Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [bacteriological study of chronic sinusitis]. | to explore the characteristics of bacteria isolated from patients with chronic sinusitis (cr) and antibiotic-resistance. | 2005 | 16200963 |
| a gonococcal homologue of meningococcal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene is a new type of bacterial pseudogene that is transcriptionally active but phenotypically silent. | it has been speculated that the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (ggt) gene is present only in neisseria meningitidis and not among related species such as neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria lactamica, because n. meningitidis is the only bacterium with ggt activity. however, nucleotide sequences highly homologous to the meningococcal ggt gene were found in the genomes of n. gonorrhoeae isolates. | 2005 | 16202144 |
| single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | azithromycin is an azalide with in vitro activity against otitis media pathogens, good middle ear penetration and a prolonged half-life. a total of four clinical trials have evaluated the clinical success rate, safety and compliance of single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg) in the treatment of children with otitis media. among all the patients treated with single-dose azithromycin (30 mg/kg), and presented previously in four published clinical trials, end-of-treatment clinical success was 88% (544 ... | 2005 | 16207162 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| antigenic specificity of the mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important human mucosal pathogen causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the mucosal antibody response to m. catarrhalis in adults with copd. in this study, 10 pairs of well-characterized sputum supernatant samples from adults with copd who had acquired and subsequently cleared m. catarrhalis from their respiratory tracts were studied in detail in an effor ... | 2005 | 16299311 |
| cold shock response of the uspa1 outer membrane adhesin of moraxella catarrhalis. | colonization of the human nasopharynx exposes moraxella catarrhalis, a common cause of otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, to sudden downshifts in temperature, occurring when the host breathes cold air. we investigated whether in vitro cold shock influences the expressions of the outer membrane adhesins uspa1 and hemagglutinin, which are considered virulence factors, and of an m. catarrhalis homolog of reca, a housekeeping gene, which in ... | 2005 | 16299321 |
| positive blood cultures in pediatric emergency department patients: epidemiological and clinical characteristics. | to determine the frequency of the emergency department (ed) visits of bacteraemic children and to compare the clinical characteristics of the discharged patients with those of the admitted patients. | 2005 | 16302571 |
| antimicrobial activity of doripenem (s-4661): a global surveillance report (2003). | the spectrum of activity and potency of doripenem, a broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem currently in clinical development, was evaluated using 16 008 clinical bacterial isolates collected as part of an international surveillance project during 2003. using reference broth microdilution methods, doripenem was found to be highly active against oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (2705 and 297 isolates, respectively; mic90s 0.06 mg/l), with a potency gr ... | 2005 | 16307551 |
| kinetic bactericidal activity of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin against respiratory pathogens. | the present study assessed the comparative in vitro killing kinetics of telithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-haemolytic streptococci, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains characterized by different susceptibilities to beta-lactams and macrolides. for each bacterial species, representative strains were chosen for time-kill stud ... | 2005 | 16309423 |
| abc transporter ftsabcd of streptococcus pyogenes mediates uptake of ferric ferrichrome. | the streptococcus pyogenes or group a streptococcus (gas) genome encodes three abc transporters, namely, ftsabcd, mtsabc, and htsabc, which share homology with iron transporters. mtsabc and htsabc are believed to take up ferric (fe3+) and manganese ions and heme, respectively, while the specificity of ftsabcd is unknown. | 2005 | 16225685 |
| eradication of pathogens from the nasopharynx after therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with low- or high-dose amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. | the growing resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin can be overcome by increasing the dose of the penicillin administered. this generated the recommendation that the adult dose of amoxicillin for the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis (ams) be increased from 1.5 g/day to 4.0 g/day. the objective of this study was to investigate whether the higher dose of amoxicillin is more effective than the previously recommended dose in eradicating s. pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of patien ... | 2005 | 16226017 |
| role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | the goal of this study was to determine the role of lipooligosaccharide in the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. strain 2951 and its p(k) mutant strain 2951 gale were used in this study. this study suggests that the p(k) epitope of los is not an adhesin for m. catarrhalis, but plays a crucial role by its surface charge in the initial stage of attachment. | 2005 | 16237271 |
| [efficacy and safety of extended-release clarithromycin (5-day short-course) vs telithromycin, in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | the extended-release formulation of clarithromycin (cla-er) allows using this macrolide as a single daily dose. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the cla-er formulation (500 mgx2) vs telithromycin (teli) (400 mgx2) as a short course 5-day treatment, once a day, in patients with aecb. | 2005 | 16239090 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacterium without endotoxin, a potential vaccine candidate. | lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component of moraxella catarrhalis and a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by this organism. the presence of los on the bacterium is an obstacle to the development of vaccines derived from whole cells or outer membrane components of the bacterium. an lpxa gene encoding udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase responsible for the first step of lipid a biosynthesis was identified by the construction and characteriza ... | 2005 | 16239560 |
| sputum bacteriology in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant pneumonia in hong kong. | to study the sputum microbiology of patients admitted to a teaching hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) with concomitant pneumonia. | 2005 | 16248860 |
| efficacy of penicillin versus cefdinir in eradication of group a streptococci and tonsillar flora. | core tonsillar cultures were obtained from 40 children with recurrent tonsillitis treated with either penicillin or cefdinir. group a beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from 11 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.001) patients. beta-lactamase producers were recovered from 17 penicillin- and 3 cefdinir-treated (p < 0.01) patients. inhibiting alpha-hemolytic streptococci were isolated less often from penicillin-treated patients than from cefdinir-treated patients. | 2005 | 16251332 |
| recovery of interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis with telithromycin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. the numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. however, the number of interfering prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment. | 2005 | 16251334 |
| [study of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin]. | to evaluate the dosing regimens of levofloxacin. | 2005 | 16255991 |
| susceptibility patterns for amoxicillin/clavulanate tests mimicking the licensed formulations and pharmacokinetic relationships: do the mic obtained with 2:1 ratio testing accurately reflect activity against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis? | amoxicillin/clavulanate has recently undergone formulation changes (xr and es-600) that represent 14:1 and 16:1 ratios of amoxicillin/clavulanate. these ratios greatly differ from the 2:1 ratio used in initial formulations and in vitro susceptibility testing. the objective of this study was to determine if the reference method using a 2:1 ratio accurately reflects the susceptibility to the various clinically used amoxicillin/clavulanate formulations and their respective serum concentration ratio ... | 2005 | 16257168 |
| antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis isolated from otolaryngological infectious diseases. | in 2003, the japan society for infectious diseases in otolaryngology conducted its third nationwide survey of clinical isolates from otolaryngological infectious diseases. we selected three primary causative organisms of otolaryngological infectious diseases, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella branhamella catarrhalis, and evaluated their sensitivities to tosufloxacin (tflx), a new oral quinolone, because the survey revealed a rise in drug-resistant strains, suggestin ... | 2005 | 16258823 |
| specific and sensitive detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | early diagnosis of neisseria gonorrhoeae infections is important with regard to patients' health and infectivity. we report the development of a specific and sensitive taqman assay for the detection of n. gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. the target sequence is a 76-bp fragment of the 5' untranslated region of the opa genes that encode opacity proteins. a panel of 448 well-defined n. gonorrhoeae isolates was used to evaluate and optimize the assay. the method employs two minor-groove binding prob ... | 2005 | 16272500 |
| [nasopharyngeal and middle ear flora in children with acute otitis media]. | nasopharyngeal flora can be a reservoir of bacteria caused acute otitis media in children. the aim of the study was to identify microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibilities of pathogens from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with acute otitis media. the study comprised 128 children ages 1 year to 14 years with diagnosed of acute otitis media with purulent discharge. the nasopharyngeal and middle ear samples were collected at the same time. agar, chocolate, blood and chapman plates ... | 2005 | 16273858 |
| human c4b-binding protein selectively interacts with neisseria gonorrhoeae and results in species-specific infection. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of gonorrhea, a disease that is restricted to humans. complement forms a key arm of the innate immune system that combats gonococcal infections. n. gonorrhoeae uses its outer membrane porin (por) molecules to bind the classical pathway of complement down-regulatory protein c4b-binding protein (c4bp) to evade killing by human complement. strains of n. gonorrhoeae that resisted killing by human serum complement were killed by serum from rodent, lagomorp ... | 2005 | 16275906 |
| the alexander project: the benefits from a decade of surveillance. | the alexander project, initiated in 1992 as an international, multicentre, longitudinal surveillance study of antimicrobial susceptibility among common respiratory pathogens, has been pivotal in defining the role of global surveillance. at the time, there were few studies in which data were collected in a way that allowed meaningful comparisons to be made between studies, locations or over time. the project instituted the use of a central laboratory and standardized methods for the collection of ... | 2005 | 16282278 |
| identification and characterization of a novel outer membrane protein (omp j) of moraxella catarrhalis that exists in two major forms. | moraxella catarrhalis is a common commensal of the human respiratory tract that has been associated with a number of disease states, including acute otitis media in children and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults. during studies to investigate the outer membrane proteins of this bacterium, two novel major proteins, of approximately 19 kda and 16 kda (named omp j1 and omp j2, respectively), were identified. further analysis indicated that these two proteins possessed ... | 2005 | 16291671 |
| use of antimicrobial agents for upper respiratory tract infections in taiwanese children. | upper respiratory tract infections (urtis) are mostly caused by viruses. antibiotic misuse for viral urtis in children is a serious problem that not only results in selection of resistant strains of bacteria but also wastes millions of dollars each year in taiwan. antibiotic resistance among common respiratory bacterial pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and moraxella catarrhalis has become a major issue for public health. the common cold, ... | 2005 | 16422181 |
| macrolide-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae: clinical implications for the empiric treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | 2005 | 16614685 | |
| in vitro activity of quinolones against s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis in saudi arabia. | susceptibility of 88 clinical streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 116 haemophilus influenzae isolates and 80 moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 6 fluoroquinolones--ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin--were determined. isolates were from patients with invasive disease at 4 hospitals in saudi arabia between 1996 and 1998. s. pneumoniae isolates were fully susceptible to trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin; susceptibility to ofloxacin and le ... | 2005 | 16532669 |
| prevalence of moraxella catarrhalis infections of the lower respiratory tract in elderly patients. | to determine: *rate of isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in elderly patients having lower respiratory tract infection *the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of moraxella catarrhalis isolates. *the predisposing factors responsible for moraxella catarrhalis infections of lower respiratory tract. | 2005 | 16401943 |
| [community-acquired acute maxillary sinusitis or rhinosinusitis in adults in france: current management]. | sinus infections, often viral, are a common reason for physician visits. the multiplicity of clinical presentations makes its diagnosis difficult. the problem is to recognize bacterial infection without additional testing, except in cases of treatment failures, complications or relapse. patients with signs suggestive of rhinosinusitis fall into one of four basic clinical situations: common colds, 'doubtful' rhinosinusitis, apparent acute maxillary bacterial rhinosinusitis, and complications. ant ... | 2005 | 16395189 |
| moraxella catarrhalis--infected alveolar epithelium induced monocyte recruitment and oxidative burst. | the recruitment of monocytes appears to be a crucial factor for inflammatory lung disease. alveolar epithelial cells contribute to monocyte influx into the lung, but their impact on monocyte inflammatory capacity is not entirely clear. we thus analyzed the modulation of monocyte oxidative burst by a549 and isolated human alveolar epithelial cells. epithelial infection with moraxella catarrhalis induced monocyte adhesion, transepithelial migration, and superoxide generation, whereas stimulation w ... | 2005 | 15557018 |
| [in vitro susceptibilites to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 11,475 clinical isolates obtained from 52 centers in 2002]. | the susceptibilities of bacteria to fluoroquinolones (fqs), especially levofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents were investigated using 11,475 clinical isolates collected in japan during 2002. methicillin susceptible staphylococci, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, the family of enterobactericeae, haemophilus influenzae and acinetobacter spp. exhibited stable and high susceptibilities to fqs. the rate of fqs-resistant mrsa was 80 approximately 90%, bein ... | 2005 | 15849869 |
| telithromycin: the first ketolide for the treatment of respiratory infections. | the pharmacology, mechanisms of resistance, in vitro activity, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of telithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections are reviewed. | 2005 | 15851496 |
| mechanism of action of a novel series of naphthyridine-type ribosome inhibitors: enhancement of trna footprinting at the decoding site of 16s rrna. | the novel ribosome inhibitors (nris) are a broad-spectrum naphthyridine class that selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis (p. j. dandliker et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 47:3831-3839, 2003). footprinting experiments, using a range of nris and chemical modification agents on escherichia coli ribosomes, revealed no evidence for direct protection of rrna. in the presence of trna, however, we found that nris enhanced the known ribosomal footprinting pattern of trna in a dose-depende ... | 2005 | 15855511 |
| antipneumococcal activity of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | ceftobiprole (previously known as bal9141), an anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, was very highly active against a panel of 299 drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci, with mic(50) and mic(90) values (microg/ml) of 0.016 and 0.016 (penicillin susceptible), 0.06 and 0.5 (penicillin intermediate), and 0.5 and 1.0 (penicillin resistant). ceftobiprole, imipenem, and ertapenem had lower mics against all pneumococcal strains than amoxicillin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, ce ... | 2005 | 15855516 |
| pharmacodynamics of an 800-mg dose of telithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia caused by extracellular pathogens. | the pharmacodynamics of telithromycin, a new ketolide antibacterial, was examined in 115 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). patients received telithromycin 800 mg qd for 7-10 days. pharmacokinetic parameters were determined, and exposure was linked to microbiological outcome using logistic regression analysis. a breakpoint for increased probability of microbiological eradication was developed and was found to be the ratio of area under the concentration-time curve (auc) to minimum ... | 2005 | 15878442 |
| treatment of acute exacerbation of severe-to-very severe copd with azithromycin in patients vaccinated against streptococcus pneumoniae. | sixty-five consecutive eligible adult patients, who were treated as outpatients for stable severe-to-very severe copd, were enrolled in the study. all of them received 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine intramuscularly. patients were seen monthly, as well as whenever they had symptoms suggestive of an exacerbation, at our outpatient clinic. eighteen out of 65 patients suffered from acute exacerbation (aecopd). three of these patients presented two episodes of aecopd. patients ... | 2005 | 15878482 |
| microbiology of middle ear effusions from 292 patients undergoing tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease. | otitis media is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood illnesses. ideally, culture directed therapy for otitis media would be available, however, the common approach is to treat infections with antibiotics that cover the most common pathogens. the objective of this study is to describe the pathogens cultured from the middle ear effusions (mee) of patients that underwent tympanostomy tube placement for middle ear disease, compare these results with previous studies, and assess for trends su ... | 2005 | 15885332 |
| steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tigecycline. | the steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of tigecycline were determined after intravenous administration in 30 subjects. tigecycline was administered as a 100mg loading dose followed by six 50mg doses given every 12h and was measured using hplc/mass spectrometry. ratios of tigecycline maximum serum concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve to 90%-minimum inhibitory concentrations (c(max)/mic(90); auc/mic(90)), and percentage t ... | 2005 | 15885987 |
| long-term effects on the nasopharyngeal flora of children following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media with cefdinir or amoxycillin-clavulanate. | the effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of 10 days of amoxycillin-clavulanate or cefdinir antimicrobial therapy was studied in 50 children with acute otitis media. before therapy, 17 potential pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) were isolated from the nasopharynx of 14 (56%) of those treated with amoxycillin-clavulanate, and 20 potential pathogens were recovered from 15 (60%) of those treated with cefdinir. following therapy, at days 12 ... | 2005 | 15888464 |
| bacteriology of chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with nasal polyposis. | aspirates from 48 chronically inflamed maxillary sinuses from patients who had nasal polyposis were processed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. bacterial growth was present in 46 (96%) specimens. aerobic or facultative bacteria were present in 6 (13%) specimens, anaerobic bacteria alone in 18 (39%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 22 (48%). there were 110 bacterial isolates (2.4 per specimen). thirty-nine of the isolates were aerobic or facultative organisms (0.85 per specimen). th ... | 2005 | 15888469 |
| telithromycin: a ketolide antibiotic for treatment of respiratory tract infections. | telithromycin, a recently approved ketolide antibiotic derived from 14-membered macrolides, is active against erythromycin-resistant pneumococci. telithromycin has enhanced activity in vitro because it binds not only to domain v of ribosomal rna (like macrolides do) but also to domain ii. however, it is not active against streptococci and staphylococci with constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance. telithromycin, available in an oral formulation, is approved by the us ... | 2005 | 15889365 |
| guide to selection of fluoroquinolones in patients with lower respiratory tract infections. | newer fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and gemifloxacin have several attributes that make them excellent choices for the therapy of lower respiratory tract infections. in particular, they have excellent intrinsic activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and the atypical respiratory pathogens. fluoroquinolones may be used as monotherapy to treat high-risk patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and fo ... | 2005 | 15892589 |
| gemifloxacin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections: in vitro susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety. | gemifloxacin is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent exhibiting potent activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, such as the important community-acquired respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug-resistant s. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae , and moraxella catarrhalis . the agent's mechanism of action involves dual targeting of two essential bacterial enzymes: dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv. gemifloxacin was approved by the food an ... | 2005 | 15899734 |
| identification of surface antigens of moraxella catarrhalis as targets of human serum antibody responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important respiratory tract pathogen, causing otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). adults with copd make antibody responses to m. catarrhalis following infection, but little is known about the identity of the antigens to which these antibodies are directed. in this study, 12 serum samples obtained from adults with copd who had cleared m. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract follo ... | 2005 | 15908376 |
| investigation about the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with acute otitis media. | nasopharynx is thought to be a very important site as becterial reservoir for acute otitis media (aom). in this study, we investigated on the homogeneity of nasopharyngeal microflora at the different location of nasopharynx of children with aom. | 2005 | 15911015 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activity of new n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones. | a new series of n-linked 5-triazolylmethyl oxazolidinones with varying substitution at the piperazine nitrogen 4-position were synthesized and tested against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria including clinical isolates. most of the compounds showed excellent antibacterial activity against susceptible and resistant gram-positive organisms. one of the compounds showed enhanced antibacterial activity against moraxella catarrhalis. | 2005 | 15911326 |
| [efficacy and safety of telithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of 5 days of telithromycin (800 mg once a day) in the treatment of bacteriologically proven acute maxillary sinusitis (ams). | 2005 | 15914288 |
| occurrence of hypermutable pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients is associated with the oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation. | oxidative stress caused by chronic lung inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic lung infection with pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by the reactive oxygen species (ros) liberated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). we formulated the hypothesis that oxidation of the bacterial dna by ros presents an increased risk for the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa. the occurrence of hypermutable p. aeruginosa isolates was investigated directly in the sputum of 79 c ... | 2005 | 15917521 |
| comparative in vitro activities of investigational peptide deformylase inhibitor nvp lbm-415 and other agents against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | peptide deformylase inhibitor lbm-415 and seven other drugs were tested against mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and ureaplasma species (50 isolates). lbm-415 was active against m. pneumoniae (mics, <or=0.008 microg/ml). it showed no activity against m. hominis and m. fermentans and modest activity against ureaplasma spp. | 2005 | 15917568 |
| efficacy and safety of telithromycin 800 mg once daily for 7 days in community-acquired pneumonia: an open-label, multicenter study. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. telithromycin (a new ketolide) has shown good in vitro activity against the key causative pathogens of cap, including s pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and/or macrolides. | 2005 | 15927060 |
| acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pyogenes in children. | streptococcus pyogenes, or group a beta -hemolytic streptococcus (gas), is an important causative agent of bacterial pharyngotonsillititis and skin, soft-tissue, and invasive infections. although it is also an important pathogen in acute otitis media (aom), its exact role has not been determined. | 2005 | 15937760 |
| recovery of potential pathogens and interfering bacteria in the nasopharynx of smokers and nonsmokers. | active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke are associated with colonization by some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria and an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in both adults and children. in an attempt to explain these observations, this study compared the frequency of isolation of potential pathogens, and aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that possess interfering capabilities (ie, interfering with the in vitro growth of potential pathogens) in the nasopharynx of sm ... | 2005 | 15947322 |
| microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis. | sinusitis generally develops as a complication of viral or allergic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. the bacterial pathogens in acute sinusitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis, while anaerobic bacteria and staphylococcus aureus are predominant in chronic sinusitis. pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a potential pathogen in immunocompromised patients and in those who have nasal tubes or catheters, or are intubated. many of these organ ... | 2005 | 15949076 |
| extended release amoxicillin/clavulanate: optimizing a product for respiratory infections based on pharmacodynamic principles. | acute bacterial respiratory tract infections cause a great deal of human morbidity and mortality. treatment guidelines for these infections include macrolides, doxycycline, beta-lactams and beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to provide coverage for the common respiratory pathogens, including penicillin and macrolide nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in r ... | 2005 | 15954852 |
| the clinical course of acute otitis media in high-risk australian aboriginal children: a longitudinal study. | it is unclear why some children with acute otitis media (aom) have poor outcomes. our aim was to describe the clinical course of aom and the associated bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in a high-risk population of australian aboriginal children. | 2005 | 15955251 |
| roles of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid transferase from moraxella catarrhalis in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence. | lipooligosaccharide (los), a major outer membrane component of moraxella catarrhalis, is a possible virulence factor in the pathogenesis of human infections caused by the organism. however, information about the roles of the oligosaccharide chain from los in bacterial infection remains limited. here, a kdta gene encoding 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo) transferase, which is responsible for adding kdo residues to the lipid a portion of the los, was identified by transposon mutagenesis an ... | 2005 | 15972513 |
| antifolate activity of epigallocatechin gallate against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the catechin epigallocatechin gallate, one of the main constituents of green tea, showed strong antibiotic activity against 18 isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia (mic range, 4 to 256 microg/ml). in elucidating its mechanism of action, we have shown that epigallocatechin gallate is an efficient inhibitor of s. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase, a strategic enzyme that is considered an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents. the inhibition of s. maltophilia dihydrofo ... | 2005 | 15980368 |
| in vitro activities of levofloxacin and comparable agents against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from costa rican children with recurrent otitis media or failing other antibiotic therapy. | this study analyzes the in vitro activities of levofloxacin and other commonly used antimicrobials against middle ear fluid, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal pathogens obtained from children with otitis media at risk of having a resistant pathogen. levofloxacin proved to be very active against these pathogens and had intermediate activity against streptococcus pyogenes. | 2005 | 15980399 |
| in vitro activity of telithromycin against respiratory tract pathogens in comparison with other antimicrobial agents. | this study was done to evaluate the in vitro activity of a new ketolide telithromycin in comparison with clarithromycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 67), haemophilus influenzae (n = 139), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 46)collected between january and june 2003 in hong kong. among the h. influenzae isolates, 25.2% produced beta-lactamase, while 97.8% of m. catarrhalis isolates produced beta-lactamase. half of the s. pneumoniae isolates were n ... | 2005 | 15980628 |
| codon usage comparison of novel genes in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae. | a similarity statistic for codon usage was developed and used to compare novel gene sequences found in clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae with a reference set of 80 prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomes. these analyses were performed to obtain an indication as to whether individual genes were haemophilus-like in nature, or if they probably had more recently entered the h.influenzae gene pool via horizontal gene transfer from other species. the average and sd values were calculated f ... | 2005 | 15983137 |
| role of antimicrobial agents in the management of exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) are a common occurrence and characterize the natural history of the disease. over the past decade, new knowledge has substantially enhanced our understanding of the pathogenesis, outcome and natural history of aecopd. the exacerbations not only greatly reduce the quality of life of these patients, but also result in hospitalization, respiratory failure, and death. the exacerbations are the major cost drivers in consumption of ... | 2005 | 15987232 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization by moraxella catarrhalis and study of antimicrobial susceptibility in healthy children from cuban day-care centers. | the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of moraxella catarrhalis was determined for the first time in cuba. one-hundred fifty healthy children attending three day-care centers in the municipality of marianao, havana city were studied. the percentage of recovering bacteria in nasal and pharyngeal swabs was compared. antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulan ... | 2005 | 15778001 |
| haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane determinants, including dsra, define two clonal populations. | the haemophilus ducreyi outer membrane component dsra (for ducreyi serum resistance a) is necessary for complete resistance to normal human serum (nhs). when dsra expression in 19 temporally and geographically diverse clinical isolates of h. ducreyi was examined by western blotting, 5 of the strains expressed a different immunotype of the dsra protein (dsra(ii)) than the well-characterized prototypical strain 35000hp (dsra(i)). the predicted dsra proteins expressed by the dsra(ii) strains were 1 ... | 2005 | 15784585 |
| the uspa2 protein of moraxella catarrhalis is directly involved in the expression of serum resistance. | many strains of moraxella catarrhalis are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. previous studies have shown that mutations involving the insertion of an antibiotic resistance cartridge into the m. catarrhalis uspa2 gene resulted in the conversion of a serum-resistant strain to a serum-sensitive phenotype. in the present study, the deletion of the entire uspa2 gene from the serum-resistant m. catarrhalis strain o35e resulted in a serum-sensitive phenotype and did not affec ... | 2005 | 15784586 |
| acquisition of resistance to carbapenems in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of acinetobacter baumannii: natural insertional inactivation of a gene encoding a member of a novel family of beta-barrel outer membrane proteins. | the outer membrane proteins responsible for the influx of carbapenem beta-lactam antibiotics in the nonfermentative gram-negative pathogen acinetobacter baumannii are still poorly characterized. resistance to both imipenem and meropenem in multidrug-resistant clinical strains of a. baumannii is associated with the loss of a heat-modifiable 29-kda outer membrane protein, designated caro. the chromosomal locus containing the caro gene was cloned and characterized from different clinical isolates. ... | 2005 | 15793123 |
| comparative antimicrobial characterization of lbm415 (nvp pdf-713), a new peptide deformylase inhibitor of clinical importance. | lbm415 (nvp pdf-713) is the first member of the peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor class being developed for clinical trials as a parenteral and oral agent for treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract disease and serious infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant gram-positive cocci. in this study susceptibility testing results from 1,306 recent clinical isolates selected to over-represent resistance trends among the species were summarized. all staphylococci (153 strains; mic at whi ... | 2005 | 15793128 |
| mutant prevention concentrations of abt-492, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against three common respiratory pathogens. | the purpose of this study was to compare the mutant prevention concentration (mpc) of abt-492 to those of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the fluoroquinolones had comparable mutation selection windows, which is the ratio of mpc/mic, for all isolates. | 2005 | 15793158 |
| weekly point prevalence of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the upper airways of normal young children: effect of respiratory illness and season. | the aim was to determine the effect of respiratory illness and season on carriage rates in the upper airways of streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in normal children. sixteen healthy children, 1-10 years old, amenable to weekly sampling were followed longitudinally for at least three seasons of the year. respiratory symptoms were recorded daily; weekly nasal aspirate/wash samples were cultured on selective agars. urea concentration in samples was used to de ... | 2005 | 15799766 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a serious lower respiratory tract infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is characterized by disputes over diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic decisions. with the widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and the increasing number of immunocompromised hosts, the etiology and the drug resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for cap have changed. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2005 | 15802165 |
| moraxella catarrhalis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: burden of disease and immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is frequently present in the sputum of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). little is known about the role of m. catarrhalis in this common disease. | 2005 | 15805178 |
| cefdinir: an oral alternative to parenteral cephems. | cost savings are possible if oral cephems of equivalent efficacy can be substituted for parenteral cephems. an in vitro study was performed to compare the activity of cefdinir, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime against 243 clinical isolates of human pathogens. activities were determined by national committee for clinical laboratory standards microbroth dilution methodology using an inoculum of approximately 5 x 10(5) cfu/ml. cefdinir was the single or equally most pote ... | 2005 | 15808317 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of potential bacterial pathogens in adults with acute respiratory tract infections prospective epidemiological network investigating community-acquired infection surveillance in nagasaki (penicillin) study. | the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in acute upper respiratory tract infections (aurtis) is not clear. we conducted a prospective community-based multicenter study in 45 centers across nagasaki, japan, between december 2001 and april 2002. we examined the nasopharyngeal or throat isolates in 930 adult outpatients with aurtis. potential bacterial pathogens, including streptococcus pyogenes (from 6.8% patients), s. pneumoniae (5.3%), s. milleri group (2.0%) ... | 2005 | 15808319 |
| identification of a conserved moraxella catarrhalis haemoglobin-utilization protein, mhua. | moraxella catarrhalis is a leading cause of acute otitis media in children and is a cause of respiratory disease in adults with underlying lung disease. this organism is a strict human pathogen that has an absolute requirement for iron in order to grow and cause disease. previous studies identified transferrin and lactoferrin receptors used by m. catarrhalis to obtain iron from the human host, yet other iron-acquisition systems remain undefined. in this study, it is demonstrated that this strict ... | 2005 | 15817782 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced septic arthritis of a prosthetic knee joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anakinra: comment on the article by schiff et al. | 2005 | 15818660 | |
| microbiology of sinusitis and the predictive value of throat culture for the aetiology of sinusitis. | a prospective study of throat cultures and maxillary sinus aspirates from children with chronic sinusitis (n = 21), acute sinusitis (n = 28) or a clinical diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis (n = 41) was performed. seventy-two bacterial pathogens were isolated from sinus aspirates from 52% of the study population. haemophilus influenzae was most common pathogen, followed by moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and group a streptococci. quantitative throat cultures ... | 2005 | 15819870 |
| usefulness of the japanese respiratory society guidelines for community pneumonia: a retrospective analysis of community-acquired pneumonia between 2000 and 2002 in a general hospital. | the aim of this study was to investigate the causative organisms of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) diagnosed between 2000 and 2002 and to evaluate the japanese respiratory society (jrs) guidelines. | 2005 | 15823187 |
| pathogenesis of afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli. | over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge about diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) pathogenesis have taken place. the typical class of daec includes e. coli strains harboring afae-i, afae-ii, afae-iii, afae-v, dr, dr-ii, f1845, and nfa-i adhesins (afa/dr daec); these strains (i) have an identical genetic organization and (ii) allow binding to human decay-accelerating factor (daf) (afa/dr(daf) subclass) or carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) (afa/dr(cea) subclass). the atypi ... | 2005 | 15831825 |
| characterization of a cluster of three glycosyltransferase enzymes essential for moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. | moraxella catarrhalis isolates express lipooligosaccharide (los) molecules on their surface, which share epitopes similar to that of the neisseria and haemophilus species. these common los epitopes have been implicated in various steps of pathogenesis for the different organisms. in this study, a cluster of three los glycosyltransferase genes (lgt) were identified in m. catarrhalis 7169, a strain that produces a serotype b los. mutants in these glycosyltransferase genes were constructed, and the ... | 2005 | 15838019 |
| outer membrane protein p6 of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a potent and selective inducer of human macrophage proinflammatory cytokines. | interactions of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) with human macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of nthi-induced infection in humans. however, the immunologic mechanisms that initiate and perpetuate nthi-mediated macrophage responses have not been well explored. outer membrane protein (omp) p6 is a conserved lipoprotein expressed by nthi in vivo that possesses a pam(3)cys terminal motif, characteristic of immunoactive bacterial lipoproteins associated with toll-like receptor signa ... | 2005 | 15845475 |
| synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccines for serotype b moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and respiratory tract infections in the elderly. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium that elicits bactericidal antibodies. serological studies show that three major los types (a, b, and c) have been identified among clinical isolates. our previous studies demonstrated that the type a los-based conjugates were immunogenic in animals. in this study, los from type b strain 26397 was detoxified ... | 2005 | 15845482 |
| the use of macrolides in treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. | antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among upper respiratory tract pathogens. resistance to beta-lactam drugs among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pyogenes is increasing. as safe and well-tolerated antibiotics, macrolides play a key role in the treatment of community-acquired upper respiratory tract infections (rtis). their broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive cocci, such as s. pneumoniae and s. pyogenes, atypical pathogens, h. influenzae ... | 2005 | 15847719 |
| major bacteria of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in turkey. | to determine the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in turkey, quantitative cultures of sputum were carried out. the major pathogens for ltris were found to be haemophilus influenzae, followed by streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. only 6.1% of the h. inlfuenzae and all strains of m. catarrhalis were beta-lactamase producers. an e-test showed that 31.2% of the s. pneumoniae strains had an intermediate resistance to penicillin, and the remaining strai ... | 2005 | 15728995 |
| moraxella catarrhalis strains with reduced expression of the uspa outer membrane proteins belong to a distinct subpopulation. | the outer membrane proteins uspa1 and uspa2 are candidate antigens for a moraxella catarrhalis vaccine. we previously reported that 103 of 108 isolates (95%) from young children expressed uspa1 detected by reactivity with the monoclonal antibody mab24b5. the aim of the present study was to investigate mechanisms controlling uspa1 expression by analysis of five mab24b5 non-reactive isolates. four of these strains were characterized by (i) decreased or absent transcription of uspa1 and uspa2 and ( ... | 2005 | 15734074 |
| bacteriological efficacy of 5-day therapy with telithromycin in acute maxillary sinusitis. | increasing resistance among the key pathogens responsible for community-acquired respiratory tract infections, namely streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, has the potential to limit the effectiveness of the antibacterial agents available to treat these infections. moreover, there are regional differences in the susceptibility patterns observed and, as treatment is usually empirical, choosing an effective treatment can be challenging. telithromycin, the firs ... | 2005 | 15737519 |
| mixed bacterial meningitis due to streptococcus pneumoniae and neisseria meningitidis in an 18-month-old child. | we report an unusual case of culture-proven pneumococcal and meningococcal mixed meningitis in an 18-month-old girl. the patient responded well to antimicrobial therapy and recovered completely without sequelae. no underlying condition could be demonstrated except a rhinitis of unknown etiology 2 days before the onset of the symptoms suggesting meningitis. | 2005 | 15750140 |
| antibiotic activity of telithromycin and comparators against bacterial pathogens isolated from 3,043 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | antimicrobial therapy is considered an important component in the medical management of most patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb). the three predominant bacterial species isolated are nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. staphylococcus aureus is also frequently isolated while atypical bacteria are thought to cause up to 10% of exacerbations. antibacterial resistance is increasing worldwide and little surveillance data e ... | 2005 | 15755326 |
| bacterial otitis media: a vaccine preventable disease? | otitis media (om) is the most common childhood illness for which medical advice is sought. whilst the disease rarely results in death, there is a significant level of morbidity and economic burden on the community. although the causes of om are multifactoral, bacterial and viral infections are the single most important cause. bacteria responsible for infections of the middle ear are predominantly, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. antibiotics ... | 2005 | 15755616 |
| moxifloxacin in respiratory tract infections. | moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against respiratory pathogens, including gram-positive (streptococcus pneumoniae), gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis), and atypical strains (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae), as well as multi-drug resistant s. pneumoniae, including strains resistant to penicillin, macrolides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and some fluoroquinolones. moxifloxacin is highly c ... | 2005 | 15757424 |
| mimivirus in pneumonia patients. | mimivirus, the largest virus known to date, is an amebal pathogen-like legionella sp. when mimivirus was used as an antigen in a microimmunofluorescense assay, seroconversion was found in patients with both community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. mimivirus dna was found in respiratory samples of a patient with hospital-acquired pneumonia. | 2005 | 15757563 |
| in vitro investigation of the indirect pathogenicity of beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms in the nasopharyngeal microflora. | nasopharyngeal microflora contains some beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms. in this study, we investigated in vitro on the indirect pathogenicities of haemophilus parainfluenzae (h. parainfluenzae) and moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) against the antipneumococcul activities of some beta-lactams. | 2005 | 15763284 |
| induction of cd69 expression and th1 cytokines release from human peripheral blood lymphocytes after in vitro stimulation with alloiococcus otitidis and three middle ear pathogens. | alloiococcus otitidis is a recently discovered pathogen of otitis media. however, only a limited number of studies are available about the pathogenic and immunological role of a. otitidis. the aim of this study was to investigate the activation and the cytokine production of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at the early immune response after stimulation with a. otitidis. after stimulation of whole human peripheral blood lymphocytes for 18 h with whole killed a. otitidis or the three major midd ... | 2005 | 15708312 |
| carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam)-binding recombinant polypeptide confers protection against infection by respiratory and urogenital pathogens. | the human-specific pathogens neisseria meningitidis, n. gonorrhoea, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis share the property of targeting the carcinoembryonic antigen (cea)-related cell adhesion molecules (ceacams) expressed on human epithelia. ceacams are signalling receptors implicated in cell adhesion and regulation of several physiological functions. their targeting by pathogens can lead to tissue invasion. although the ceacam-binding ligands of the bacteria are structurally diver ... | 2005 | 15720557 |
| once-daily azithromycin for 3 days compared with clarithromycin for 10 days for acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. | to compare the efficacy and safety of oral azithromycin 500 mg once daily for 3 days with those of oral clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily for 10 days. | 2005 | 15725048 |
| antimicrobial resistance in the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media and otitis media recurring after amoxicillin therapy. | the objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the organisms isolated from the nasopharynx of children who presented with acute otitis media (aom) or otitis media that recurred after amoxicillin therapy. nasopharyngeal cultures obtained from 72 patients, 40 with aom and 32 with recurrent otitis media (rom), were analysed. thirty-six potentially pathogenic organisms were recovered in 34 (85 %) of the children from the aom group, and 42 were isolated from 29 (91 ... | 2005 | 15591260 |
| efficacy and safety of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 milligrams twice daily for 5 days versus amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 milligrams twice daily for 7 days in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | this randomized, controlled trial was designed to show that a short, 5-day course of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg (augmentin xr) is as effective clinically as a longer, 7-day course of conventional amoxicillin-clavulanate at 875/125 mg (both given twice daily) in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2,000/125 mg was designed to extend the therapeutic levels of amoxicillin in serum over the 12-h dosin ... | 2005 | 15616290 |
| in vitro activities of novel 2-fluoro-naphthyridine-containing ketolides. | in vitro activities of erythromycin a, telithromycin, and two investigational ketolides, jnj-17155437 and jnj-17155528, were evaluated against clinical bacterial strains, including selected common respiratory tract pathogens. against 46 macrolide-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae strains, the mic(90) (mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited) of the investigational ketolides was 0.25 microg/ml, twofold lower than that of telithromycin and at least 64-fold lower th ... | 2005 | 15616310 |
| serine-to-asparagine substitution in the gyra gene leads to quinolone resistance in moxifloxacin-exposed chlamydia pneumoniae. | quinolone resistance of chlamydia pneumoniae has not been described previously. serial subcultures of c. pneumoniae under increasing moxifloxacin concentrations (0.0125 to 6.4 mg/liter) resulted in a 256-fold mic increase compared to moxifloxacin-naive strains. gyra gene sequencing revealed a novel point mutation with a ser-->asn substitution. subcultures under rifalazil and macrolides did not alter the respective mics. | 2005 | 15616321 |
| a mutation in the sap operon attenuates survival of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in a chinchilla model of otitis media. | bacteria have evolved strategies to resist killing by antimicrobial peptides (aps), important effectors of innate immunity. the sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides) operon confers resistance to ap-mediated killing of salmonella. we have recently shown that sapa gene expression is upregulated in the middle ear in a chinchilla model of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi)-induced otitis media. based on these findings, we constructed an nthi strain containing a lux reporter plasmid driv ... | 2005 | 15618200 |
| nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children. | to determine the nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children and the role of flora in deafness. | 2005 | 15627450 |