Publications

molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions v. assault of the tight junction by enteric pathogens.	studies of the impact of enteric pathogens and their virulence factors on the proteins comprising the tight junction and zonula adherens offer a novel approach to dissection of tight junctional complex regulation. most studies to date provide only tantalizing clues that select pathogens may indeed assault the tight junctional complex. information on critical human pathogens such as campylobacter jejuni and shigella and salmonella subspecies is lacking. mechanistic studies are currently sparse, b ...	2000	11093933
identification of taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among campylobacter species by numerical analysis of aflp profiles.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based profiling was performed on 138 strains representing all named campylobacter species and subspecies. profiles of 15/16 species comprised 6 to greater than 100 fragments and were subjected to numerical analysis. the mean similarity of 48 duplicate, outbreak and/or 'identical' strain profiles exceeded 94%. species were clearly distinguished at the 17.90% similarity (s-) level in the dendrogram. subspecies of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter ...	2000	11094296
detection on surfaces and in caco-2 cells of campylobacter jejuni cells transformed with new gfp, yfp, and cfp marker plasmids.	we have developed two sets of campylobacter shuttle vectors containing either the gfp (green fluorescent protein), yfp (yellow fluorescent protein), or cfp (cyan fluorescent protein) reporter gene. in one set, the reporter gene is fused to a consensus campylobacter promoter sequence (p(c)). the other set contains a puc18 multicloning site upstream of the reporter gene, allowing the construction of transcriptional fusions using known promoters or random genomic fragments. c. jejuni cells transfor ...	2000	11097924
functional tn5393-like transposon in the r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida isolated in norway.	tn5393c containing stra-strb was identified as part of r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. this is the first time an intact and active transposon in the tn5393 family has been reported in an ecological niche other than an agricultural habitat.	2000	11097945
does enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 enter the viable but nonculturable state in salted salmon roe?	an outbreak caused by salted salmon roe contaminated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 occurred in japan in 1998. since about 0.75 to 1.5 viable cells were estimated to cause infection, we presumed that o157 might enter the viable but nonculturable (vnc) state in salted salmon roe and consequently that viable cell numbers might be underestimated. although patient-originating o157 cells could not grow on agar plates after 72 h of incubation in 13% nacl, they were resuscitated in yeast ...	2000	11097946
pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.	inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy causes a spectrum of conditions ranging from acute (guillain-barré syndrome), through subacute to chronic forms. the pathogenesis of acute forms is related to antibody responses against glycolipid epitopes which mimic bacterial, especially campylobacter jejuni, structures but t cells are also involved. the pathogenesis of chronic forms is poorly understood. different forms differ in their responses to steroids. chronic inflammatory demyelinating ...	2000	11098290
prevalence of diarrheagenic escherichia coli in finns with or without diarrhea during a round-the-world trip.	the incidence of diarrhea and the prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens, viruses, and parasites in feces of subjects with and without diarrhea were evaluated in 204 finns traveling round the world (from finland to china, malaysia, australia, fiji, chile, and brazil and back to finland). special emphasis was placed on the finding of diarrheagenic escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, shiga toxin-producing, and enteroaggregative strains) by pcr from growth on primary culture plate ...	2000	11101575
diarrhea in children under 5 years of age from ifakara, tanzania: a case-control study.	a matched case-control study was conducted in the maternal and child health clinic (mch) in ifakara, tanzania, during the rainy season in order to elucidate the risk factors for and etiology of diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years of age. cases (103) and controls (206) were matched for sex and age group. precoded questionnaires with demographic details, clinical history, and physical signs were completed. stools samples were collected for bacterial, parasitological, and viral studies. a ...	2000	11101580
characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea.	florfenicol, a veterinary fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol, is approved for treatment of bovine respiratory pathogens in the united states. however, florfenicol resistance has recently emerged among veterinary escherichia coli isolates incriminated in bovine diarrhea. the flo gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol, has previously been identified in photobacterium piscicida and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. the flo gene product is closely related to ...	2000	11101601
in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) compared with 14 other antimicrobials against intestinal pathogens.	we studied the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 14 comparator antimicrobials against 288 recent isolates of enteropathogenic bacteria (106 salmonella: spp., 32 hafnia alvei, 22 yersinia enterocolitica, 21 shigella: spp., 16 aeromonas: spp. and 91 campylobacter jejuni). gemifloxacin, the other fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime were very active against all microorganisms tested except for c. jejuni. seventy-seven per cent of isolates of c. jejuni were inhibited by erythromycin < or ...	2000	11102426
purification, characterization and sequence analysis of omp50,a new porin isolated from campylobacter jejuni.	a novel pore-forming protein identified in campylobacter was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and named omp50 according to both its molecular mass and its outer membrane localization. we observed a pore-forming ability of omp50 after re-incorporation into artificial membranes. the protein induced cation-selective channels with major conductance values of 50-60 ps in 1 m nacl. n-terminal sequencing allowed us to identify the predicted coding sequence cj1170c from the campylobacter jejuni g ...	2000	11104668
diet influences the colonisation of campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract.	the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of diet on the colonisation by campylobacter jejuni of the chick caeca, and to determine whether the viscosity of the intestinal contents and mucin carbohydrates were altered by the diet. the diets investigated were maize based, wheat-based or wheat-based supplemented with xylanase. the xylanase-supplemented diet reduced the viscosity and lowered the numbers of camp. jejuni. feeding the enzyme-supplemented diet increased the amount of neut ...	2000	11130183
current cases in which epitope mimicry is considered a component cause of autoimmune disease: guillain-barré syndrome.	some patients develop guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after the administration of bovine gangliosides. patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. miller fisher syndrome (mfs), a variant of gbs, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from patients with gbs, and between gq1b and c. jejuni lipopolysaccharides from patients with mfs have been dem ...	2000	11130452
campylobacter contamination of raw meat and poultry at retail sale: identification of multiple types and comparison with isolates from human infection.	campylobacter species are the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis reported in the united kingdom, nonetheless many aspects of campylobacteriosis epidemiology remain poorly understood. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in fresh bovine, ovine, and porcine liver and chicken portions from retail outlets and compare strain subtype distributions with those associated with cases of human campylobacteriosis occurring within the same ...	2000	11131886
essential role of glu-c66 for menaquinol oxidation indicates transmembrane electrochemical potential generation by wolinella succinogenes fumarate reductase.	quinol:fumarate reductase (qfr) is a membrane protein complex that couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related enzyme succinate:quinone reductase (succinate dehydrogenase). in the previously determined structure of qfr from wolinella succinogenes, the site of fumarate reduction in the flavoprotein subunit a of the enzyme was identified, but the site of menaquinol oxidation was not. in the crystal st ...	2000	11186225
detection of thermophilic campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex pcr: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with campylobacter.	the best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari were examined. the multiplex pcr was able to detect type strains of the three species. all results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of c. jejuni, 20 strains of c. coli, and 4 strains of c. lari) by the multiplex pcr coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex pcr can simultaneo ...	2000	11193345
genotyping campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the gut and oviduct of laying hens.	campylobacter jejuni frequently colonizes the avian intestine. recent evidence suggests that this organism can also colonize the oviduct of laying hens. however, the source and role of this colonization are unknown. isolates from the ceca, cloacae, and oviducts of 11 laying hens in three intensive egg-producing flocks were genotyped by fla typing with the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the polymerase chain reaction product of the flaa and flab genes (fla typing) and pulsed-field gel ...	2000	11195647
sequential spread of campylobacter infection in a multipen broiler house.	generally, colonization with campylobacter jejuni is first detected in broilers 2-3 wk after hatching. once introduced into a flock, this infection spreads very rapidly. the sources and routes of transmission of c. jejuni in broilers remain debatable. in this study, the spread of infection was monitored in a commercial multipen broiler house in which birds were contained in discrete groups and sampled sequentially. colonization was monitored in two broiler flocks up to slaughter. serotyping and ...	2000	11195658
national surveillance of campylobacter in broilers at slaughter in denmark in 1998.	a surveillance study for thermophilic campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks was carried out for the year 1998 in denmark. the study included examinations of 4286 broiler flocks comprising samples from 57,000 birds. overall, a flock prevalence of 46.0% was recorded. the species distribution was campylobacter jejuni 86%, campylobacter coli 11%, campylobacter lari 1%, other not further diagnosed species 2%. the prevalence was significantly higher in the period from june to october (3.2 < odds ratio ...	2000	11195660
plasma cytokine response in mice with bacterial infection.	exposure to microorganisms elicts the production of cytokines. these soluble factors enhance several innate immune functions and regulate the ensuing specific immune response aimed at limiting the spread of infection.	2000	11200363
campylobacter jejuni bacteremia, peritonitis, and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis in a patient on capd: case report and literature review.		2000	11216580
[experimental study on an animal model of axonal form guillain-barre syndrome].	to investigate an animal model of axonal form guillain-barre syndrome (gbs).	2000	11236637
comparison of basal broth media for the optimal laboratory recovery of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	campylobacter species are the most common known bacterial cause of acute diarrhoeal disease and incidences are increasing yearly in ireland. concern is expressed that this increase may be due to poor laboratory techniques in recognising these organisms as they are fastidious and technically demanding to culture.	2000	11272874
transcriptional analysis of major heat shock genes of helicobacter pylori.	the transcriptional organization and heat inducibility of the major heat shock genes hrca, dnak, dnaj, groel, and htpg were analyzed on the transcriptional level in helicobacter pylori strain 69a. the strongly heat-induced dnak operon was found to be tricistronic, consisting of the genes hrca, grpe, and dnak. the dnaj gene specified one monocistronic mrna which was also heat inducible. the genes groes and groel were transcribed as one strongly heat-inducible bicistronic mrna which exhibited exac ...	2000	10894735
in vitro activity and fecal concentration of rifaximin after oral administration.	rifaximin showed moderately high mics (the mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited = 50 microg/ml) for 145 bacterial enteropathogens from patients with traveler's diarrhea acquired in mexico during the summers of 1997 and 1998. rifaximin concentrations in stool the day after oral administration (800 mg daily for 3 days) were high (average, 7,961 microg/g), proving the value of the drug.	2000	10898704
the controlled chaos of shifty pathogens.	bacterial pathogens use novel mechanisms to vary their surface structures. three new genome sequences provide a perspective on these mechanisms in borrelia burgdorferi, neisseria meningitidis, and campylobacter jejuni, which cause lyme disease, meningitis and gastroenteritis, respectively.	2000	10898967
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction validation of 25 "orphan" genes from escherichia coli k-12 mg1655.	despite the accumulation of sequence information sampling from a broad spectrum of phyla, newly sequenced genomes continue to reveal a high proportion (50%-30%) of "uncharacterized" genes, including a significant number of strictly "orphan" genes, i.e., putative open reading frames (orfs) without any resemblance to previously determined protein-coding sequences. most genes found in databases have only been predicted by computer methods and have never been experimentally validated. although theor ...	2000	10899145
helicobacter pylori urease suppresses bactericidal activity of peroxynitrite via carbon dioxide production.	helicobacter pylori can produce a persistent infection in the human stomach, where chronic and active inflammation, including the infiltration of phagocytes such as neutrophils and monocytes, is induced. h. pylori may have a defense system against the antimicrobial actions of phagocytes. we studied the defense mechanism of h. pylori against host-derived peroxynitrite (onoo(-)), a bactericidal metabolite of nitric oxide, focusing on the role of h. pylori urease, which produces co(2) and nh(3) fro ...	2000	10899833
involvement of a plasmid in virulence of campylobacter jejuni 81-176.	campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 contains two, previously undescribed plasmids, each of which is approximately 35 kb in size. although one of the plasmids, termed ptet, carries a teto gene, conjugative transfer of tetracycline resistance to another strain of c. jejuni could not be demonstrated. partial sequence analysis of the second plasmid, pvir, revealed the presence of four open reading frames which encode proteins with significant sequence similarity to helicobacter pylori proteins, inclu ...	2000	10899834
safety and immunogenicity of two different lots of the oral, killed enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-cholera toxin b subunit vaccine in israeli young adults.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea among israeli soldiers serving in field units. two double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized trials were performed among 155 healthy volunteers to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of different lots of the oral, killed etec vaccine consisting of two doses of whole cells plus recombinantly produced cholera toxin b subunit (rctb). the two doses of vaccine lot e005 and the first dose of vaccine lot e003 were wel ...	2000	10899847
cloning and dna sequence analysis of an immunogenic glucose-galactose mglb lipoprotein homologue from brachyspira pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis.	colonic spirochetosis (cs) is a newly emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli. the purpose of this study was to characterize an antigen that was recognized by antibodies present in sera of challenge-exposed pigs. the gene encoding the antigen was identified by screening a plasmid library of human b. pilosicoli strain sp16 (atcc 49776) genomic dna with hyperimmune and convalescent swine sera. the predicted a ...	2000	10899855
switching of flagellar motility in helicobacter pylori by reversible length variation of a short homopolymeric sequence repeat in flip, a gene encoding a basal body protein.	the genome of helicobacter pylori contains numerous simple nucleotide repeats that have been proposed to have regulatory functions and to compensate for the conspicuous dearth of master regulatory pathways in this highly host-adapted bacterium. h. pylori strain 26695, whose genomic sequence was determined by the institute for genomic research (tigr), contains a repeat of nine cytidines in the flip flagellar basal body gene that splits the open reading frame in two parts. in this work, we demonst ...	2000	10899861
role of phosphoglucomutase of bordetella bronchiseptica in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and virulence.	the phosphoglucomutase (pgm)-encoding gene of bordetella bronchiseptica is required for lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis. an insertion mutant of the wild-type b. bronchiseptica strain bb7865 which disrupted lps biosynthesis was created and characterized (bb7865pgm). genetic analysis of the mutated gene showed it shares high identity with pgm genes of various bacterial species and forms part of an operon which also encompasses the gene encoding phosphoglucose isomerase. functional assays for ...	2000	10899872
failure to detect muramic acid in normal rat tissues but detection in cerebrospinal fluids from patients with pneumococcal meningitis.	muramic acid serves as a marker for the presence of bacterial cell wall debris in mammalian tissues. there have been a number of controversial and sometimes conflicting results on assessing the levels of muramic acid in health and disease. the present report is the first to use the state-of-the art technique, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to identify and quantify the levels of muramic acid in tissues. muramic acid was not found in normal rat brain or spleen. however, when tissues ...	2000	10899874
[cu,zn]-superoxide dismutase mutants of the swine pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are unattenuated in infections of the natural host.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, contains a periplasmic cu- and zn-cofactored superoxide dismutase ([cu,zn]-sod, or sodc) which has the potential, realized in other pathogens, to promote bacterial survival during infection by dismutating host-defense-derived superoxide. here we describe the construction of a site-specific, [cu,zn]-sod-deficient a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 mutant and show that although the mutant is highly sensitive to the microb ...	2000	10899887
the serotype of type ia and iii group b streptococci is determined by the polymerase gene within the polycistronic capsule operon.	streptococcus agalactiae is a primary cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. essential to the virulence of this pathogen is the production of a type-specific capsular polysaccharide (cps) that enables the bacteria to evade host immune defenses. the identification, cloning, sequencing, and functional characterization of seven genes involved in type iii capsule production have been previously reported. here, we describe the cloning and sequencing of nine additional adjacent genes, cps(iii)fghi ...	2000	10913080
mutational analysis of the tra locus of the broad-host-range streptomyces plasmid pij101.	the tra gene of streptomyces lividans plasmid pij101 encodes a 621-amino-acid protein that can mediate both plasmid transfer and the interbacterial transfer of chromosomal genes (i.e., chromosome-mobilizing ability [cma]) during mating. here we report the results of in-frame insertional mutagenesis studies aimed at defining regions of tra required for these functions. while hexameric linker insertions throughout the tra gene affected plasmid and chromosomal gene transfer, insertions in a 200-ami ...	2000	10913083
the iron-responsive regulator fur of campylobacter jejuni is expressed from two separate promoters.	a lacz-based reporter gene system was used to identify the promoter of the campylobacter jejuni iron-responsive gene regulator fur. in other gram-negative bacteria, the fur promoter is usually located directly upstream of the fur gene and is often autoregulated in response to iron. in this study we demonstrate that expression of the c. jejuni fur gene is controlled from two promoters located in front of the first and second open reading frames upstream of fur. neither of these promoters was iron ...	2000	10913692
a variation of the amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) technique using three restriction endonucleases, and assessment of the enzyme combination bglii-mfei for aflp analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates.	we have performed amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting on a collection of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains with a restriction endonuclease combination (bglii and mfei) that has previously been used successfully for typing campylobacter jejuni isolates with high resolution. additionally, a variation of the aflp assay in which two rare cutting restriction enzymes (xbai and bsrgi) in combination with the frequent cutter (hinp1i) was examined. t ...	2000	10913860
infectious diseases of gastrointestinal tract in adolescents.	this article reviews the following gastrointestinal infections: esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis including duodenal ulcers, and enteritis (gastroenteritis). the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, morbidity/mortality, and prevention are discussed in relation to the most important pathogens. the symptoms and pathogenesis of esophagitis caused by candida albicans and herpes simplex are contrasted with the symptoms of esophagitis caused by helicobacter ...	2000	10916124
characterization of bartonella clarridgeiae flagellin (flaa) and detection of antiflagellin antibodies in patients with lymphadenopathy.	cat scratch disease (csd) is a frequent clinical outcome of bartonella henselae infection in humans. recently, two case reports indicated bartonella clarridgeiae as an additional causative agent of csd. both pathogens have been isolated from domestic cats, which are considered to be their natural reservoir. b. clarridgeiae and b. henselae can be distinguished phenotypically by the presence or absence of flagella, respectively. separation of the protein content of purified flagella of b. clarridg ...	2000	10921956
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in stool specimens by an enzyme immunoassay and surveillance for campylobacter upsaliensis in the greater salt lake city area.	the alexon-trend, inc. (ramsey, minn.), prospect campylobacter microplate assay was compared with culture on a campy-cva plate (remel, lenexa, kans.) and blood-free campylobacter agar with cefoperazone (20 microg/ml), amphotericin b (10 microg/ml), and teicoplanin (4 microg/ml) (cat medium; oxoid limited, hampshire, england) with 631 patient stool samples. the cat medium was used to isolate campylobacter upsaliensis. the enzyme immunoassay (eia) had a sensitivity and a specificity of 89 and 99%, ...	2000	10921981
high rates of phase variation in campylobacter jejuni?		2000	10931299
phase variation of a beta-1,3 galactosyltransferase involved in generation of the ganglioside gm1-like lipo-oligosaccharide of campylobacter jejuni.	ganglioside mimicry by campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharide (los) is thought to be a critical factor in the triggering of the guillain-barré and miller-fisher syndrome neuropathies after c. jejuni infection. the combination of a completed genome sequence and a ganglioside gm1-like los structure makes c. jejuni nctc 11168 a useful model strain for the identification and characterization of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of ganglioside-mimicking los. genome analysis identified a putat ...	2000	10931344
activity of antibiotics used in human medicine for campylobacter jejuni isolated from farm animals and their environment in lancashire, uk.	a retrospective study of 96 campylobacter jejuni isolated from farm animals and the environment showed that most were less susceptible than the nctc type strain to nalidixic acid (mics 4-32 mg/l), ciprofloxacin (mics 1-2 mg/l) and erythromycin (mics 16-64 mg/l), but had similar susceptibility to tetracycline (mics 4-8 mg/l) and kanamycin (mics 4-8 mg/l). none had the high mics of ciprofloxacin (>32 mg/l) or erythromycin (1024 mg/l) typically associated with clinical resistance in this species. s ...	2000	10933658
campylobacter infection of commercial poultry.	campylobacter jejuni, a widespread food-borne pathogen is responsible for enteritis in the populations of both industrialised and developing nations and is acquired by consumption of contaminated water, milk and food products. contaminated poultry meat is regarded as an important source of campylobacteriosis, with both commercial broiler and turkey growing flocks infected at two to three weeks of age by direct and indirect horizontal exposure. non-chlorinated water is regarded as a vehicle of in ...	2000	10935269
ostrich diseases.	scientific knowledge of ostrich diseases is incomplete and very fragmented, with specific details on technical aspects of diagnostic and/or screening tests completely absent in most cases. salmonella typhimurium is common in multispecies collections and causes mortality in chicks younger than three months on commercial farms, but is rarely found in chicks older than six months, or slaughter birds of twelve to fourteen months in southern africa. campylobacter jejuni and chlamydia psittaci are occ ...	2000	10935285
rapid detection of salmonella typhimurium in chicken carcass wash water using an immunoelectrochemical method.	an immunoelectrochemical method coupled with immunomagnetic separation was developed for rapid detection of salmonella typhimurium in chicken carcass wash water. samples of chicken carcass wash water were inoculated with salmonella typhimurium at different cell numbers. possible nonspecified inhibitors in the wash water were minimized by filtration and centrifugation. an approximately 9.4% loss of salmonella cells was found after filtration (p < 0.01). the samples were mixed with anti-salmonella ...	2000	10945578
expression of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) operon in actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: evidence that the cdtb protein is responsible for g2 arrest of the cell cycle in human t cells.	we have previously shown that actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans produces an immunosuppressive factor that is encoded by the cdtb gene, which is homologous to a family of cytolethal distending toxins (cdt) expressed by several gram-negative bacteria. in this study, we report that the cdt locus in a. actinomycetemcomitans is composed of five open reading frames, designated orf1, orf2, cdta, cdtb, and cdtc. the deduced amino acid sequences of the five open reading frames are highly conserved amo ...	2000	10946289
chronic helicobacter pylori infection induces an apoptosis-resistant phenotype associated with decreased expression of p27(kip1).	helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer. in short-term coculture with ags gastric cells, h. pylori inhibits cell cycle progression and induces dose-dependent apoptosis. based on the concept that an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis may contribute to the emergence of gastric cancer, we chronically exposed ags cells to h. pylori as a model of chronic exposure in humans. the ags derivatives selected by this process were stably resistant not onl ...	2000	10948161
neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits membrane ruffling and cytoskeletal rearrangements upon infection of primary human endocervical and ectocervical cells.	neisseria gonorrhoeae is a strict human pathogen that is, primarily, transmitted by close sexual contact with an infected individual. gonococcal infection of the male urogenital tract has been well studied in experimental human models and in urethral cell culture systems. recent studies, using tissue culture cell systems, have suggested a role for the cervical epithelium in gonococcal infection of females; however, the nature of gonococcal infection of the normal uterine cervix remains controver ...	2000	10948165
random transposon mutagenesis of campylobacter jejuni.	genetic studies of campylobacter jejuni have been limited due to the lack of a transposon mutagenesis method. here, we describe a novel technique for random transposon mutagenesis using a mariner-based transposon into c. jejuni strain 480. insertions were random, as demonstrated by southern blot analysis and insertional junction sequencing. we have demonstrated, for the first time, random in vivo transposon mutagenesis of c. jejuni.	2000	10948182
is campylobacter lipopolysaccharide bearing a gd3 epitope essential for the pathogenesis of guillain-barré syndrome?	the hypothesis has been proposed that the gd3 ganglioside-like lipopolysaccharide (lps) is essential for and functions in the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs) subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis. our study showed that patients with gbs or mfs who had previously suffered diarrhea had anti-gd3 antibodies less often than those who had not had diarrhea. sera from patients who showed gbs or mfs with the serologic evidence of prior c. jejuni infect ...	2000	10949532
functional analysis of putative restriction-modification system genes in the helicobacter pylori j99 genome.	helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium, which colonizes the gastric mucosa of humans and is implicated in a wide range of gastroduodenal diseases. the genomic sequences of two h.pylori strains, 26695 and j99, have been published recently. about two dozen potential restriction-modification (r-m) systems have been annotated in both genomes, which is far above the average number of r-m systems in other sequenced genomes. here we describe a functional analysis of the 16 putative type ii r- ...	2000	10954588
re-annotating the mycoplasma pneumoniae genome sequence: adding value, function and reading frames.	four years after the original sequence submission, we have re-annotated the genome of mycoplasma pneumoniae to incorporate novel data. the total number of orfss has been increased from 677 to 688 (10 new proteins were predicted in intergenic regions, two further were newly identified by mass spectrometry and one protein orf was dismissed) and the number of rnas from 39 to 42 genes. for 19 of the now 35 trnas and for six other functional rnas the exact genome positions were re-annotated and two n ...	2000	10954595
detection and investigation of campylobacter jejuni by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	a molecular typing approach for campylobacter jejuni with restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of the flagellin gene flaa in c. jejuni, was generated and studied. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-rflp with the restriction endonuclease mbo i, it was demonstrated that c. jejuni could be divided into four types. genotypic analysis of c. jejuni by pcr-rflp is a valuable technique for epidemiological typing.	2000	10955830
immune response to an 18-kilodalton outer membrane antigen identifies lipoprotein 20 as a helicobacter pylori vaccine candidate.	experiments were performed using the standardized murine model of helicobacter pylori infection to determine the immunogenicity of h. pylori outer membrane vesicles in immune protection. these vesicles, which are naturally shed from the surface of the bacterium, induce a protective response when administered intragastrically to mice in the presence of cholera holotoxin, despite the absence of the urease enzyme and associated hsp54 chaperonin. immunoblotting identified a specific serum immunoglob ...	2000	10816482
innate immune responses in children and adults with shigellosis.	an array of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators of the innate immune system was analyzed in stool, urine, and rectal mucosa samples from adults and children with shigellosis to better understand their role in recovery from and in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. increased concentrations of lactoferrin (lf), myeloperoxidase (mpo), prostaglandin e(2), and leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)) in stool during acute shigellosis in both children and adults indicated that activated cells of the innate defe ...	2000	10816520
direct urease test on bactec blood cultures: early presumptive diagnosis of brucellosis in an area of endemicity.		2000	10819622
campylobacter jejuni-induced severe colitis--a rare cause of toxic megacolon.	the development of toxic megacolon as a sequel of infectious colitis is rare. we have observed the very rare case of a campylobacter jejuni-induced toxic megacolon. a 28-year-old man was admitted with severe enterocolitis and appearance of blood in stools. he had been treated with loperamide without success. two days after admission stool cultures revealed campylobacter jejuni and then an oral antibiotic therapy was started. on the fifth day clinical performance deteriorated again with developme ...	2000	10820863
cloning and characterization of the mammalian brain-specific, mg2+-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase.	the enzymatic breakdown of sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinases is considered the major source of the second messenger ceramide. studies on the contribution of the various described acidic and neutral sphingomyelinases to the signaling pool of ceramide have been hampered by the lack of molecular data on the neutral sphingomyelinases (nsmases). we recently identified a mammalian nsmase, an integral membrane protein with remote similarity to bacterial sphingomyelinases. however, its ubiquitous expre ...	2000	10823942
isolation and characterization of strains cvo and fwko b, two novel nitrate-reducing, sulfide-oxidizing bacteria isolated from oil field brine.	bacterial strains cvo and fwko b were isolated from produced brine at the coleville oil field in saskatchewan, canada. both strains are obligate chemolithotrophs, with hydrogen, formate, and sulfide serving as the only known energy sources for fwko b, whereas sulfide and elemental sulfur are the only known electron donors for cvo. neither strain uses thiosulfate as an energy source. both strains are microaerophiles (1% o(2)). in addition, cvo grows by denitrification of nitrate or nitrite wherea ...	2000	10831429
macrorestriction fingerprinting of "streptococcus milleri" group bacteria by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	although isolates of the "streptococcus milleri" group (smg) of bacteria are regarded as members of the commensal microflora of the body, they are frequently encountered in purulent infections from a range of body sites. the genetic diversity of 91 epidemiologically unrelated smg isolates (including 37 commensal strains and 49 disease-associated strains) was analyzed by macrorestriction fingerprinting (mf). the genomes were digested with smai and apai independently, and fragments were resolved b ...	2000	10834967
rpob gene analysis as a novel strategy for identification of spirochetes from the genera borrelia, treponema, and leptospira.	spirochetes are emerging pathogens for which culture and identification are partly unresolved. in fact, 16s rrna-based sequencing is by far the most widely used pcr methodology that is able to detect such uncultivable pathogens. however, this assay actually has some limitations linked to potential problems of contamination, which hampers diagnosis. to circumvent this, we have devised a simple pcr strategy involving targeting of the gene encoding the rna polymerase beta subunit (rpob), a highly c ...	2000	10834976
role of vaca and caga in helicobacter pylori inhibition of mucin synthesis in gastric mucous cells.	the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of helicobacter pylori on the function of gastric mucous cells. h. pylori (10(4) to 10(7) cfu/well) was incubated with the mucin-producing gastric cell line hm02 for 12 and 24 h. mucin synthesis and secretion were determined by the incorporation of d-n-[acetyl-(14)c]glucosamine into intracellular and released high-molecular-weight glycoproteins. caga-positive, cytotoxin-producing and non-cytotoxin-producing h. pylori strains impaired the incorp ...	2000	10834979
molecular characterization of campylobacter jejuni from patients with guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes.	campylobacter jejuni has been identified as the predominant cause of antecedent infection in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs). the risk of developing gbs or mfs may be higher after infection with specific c. jejuni types. to investigate the putative clonality, 18 gbs- or mfs-related c. jejuni strains from the netherlands and belgium and 17 control strains were analyzed by serotyping (penner and lior), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of pcr products ...	2000	10834992
bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis.		2000	10836867
florid computed tomographic appearance of acute campylobacter enterocolitis.	a 28-year-old male presented with severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea. computed tomographic scan showed marked swelling of the distal ileum and entire colorectum. the patient recovered and campylobacter jejuni was subsequently grown from his faeces.	2000	10849986
role of the dpr product in oxygen tolerance in streptococcus mutans.	we have previously identified and characterized the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase of streptococcus mutans, which consists of two components, nox-1 and ahpc. deletion of both nox-1 and ahpc had no effect on the sensitivity of s. mutans to cumene hydroperoxide or h(2)o(2), implying that the existence of another antioxidant system(s) independent of the nox-1-ahpc system compensates for the deficiency. here, a new antioxidant gene (dpr for dps-like peroxide resistance gene) was isolated from the s. ...	2000	10850989
fur positive regulation of iron superoxide dismutase in escherichia coli: functional analysis of the sodb promoter.	in escherichia coli, the expression of sodb, which encodes iron superoxide dismutase, has been suggested to be activated by fur, the iron-responsive global regulator initially characterized as a transcriptional repressor. we investigated sodb regulation by functional analysis of the sodb promoter using sodb-lac fusions with various truncated and mutated promoters. several cis- and trans-acting elements involved in sodb regulation have been identified. the beta-galactosidase activity of sodb-lacz ...	2000	10850997
risk factors in causing outbreaks of food-borne illness originating in schoollunch facilities in japan.	we reviewed records of all outbreaks of food-borne illnesses due to schoollunch in japan from 1987 through 1996 to determine the risk factors causing these outbreaks. major hazards in 269 outbreaks were salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus. foods including uncooked or partially cooked items, salad or egg products presented a high risk in 62 outbreaks with confirmed food sources. contaminated food items were involved in 29 incidents (46.8%); storage of ...	2000	10852411
point mutations in a peptidoglycan biosynthesis gene cause competence induction in haemophilus influenzae.	we have identified three new haemophilus influenzae mutations causing cells to exhibit extreme hypercompetence at all stages of growth. the mutations are in mure, which encodes the meso-diaminopimelate-adding enzyme of peptidoglycan synthesis. all are point mutations causing nonconservative amino acid substitutions, two at a poorly conserved residue (g(435)-->r and g(435)-->w) and the third at a highly conserved leucine (l(361)-->s). the mutant strains have very similar phenotypes and do not exh ...	2000	10852860
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium peptidase b is a leucyl aminopeptidase with specificity for acidic amino acids.	peptidase b (pepb) of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is one of three broad-specificity aminopeptidases found in this organism. we have sequenced the pepb gene and found that it encodes a 427-amino-acid (46.36-kda) protein, which can be unambiguously assigned to the leucyl aminopeptidase (lap) structural family. pepb has been overexpressed and purified. the active enzyme shows many similarities to other members of the lap family: it is a heat-stable (70 degrees c; 20 min) hexameric ( app ...	2000	10852868
[acquired demyelinating neuropathies].	the acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies with either acute or chronic clinical presentation are considered autoimmune disorders. the guillain-barré syndrome is viewed as an acutely reactive and self-limited autoimmune disease, triggered by preceding bacterial or viral infections. there is a particularly strong association with the gastroenteric pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, and with cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus. it is likely that immune response directed towards the infecting orga ...	2000	10853551
functional analysis of genes in the rfb locus of leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a key antigen in immunity to leptospirosis. its biosynthesis requires enzymes for the biosynthesis and polymerization of nucleotide sugars and the transport through and attachment to the bacterial membrane. the genes encoding these functions are commonly clustered into loci; for leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis, this locus, named rfb, spans 36.7 kb and contains 31 open reading frames, of which 28 have been assigned putative functions on the ...	2000	10858186
coxiella burnetii exhibits morphological change and delays phagolysosomal fusion after internalization by j774a.1 cells.	coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium proliferating within the harsh environment of the phagolysosome. mechanisms controlling trafficking to, and survival of pathogens within, the phagolysosome are unknown. two distinct morphological variants have been implicated as playing a role in c. burnetii survival. the dormant small-cell variant (scv) is resistant to extracellular stresses and the more metabolically active large-cell variant (lcv) is s ...	2000	10858189
comparative genomics of helicobacter pylori: analysis of the outer membrane protein families.	the two complete genomic sequences of helicobacter pylori j99 and 26695 were used to compare the paralogous families (related genes within one genome, likely to have related function) of genes predicted to encode outer membrane proteins which were present in each strain. we identified five paralogous gene families ranging in size from 3 to 33 members; two of these families contained members specific for either h. pylori j99 or h. pylori 26695. most orthologous protein pairs (equivalent genes bet ...	2000	10858232
adherence of isogenic flagellum-negative mutants of helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae to human and ferret gastric epithelial cells.	isogenic flagellum-negative mutants of helicobacter pylori and helicobacter mustelae were screened for their ability to adhere to primary human and ferret gastric epithelial cells, respectively. we also evaluated the adherence of an h. pylori strain with a mutation in the flba gene, a homologue of the flbf/lcrd family of genes known to be involved in the regulation of h. pylori flagellar biosynthesis. h. pylori and h. mustelae mutants deficient in production of flaa or flab and mutants deficient ...	2000	10858255
bacterial, viral and parasitic enteric pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in hospitalized children from northern jordan.	to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in jordanian children under 5 years of age, we examined stool samples from 265 children admitted to the pediatric ward at princess rahma hospital for children, irbid, jordan, for parasites, rotavirus and enteric bacteria. using both traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques, we detected enteropathogens in 66.4% of patients with diarrhea. a single enteric pathogen was detected in 50.9% of the children, and multiple pathogens were detected in 15.5% ...	2000	10865179
heat-labile serotyping of two campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from patients with guillain-barré syndrome and belonging to serotype o19 (penner)		2000	10866545
bioserogroups of campylobacter species isolated from sheep in kaduna state, nigeria.	sheep campylobacter isolates from kaduna state were characterized into their species and bioserogrouped. a total of 1100 samples were collected from kaduna abattoir and national animal production research institute (napri), shika. the samples were from 250 gallbladder, 250 intestinal contents, 100 fetal stomach contents all from kaduna abattoir while 250 rectal swabs and 250 vaginal swabs were from the napri small ruminant programme. of a total of 1100 samples, 39 (3.54%) yielded campylobacter o ...	2000	10867319
comh, a novel gene essential for natural transformation of helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori is naturally competent for transformation, but the dna uptake system of this bacterium is only partially characterized, and nothing is known about the regulation of competence in h. pylori. to identify other components involved in transformation or competence regulation in this species, we screened a mutant library for competence-deficient mutants. this resulted in the identification of a novel, helicobacter-specific competence gene (comh) whose function is essential for tran ...	2000	10869072
roles of fe superoxide dismutase and catalase in resistance of campylobacter coli to freeze-thaw stress.	we demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a role in freeze-thaw-induced killing of campylobacter coli following analysis of mutants deficient in key antioxidant functions. superoxide anions, but not h(2)o(2), were formed during the freeze-thaw process. however, a failure to detoxify superoxide anions may lead to spontaneous disproportionation of the radicals to h(2)o(2).	2000	10877815
recombinant chimeric borrelia proteins for diagnosis of lyme disease.	current serologic lyme disease tests use whole borrelia cells as the source of antigen. these assays are difficult to standardize and to optimize for sensitivity and specificity. to help solve these problems, we constructed a library of recombinant chimeric proteins composed of portions of key antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. these proteins were then used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we compared our assay with the most sensitive of three whole-cell borrelia assays. we found ...	2000	10878038
helicobacter canadensis sp. nov. isolated from humans with diarrhea as an example of an emerging pathogen.	we recently analyzed 11 helicobacter isolates cultured from diarrhea patients in canada. these isolates had been characterized biochemically by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp; alui, hhai) analysis and by fatty-acid analysis as helicobacter pullorum. however, four of the isolates differed biochemically from h. pullorum by their inability to hydrolyze indoxyl acetate and their resistance to nalidixic acid. using complete 16s rrna analysis, we determined that these four strains clus ...	2000	10878041
virulent rough filaments of listeria monocytogenes from clinical and food samples secreting wild-type levels of cell-free p60 protein.	atypical rough cell filaments of listeria monocytogenes (designated fr variants), isolated from clinical and food samples, form long filaments up to 96 microm in length and demonstrated wild-type levels of adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity to human epithelial hep-2, caco-2, and hela cells. unlike previously described avirulent rough mutants of l. monocytogenes that secrete diminished levels of the major extracellular protein p60 and that form long chains that consist of multiple cells of sim ...	2000	10878057
slaughter pigs are commonly infected by closely related but distinct gastric ulcerative lesion-inducing gastrospirilla.	an association between (unculturable) gastrospirillum-like organisms (glo) and ulcerative lesions in the pars oesophagea in stomachs of swine has been claimed. in dogs glo detected by microscopy may represent several helicobacter species or subspecies. therefore we investigated which helicobacter spp. are present in stomachs of swine and their possible association with ulcerative lesions of the pars oesophagea. the presence of helicobacter spp. in the antrum and pars oesophagea in 122 stomachs o ...	2000	10878060
antibody to heat shock protein can be used for early serological monitoring of helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.	infection with helicobacter pylori induces humoral immune responses against various antigens of the bacterium. heat shock proteins (hsps) are immunodominant antigens in various diseases including h. pylori infection. in the present study, we measured the anti-hsp antibody titers in 42 patients with h. pylori-infected peptic ulcers during a bacterial eradication study. the patients were treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antimicrobial agents to eradicate the organism. their sera were obtain ...	2000	10882654
efficacy of flagellin gene typing for epidemiological studies of campylobacter jejuni in poultry estimated by comparison with macrorestriction profiling.	thirty isolates of campylobacter jejuni isolated from 29 different danish broiler flocks were chosen for the evaluation of pcr-fla typing as a genotyping tool. except for two isolates that originated from the same broiler flock, the isolates were clearly distinguishable on basis of their macrorestriction profiles using the restriction endonucleases smai and kpni. pcr-fla typing of the 30 isolates yielded 16 distinct genotypes, whereas one isolate was untypeable by this method. the dominant pcr-f ...	2000	10886607
development of a direct viable count procedure for the investigation of vbnc state in listeria monocytogenes.	a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) bacterial state was originally detected in studies in environmental microbiology. in particular, this state has been demonstrated for a number of human pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, vibrio cholerae, legionella pneumophila and campylobacter jejuni). the presence of vbnc cells poses a major public health problem since they cannot be detected by traditional culturing methods and the cells remain potentially pathogenic under favourable condit ...	2000	10886620
kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity.	kombucha was prepared in a tea broth (0.5% w/v) supplemented with sucrose (10% w/v) by using a commercially available starter culture. the ph decreased steadily from 5 to 2.5 during the fermentation while the weight of the "tea fungus" and the od of the tea broth increased through 4 days of the fermentation and remained fairly constant thereafter. the counts of acetic acid-producing bacteria and yeasts in the broth increased up to 4 days of fermentation and decreased afterward. the antimicrobial ...	2000	10888589
enolase from trypanosoma brucei, from the amitochondriate protist mastigamoeba balamuthi, and from the chloroplast and cytosol of euglena gracilis: pieces in the evolutionary puzzle of the eukaryotic glycolytic pathway.	genomic or cdna clones for the glycolytic enzyme enolase were isolated from the amitochondriate pelobiont mastigamoeba balamuthi, from the kinetoplastid trypanosoma brucei, and from the euglenid euglena gracilis. clones for the cytosolic enzyme were found in all three organisms, whereas euglena was found to also express mrna for a second isoenzyme that possesses a putative n-terminal plastid-targeting peptide and is probably targeted to the chloroplast. database searching revealed that arabidops ...	2000	10889212
sequential inactivation of rdxa (hp0954) and frxa (hp0642) nitroreductase genes causes moderate and high-level metronidazole resistance in helicobacter pylori.	helicobacter pylori is a human-pathogenic bacterial species that is subdivided geographically, with different genotypes predominating in different parts of the world. here we test and extend an earlier conclusion that metronidazole (mtz) resistance is due to mutation in rdxa (hp0954), which encodes a nitroreductase that converts mtz from prodrug to bactericidal agent. we found that (i) rdxa genes pcr amplified from 50 representative mtz(r) strains from previously unstudied populations in asia, s ...	2000	10960091
classification of antibiotic resistance patterns of indicator bacteria by discriminant analysis: use in predicting the source of fecal contamination in subtropical waters.	the antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal coliforms isolated from domestic wastewater and animal feces were determined using a battery of antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and vancomycin) at four concentrations each. the sources of animal feces included wild birds, cattle, chickens, dogs, pigs, and raccoons. antibiotic resistance patterns of fecal streptococci and fecal colifor ...	2000	10966379
development of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease pcr assay for detection of the ail gene of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica.	in this report we describe the development and evaluation of a fluorogenic pcr assay for the detection of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica. the assay targets the chromosomally encoded attachment and invasion gene, ail. three primer-probe sets (tm1, tm2, and tm3) amplifying different, yet overlapping, regions of ail were examined for their specificity and sensitivity. all three primer-probe sets were able to detect between 0.25 and 0.5 pg of purified y. enterocolitica dna. tm1 identified all 26 ...	2000	10966386
contribution of dps to acid stress tolerance and oxidative stress tolerance in escherichia coli o157:h7.	an escherichia coli o157:h7 dps::npti mutant (frik 47991) was generated, and its survival was compared to that of the parent in hcl (synthetic gastric fluid, ph 1.8) and hydrogen peroxide (15 mm) challenges. the survival of the mutant in log phase (5-h culture) was significantly impaired (4-log(10)-cfu/ml reduction) compared to that of the parent strain (ca. 1.0-log(10)-cfu/ml reduction) after a standard 3-h acid challenge. early-stationary-phase cells (12-h culture) of the mutant decreased by c ...	2000	10966408
amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chickens and from patients with gastroenteritis or guillain-barré or miller fisher syndrome.	the high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was used to study the genetic relationships between campylobacter jejuni strains infecting chickens (n = 54) and those causing gastroenteritis in humans (n = 53). in addition, c. jejuni strains associated with the development of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) (n = 14) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs) (n = 4), two related acute paralytic syndromes in human, were included. strains were isolated between 1 ...	2000	10966409
application of the 5'-nuclease pcr assay in evaluation and development of methods for quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading human food-borne pathogen. traditional diagnostic testing for c. jejuni is not reliable due to special growth requirements and the possibility that this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable state. nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional enrichment testing. in this article, we present a 5'-nuclease pcr assay for quantitative detection of c. jejuni and describe its evaluation. a probe including positions ...	2000	10966425
quantitative immunocapture pcr assay for detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods.	the rapid detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens as part of a quality control program is necessary for the maintenance of a safe food supply. in this report, we present our findings for an immunocapture pcr method for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods. the method permits direct detection of the pathogen without an enrichment step and can be performed in approximately 8 h. assay results are quantitative, and one cell in a milliliter sample can be detected. application of the met ...	2000	10966437
outbreak of campylobacter infection in a subartic community.	a presumably waterborne outbreak of campylobacter jejuni/coli infection in a subarctic community is described. drinking water supplied to residents was delivered unchlorinated during a 4-week period. no campylobacter sp. was recovered from the water supply. three hundred thirty individuals (15% of the 2,200 exposed) became ill. diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, nausea and joint pain occurred in 81%, 30%, 29%, 43% and 21%, respectively. nine percent reported swelling of joints, and two cases of r ...	2000	10968326