinic ...	2005	15980373
microbiological quality of sous and tamarind, traditional drinks consumed in jordan.	this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of sous (a drink prepared by extracting dried roots of glycyrrhiza glabra) and tamarind (a drink prepared by infusing tamarindus indica dried pulp), traditional drinks consumed in jordan. twenty-one samples of sous and 44 samples of tamarind were collected from the local market in amman, jordan. water is the major component of the drinks. sous drink is characterized by having an alkaline ph (range, 6.6 to 9.9; mean, 8.6), whereas t ...	2005	15830669
modulation of host cytoskeleton function by the enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium effector protein espg.	espg is a conserved protein encoded by the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) of attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, including enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. espg is delivered into infected host cells by a type iii secretion system. the role of espg in virulence has not yet been defined. here we describe experiments that probe the virulence characteristics and biological activities of espg in vitro and in vivo. a c. rodentium espg mutant ...	2005	15845460
prevalence of derepressed ampc mutants and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers among clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens in korea: dissemination of ctx-m-3, tem-52, and shv-12.	the resistance mechanism of extended-spectrum cephalosporins in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., and serratia marcescens was studied. of 152 isolates, 45 isolates (29.6%) were derepressed ampc mutants and 39 isolates (25.7%) produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbls). the most prevalent esbls were ctx-m enzymes, followed by tem-52 and shv-12.	2005	15872281
antimicrobial resistance profile of bacterial isolates from intensive care unit: changing trends.	the incidence of antimicrobial resistance has increased over the years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options. strategies such as appropriate infection control measures and surveillance of resistance pattern are necessary to address the problem of resistance. knowledge of the pattern of resistance in intensive care units (icus) can help to determine antibiotic prescribing policy. a retrospective study has been carried out to determine the bacterial spectrum and the antibiotic resistance ...	2005	16637402
surgical techniques of cataract surgery and subsequent postoperative endophthalmitis.	to compare the incidence and characteristics of patients with endophthalmitis after extracapsular cataract extraction (ecce) to those after phacoemulsification	2005	16681043
a study of sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic micro organisms causing uti in kathmandu valley.	a retrospective study was conducted in five hospitals to observe the prevalence of organisms causing uti and their sensitivity to antibiotics. methodology: altogether, data from five hundred samples of urine from five hospitals in kathmandu was collected for this study from january 2005 to april 2005. result: a total of 244 samples were found to be positive. altogether six types of organisms were isolated as the causative factors. e. coli (49%), s. aureus, (coagulase positive) (23%), proteus spe ...	2005	16415607
prevalences of zoonotic bacteria among seabirds in rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast of california and washington, usa.	many seabirds are rehabilitated annually by wildlife rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast, usa. although various strains of zoonotic bacteria have been isolated from seabirds, risks to rehabilitators at these centers have not been well documented. from november 2001 through january 2003, we determined the prevalence of detectable enteric fauna by isolation and characterization of gram-negative bacteria from cloacal swabs taken from 26 common murres (uria aalge), 49 gulls (larus spp.), ...	2005	16456162
citrobacter rodentium of mice and man.	the major classes of enteric bacteria harbour a conserved core genomic structure, common to both commensal and pathogenic strains, that is most likely optimized to a life style involving colonization of the host intestine and transmission via the environment. in pathogenic bacteria this core genome framework is decorated with novel genetic islands that are often associated with adaptive phenotypes such as virulence. this classical genome organization is well illustrated by a group of extracellul ...	2005	16309456
aerobic heterotrophic bacterial diversity in sediments of rajakkamangalam estuary, south west coast of india.	the abundance of aerobic heterotrophic bacterial population in the sediment sample of six experimental stations (s1 to s6) at rajakkamangalam estuary was studied for a period of one year from march, 1998 to february, 1999. the important bacterial genera encountered were pseudomonas, bacillus, vibrio, escherichia, micrococcus, enterobacter, salmonella, aeromonas, shigella, klebsiella, proteus, alkaligenes, staphylococcus, citrobacter and flavobacterium. the bacterial population based on numerical ...	2005	16459565
[nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2004].	the antibacterial activity of meropenem (mepm) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 907 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 1790 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 192 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2004 was measured. the results were as follows; 1. mic90 of mepm for almost all of enterobacteriaceae and haemophilus influenzae were 4-fold to 32-fold lower than those of other carbapenems. mepm was more active than other carbap ...	2005	16521347
nosocomial blood stream infections in imam khomeini hospital, urmia, islamic republic of iran, 1999-2001.	in a 2-year retrospective study, the database of the microbiology laboratory of the imam khomeini hospital was reviewed to identify patients who had nosocomial bacteraemia between 1 may 1999 and 31 may 2001 and identify the pathogen responsible and its resisitance to antibiotics. of 6492 patients in various wards, 593 (9.1%) had positive blood cultures; 85 of those (14.3%) had signs of potential skin contamination. gram-positive cocci, including coagulase-negative staphylococci, staphylococcus a ...	2005	16602469
surveillance of bacteriological quality of natural water resources in rural areas around kasauli town, distt. solan, himachal pradesh.	a study was conducted to find out the bacteriological quality of water during the monsoon season in local areas around kasauli town, and to evaluate the management of water resources in rural areas. the water samples were collected from bowries and hand pumps. as there is no municipal water supply in majority of these areas, the local residents depends mainly on these natural resources without any treatment of water. all the 14 surface water samples collected from bowries were found bacteriologi ...	2005	17278659
[colonization of cental venous catheter in the intensive care units at the institute of cardiovascular disease "dedinje"--one year study].	the application of central venous catheters (cvc) is associated with increased risk of microbial colonization and infection. the aim of present study was to assess the frequency of pathogens colonizing cvc and to determine their susceptibility pattern to various antimicrobial agents.	2005	16812991
biomedical evaluation of two sympatric lemur species (propithecus verreauxi deckeni and eulemur fulvus rufus) in tsiombokibo classified forest, madagascar.	complete medical examinations were performed on 20 wild decken's sifaka (propithecus verreauxi deckeni) and 20 wild red-fronted brown lemurs (eulemurfulvus rufus) from western madagascar. each animal received a complete physical examination, and weight, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded and ectoparasites collected. blood samples were collected for complete blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoparasite examination, serum biochemical profile, fa ...	2005	17312713
[pyrazinamidase activity of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family as characteristic for taxonomy].	pyrazinamidase activity in 330 strains of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family (14 genus, 27 species) has been assessed. pyrazinamidase activity detected in species from following genuses: citrobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, kluyvera, morganella, providencia, raourtella, salmonella, shigella, and also in proteus mirabilis, and nonpathogenic serovars of yersinia enterocolitica, y. frederiksenii. pirasinamidase was absent in serratia (s. marcescens, s. liguefaciens), hafnia alvei, p. vulgaris ...	2006	17297889
emergence of serine carbapenemases (kpc and sme) among clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated in the united states medical centers: report from the mystic program (1999-2005).	among 8885 enterobacteriaceae tested in the 1999 to 2005 period as part of the usa meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) program, 51 strains with increased imipenem and meropenem mic values (> or =2 microg/ml) were detected. bla(kpc) was identified from 28 klebsiella pneumoniae from 3 medical centers in the new york city area (8 ribotypes), 2 klebsiella oxytoca from arkansas (same ribotype), 7 citrobacter freundii (6 from new york [5 ribotypes] and 1 from delaware) ...	2006	17020798
comparison of colonization dynamics and pathology of mice infected with enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli and citrobacter rodentium.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr) colonize the gastrointestinal tract epithelium via attaching and effacing lesions. while humans are believed to be the only living reservoir of typical epec and ehec to have border host specificity, cr is a restricted mouse pathogen. recently, conflicting conclusions were reported concerning the utility of a murine model to study mechanisms of epec and ehec colonization and infection. we th ...	2006	17034412
conservative debridement of postoperative meleney's gangrene following a caesarean section.	meleney's gangrene is almost exclusively postoperative and is caused by multiple bacteria. this case review describes the conservative management of meleney's gangrene in a young patient following a caesarean section.	2006	17124818
[clinical results of resection arthroplasty for infected shoulder arthroplasty].	infection is a rare complication of shoulder arthroplasty. various therapeutic solutions have been proposed: antibiotics alone, one-stage or two-stage reimplantation, surgical or arthroscopic cleaning without prosthesis removal, scapulohumeral arthrodesis or simple arthroscopic resection. we evaluated the mid-term clinical outcome after resection arthroplasty for the treatment of infected shoulder arthroplasty.	2006	17088753
inactivation of tyrosine phenol-lyase by pictet-spengler reaction and alleviation by t15a mutation on intertwined n-terminal arm.	citrobacter freundiil-tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) was inactivated by a pictet-spengler reaction between the cofactor and a substrate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa), in proportion to an increase in the reaction temperature. random mutagenesis of the tpl gene resulted in the generation of a thr15 to ala mutant (t15a), which exhibited a two-fold improved activity towards l-dopa as the substrate. the thr15 residue was located on the intertwined n-terminal arm of the tpl structure, and compr ...	2006	17094783
identification and characterization of nlei, a new non-lee-encoded effector of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec).	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), a major gastrointestinal pathogen, causes infantile diarrhea in many developing countries. epec is an attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogen that utilizes a lee-encoded type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into host cells. these effectors have been identified as potential virulence factors in a/e pathogens including epec, enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr). we used a proteomics approach to identify a n ...	2006	17097322
flip influences citrobacter koseri macrophage uptake, cytokine expression and brain abscess formation in the neonatal rat.	citrobacter koseri causes neonatal meningitis frequently complicated with multiple brain abscesses. during c. koseri central nervous system infection in the neonatal rat model, previous studies have documented many bacteria-filled macrophages within the neonatal rat brain and abscesses. previous studies have also shown that c. koseri is taken up by, survives phagolysosomal fusion and replicates in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. in this study, in order to elucidate genetic and cellular factors ...	2006	17108264
a novel phytase with preferable characteristics from yersinia intermedia.	a yersinia intermedia strain producing phytase was isolated from glacier soil. the phytase gene, appa, was isolated by degenerate pcr and tail-pcr. the full-length fragment contained 2354bp with a 1326-bp open reading frame encoding 441 amino acids. appa contained the active site rhgxrxp and hd sequence motifs that are typical of histidine acid phosphatases. to our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of phytase activity and cloning of the relevant gene from y. intermedia. the ge ...	2006	17034758
animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from enteric infections.	mouse models of intestinal inflammation have played a key role in understanding the mechanisms that govern the inflammatory response in the intestine, and in designing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). most of these models use chemical challenges, whereas relatively few robust models of intestinal inflammation caused by microbial infection are known. two common models of infectious murine colitis and typhlitis are infection with the mu ...	2006	17057188
role of lymphotoxins in the development of peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes: relevance to intestinal inflammation and treatment.	hallmarks of the adaptive immune system are antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. secondary lymphoid organs serve as sites of contact between antigen-presenting cells (apcs) and immune effector t and b lymphocytes. the gut-associated lymphatic system (galt) as the intestinal branch of the immune system provides different mechanisms to protect organisms against pathogens. simultaneously, immune activation secondary to genetic factors and/or environmental signals can induce detri ...	2006	17057199
transient neutrophilic thrombophagocytosis associated with citrobacter freundii septicemia.		2006	17149945
occurrence and characterization of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2000-2004).	emergence and dissemination of enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring carbapenemases in various geographic regions represents a significant threat to the management of nosocomial infections. enterobacteriaceae isolates from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2000-2004) demonstrating decreased susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic], > or =2 mg/l) were evaluated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases using disk a ...	2006	17227206
delayed recurrence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess: an unusual case and review of the literature.	although intra-abdominal abscess is one of the major complications of abdominal surgery, the literature documents only a few cases of recurrence after a long asymptomatic period.	2006	17233573
characterisation of prototype nurmi cultures using culture-based microbiological techniques and pcr-dgge.	undefined nurmi-type cultures (ntcs) have been used successfully to prevent salmonella colonisation in poultry for decades. such cultures are derived from the caecal contents of specific-pathogen-free birds and are administered via drinking water or spray application onto eggs in the hatchery. these cultures consist of many non-culturable and obligately anaerobic bacteria. due to their undefined nature it is difficult to obtain approval from regulatory agencies to use these preparations as direc ...	2006	16814892
co-production of 16s rrna methylases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens in korea.		2006	16891325
enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula manufactured in indonesia and malaysia.	to determine the occurrence of salmonella and shigella in infant formula from southeast asia, 74 packages of dehydrated powdered infant follow-on formula (recommended age, > 4 months) from five different manufacturers, four from indonesia and one from malaysia, were analyzed. none of the 25-g test portions yielded salmonella or shigella. however, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for salmonella and shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several ot ...	2006	17186672
diffuse pneumocephalus in neonatal citrobacter meningitis.	pneumocephalus, intracranial air or gas collection, associated with neonatal meningitis is extremely rare. we report the first case in the united states and the second case in the world of intracranial gas accumulation in a neonate with citrobacter koseri meningitis. the clinical presentation was acute with pneumocephalus demonstrated by cranial sonography and computed tomography. the clinical course was fatal despite the prompt administration of antibiotics.	2006	17000783
antibacterial agent discovery using thymidylate synthase biolibrary screening.	thymidylate synthase (ts, thya) catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate to 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate, an essential precursor for dna synthesis. a specific inhibition of this enzyme induces bacterial cell death. as a second round lead optimization design, new 1,2-naphthalein derivatives have been synthesized and tested against a ts-based biolibrary, including human thymidylate synthase (hts). docking studies have been performed to rationalize the experimen ...	2006	17004711
[development of a gold-immunochromatography test for rapid detecting e. coli o157].	to develop a method for rapid detecting escherichia coli (e. coli) o157 on site.	2006	16986519
bacillus subtilis spores reduce susceptibility to citrobacter rodentium-mediated enteropathy in a mouse model.	the present work was aimed at investigating whether bacillus subtilis spores, widely used in probiotic as well as pharmaceutical preparations for mild gastrointestinal disorders, can suppress enteric infections. to address this issue, we developed a mouse model of infection using the mouse enteropathogen citrobacter rodentium, a member of a family of human and animal pathogens which includes the clinically significant enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli strains. ...	2006	17005378
mercuric reductase gene transfer from soil to rumen bacteria.	conjugal transfer between soil bacterial population and microorganisms isolated from the rumen of herbivores from mercury-polluted area was investigated. the transfer of mera encoding mercury-resistance plasmids from soil bacteria enterobacter cloacae and enterococcus durans into two ruminal isolates citrobacter freundii and bacillus subtilis was observed. approximately the same frequency of mobilization in mating experiments was observed for both gram-negative (approximately 2.5 x 10(-8), trans ...	2006	17007435
evaluation of the 10th external quality assessment scheme results in clinical microbiology laboratories in tehran and districts.	we evaluated the performance of microbiology laboratories in the 10th run of the external quality assessment scheme (eqas) in tehran and districts. each laboratory was sent 2 species of bacteria for identification. of the 487 laboratories that participated, 437 returned their findings. while 77.0% and 69.9% correctly identified staphylococcus saprophyticus and citrobacter freundii respectively, only 29.8% correctly identified acinetobacter baumanii, 25.3% identified enterococcus faecalis and 35. ...	2006	17037699
carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios influence biofilm formation by enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii.	to test the effects of c : n : p ratio modification of a well-known nutrient medium formulation, the endo formulation on biofilm formation by enterobacter cloacae ecl and citrobacter freundii cf1 in both single-species and binary species biofilms.	2006	17040234
antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacilli from yaounde central hospital, cameroon.	antimicrobial resistance among bacteria pathogens is a world-wide issue. the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogenic bacteria are essential to guide empirical and pathogen-specific therapy; unfortunately, these data are scarse in cameroon.	2006	17604512
microbiologic profile of flexible endoscope disinfection in two brazilian hospitals.	[corrected] endoscopes are routinely used in hospitals and clinics of the world and they can be potential sources of cross-infection when the decontamination process is unsuitable	2006	17406750
bactericidal activity of normal bovine serum (nbs) directed against some enterobacteriaceae with sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (lps) as a component of cell wall.	the sensitivity of bacteria to the bactericidal activity of serum depends on the structure and organization of the bacterial outer membrane. sialic acid has been found in the o-specific region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and it plays an essential role in protecting gram-negative bacteria against the bactericidal activity of human and animal serum. the susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli with sialic acid-containing lps to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (nbs) was dete ...	2006	17338268
[overexpression of citrobacter braakii phytase with high specific activity in pichia pastoris].	utilization of the phytase with high specific activity is an effective way to improve the fermentation potency of phytase in recombinant host and decrease the production cost. up to now, the phytase appa from citrobacter braakii exhibits the highest specific activity in the all phytases recorded previously. the gene appa encoding phytase was modified according to the bias in codon choice of the high expression gene in pichia pastoris without changing the amino acid sequence and artificially synt ...	2006	17302159
[using antibiotics in urinary tract infection in a first level of attention health care unit in bogotá, colombia].	describing using antibiotics for urinary tract infection in a first level of attention health care unit.	2006	17191601
growth of salmonella enterica in model mixed cultures during a two-step enrichment.	growth of salmonella enterica was studied in model mixed cultures with citrobacter freundii or escherichia coli in buffered peptone water (bpw) and in rappaport-vassiliadis medium with soya (rvs) with modified concentrations of mgcl2 and malachite green, and at modified incubation temperatures. selected s. enterica strains were inoculated in bpw (10(0) cfu/ml) together with selected strains of citrobacter freundii (up to 10(8) cfu/ml) or selected strains of escherichia coli (up to 10(8) cfu/ml), ...	2006	17201092
[antagonistic effect of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus acidophilus on klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and proteus mirabilis cells].	data of the ultrastructural cellular changes of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria, including k. pneumoniae, c. freundii and p. mirabilis cells impacts to bacteriocin-producing l. acidophilus are presented. enterobacteria in response to the bacteriocinogenic effect of lactobacilli are manifestated by expressive destructions of sensitive to pore formation bacteriocin cells. various morphological types of enterobacteria cells with increase of involution, lysing and resting forms are revealed. ...	2006	17297872
[short communication: prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in gram negative rods: data of 2001-2004 period].	this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by gram negative rods (gnrs) isolated from various clinical specimens (3.240 urine, 336 pus, 277 feces, 83 blood, 38 sputum) sent to our hospital laboratory, between 2001-2004. of isolated bacteria 71.4% were identified as escherichia coli, 11.1% were klebsiella spp, 4.2% were salmonella spp, 3.7% were pseudomonas spp, 3.5% were proteus spp, 2.9% were shigella spp, 2.3% were enterobacter s ...	2006	17205693
improved cell typing by charge-state deconvolution of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra.	robust, specific, and rapid identification of toxic strains of bacteria and viruses, to guide the mitigation of their adverse health effects and optimum implementation of other response actions, remains a major analytical challenge. this need has driven the development of methods for classification of microorganisms using mass spectrometry, particularly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms), that allows high-throughput analyses with minimum sample preparation. ...	2006	16628570
role of bacteria in the oviposition behaviour and larval development of stable flies.	stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), are the most important pests of cattle in the united states. however, adequate management strategies for stable flies, especially for pastured cattle, are lacking. microbial/symbiont-based approaches offer novel venues for management of insect pests and/or vector-borne human and animal pathogens. unfortunately, the fundamental knowledge of stable fly-microbial associations and their effect on stable fly biology is lacking. in this study, stable flies laid ...	2006	16608496
antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans.	five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ...	2006	16610214
l-methionine gamma-lyase from citrobacter freundii: cloning of the gene and kinetic parameters of the enzyme.	it is shown for the first time for the enterobacteriaceae family that a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is present in the genome of citrobacter freundii. homogeneous enzyme has been purified from c. freundii cells and its n-terminal sequence has been determined. the hybrid plasmid pucmgl obtained from the c. freundii genomic library contains an ecori insert of about 3000 bp, which ensures the appearance of mgl activity when expressed in escherichia coli tg1 cells. the nucleotide seq ...	2006	16615855
rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae by sequencing dna gyrase subunit b encoding gene.	real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to characterize a 506-bp-long dna fragment internal to the gyrb gene (gyrbint). the sequences obtained from 32 enterobacteriaceae-type strains and those available in the genbank nucleotide sequence database (n = 24) were used as a database to identify 240 clinical enterobacteria isolates. sequence analysis of the gyrbint fragment of 240 strains showed that gyrbint constitutes a discriminative target sequence to differentiate between en ...	2006	16626902
[transference of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases from nosocomial strains of klebsiella pneumoniae to other species of enterobacteriaceae].	klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogenic bacterium, frequently isolated from nosocomial samples, that exhibits wide antimicrobial resistance profiles, including third generation cephalosporins (3gc), aminoglycosides and quinolones. the resistance to 3gc is mainly due to the synthesis of extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbl), encoded by conjugative plasmids.	2006	16758075
qnrb, another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance.	a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrb, has been discovered in a plasmid encoding the ctx-m-15 beta-lactamase from a klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in south india. it has less than 40% amino acid identity with the original qnr (now qnra) gene or with the recently described qnrs but, like them, codes for a protein belonging to the pentapeptide repeat family. strains with qnrb demonstrated low-level resistance to all quinolones tested. the gene has been cloned in an expres ...	2006	16569827
the enteropathogenic escherichia coli type iii secretion system effector map binds ebp50/nherf1: implication for cell signalling and diarrhoea.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is the single most important contributor to child diarrhoea in developing countries. nevertheless, the mechanism responsible for epec diarrhoea remains elusive. using the yeast two-hybrid system to determine the target host cell protein of the epec type iii secretion system effector map led to identification of ezrin/radixin/moesin (erm)-binding phosphoprotein 50 (ebp50), also known as na+/h+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (nherf1). protein interaction is ...	2006	16573685
[purification and properties of citrobacter freundii phytase].	phytase (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.26) catalyses the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). phytases are of great commercial importance due to their usage as supplement of food and animal feed, which can cater to nutrition demands and alleviate environmental problems, has been approved by many countries. although acid phytases have been extensively studied, information regarding the phytases from citrobacter is limited. in t ...	2006	16579482
global assessment of the antimicrobial activity of polymyxin b against 54 731 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance programme (2001-2004).	in total, 54 731 gram-negative bacilli isolated worldwide between 2001 and 2004 from diverse sites of infection were tested for susceptibility to polymyxin b by the broth reference microdilution method, with interpretation of results according to clsi (formerly nccls) guidelines. polymyxin b showed excellent potency and spectrum against 8705 pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2621 acinetobacter spp. isolates (mic50, < or = 1 mg/l and mic90, 2 mg/l for both pathogens). polymyxin b resistance rates were s ...	2006	16524407
evaluation of antimicrobial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics by etest against clinical isolates from 100 medical centers in japan (2004).	this antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was performed in 100 medical centers. the susceptibility of 9347 strains including escherichia coli (997 strains), klebsiella spp. (997 strains), enterobacter spp. (988 strains), citrobacter spp. (834 strains), indole-positive proteae spp. (855 strains), serratia spp. (925 strains), acinetobacter spp. (902 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (996 strains), oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (992 strains), and coagulase-negative staphylococci ...	2006	16529905
characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing kuwait and uk strains identified by the vitek system, and subsequent comparison of the vitek system with other commercial esbl-testing systems using these strains.	two hundred and fifty-one unique patient isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (123), escherichia coli (114), klebsiella oxytoca (7), enterobacter cloacae (5) and citrobacter freundii (2), flagged as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) positive by the vitek system (gns-526 card), were collected. these strains were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratories of the royal infirmary of edinburgh (rie), edinburgh, uk (and associated gp practices) ...	2006	16533989
crucial role of the melanocortin receptor mc1r in experimental colitis.	alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha msh) is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects, for example in murine dss (dextran sodium sulphate induced) colitis. the anti-inflammatory functions of alpha msh are mediated by the melanocortin1-receptor (mc1r) in an autoregulatory loop. the aim of this study was therefore to determine whether a breakdown of the alpha msh-mc1r pathway leads to worsening of disease.	2006	16543288
attaching and effacing pathogen-induced tight junction disruption in vivo.	diarrhoea is a hallmark of infections by the human attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens, enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and enteropathogenic e. coli (epec). although the mechanisms underlying diarrhoea induced by these pathogens remain unknown, cell culture results have suggested that these pathogens may target tight junctions. tight junctions in the colon function as physical intercellular barriers that separate and prevent mixing of the luminal contents with adlumenal regions of ...	2006	16548889
the presence of a conjugative gram-positive tn2009 in gram-negative commensal bacteria.	to determine whether mef(a)-msr(d) and tet(m) genes are linked in representative gram-negative isolates and/or transferred together during conjugation. to molecularly characterize the acinetobacter junii element and compare the structure and sequence with the non-conjugative streptococcus pneumoniae tn2009 element.	2006	16551693
citrobacter rodentium-induced nf-kappab activation in hyperproliferating colonic epithelia: role of p65 (ser536) phosphorylation.	1. the transcription factors of the nf-kappab/rel family form dimeric complexes that control expression of various genes involved in inflammation and proliferation. 2. during transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) induced by citrobacter rodentium, nuclear translocation of nf-kappab in isolated colonic crypts increased 3 day's post-infection and continued over 12 days paralleling peak hyperplasia. antibody supershifts for both p65/p50 hetero- and p50/p50 homodimers occurred. expression l ...	2006	16751795
essential role of the type iii secretion system effector nleb in colonization of mice by citrobacter rodentium.	attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens are a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. all a/e pathogens carry a large pathogenicity island, termed the locus for enterocyte effacement (lee), which encodes a type iii secretion system that translocates several effector proteins into host cells. to identify novel virulence determinants in a/e pathogens, we performed a signature-tagged mutagenesis screen in c57bl/6 mice by using the mouse a/e pathogen citrobacter rodentium ...	2006	16552063
toll-like receptor 4 contributes to colitis development but not to host defense during citrobacter rodentium infection in mice.	enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) are noninvasive bacterial pathogens that infect their hosts' intestinal epithelium, causing severe diarrheal disease. these infections also cause intestinal inflammation, although the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response, as well as its potential role in host defense, are unclear. since these bacteria are gram-negative, toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), the innate receptor for bacterial lipopolysaccharide may con ...	2006	16622187
polymeric and compositional properties of novel extracellular microbial polyglucosamine biopolymer from new strain of citrobacter sp. bl-4.	a novel polyglucosamine polymer, pgb-2, was produced extracellularly from a new strain citrobacter sp. bl-4 using ph-stat fed batch cultivation. it was composed of 97.3% glucosamine and 2.7% rhamnose; its average molecular weight, solubility in 2% acetic acid and viscosity were 20 kda, 5 g l(-1) and 2.9 cps, respectively. ft-ir and 1h nmr spectra of pgb-2 revealed a close identity with chitosan from crab shells.	2006	16555007
consequences of citrobacter rodentium infection on enteroendocrine cells and the enteric nervous system in the mouse colon.	we tested the hypothesis that citrobacter rodentium infection leads to changes in the mucosal enteroendocrine signalling and the enteric nervous system and that the host's immune response contributes to these changes. enteroendocrine cells, serotonin (5-ht) reuptake transporter (sert), 5-ht release, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression were assessed in the colon of infected wild-type or severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. immunoreactivity for inos and neuropeptides were ...	2006	16548890
evaluation of a new chromogenic medium for isolation and identification of common urinary tract pathogens.	in the study presented here, a new chromogenic medium (cps id 3; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was compared to routine media for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria recovered from urine specimens, and a cost analysis was performed. escherichia coli, proteeae tribe, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus spp. and streptococcus agalactiae grew on the chromogenic medium as typical differentiated colonies and were accurately identified even in mixed ...	2006	16496114
small substrate, big surprise: fold, function and phylogeny of dihydroxyacetone kinases.	dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinases are a family of sequence-conserved enzymes which utilize either atp (in animals, plants and eubacteria) or phosphoenolpyruvate (pep, in eubacteria) as their source of high-energy phosphate. the kinases consist of two domains/subunits: dhak, which binds dha covalently in hemiaminal linkage to the nepsilon2 of a histidine, and dhal, an eight-helix barrel that contains the nucleotide-binding site. the pep-dependent kinases comprise a third subunit, dham, which rephosp ...	2006	16505971
microbial quality of commercial 'golden delicious' apples throughout production and shelf-life in lleida (catalonia, spain).	'golden delicious' apples taken from different points throughout the production chain and shelf-life were analysed for enterobacteriaceae, thermotolerant coliforms, e. coli, e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. a total of 36 samples picked up in the orchard, 36 after storage and handling in the packinghouses and 144 from different retail stores were analysed using standardised techniques. enterobacteriaceae counts were very variable. pantoea spp. was the main genera isolated. the percentage of sa ...	2006	16488042
nosocomial infections at kenyatta national hospital intensive-care unit in nairobi, kenya.	the objective of this study was to identify the common bacteria isolated from patients, antibiotics used, sensitivity patterns, therapeutic procedures and cleaning protocols practised in kenyatta national hospital intensive-care unit (icu). kenyatta national hospital is a 1,800-bed referral and tertiary-care hospital which is also the teaching university hospital. the icu has 20 beds. two members of staff, a consultant and a senior nurse, did the study. out of 195 patients admitted to the unit d ...	2006	16490968
microbial pattern and antimicrobial resistance, a surgeon's perspective: retrospective study in surgical wards and seven intensive-care units in two university hospitals in cairo, egypt.	significant morbidity and mortality in surgical practice is due to infection with resistant pathogens. data from egyptian hospitals may reflect a peculiar pattern.	2006	16490969
comparative analysis of a modified ecolite method, the colicomplete method, and a most-probable-number method for detecting escherichia coli in orange juice.	the ecolite high volume juice (hvj) presence-absence method for a 10-ml juice sample was compared with the u.s. food and drug administration bacteriological analytical manual most-probable-number (mpn) method for analysis of artificially contaminated orange juices. samples were added to ecolite-hvj medium and incubated at 35 degrees c for 24 to 48 h. fluorescent blue results were positive for glucuronidase- and galactosidase-producing microorganisms, specifically indicative of about 94% of esche ...	2006	16416921
plasmid-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from pet turtles in louisiana.	the sale of small turtles is banned by the food and drug administration from the u.s. market due to concerns about their excretion of salmonella spp. to produce a safe pet for the export market, the louisiana pet turtle industry uses gentamicin sulfate baths (1,000 microg/ml) to eradicate salmonella spp. from turtle eggs. in 1999, we analyzed bacterial samples recovered from turtle farms and found that strains of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and other bacteria, such as enterobacter cloaca ...	2006	16391058
carriage by the german cockroach (blattella germanica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospitals and households in tripoli, libya.	using standard bacteriological procedures, 403 cockroaches (blattella germanica) collected in tripoli, from hospitals or the households surrounding the hospitals, were examined for bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans. almost all of the cockroaches (96.1% of the 253 from hospitals and 98.7% of the 150 from households) were found to be carrying potentially pathogenic bacteria, with similar mean burdens of 3.2 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) (range=0-1.4 x 10(7)) for each hospital ...	2006	16417714