Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| human papillomavirus type 16 e6 and e7 gene variations in indian cervical cancer. | human papillomavirus type 16 is a causative factor for development of cervical cancer. the e6 and e7 genes of hpv 16 are critical to the process of immortalization and transformation of host cells. recent reports suggest that variants of these two genes may contribute to the risk of malignant progression of cancer in the uterine cervix. however, no data exist on sequence variations of hpv 16 e6 and e7 genes that may exist in india. therefore, we examined intratype variations in the e6 and e7 vir ... | 2002 | 12468324 |
| cdc releases 2002 guidelines for treating stds: part ii. human papillomavirus and hepatitis. | 2002 | 12469970 | |
| [some aspects of diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (review of the literature)]. | cervical cancer has remained close to the forefront of oncologic studies even in our days. the incidence of the disease has changed little, except in those countries with effective screening programs. the morbidity in lithuania reached 23.9/100,000 in the 2000's, while in comparison the morbidity in the 1994's was 20.4/100,000. the mortality was 13.2 and 11.3/100,000, respectively. over the last 50 years our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of lower genital tract squamous neoplasia ... | 2002 | 12474770 |
| eyelid verrucous carcinoma. | to report a case of verrucous carcinoma (vc) that presented as an eyelid mass on the right eye. | 2002 | 12474928 |
| parenteral and oral immunization with a plasmid dna expressing the human papillomavirus 16-l1 gene induces systemic and mucosal antibodies and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses. | the association of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and cervical cancer has been demonstrated. the development of a prophylactic vaccine to protect against primary hpv infection may therefore be an efficient means to reduce the incidence of this cancer worldwide. to assess the capacity of a plasmid dna that expresses the l1 gene of hpv type 16 to induce a protective immune response, mice were immunized by parenteral and oral routes. animals that received the dna vaccine intramuscularly, subc ... | 2002 | 11748663 |
| functional interaction between p/caf and human papillomavirus e2 protein. | p300/creb-binding protein-associated factor (p/caf), a transcriptional co-activator, interacts with co-activator p300/cbp and acidic transcription factors. p/caf mediates transcriptional activation by acetylating nucleosomal histones and cellular factors. previously we reported that cbp binds to human papillomavirus e2 and activates e2-dependent transcription (lee, d., lee, b., kim, j., kim, d. w., and choe, j. (2000) j. biol. chem. 275, 7045-7051). here we show that p/caf binds to the human pap ... | 2002 | 11744716 |
| cost-effectiveness of alternative triage strategies for atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. | every year approximately 2 million us women are diagnosed as having a cervical cytological result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (asc-us). | 2002 | 11988059 |
| the acceptability of self-collected samples for hpv testing vs. the pap test as alternatives in cervical cancer screening. | to explore the acceptability of the self-collection of samples for human papillomavirus (hpv) testing in comparison with that of the pap test. | 2002 | 11988136 |
| ins and outs of clinical trials with peptide-based vaccines. | peptides are the smallest antigenic components that are recognized by t cells when presented in mhc molecules on the cell surface. after the identification of peptides from tumor associated and tumor specific antigens, the exploration of the use of peptides in immunotherapy of cancer was instigated. from initial exploration of peptide-mediated induction of immune responses in mice, the peptide based vaccines have evolved to clinical testing in cancer patients. many different clinical trials have ... | 2002 | 11991853 |
| single-cell cytokine analysis allows detection of cervical t-cell responses against human papillomavirus type 16 l1 in women infected with genital hpv. | specific types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are known to play a causal role in the development of cervical cancer, with human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) identified as the predominant type. despite this, little is known about cervical immune responses to this pathogen. the aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of cervical cytobrush sampling and single-cell cytokine staining to investigate cervical lymphocyte-specific cytokine responses to hpv-16 antigens. of eighteen women recruit ... | 2002 | 11992584 |
| local treatment of hpv-induced skin lesions by cidofovir. | human papillomavirus (hpv) induced epithelial cell proliferation is responsible for a broad range of lesions. treatment of such lesions is characterized by a high relapse rate. four patients are described who were treated locally with cidofovir (cream 1% or injection of 2.5 mg/ml solution) for multi-treated relapsing hpv-associated lesions. three of the four patients had a complete response. the fourth patient showed a clinical response in the first cycle of treatment, but new lesions appeared d ... | 2002 | 11992585 |
| optimization of a human papillomavirus-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a strategy was developed for the control, standardization, and critical evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of human papillomavirus-specific immunoglobulin g in human sera. control human sera, polyclonal animal sera, and monoclonal antibodies were used to establish optimal assay parameters, including antigen coating, serum dilutions, and criteria for daily reproducibility, monitoring, and rejection of assays. three evaluation techniques were used in paral ... | 2002 | 11986263 |
| the human papillomavirus oncoprotein e7 attenuates nf-kappa b activation by targeting the ikappa b kinase complex. | infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpv) can lead to the development of cervical carcinomas. this process critically depends on the virus-encoded e6 and e7 oncoproteins, which stimulate proliferation by manipulating the function of a variety of host key regulatory proteins. here we show that both viral proteins dose-dependently interfere with the transcriptional activity of nf-kappab. a variety of experimental approaches revealed that a fraction of the e7 proteins is found in associ ... | 2002 | 11986318 |
| failure to detect human papillomavirus dna in malignant epithelial neoplasms of conjunctiva by polymerase chain reaction. | to elucidate the putative role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in the etiology of conjunctival tumors, 44 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of conjunctival tumors (24 patients with papillomas and 20 patients with dysplastic and/or malignant tumors) were screened for hpv infection using 4 different polymerase chain reactions (pcrs). of the 24 samples of papilloma, 14 (58%) displayed positive results by applying nested pcr using primer sets of hpv consensus l1 region. hpv type 6 ... | 2002 | 11888082 |
| abrogation of irf-1 response by high-risk hpv e7 protein in vivo. | we have previously reported that human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 interacts with irf-1, a key regulator of cellular immune response, and abrogates its transactivation function at the molecular level in vitro. to confirm our previous data, we investigated in vivo the e7-mediated down-regulation of irf-1 using hpv e7-inducible cells and transgenic mice expressing hpv-18 e6/e7. when e7 was induced in the absence of tetracycline, the expression of target genes of irf-1 (tap-1, ifn-beta, mcp-1 that are ... | 2002 | 11888675 |
| immortalization of bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells: a model for the study of vascular endothelium. | endothelial cells perform a large array of physiological functions that are influenced by their cellular heterogeneity in the different vascular beds. vein endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical cords are commonly used to study vascular endothelium. primary cultures of these cells, however, have low proliferative capacity and a limited life span. we have immortalized bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (buvec) by transfection with an expression vector containing the human papillomavir ... | 2002 | 11893074 |
| apoptosis of squamous cells at different stages of carcinogenesis following 4-hpr treatment. | squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is the end product of a multistep process characterized by a progression from normal epithelial cells through metaplastic or dysplastic intraepithelial changes that evolve into invasive cancer. since retinamides have shown promising in vivo anti-tumoral activity, we studied effects and effector mechanisms of the synthetic retinoid n-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-hpr) on squamous cells at progressing stages of tumorigenesis. to this end, an in vitro model of squamou ... | 2002 | 11895859 |
| sodium lauryl sulfate, a microbicide effective against enveloped and nonenveloped viruses. | the number of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is growing dramatically worldwide. globally, heterosexual transmission may account for as much as 85-90% of new cases of hiv infection. latex condoms represent an effective barrier against sexually transmitted pathogens, but unfortunately, their use is not generalized. therefore, there is an urgent need to develop safe and potent topical microbicides under t ... | 2002 | 11899262 |
| immune evasion in human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer. | tumour-associated viruses produce antigens that, on the face of it, are ideal targets for immunotherapy. unfortunately, these viruses are experts at avoiding or subverting the host immune response. cervical-cancer-associated human papillomavirus (hpv) has a battery of immune-evasion mechanisms at its disposal that could confound attempts at hpv-directed immunotherapy. other virally associated human cancers might prove similarly refractive to immuno-intervention unless we learn how to circumvent ... | 2002 | 11902586 |
| comparison of hpv infection, p53 mutation and allelic losses in post-transplant and non-posttransplant oral squamous cell carcinomas. | oral squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is increasingly found in transplant recipients, although little is known of the natural history of the disease or the mechanism underlying this increase. | 2002 | 11903818 |
| complementation of a p300/cbp defective-binding mutant of adenovirus e1a by human papillomavirus e6 proteins. | previous studies have shown that the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 protein binds to p300/cbp and abrogates its transcriptional co-activator function. however, there is little information on the biological consequences of this interaction and discrepancy as to whether the interaction is high-risk e6 specific or not. we performed a series of studies to compare the interactions of hpv-18 and hpv-11 e6 with p300, and showed that both high- and low- risk e6 proteins bind p300. in addition, ... | 2002 | 11907332 |
| high incidence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women during their first sexual relationship. | the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus increases with increasing numbers of sexual partners, leaving the impression that this infection is acquired only as a result of high risk sexual behaviour. using longitudinal data from 242 women who had only had one sexual partner, we found that the risk of acquiring cervical human papillomavirus infection was 46% (95% ci 28-64) at three years after first intercourse and that the median time from first intercourse to first detection of human papil ... | 2002 | 11845815 |
| comparative analysis of the intracellular location of the high- and low-risk human papillomavirus oncoproteins. | we have compared the intracellular location of the hpv e6 and e7 proteins from high- and low-risk virus types. while high-risk hpv e7 displays diffuse nuclear expression, low-risk e7 has a nuclear punctuate pattern of expression. similarly, while high-risk e6 is expressed throughout the cell, low-risk e6 is again predominantly nuclear with a punctuate pattern of expression. both low-risk viral oncoproteins show colocalization with pml, whereas high-risk viral proteins do not. finally, inhibition ... | 2002 | 11853395 |
| the role of human papillomaviruses in human cancers. | of the more than 100 different human papillomavirus types (hpvs), the "high-risk" hpvs are associated with the vast majority of cervical carcinoma, and a pathologically distinct group of oropharyngeal tumors. in addition, other hpvs are associated with cutaneous tumors, in particular epidermodysplasia verruciformis and non-melanoma skin cancers. in general, hpv-associated cancers arise from a single accidental integration event of the viral genome into a host cell chromosome. integration is a te ... | 2002 | 11861215 |
| activation of nuclear factor kappab in radioresistance of tp53-inactive human keratinocytes. | many tumors show a mutant or inactive tumor suppressor p53 (tp53) status, and tp53 in the tumor-carrying human papillomavirus (hpv) may be dysfunctional because of inhibition by the viral protein hpv e6. molecular mechanisms underlying radiation responses and the radiation-induced resistant phenotype in the tp53-inactive tumor have not been well investigated. in the present study, using a human keratinocyte line (hk18) with tp53 inhibited by hpv18 infection, we demonstrated that nuclear factor ( ... | 2002 | 11861406 |
| specific inactivation of inhibitory sequences in the 5' end of the human papillomavirus type 16 l1 open reading frame results in production of high levels of l1 protein in human epithelial cells. | the expression of human papillomavirus type 16 late genes encoding virus capsid proteins l1 and l2 is restricted to terminally differentiated epithelial cells in the superficial layers of the squamous epithelium. we wish to understand the molecular mechanisms that determine the levels of expression of the human papillomavirus type 16 late genes. we have previously shown that the l1 coding region contains inhibitory sequences. here we extend previous findings to show that the 5' end of the l1 gen ... | 2002 | 11861841 |
| [epidemiology and natural history of genital infection by human papillomavirus]. | human papillomavirus genital infection is a very common sexual transmitted disease, probably the most common of them. on one hand, this infection is more often than not transient and asymptomatic and induces an effective immunity which allows the infection cure; on the other hand it can be responsible for an intraepithelial lesion which can progress to an invasive cancer. in spite of the decrease of cervical cancer incidence thanks to pap smear screening, it remains a real preoccupation for clin ... | 2002 | 11910884 |
| [high and low risk human papilloma virus infection in women with cin. differential characteristics]. | the objective of this study was to determine high risk human papillomavirus infection (hpv-rh) and factors with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia appears (cin). | 2002 | 11913045 |
| risk factors of invasive cervical cancer in mali. | cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women in mali and the second commonest cause of cancer mortality. | 2002 | 11914322 |
| co-existent carcinosarcoma and adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix and correlation with human papillomavirus infection. | a case of carcinosarcoma associated with an adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix in an 84-year-old woman is described. the tumor formed a pelvic mass, and total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. the tumor was 17 cm in maximal dimension, arose in the posterior wall of the uterine cervix, and had a solid and cystic, focally myxoid sectioned surface. the tumor was composed of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and a mostly nonspecific sarcomatous component ... | 2002 | 11917230 |
| the causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. | the causal role of human papillomavirus infections in cervical cancer has been documented beyond reasonable doubt. the association is present in virtually all cervical cancer cases worldwide. it is the right time for medical societies and public health regulators to consider this evidence and to define its preventive and clinical implications. a comprehensive review of key studies and results is presented. | 2002 | 11919208 |
| direct visual inspection for cervical cancer screening: an analysis of factors influencing test performance. | the authors evaluated direct visual inspection of the cervix after the application of 5% acetic acid (dvi) as a cervical cancer screening test for use in low-resource settings. | 2002 | 11920531 |
| persistent human papillomavirus infection and smoking increase risk of failure of treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). | women with abnormal smears have an increased risk of developing cervical cancer. during the 8 years following conservative treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), their risk of invasive cervical cancer is about 5 times greater than that of the general population. human papillomavirus (hpv) has been associated with the natural history of both cin and cervical cancer. to date, there have been no published reports on the predictive value of hpv testing in the treatment outcome of cin ... | 2002 | 11920596 |
| human papillomavirus 16 load in normal and abnormal cervical scrapes: an indicator of cin ii/iii and viral clearance. | the relation between human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) viral load in cervical scrapes and development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin ii or iii) was studied in a nested case-control study of women with normal cytology (group a) and in a cohort of women with abnormal cytology (group b). hpv 16 dna load was determined using a quantitative real-time pcr assay. in group a, case women (women with cin ii/iii, n = 12) had a significantly higher viral load than control women (w ... | 2002 | 11920620 |
| epigenetics of breast cancer: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as risk factors. | in the absence of a causal relationship between the incidence of sporadic breast cancer and occurrence of mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, efforts directed to investigating the contribution of environmental xenobiotics in the etiology of sporadic mammary neoplasia are warranted. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are ubiquitous pollutants, which have been shown to induce dna damage and disrupt cell cycle progression. in this report we discuss published data pointing to pahs ... | 2002 | 11921194 |
| senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss. | primary human cells in culture invariably stop dividing and enter a state of growth arrest called replicative senescence. this transition is induced by programmed telomere shortening, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. here, we report that overexpression of trf2, a telomeric dna binding protein, increased the rate of telomere shortening in primary cells without accelerating senescence. trf2 reduced the senescence setpoint, defined as telomere length at senescence, from 7 to 4 kilobases. ... | 2002 | 11923537 |
| antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of iron chelators on human cervical carcinoma cells. | cervical carcinoma is a human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated cancer for which treatment options still mainly rely on surgical procedures, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. as iron may participate in the pathogenesis of viral infections and cancer in several ways, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of iron chelation on hpv-16- and hpv-18-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines. | 2002 | 11925126 |
| human papillomavirus persistence and nutrients involved in the methylation pathway among a cohort of young women. | persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is associated with cervical dysplasia. cofactors, such as nutrient status, may be required for the progression of hpv infection to neoplasia. hpv dna methylation patterns in vitro have been shown to be associated with viral transcriptional activity. folate, vitamin b12, vitamin b6, and methionine may function to prevent cervical cancer through their role in dna methylation. this study was conducted to examine the relationship of dietary i ... | 2002 | 11927495 |
| treatment of sexually transmitted infections with single-dose therapy: a double-edged sword. | since the advent of the antimicrobial era, single-dose therapy has been a valuable tool in the management of genital infection. most of the common sexually transmitted infections (stis) such as gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomoniasis and chancroid can be treated in this way, as can genital infections which are not sexually transmitted such as bacterial vaginosis and genital tract candidiasis. until recently, treatment for chlamydia trachomatis infection required a multi-dose regimen, but single-dos ... | 2002 | 11929335 |
| multichannel piezoelectric genesensor for the detection of human papilloma virus. | to establish a method for rapid detection and sub-typing of human papilloma virus (hpv). | 2002 | 11940384 |
| papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a report of two cases with human papillomavirus 16 dna. | 2002 | 11942912 | |
| [treatment of dystrophy, dysplasia and initial stages of vulvar carcinoma in virus infections]. | overall sixty-seven patients with distrophy, dysplasia and valvular carcinoma presenting with human papilloma virus- and herpes simplex-2 virus infections underwent a complex treatment intended for background, precancerous affections of the vulva and for valvular carcinoma, involving the use of antiviral drug preparations laferon, zovirax, lovir (both on the systemic and local basis), and an immunomodulator (decaris). efficacy of the above treatment option has been shown to be 98.5%. | 2002 | 11944391 |
| squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils: a molecular analysis of hpv associations. | the role of human papilloma virus (hpv) in the pathogenesis and biological behavior of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (tscc) are areas of intense investigation. | 2002 | 11948119 |
| epidermodysplasia verruciformis associated with neurofibromatosis type 1: coincidental association or model for understanding the underlying mechanism of the disease? | we describe a 25-year-old man with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1). the lesions, persisting for more than 15 years, consisted of widespread planar warts on the backs of the hands and wrists, and reddish-brown macules on the trunk, neck and face. during the last 5 years, our patient developed several epithelial tumours, namely solar keratoses, plaques of bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinomas (sccs). he also presented with nf1 lesions with ... | 2002 | 11952554 |
| [establishment of human immortalized oral epithelial cell line hio615 induced by hpv16 e6 and e7]. | to establish an immortalized oral epithelial cell line. | 2002 | 11955351 |
| 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities. | to provide evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities and cervical cancer precursors. | 2002 | 11966387 |
| antibodies to human papillomavirus 16 l1 virus-like particles as an independent prognostic marker in cervical cancer. | infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types such as hpv-16 is a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. hpv-16 capsid antibodies are detectable in approximately 50% of patients with hpv-16 dna-positive cervical cancer. we investigated the prognostic significance of hpv capsid antibodies for survival in patients with cervical cancer in comparison with conventional clinicopathologic features such as staging, histologic grading, histology, age, and treatment modality ... | 2002 | 11967495 |
| an atpase assay using scintillation proximity beads for high-throughput screening or kinetic analysis. | a new procedure for measuring atpase activity in which gamma-(33)p-labeled inorganic orthophoshate is detected by addition of ammonium molybdate followed by selective adsorption of the resulting phosphomolybdate to scintillation proximity beads in the presence of cesium chloride is described. this method is shown to give accurate and reproducible results over a wide range of detection conditions and product concentrations. it requires no separation or filtration steps and is highly compatible wi ... | 2002 | 11969189 |
| nuclear import strategies of high risk hpv16 l1 major capsid protein. | during the late phase of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, the l1 major capsid proteins enter the nuclei of host epithelial cells and, together with the l2 minor capsid proteins, assemble the replicated viral dna into virions. we investigated the nuclear import of the l1 major capsid protein of high risk hpv16. when digitonin-permeabilized hela cells were incubated with hpv16 l1 capsomeres, the l1 protein was imported into the nucleus in a receptor-mediated manner. hpv16 l1 capsomeres formed ... | 2002 | 11971900 |
| two cases of coincident carcinomas of the head and neck and the uterine cervix. | human papillomavirus (hpv) is an independent risk factor for select head and neck carcinomas and most uterine cervix carcinomas. we report two patients with synchronous diagnoses of cervical cancer and hpv-related head and neck cancer. | 2002 | 11972404 |
| multiple bowen's disease of the fingers. | we describe herein a case of multiple bowen's disease that developed on the left hand fingers of an 80-year-old male patient who had practiced as a gynecologist. pcr-based analysis indicated that the lesion contained human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 dna. topical application of bleomycin and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy were effective in treating this case. after treatment, histopathologically no atypical cells were seen throughout the epidermis. | 2002 | 11978572 |
| human papillomavirus-negative spindle cell carcinoma of the vulva associated with lichen sclerosus: case report and literature review. | although spindle cell carcinoma (sc) is a common neoplasm in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and other head and neck areas, its occurrence in the vulva is rare. we report a case of this rare condition with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and human papillomavirus (hpv) testing. the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, keratins (ae1-ae3, keratin 902, and keratin 903), and epithelial membrane antigen. ultrastructurally, they showed primitive junctions and tonofilaments. hpv ... | 2002 | 11979073 |
| human papillomavirus in cervical cancer. | epidemiologic studies supported by molecular technology have provided sufficient evidence of the causal role of some human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in the development of cervical cancer. the finding is consistent universally, and hpv has been proposed as the first identified necessary cause of cervical cancer. such recognition translates into the concept that cervical cancer does not develop without persistent presence of hpv dna. in the developed parts of the world, cytologic screening p ... | 2002 | 11822990 |
| production of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein in lactococcus lactis. | the e7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 was produced in lactococcus lactis. secretion allowed higher production yields than cytoplasmic production. in stationary phase, amounts of cytoplasmic e7 were reduced, while amounts of secreted e7 increased, suggesting a phase-dependent intracellular proteolysis. fusion of e7 to the staphylococcal nuclease, a stable protein, resulted in a highly stable cytoplasmic protein. this work provides new candidates for development of viral screening systems ... | 2002 | 11823236 |
| conjunctival papillomas caused by human papillomavirus type 33. | 2002 | 11831924 | |
| use of human papillomavirus dna testing to compare equivocal cervical cytologic interpretations in the united states, scandinavia, and the united kingdom. | human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing may be useful in clarifying equivocal cervical cytologic interpretations. one application might be to standardize the meaning of equivocal interpretations from laboratories in various regions. because international differences may be particularly marked, international comparisons of emerging data will require clear translations of "equivocal" and similar terms. | 2002 | 11836698 |
| genital human papillomavirus infections. | human papillomavirus infections of the genitals are very widespread in the sexually active population throughout the world. not only cosmetically unattractive skin warts but also genital squamous epithelial carcinomas of both sexes may be caused by human papillomavirus infections. in the past 30 years, this has led to intensive research on human papillomavirus. this paper reviews and evaluates the current literature on the pathomechanism, diagnostics, therapy, risk groups and clinical significan ... | 2002 | 11753135 |
| characterization of viral-cellular fusion transcripts in a large series of hpv16 and 18 positive anogenital lesions. | persistent high risk type human papillomavirus (hr-hpvs) infections induce dysplasia or cancer of the anogenital tract, most notably of the uterine cervix. the viral genome usually persists and replicates as an episomal molecule in early dysplasia, whereas in advanced dysplasia or cervical cancer hpv genomes are frequently integrated into the chromosomal dna of the host cell. previous studies suggested that modification of critical cellular sequences by integration of hpv genomes might significa ... | 2002 | 11821954 |
| variants of the long control region and the e6 oncogene in european human papillomavirus type 16 isolates: implications for cervical disease. | high-risk human papillomavirus types, especially type 16, are risk factors for cervical cancer. preliminary studies suggest that hpv16 polymorphisms in the long control region or in the e6 gene may alter the oncogenic potential of the virus. this could partially explain why some lesions progress to cancer while others do not. a systematic study combining the long control region and e6 has not been undertaken. this prompted us to investigate the long control region and the e6 in northern european ... | 2002 | 11870518 |
| preventive human papillomavirus vaccination. | 2002 | 11872848 | |
| strategies for the modification of risk factors in gynecological cancers. | strategies to modify risk for female or gynecological cancers will vary with our knowledge of the epidemiology, etiology, and specific molecular mechanisms for each individual cancer. in general, cancer preventive strategies have been divided into primary and secondary prevention with primary prevention directed toward the causative factors for a disease. secondary prevention is classically used in cervical cancer cytology screening programs and is essentially an attempt to identify individuals ... | 2002 | 11876392 |
| detection of human papillomavirus dna by pcr/microfluorometry for screening of cervical cancer. | cervical cancer screening is conducted by a cytological papanicolaou (pap) test. for screening, it is becoming increasingly important to introduce a more objective result, based on human papillomavirus (hpv) dna test. we describe here a practical method allowing the mass detection of hpv-dna by pcr followed by fluorogenic dna intercalation. | 2002 | 11880111 |
| results of human papillomavirus dna testing with the hybrid capture 2 assay are reproducible. | reproducibility of the hybrid capture 2 test (hc 2) for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna detection was evaluated by assaying frozen cervical specimens in 1997 and again in 2001 from 1,775 women with normal cervical cytology. using a cutoff point of 1.0 pg of hpv dna/ml between a negative and a positive test result, the result of the kappa test for agreement was 0.72 (a kappa value of >0.60 is considered good agreement). using cutoff points of 1.0 and 10.0 pg/ml between negative and low positive an ... | 2002 | 11880448 |
| stable replication of papillomavirus genomes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | papillomaviruses normally replicate in stratified squamous epithelial tissues of their mammalian hosts, in which the viral genome is found as a nuclear plasmid. two viral proteins, e1, a helicase, and e2, a transcriptional activator and plasmid maintenance factor, are known to contribute to the episomal replication of the viral genome. recently, our laboratory discovered that papillomaviruses can also replicate in an e1-independent manner in mammalian cells (k. kim and p. f. lambert, virology, i ... | 2002 | 11884560 |
| enhanced immunogenicity of hpv 16 e7 fusion proteins in dna vaccination. | dna vaccination is a promising approach for inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. for immunotherapy of hpv-16-associated diseases the e7 protein is considered a prime candidate, as it is expressed in all hpv-16-positive tumors. unfortunately, the e7 protein is a very poor inducer of a cytotoxic t-cell response, when being used as antigen in dna vaccination. here we demonstrate that after fusion to protein export/import signals such as the herpes simplex virus ferry protein vp22, e ... | 2002 | 11886264 |
| effects of age and human papilloma viral load on colposcopy triage: data from the randomized atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion triage study (alts). | testing for oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) dna at a 1.0-pg/ml threshold represents a promising approach for colposcopy triage of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus), but not for low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsil). considering age or viral load could improve colposcopy triage. | 2002 | 11792748 |
| human papillomavirus-associated oral warts among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: an emerging infection. | oral warts are a manifestation of human papillomavirus infection that have been noted infrequently in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). a nested case-control study was conducted to assess rates of and risk factors for oral warts among a cohort of hiv-seropositive patients. from 1997 through 1999, 56 patients with oral warts were identified among 2194 hiv-positive patients attending an urban oral health center (prevalence, 2.6%). incident cases of oral warts were significantly more ... | 2002 | 11803508 |
| influence of the mucosal epithelium microenvironment on langerhans cells: implications for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. | we have addressed the notion that the initiation and progression of human papillomavirus associated cancer of the uterine cervix are associated with alterations of langerhans cells (lc) within the mucosal squamous epithelium. since the transformation zone (tz) of the cervix is the site where the majority of squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) are initiated, in contrast to the exocervix, we decided to investigate the influence of the local microenvironment within the tz on the function and den ... | 2002 | 11807793 |
| factors associated with an increased risk of prevalent and incident grade iii cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer among women with papanicolaou tests classified as grades i or ii cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | women with papanicolaou tests classified as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade i or ii are treated conservatively in many countries. however, these women are at an increased risk of having underlying prevalent and incident grade iii cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cancer. this study was undertaken to identify factors that could predict these clinically important disease states. | 2002 | 11810080 |
| sodium arsenite suppresses human papillomavirus-16 e6 gene and enhances apoptosis in e6-transfected human lymphoblastoid cells. | the p53 tumor suppressor pathway is disrupted by human papillomavirus (hpv) in most cervical cancer cells. the e6 proteins, which could mediate p53 degradation, are related to cellular immortalization, transformation, and tumor formation. in order to study the e6 abrogated p53 function in stress, we transfected hpv-16 e6 gene to tk6 cells in this study. here we showed that hpv-16 e6 mrna levels decreased in a dose dependent manner after sodium arsenite (sa) treatment, but not after x-irradiation ... | 2002 | 11813266 |
| the effects of exogenous p53 overexpression on hpv-immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes. | overexpression of p53 in head and neck carcinoma cells has demonstrated tumor growth suppression using in vitro and in vivo models. the effects of exogenous overexpression of wild-type p53 on human papilloma virus (hpv)-immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes were determined. | 2002 | 11815972 |
| viral load of high-risk human papillomavirus in cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. | this case-control study was conducted to investigate the role of viral load of high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in the development of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) and invasive cancers. | 2002 | 11818093 |
| mediators of the association between age of first sexual intercourse and subsequent human papillomavirus infection. | previous studies have demonstrated that early age of first sexual intercourse is associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the objective of this study was to identify a set of risk behaviors and partner characteristics that mediate the association between age of first sexual intercourse and subsequent hpv infection in adolescent and young adult women. | 2002 | 11773573 |
| lymphoid follicles are generated in high-grade cervical dysplasia and have differing characteristics depending on hiv status. | the exact role of the mucosal immune response in the pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (hpv)-related premalignant and malignant diseases of the genital tract is poorly understood. we used immunohistochemical analysis to characterize immune cells in normal cervix (n = 21), hiv-negative high-grade dysplasia (n = 21), and hiv-positive high-grade dysplasia (n = 30). classical germinal centers were present in 4.7% of normal cervix, 33% of high-grade lesions from hiv-negative women, and 3.3% of hig ... | 2002 | 11786409 |
| the nd10 component promyelocytic leukemia protein relocates to human papillomavirus type 1 e4 intranuclear inclusion bodies in cultured keratinocytes and in warts. | human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv1) e4 protein is associated with cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions in productively infected keratinocytes. here we have used transient expression of hpv1 e4 (also known as e1e4) protein in keratinocytes to reproduce formation of e4 inclusions. immunofluorescence analysis showed that progressive formation of inclusions correlated with diminished colocalization between e4 and keratin intermediate filaments (ifs). our results support a model in which the hpv1 e4-ker ... | 2003 | 12477870 |
| coupling of chemical extraction and expanded-bed adsorption for simplified inclusion-body processing: optimization using surface plasmon resonance. | integration of the chemical extraction of recombinant inclusion-body protein from escherichia coli, and its recovery by metal-affinity expanded-bed adsorption (imac-eba) under denaturing conditions, was investigated. the viral coat protein l1 with a hexa-histidine tag was expressed in escherichia coli hms174(de3) as a model protein. interference of released host dna with adsorbent fluidization in the eba step was solved by selective precipitation using spermine and low-speed centrifugation. howe ... | 2003 | 12451558 |
| p16ink4a as a marker for cervical dyskaryosis: cin and cgin in cervical biopsies and thinprep smears. | to examine the potential of p16(ink4a) as a biomarker for dysplastic squamous and glandular cells of the cervix in tissue sections and thinprep smears. | 2003 | 12499437 |
| endogenous human papillomavirus e6 and e7 proteins differentially regulate proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis in hela cervical carcinoma cells. | cervical cancer cells express high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 and e7 proteins, and repression of hpv gene expression causes the cells to cease proliferation and undergo senescence. however, it is not known whether both hpv proteins are required to maintain the proliferative state of cervical cancer cells, or whether mutations that accumulate during carcinogenesis eliminate the need for one or the other of them. to address these questions, we used the bovine papillomavirus e2 protein to r ... | 2003 | 12502868 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 e2 protein has no effect on transcription from episomal viral dna. | the human papillomavirus (hpv) e2 protein plays an important role in viral dna replication. many studies with high-risk hpvs have demonstrated that the e2 protein can also repress transcription of the e6 and e7 oncogenes. this conclusion, based on experiments carried out with cervical cancer cells bearing integrated hpv genomes, is currently assumed to be applicable to the normal hpv life cycle, in which the viral genomes are episomal. here, we have tested experimentally whether this assumption ... | 2003 | 12525636 |
| the e6 and e7 proteins of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 38 display transforming properties. | several studies have suggested the involvement of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers. here we have characterized the in vitro properties of e7 proteins of three cutaneous hpv types, 10, 20, and 38, which are frequently detected in skin specimens. we show that hpv38 e7 is able to inactivate the tumor suppressor prb and induces loss of g(1)/s transition control, a key event in carcinogenesis. in contrast, hpv10 and hpv20 e7 proteins do not displa ... | 2003 | 12525654 |
| antibody response to a viral transcriptional regulator. | the e2 transcriptional activator of the human papillomavirus regulates the expression of most viral transcripts. its binding to specific target dna sequences involves large conformational changes in the interacting macromolecules. the high stability of the e2:dna complex prompted us to analyze the role of macromolecular interactions and adjuvant emulsions in the appearance of conformation-specific antibodies. we demonstrate that immunization with free or dna-complexed e2 emulsified in an oil-in- ... | 2003 | 12527387 |
| baseline cytology, human papillomavirus testing, and risk for cervical neoplasia: a 10-year cohort analysis. | annual pap smear screening has been favored over less frequent screening in the united states to minimize the risk of cervical cancer. we evaluated whether simultaneous screening with a pap test and human papillomavirus (hpv) testing is useful for assessing the risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 3 or cervical cancer. | 2003 | 12509400 |
| human papillomavirus type 18 and rapidly progressing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. | human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) is the second most frequent of the hpv types detected when squamous-cell cancer is diagnosed and the type most strongly associated with adenocarcinoma of the cervix. however, in cross-sectional studies, hpv-18 is rarely detected at the time of diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). we used a longitudinal study design to describe the occurrence of cytological abnormality after incident hpv-18 and hpv-16 infections. | 2003 | 12517465 |
| identification of a novel promoter in the e2 open reading frame of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome. | northern blot and rt-pcr analyses indicated that the human papillomavirus e4 open reading frame is expressed in hela cells. because integration at the e1 or e2 open reading frame would place the viral upstream regulatory region downstream of the viral late genes, the expression of e4 in hela cells is most likely regulated by host cellular promoter(s) or unidentified viral promoter(s) in the e2 region. primer extension analysis and transient transfection experiments with luciferase reporter const ... | 2003 | 12436488 |
| attitudes about human papillomavirus vaccine in young women. | human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines are under investigation, but little is known about attitudes regarding vaccination. the aims of this study were to identify attitudes about and intention to receive an hpv vaccine in young women using a theory-based model. young women (n=52, mean age 25 years, range 18-30 years, 35% black/non-hispanic) completed a survey assessing knowledge, attitudes about hpv vaccination, and risk behaviours. associations between attitudes and intention to receive the vaccin ... | 2003 | 12803935 |
| heterologous boosting increases immunogenicity of chimeric papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccines. | chimeric human papillomavirus virus-like particles (hpv cvlps), containing the hpv16 non-structural protein e7, are potent vaccines for inducing antigen-specific protective immunity against hpv-transformed tumors in animal models. previous data demonstrated that the effectiveness of cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) induction after repetitive vaccination with the same cvlp, and thus vaccine efficacy, is limited by the presence of neutralizing antibodies induced after the first application. here, we d ... | 2003 | 12804851 |
| transcriptional regulation of the telomerase htert gene as a target for cellular and viral oncogenic mechanisms. | malignant transformation from mortal, normal cells to immortal, cancer cells is generally associated with activation of telomerase and subsequent telomere maintenance. a major mechanism to regulate telomerase activity in human cells is transcriptional control of the telomerase catalytic subunit gene, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert). several transcription factors, including oncogene products (e.g. c-myc) and tumor suppressor gene products (e.g. wt1 and p53), are able to control hte ... | 2003 | 12807729 |
| chapter 4: genital tract infections, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients--assessing their roles as human papillomavirus cofactors. | cervical infections by approximately 15 human papillomavirus (hpv) types are the necessary cause of cervical cancer and its immediate precursor lesions. however, oncogenic hpv infections are usually benign and usually resolve within 1-2 years. a few of these infections persist and progress to cervical precancer and cancer. a number of cervical factors, such as infection by sexually transmitted pathogens other than hpv, cervical inflammation, and antioxidant nutrients, may influence the natural h ... | 2003 | 12807942 |
| chapter 7: human papillomavirus and cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract. | we discuss current evidence of the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in some cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, the pharynx, and the larynx. cancers of the oral cavity and the pharynx are associated mainly with tobacco and alcohol exposure, but there is evidence from case series, from case-control studies, and from cohort studies that hpv plays a role in a fraction of these cancers, particularly cancer in the oropharynx and tonsil. the hpv type most commonly as ... | 2003 | 12807945 |
| chapter 10: cervical cancer screening using visualization techniques. | there is a resurgence of interest in the use of visual techniques to identify cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). these visual techniques can be divided into two general categories. one is the simple visual screening method, such as direct visual inspection (dvi), during which the cervix is visualized with either the naked eye or a low-power magnification device after the application of a solution of 3% to 5% acetic acid that is used as a chemical contrast agent to highlight regions of cin ... | 2003 | 12807948 |
| chapter 13: primary screening of cervical cancer with human papillomavirus tests. | despite its history of success in cancer screening, pap cytology has important limitations, particularly its high false-negative rate, which carries important public health implications. since the mid-1990s, there has been substantial interest in the use of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing in cervical cancer screening under the premise that the testing of cervical cells for the causative agent of cervical cancer could have acceptable screening performance, while being more reproducible in ... | 2003 | 12807951 |
| analysis of pregnancy and other factors on detection of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection using weighted estimating equations for follow-up data. | generalized estimating equations have been well established to draw inference for the marginal mean from follow-up data. many studies suffer from missing data that may result in biased parameter estimates if the data are not missing completely at random. robins and co-workers proposed using weighted estimating equations (wee) in estimating the mean structure if drop-out occurs missing at random. we illustrate the differences between the wee and the commonly applied available case analysis in a s ... | 2003 | 12820285 |
| detection and typing of hpv genotypes in various cervical lesions by hpv oligonucleotide microarray. | this study was conducted to evaluate a clinical efficacy of human papillomavirus (hpv) oligonucleotide microarray (biomedlab co., seoul, south korea) for the detection of hpvs in various cervical lesions. | 2003 | 12821341 |
| iron withdrawal strategies fail to prevent the growth of siha-induced tumors in mice. | cervical carcinoma is a human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated cancer for which treatment options still mainly rely on surgical procedures, with or without adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. we have previously shown that the chemically unrelated iron chelators desferrioxamine and deferiprone inhibit the growth and induce the apoptosis of hpv-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines, suggesting that iron chelators may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of cervical carc ... | 2003 | 12821347 |
| second primary cancers after cervical intraepithelial neoplasia iii and invasive cervical cancer in southeast england. | multiple primary cancers may arise in an individual because they share a common environmental risk factor (such as smoking); genetic predisposition or immunodeficiency may predispose to both cancers, or treatment for one cancer may cause a second cancer. the objective of this analysis was to identify which, if any, cancers occur more often than would be expected in a cohort of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia iii (cin iii) and in women with invasive cervical cancer. | 2003 | 12821353 |
| hpv e7 expression in skeletal muscle cells distinguishes initiation of the postmitotic state from its maintenance. | the e7 oncogene is an essential tool used by papillomaviruses to interfere with the cell cycle and cellular differentiation. we investigated the effects of e7 expression on both cellular functions in skeletal muscle cells, a terminally differentiating system. when expressed in myoblasts, e7 impaired differentiation only partially, but allowed continuation of dna synthesis during and after differentiation. surprisingly, e7 expression in terminally differentiated myotubes could not reactivate dna ... | 2003 | 12821937 |
| [the role of papilloma virus in development of cervix precancer and cancer (a literature review)]. | there are now enough data confirming the causal relationship between the papilloma-virus infection and the lesion of the neck of uterus. virtually all dysplasias contain the human papilloma virus either as an infection virion or as episome-type or integrated dna. the chronic papilloma-virus infection of high risk is an indispensable precondition for creating a precancerous and malignant phenotypes. however, considering the human papilloma-virus infection to be the key risk factor of precancerosi ... | 2003 | 12822310 |
| skin and subcutaneous infections. | cutaneous infections most commonly are caused by staphylococcus aureus and gabhs. life-threatening complications can occur and are preventable with early diagnosis and specific therapy. dermatophytoses frequently are seen in children and immune-compromised adults with poor hygiene. sporotrichosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous and can cause indolent granulomatous lesions. vesicular and fleshy lesions are manifestations of cutaneous viral infections due to hsv, varicella-zoster vi ... | 2003 | 12825248 |
| environmental exposure and lung cancer among nonsmokers: an example of taiwanese female lung cancer. | lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and in taiwan. cigarette smoking is considered to be the most important risk factor, since about 90% of lung cancer can be related to cigarette smoking. despite the recent decrease of cigarette smoking, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in the united states. in taiwan, only around 50% of lung cancer incidence could be associated with cigarette smoking, particularly less than 10% of taiwanese women are smokers. thus, ... | 2003 | 12826030 |
| vl position 34 is a key determinant for the engineering of stable antibodies with fast dissociation rates. | predictive engineering of antibodies exhibiting fast kinetic properties could provide reagents for biotechnological applications such as continuous monitoring of compounds or affinity chromatography. based on covariance analysis of murine germline antibody variable domains, we selected position l34 (kabat numbering) for mutational studies. this position is located at the vl/vh interface, at the base of the paratope but with limited antigen contacts, thus making it an attractive position for mild ... | 2003 | 12826730 |